CN105605922A - Ultrahigh speed material heating system - Google Patents
Ultrahigh speed material heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105605922A CN105605922A CN201610060906.1A CN201610060906A CN105605922A CN 105605922 A CN105605922 A CN 105605922A CN 201610060906 A CN201610060906 A CN 201610060906A CN 105605922 A CN105605922 A CN 105605922A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrahigh speed material heating system which comprises a reaction device, a gas inlet device, a powder feeding device and a flue gas analysis device. The reaction device is connected with a high-temperature plasma generator in a sealing manner; the gas inlet device conveys gas into the high-temperature plasma generator; high temperature plasmas generated by the high-temperature plasma generator are fed into a reactor from the bottom of the reaction device; material particles are radially injected through a stainless steel pipe by carrier gas, and the material burning process is recorded by a high-speed camera and a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera; a temperature in the reactor is represented by a thermocouple; and the flue gas analysis device is used for collecting and detecting burnt material and gas phase parts. The ultrahigh speed material heating system uses the plasmas as a high-temperature heat source, can meet the requirement for ultrahigh speed material heating, reaches the requirement of industries of coal, power, chemical engineering, metallurgy and the like for high speed heating, also meets the high speed heating temperature in the scientific research process, and has the advantages of simple structure, easiness for operation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the energy, agricultural, chemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, Aero-Space, environmental protection, experiment sectionLearn the material Fast Heating heat riser field of the industries such as research, more specifically, relate to a kind of material superHigh-speed heating system.
Background technology
Conventional solid fuel mainly comprises living beings, coal dust and solid waste, and the burning of solid is outstandingIt is the burning of coal dust as the most common way of using energy source, be subject to people's extensive concern. CoalThe Actual combustion process main heat transfer type of powder in boiler is radiation and heat convection, its heating rateReach 10000K/S, unit simulation coal dust firing by experiment, with the combustion characteristics of studying coal powder, rightThe combustion reaction and the pollutant formation mechanism that disclose flame have important directive function, can be for proposingNew combustion technique is provided fundamental basis.
In prior art, provide the following scheme about solid-fuelled experiment burner:
Patent CN101038276B discloses a kind of coal powder performance detection method and device thereof, and it is adoptedUse constant heating mode, coal dust is fixed in burner hearth, pass through CO2Appearing and subsiding judgement burning is initialTemperature and burning finishing temperature, use CO2The variation of content judges the coal dust tail-off time, realized coal dustThe mensuration of firing point and combustion process. But the too low and actual boiler of the rate of heat addition of this unit simulationHeating rate 10000K/S is not inconsistent, fire box temperature 300-1200 used DEG C of yet actual fire box temperature2000K is low; Adopt on the other hand CO2Gas is also inaccurate as combustion index.
Patent CN104880448A discloses a kind of pulverized coal flame combustion diagnosis experimental rig, this device profitProduce the flue gas environment similar to boiler with advection flame, and detected the fluorescence signal of coal dust with PLIF,Thereby judge catching fire of coal dust. But there is following problem in this device: 1) utilize advection flame to produce highTemperature flue gas, the concentration of its flue gas carbon dioxide is larger, is not inconsistent, and should controls its cigarette with actual flue gasTemperature degree is considered to control its smoke components again, and operation easier is larger; 2) this device adopts PLIF coupleCoal dust carries out optical measurement, the local firing characteristic of coal dust can only be detected, for the igniting temperature of coal dustDegree, ignition mechanism (homogeneous phase or out-phase burning), the combustion characteristics such as burning time can not detect; 3)This device adopts penetrating combustion chamber, but does not use any attemperator, is unfavorable for the after-flame of coal dust.
Summary of the invention
For above defect or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of material ultrahigh speedTemperature elevation system, it as high temperature heat source, is applicable to the energy, chemical industry, iron and steel, metallurgy with plasmaDeng the Fast Heating in field, be also applicable to the scientific research of material Fast Heating, as the combustion of Fast Heating solidThe fields such as material gasification, and combustion, are specially adapted to detect in different plasma gas atmosphere, differential responses temperatureThe experimental study of the material combustion characteristics under degree and different heating rate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, described systemComprise reaction unit, inlet duct, to powder device and flue gas analysis device, wherein:
Described reaction unit comprises reactor, thermocouple, image unit, plasma generator and rectificationDevice, described reactor packs in holding furnace, and its side is provided with watch window, and described holding furnace is by extremely interiorComprise successively heating element heater, fixed heat-insulation layer and detachable heat-insulation layer outward; Described thermocouple is from insteadAnswer the top of device to insert; Described image unit is located at the top of described watch window place and reactor;Described plasma generator and reactor are tightly connected, in described rectifier insertion reaction device;
Described inlet duct comprises mixed gas unit and multiple air supply unit, and each air supply unit is to described mixedA kind of gas is supplied with in gas unit, and by flowmeter adjusting gas flow; Described mixed gas unit is to multipleGas mixes to form mist, is provided with the electrical heating unit that mist is heated in itPart, it is connected with described plasma generator by the pipeline that is added with electrical heating heating tape;
Describedly comprise funnel, powder feeding equipment and stainless-steel pipe to powder device, described powder feeding equipment is in funnelSupply with material, material is delivered in stainless-steel pipe under carrier gas is carried, and described stainless-steel pipe is with anti-Answer device to be tightly connected;
Described flue gas analysis device is connected with the top of described reactor, and it is for collecting and analytic combustionAfter material and flue gas composition.
As further preferred, described image unit comprises high-speed camera and CCD camera, whereinDescribed high-speed camera is located at watch window place, and described CCD camera is located at the top of reactor, with realityExisting material ignition phase and the observation in after-flame stage.
As further preferred, the high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere that described plasma generator producesFor H2O、N2、CO2、O2、H2With one or more in Ar, the flow velocity of described high-temperature plasma is1m/s-300m/s, temperature is 300K-5000K.
As further preferred, described reactor adopts thermostable transparent material to make, and it is cylinderBody or polyhedron, itself and described plasma generator adopt the embedded mode of refractory seals packing ring to sealConnect.
As further preferred, described stainless-steel pipe overcoat has water cold sleeve, and its diameter isD/20-D/4, the length that stretches into described reactor is D/10-2D/3, wherein, the internal diameter that D is reactor.
As further preferred, the carrier gas of carrying material enters in funnel through flowmeter.
As further preferred, the heating-up temperature of described heating element heater is 100K-2000K, and it is with solidThe length of fixed pattern heat-insulation layer is L/10-L/2, the total length that L is holding furnace.
As further preferred, described flue gas analysis device comprises connected successively air-introduced machine, dustCollector unit, dust-filtering unit and tail gas treating unit, described dust-filtering unit also divides with flue gasAnalysing instrument is connected.
As further preferred, described high-speed camera, CCD camera and flue gas analyzer are all by numberBe connected with computer according to line, to realize transfer of data and processing.
As further preferred, the heating rate adjustable range of described temperature elevation system is100K/s-100000K/s。
In general, the above technical scheme of conceiving by the present invention compared with prior art, mainPossess following technological merit:
1. the ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system with plasma as high temperature heat source, reactor in the present invention,Hot-gas temperature adjustable range is wide, and regulates easily, can in regulating temperature, ensure that gas is denseSpend constant; Reactor high temperature gas can adopt the gas of variety classes and different proportion, and plasma is sent outThe high-temperature plasma gas ratio that raw device produces is adjustable flexibly, can simulated air atmosphere, O2/CO2With oxygen enrichment characteristic atmosphere, coal gasification atmosphere or the coal liquefaction atmosphere such as O2/H2O, high-temperature plasma streamScooter 1m/s-300m/s, temperature can reach 300K-5000K, and material heating rate adjustable extent is100K/s-100000K/s。
2. in the present invention, add detachable heat-insulation layer, solid in reactor (except observation window) outsideFixed pattern heat-insulation layer and heating element heater, can effectively ensure that in reactor, plasma gas keeps high temperature, reactionHeat-insulation layer outside device adopts detachable, can arbitrarily regulate the position of watch window; Plasma generatorBe connected with high-temperature resistant seal ring embedded sealed with reactor, junction adopts water-cooled, connects closely;After utilizing ceramic rectifier to make high-temperature plasma warp, can produce uniform high temperature gas flow;
3. in the present invention, by high-speed camera being set and CCD camera can be realized material ignition phaseAnd the observation in after-flame stage, reactor, can in conjunction with high-speed camera, CCD camera and insertion-type thermocoupleEffectively measure flame profile, flame temperature and gaseous component, plasma burner and optical diagnostics dressPut coupling, can study combustion characteristics and the pollutant emission characteristic of material under plasma atmosphere; InsteadAnswer device outlet to be connected with flue gas analysis device, can effectively survey by dust collection unit and flue gas analyzerGaseous component (CO, CO after the burning of amount material2、CH4、SO2、NOX, NO etc.), thereby obtain thingThe burn-off rate of material and the formation characteristic of pollutant.
4. in the present invention, material is injected funnel by injecting type powder feeding equipment, carries material process through carrier gasStainless-steel pipe enters reactor, and wherein flow rate of carrier gas and powder-feeding amount are separately controlled, and stainless-steel pipeGo deep into reactor length variable, variable-length scope is D/10-2D/3, to ensure that material particles as far as possibleMove along reactor center; In general, temperature elevation system applied range of the present invention, not only suitableFor the Fast Heating in the energy, chemical industry, iron and steel, agricultural, Aero-Space, environmental protection and metallurgical class field,Also be applicable to the scientific research of material Fast Heating, can meet living beings, coal dust and solid waste etc.The ultrahigh speed of fuel heats up and heats.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of inlet duct in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation to powder device in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of reaction unit in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of flue gas analysis device in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawingAnd embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated. Should be appreciated that described herein concreteEmbodiment only, in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention. In addition described,Involved technical characterictic in each embodiment of the present invention just can as long as do not form to conflict each otherMutually to combine.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, this systemMainly comprise reaction unit C, inlet duct A, to powder device B and tetra-parts of flue gas analysis device D,Wherein, the environment that reaction unit C is used to material to provide ultrahigh speed to heat up heating, for example, be material combustionBurning provides the hot environment of enough 1400K, and inlet duct A is used to material burning that reacting gas is provided,Be used to reactor that continuous stable material is provided to powder device B, flue gas analysis device D is for inspectionSurvey and analyze the after-flame situation of material burning and the situation that discharges pollutants.
To one by one various piece be made a more detailed description and be illustrated below.
As shown in Figure 4, reaction unit C comprise reactor 13, thermocouple 14, image unit, etc. fromElectronic generator 5 and rectifier 6, reactor 13 packs in holding furnace, and reactor 13 internal diameters are D, lengthDegree is L1, thermal insulation furnace body overall length is L, and reactor 13 sides are provided with watch window 9, and holding furnace is by interiorTo comprising successively heating element heater 12, fixed heat-insulation layer 11 and detachable heat-insulation layer 10 outward, forBe convenient to observe heating element heater 12, fixed heat-insulation layer 11 and detachable heat-insulation layer 10 and observation windowMouth 9 corresponding positions need be emptied, to expose watch window 9; Thermocouple 14 is specially suction-type heatGalvanic couple, insert on its top from reactor 13, for measuring the central temperature of reactor 13 inside,Thereby the temperature of guaranteeing reactor 13 centers is enough high; Image unit is located at watch window 9 places and anti-Answer the top of device 13; Plasma generator 5 is tightly connected with reactor 13, and it is automatically controlled by plasmaUnit 4 is controlled, in rectifier 6 insertion reaction devices 13.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, reactor 13 adopts thermostable transparent material to make, concreteFor thermostable transparent quartz material, it is cylinder or polyhedron, work under temperature 1400K for a long timeDo, reactor 13 bottoms adopt refractory seals washer sealing to be connected with plasma generator 5, concreteAdopt embedded mode to be tightly connected; The detachable heat-insulation layer 10 of watch window 9 tops can be dismantled,So that longer observation interval to be provided; Rectifier 6 is specially ceramic rectifier, and is detachable, canRegularly pull down cleaning, be arranged at reactor 13 interior apart from spout 10mm place. Heating element heater 12 add hot temperatureDegree is for 100K-2000K, and the length of itself and fixed heat-insulation layer 11 is L/10-L/2; Described observation windowThe size of mouth is definite according to the form scope of high-speed camera, and this example is preferably 40mm × 40mm.
More specifically, image unit comprises high-speed camera 25 and CCD camera 18, and its high speed is taken the photographCamera 25 is located at watch window 9 places, and backlight is placed on its opposite, and CCD camera 18 is located at reactor13 top or watch window place, to realize material ignition phase and the observation in after-flame stage, and imaging,Then by colorimetric method, obtain furnace flame temperature branch information. High-speed camera 25, CCD camera18 are all connected with computer 24 by data wire 27. High-speed camera 25 and CCD camera 18 withThe combustion case of the speed record coal dust of 4000fps, by post-processed obtain its ignition delay time,Firing temperature, burning time.
As shown in Figure 2, inlet duct A comprises mixed gas unit 1 and multiple air supply unit 3, each air feedA kind of gas is supplied with to mixed gas unit 1 in unit 3, and each gas has the flowmeter 2 that it is corresponding, warpCross after different flow regulates and enter in mixed gas unit 1; Mixed gas unit 1 to multiple gases mix withForm mist, in it, be provided with the electrical heating elements that mist is heated, mixed gas unit 1Be connected with plasma generator 5 by the pipeline that is added with electrical heating heating tape 26.
Further, in the present embodiment, air supply unit is specially gas bomb, and gas is respectively H2O、N2、CO2、O2、H2With one or more in Ar, ratio can change flexibly, can simulated air atmosphere, O2/CO2And O2/H2The oxygen enrichment characteristic atmosphere such as O, coal gasification atmosphere or coal liquefaction atmosphere, mixed gas unit 1 providesMist after electrical heating heating tape 26, enter high-temperature plasma generator 5 and ionize, produce highTemperature plasma gas, high-temperature plasma gas enters reactor 13 after rectifier 6. More concrete, the high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere that plasma generator 5 produces can be H2O、N2、CO2、 O2Deng one or more, the flow velocity of high-temperature plasma is 1m/s-300m/s, adjustable temperature range is300K-5000K, the adjustable heating rate of temperature elevation system is 100K/s-100000K/s.
In actual mechanical process, select the H in air supply unit 32O air supply unit 3-1, N2Air supply unit3-2、CO2Air supply unit 3-3, O2Air supply unit 3-4, flowmeter 2-1,2-2 by separately, 2-3,2-4 enters mixed gas unit 1 in varing proportions to be mixed, mist be preheating to after 473K withThe flow of 1.6L/S enters the high-temperature plasma of ionization generation 1400K in plasma generator 5, soAfter enter reactor 13.
As shown in Figure 3, comprise funnel 15, powder feeding equipment 16 and stainless-steel pipe 7 to powder device B, givePowder device 16 is supplied with material in funnel 15, and material is delivered in stainless-steel pipe 7 under carrier gas is carried,Stainless-steel pipe 7 is tightly connected with reactor 13, and concrete stainless-steel pipe 7 levels are inserted reactor13 side, to solid fuels such as coal dust, living beings and solid waste in powder device B through stainless steelWhat steel pipe 7 was radially continuous is injected in reactor 13.
Further, the material of selecting in the embodiment of the present invention is coal dust, and powder feeding equipment 16 is injecting type,Coal dust is injected in funnel 15 by powder feeding equipment 16, and powder-feeding amount advances speed to determine by powder feeding equipment, carrier gas warpAfter flowmeter 17, the coal dust carrying in funnel 15 enters stainless-steel pipe 7, and the powder-feeding amount of material is0.01g/min-100g/min, and powder-feeding amount is adjustable, and carrier gas speed is controlled by flowmeter 17, the present inventionIn carrier gas speed and powder-feeding amount independently control. Concrete, stainless-steel pipe 7 overcoats have water cold sleeve 8,Its internal diameter is D/20-D/4, and the length that stretches into reactor 13 is D/10-2D/3, and internal diameter is preferably 6mm.
More specifically, carrier gas is specially air, and carrier gas speed is 1.3m/s, and powder-feeding amount is 0.05g/min.Coal dust enters reactor 13 by the stainless-steel pipe 7 of internal diameter 6mm, then by high-temperature plasma gasCarry rising, and light fast; In addition, funnel 15 is specially glass funnel.
As shown in Figure 5, flue gas analysis device D is connected with the top of reactor 13, for collecting and dividingAnalyse material and flue gas after burning, described flue gas analysis device D comprise connected successively air-introduced machine 19,Dust collection unit 20, dust-filtering unit 21 and tail gas treating unit 22, dust-filtering unit 21Also be connected with flue gas analyzer 23, flue gas analyzer 23 is connected with computer 24 by data wire 27,Add flue gas analysis device in reactor head, by dust collection unit 20 and flue gas analyzer 23Can obtain the burn-off rate of coal dust and the formation characteristic of pollutant.
To the specific operation process of material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system of the present invention be described in detail below.
First, the N2 air supply unit 3-2 in air supply unit 3, O2 air supply unit 3-4, by separatelyFlowmeter 2-2,2-4 enter mixed gas unit 1 with ratio 79:21 and mix, mist is by pre-Heat enters with the flow of 1.6L/S the height that ionizes generation 1400K in plasma generator 5 after 473KIsothermal plasma, then enters reactor 13; Suction-type thermocouple 14 inserts from top, for measuringReactor center temperature.
Secondly, give powder system B taking air as carrier gas, carrier gas speed is 1.3m/s, and material is coal dust,Coal dust powder-feeding amount is 0.05g/min, and coal dust is carried by the stainless-steel pipe 7 of internal diameter 6mm by airEnter reactor 13.
Again, the coal dust that enters reactor carries rising by high-temperature plasma gas, and lights combustion fastBurn.
Finally, high-speed camera 25 with 4000fps, CCD18 with the speed record coal dust of 100fpsCombustion case, obtains its ignition delay time and firing temperature, burning time by post-processed, logicalCross the generation spy that coal ash collecting device 20 and flue gas analyzer 23 obtain burn-off rate and the pollutant of coal dustProperty.
Carry out material intensification by material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system of the present invention, for different types of thingMaterial particle its adjustable heating rate scope is 100K/s-100000K/s, have temperature regulating range wide,The advantage such as simple in structure, easy to operate, be not only applicable to the energy, chemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, environmental protection,The Fast Heating in agricultural and Aero-Space class field, is also applicable to the scientific research of material Fast Heating, energyEnough meet the solid-fuelled ultrahigh speed intensification such as living beings, coal dust and solid waste heating.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand, the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention,Not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, etc.With replacement and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system, is characterized in that, described system comprise reaction unit (C),Inlet duct (A), to powder device (B) and flue gas analysis device (D), wherein:
Described reaction unit (C) comprise reactor (13), thermocouple (14), image unit, etc. fromElectronic generator (5) and rectifier (6), described reactor (13) packs in holding furnace, its sideBe provided with watch window (9), described holding furnace comprises heating element heater (12), fixed from the inside to the outside successivelyHeat-insulation layer (11) and detachable heat-insulation layer (10); Described thermocouple (14) is from the top of reactor (13)End inserts; Described image unit is located at that described watch window (9) is located and the top of reactor (13);Described plasma generator (5) is tightly connected with reactor (13), and described rectifier (6) embedsIn reactor (13);
Described inlet duct (A) comprises mixed gas unit (1) and multiple air supply unit (3), each confessionA kind of gas is supplied with to described mixed gas unit (1) in gas unit (3), and regulates by flowmeter (2)Gas flow; Described mixed gas unit (1) mixes to form mist to multiple gases, in itBe provided with the electrical heating elements that mist is heated, it is by being added with electrical heating heating tape (26)Pipeline be connected with described plasma generator (5);
Describedly comprise funnel (15), powder feeding equipment (16) and stainless-steel pipe (7) to powder device (B),Described powder feeding equipment (16) is supplied with material in funnel (15), and material is delivered to not under carrier gas is carriedIn rust steel steel pipe (7), described stainless-steel pipe (7) is tightly connected with reactor (13);
Described flue gas analysis device (D) is connected with the top of described reactor (13), and it is for collectingAnd material and flue gas composition after analytic combustion.
2. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described shootingUnit comprises high-speed camera (25) and CCD camera (18), wherein said high-speed camera (25)Be located at watch window (9) and locate, described CCD camera (18) is located at the top of reactor (13), withRealize material ignition phase and the observation in after-flame stage.
3. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described inThe high-temperature plasma gas atmosphere that plasma generator (5) produces is H2O、N2、CO2、O2、H2With one or more in Ar, the flow velocity of described high-temperature plasma is 1m/s-300m/s, and temperature is300K-5000K。
4. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described inReactor (13) adopts thermostable transparent material to make, and it be cylinder or polyhedron, itself and described inPlasma generator (5) adopts the embedded mode of refractory seals packing ring to be tightly connected.
5. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described stainlessSteel steel pipe (7) overcoat has water cold sleeve (8), and its internal diameter is D/20-D/4, stretches into described reactor(13) length is D/10-2D/3, and wherein, D is the internal diameter of reactor (13).
6. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, carries materialCarrier gas enter in funnel (15) through flowmeter (17).
7. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described heatingThe heating-up temperature of element (12) is 100K-2000K, and the length of itself and fixed heat-insulation layer (11) isL/10-L/2, the total length that L is holding furnace.
8. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that described flue gasAnalytical equipment (D) comprises connected successively air-introduced machine (19), dust collection unit (20), dustFilter element (21) and tail gas treating unit (22), described dust-filtering unit (21) is gone back and cigaretteGas analyzer (23) is connected.
9. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that described high speedVideo camera (25), CCD camera (18) and flue gas analyzer (23) all by data wire (27) withComputer (24) is connected, to realize transfer of data and processing.
10. material ultrahigh speed temperature elevation system as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that described intensificationThe adjustable range of the heating rate of system is 100K/s-100000K/s.
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