CN105603287A - Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN - Google Patents
Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105603287A CN105603287A CN201610092550.XA CN201610092550A CN105603287A CN 105603287 A CN105603287 A CN 105603287A CN 201610092550 A CN201610092550 A CN 201610092550A CN 105603287 A CN105603287 A CN 105603287A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- entropy alloy
- oxide
- alloy
- pcbn
- entropy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN. The binding agent is composed of, by mass, 30-65% of high-entropy alloy and 35-70% of oxide ceramic. The high-entropy alloy in the binding agent can form a high-mixing-entropy stable solid solution, multiple types of special effects are generated, such as a high-entropy effect on thermodynamics, a lattice deformation effect in structure, a synergistic effect among multiple components and a 'cocktail' effect in performance. Therefore, compared with traditional alloy, the high-entropy alloy can achieve homogenization and alloying more easily, the alloy melting point is lower, and excellent performance, such as high strength, high hardness, high abrasion resistance, high electric resistance, high thermal resistance and corrosion resistance, to which the traditional alloy is inferior is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (calling PCBN in the following text) superhard material manufacturing technology field, relate to specifically onePlant the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN vitrified bond.
Background technology
Manufacture now the bonding agent that polycrystalline cubic boron nitride uses, have three classes: 1. metallic bond, by metal or alloy groupBecome; 2. vitrified bond, only pottery composition. 3. cermet bonding agent, is made up of pottery and metal or alloy. Conventionally with a kind ofMetal and a kind of pottery composition, for example Ni-Si3N4. The alloy using, conventional bianry alloy, for example Ti-Al, uses ternary at the mostAlloy, for example Ti-Al-Mo.
The problem that existing PCBN bonding agent exists is: 1. glomerocryst sintering temperature and pressure are very high; Glomerocryst product hardness andInsufficient strength is high; 3. glomerocryst tissue and performance uniformity are poor, and product quality is stable not.
Owing to there are these problems, the application of PCBN glomerocryst product is restricted, and the glomerocryst of particularly using as cutter alsoDo not pass a test, to some hard tough alloy steel materials processing weak effects, also have some high-hardness metal materials to be difficult to processing. For example, addNo matter work cast iron, be dimond synneusis or PCBN glomerocryst now, and processing effect is all not ideal enough.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention provides a kind of PCBN special for existing weak point in above-mentioned prior art justOxide-base high-entropy alloy vitrified bond.
Object of the present invention can realize by following technique measures:
The special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN of the present invention vitrified bond is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, itsIn: high-entropy alloy 30%~65%, oxide ceramics 35%~70%. Preferred version is by high-entropy alloy 40%, oxide ceramics 60%Composition.
High-entropy alloy described in the present invention comprises the raw material composition of following mass percent, wherein: chromium 15%~25%, tungsten15%~25%, zirconium 15%~25%, cobalt 10%~20%, aluminium 10%~20%, and 0%~5% beryllium; And described high-entropy alloy is particle diameterThe powder particle of 5~40 μ m.
The preferred version of high-entropy alloy described in the present invention is by 5% group of chromium 25%, tungsten 20%, zirconium 20%, cobalt 15%, aluminium 15%, berylliumBecome.
Oxide ceramics described in the present invention is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, wherein: and aluminium oxide 55%~95%, zirconia 5%~45%; And described oxide ceramics is the powder particle of particle diameter 5~40 μ m.
The preferred version of oxide ceramics described in the present invention is by aluminium oxide 70%, and zirconia 30% forms.
Bonding agent consumption of the present invention is as follows: in the manufacturing process of the synthetic PCBN of high pressure-temperature, the high entropy of oxide-base closesThe mass ratio of gold vitrified bond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) batching is:
Bonding agent: CBN=15%~40%:60%~85%.
Preferred: bonding agent 20%, CBN80%.
High-entropy alloy of the present invention can form the solid solution that the high entropy of mixing is stable, produces multiple special effects, for example heatHigh entropic effect on mechanics, " the chicken tail in cooperative effect and performance between structural distortion of lattice effect, multicomponentWine " effect etc. Therefore, compared with conventional alloys, high-entropy alloy is more easily realized and being homogenized and alloying, and alloy melting point is lower,There is the incomparable excellent properties of some conventional alloys, for example high strength, high rigidity, high abrasion, high resistance, high thermal resistance,Corrosion resistance etc.
Therefore, high-entropy alloy is applied to PCBN high pressure-temperature sintering as bonding agent, is conducive to realize sintering process, reducesSintering condition (sintering pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time), improves and stable glomerocryst product quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1. reduce CBN glomerocryst sintering pressure and temperature. Traditional handicraft wirking pressure is 4.5~6.5GPa, be heated to 1450~1650 DEG C. Compared with original technique, apparent pressure (100MPa) reduces by 1~5MPa(and is equivalent to pressure decreased 1%~5%),Temperature declines 10~50 DEG C.
2. effectively improve PCBN polycrystalline quality. The glomerocryst of producing has high rigidity (Vickers hardness 38~50GPa), heightThe features such as intensity, high abrasion, corrosion resistance. The success of this glomerocryst is for the manufacture of cutting tool, can process both hard and tough resistance toThe ferrous materials such as high temperature difficult-to-cut alloy steel.
3. improved the stability of high pressure-temperature sintering process process and polycrystalline quality. Product excellence rate can improve 5%~10%, excellence rate reaches more than 90%.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below with reference to embodiment:
Embodiment 1
1, the preparation of high-entropy alloy powder:
(1) get by mass percentage: chromium 25%, tungsten 20%, zirconium 20%, cobalt 15%, aluminium 15%, beryllium 5%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) the compound method of high-entropy alloy powder can adopt one of following two kinds of methods to carry out:
One of method: use elemental metals mixed powder. This method is easy and simple to handle, and composition and the proportioning of bright requirement approved for distribution, prepare burdenAnd batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. The metal powder material mixing, can be used as the raw material for standby of bonding agent.
Two of method: use pre-alloyed powder. This method needs alloying in advance, then makes powder in order to using. In advanceMake high-entropy alloy powder in order to using. Implementation step is as follows: the formula of the high-entropy alloy 1. providing one of according to the method described aboveRequirement is prepared burden; 2. adopt the method for vacuum melting, the material preparing is placed in high temperature furnace, be smelted into high-entropy alloy; 3.Then adopt atomization, melted alloy is made to powder by atomization process, prepare against and use as bonding agent raw material.
2, prepare oxide ceramic
(1) get by mass percentage: aluminium oxide 70%, zirconia 30%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) compound method: the composition and the proportioning that require according to the present invention, prepare burden and batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, enterRow ball mill mixing. The ceramic powder mixing, can be used as the raw material of bonding agent in order to using.
3, the preparation of bonding agent powder
By ready above-mentioned bi-material, prepare burden according to the proportioning of high-entropy alloy 40% and oxide ceramics 60%, thenIn three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. Compound is properly preserved, and uses as the bonding agent of manufacturing PCBN.
Embodiment 2
1, the preparation of high-entropy alloy powder:
(1) get by mass percentage: chromium 25%, tungsten 24%, zirconium 20%, cobalt 14%, aluminium 14%, beryllium 3%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) the compound method of high-entropy alloy powder can adopt one of following two kinds of methods to carry out:
One of method: use elemental metals mixed powder. This method is easy and simple to handle, and composition and the proportioning of bright requirement approved for distribution, prepare burdenAnd batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. The metal powder material mixing, can be used as the raw material for standby of bonding agent.
Two of method: use pre-alloyed powder. This method needs alloying in advance, then makes powder in order to using. In advanceMake high-entropy alloy powder in order to using. Implementation step is as follows: the formula of the high-entropy alloy 1. providing one of according to the method described aboveRequirement is prepared burden; 2. adopt the method for vacuum melting, the material preparing is placed in high temperature furnace, be smelted into high-entropy alloy; 3.Then adopt atomization, melted alloy is made to powder by atomization process, prepare against and use as bonding agent raw material.
2, prepare oxide ceramic
(1) get by mass percentage: aluminium oxide 80%, zirconia 20%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) compound method: the composition and the proportioning that require according to the present invention, prepare burden and batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, enterRow ball mill mixing. The ceramic powder mixing, can be used as the raw material of bonding agent in order to using.
3, the preparation of bonding agent powder
By ready above-mentioned bi-material, prepare burden according to the proportioning of high-entropy alloy 35% and oxide ceramics 65%, thenIn three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. Compound is properly preserved, and uses as the bonding agent of manufacturing PCBN.
Embodiment 3
1, the preparation of high-entropy alloy powder:
(1) get by mass percentage: chromium 25%, tungsten 23%, zirconium 22%, cobalt 15%, aluminium 15%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) the compound method of high-entropy alloy powder can adopt one of following two kinds of methods to carry out:
One of method: use elemental metals mixed powder. This method is easy and simple to handle, issues as before the composition of bright requirement and joins
Ratio, prepares burden and batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. The metal powder material mixing, can be used as knotThe raw material for standby of mixture.
Two of method: use pre-alloyed powder. This method needs alloying in advance, then makes powder in order to using. In advanceMake high-entropy alloy powder in order to using. Implementation step is as follows: the formula of the high-entropy alloy 1. providing one of according to the method described aboveRequirement is prepared burden; 2. adopt the method for vacuum melting, the material preparing is placed in high temperature furnace, be smelted into high-entropy alloy; 3.Then adopt atomization, melted alloy is made to powder by atomization process, prepare against and use as bonding agent raw material.
2, prepare oxide ceramic
(1) get by mass percentage: aluminium oxide 85%, zirconia 15%.
(2) by the powder particle of pulverizing, screening operation becomes above-mentioned raw materials preparation particle diameter 20 μ m.
(3) compound method: the composition and the proportioning that require according to the present invention, prepare burden and batch mixing. In three-dimensional material mixer, enterRow ball mill mixing. The ceramic powder mixing, can be used as the raw material of bonding agent in order to using.
3, the preparation of bonding agent powder
By ready above-mentioned bi-material, prepare burden according to the proportioning of high-entropy alloy 40% and oxide ceramics 60%, thenIn three-dimensional material mixer, carry out ball mill mixing. Compound is properly preserved, and uses as the bonding agent of manufacturing PCBN.
Claims (5)
1. the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of a PCBN vitrified bond, is characterized in that: it is by following mass percentRaw material composition, wherein: high-entropy alloy 30%~65%, oxide ceramics 35%~70%.
2. the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN according to claim 1 vitrified bond, is characterized in that: described heightEntropy alloy comprises the raw material composition of following mass percent: wherein: chromium 15%~25%, tungsten 15%~25%, zirconium 15%~25%, cobalt10%~20%, aluminium 10%~20%, and 0%~5% beryllium; And described high-entropy alloy is the powder particle of particle diameter 5~40 μ m.
3. the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN according to claim 1 vitrified bond, is characterized in that: described heightEntropy alloy is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, wherein: chromium 25%, tungsten 20%, zirconium 20%, cobalt 15%, aluminium 15%, beryllium 5%.
4. the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN according to claim 1 vitrified bond, is characterized in that: described oxygenCompound pottery is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, wherein: aluminium oxide 55%~95%, zirconia 5%~45%; And instituteState the powder particle that oxide ceramics is particle diameter 5~40 μ m.
5. the special oxide-base high-entropy alloy of PCBN according to claim 1 vitrified bond, is characterized in that: described oxygenCompound pottery is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, wherein: aluminium oxide 70%, zirconia 30%.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610092550.XA CN105603287A (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610092550.XA CN105603287A (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105603287A true CN105603287A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
Family
ID=55983622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610092550.XA Pending CN105603287A (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105603287A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110257681A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | A kind of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride compound sheets and preparation method thereof |
CN110899712A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-24 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | Aluminum-iron-containing high-entropy alloy suitable for additive manufacturing and modification method thereof |
CN114351026A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 富耐克超硬材料股份有限公司 | Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composite material |
CN115710690A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-02-24 | 江苏伊斯达尔精密科技有限公司 | Oxidation-resistant cermet material and preparation method thereof |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101215663A (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-07-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-entropy alloy-base composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN101307465A (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2008-11-19 | 中山大学 | Method for preparing high entropy alloy magnetic materials |
CN101418394A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-29 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Superhard composite material and method for preparation thereof |
CN102787267A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-21 | 四川大学 | Multiple boride metal ceramic based on high-entropy alloy adhesion agent and preparation method thereof |
CN102787266A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-21 | 四川大学 | Titanium carbonitride based metal ceramic based on high-entropy alloy binder phase and preparation method of metal ceramic |
CN102796933A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-28 | 四川大学 | High-entropy alloy binder phase-based nitrogen-containing hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN103334065A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-10-02 | 清华大学 | High-entropy amorphous alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN103394685A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-20 | 贵州大学 | Alloy powder for manufacturing high-entropy alloy coatings, and manufacturing method and application for alloy powder |
CN103567663A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 西安理工大学 | High-entropy alloy welding wire for welding titanium-steel and preparation method thereof |
CN103567654A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 西安理工大学 | Welding material and welding method for titanium-steel composite board |
CN103589882A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-02-19 | 东南大学 | Blocky high-entropy metallic glass and preparation method thereof |
CN104120325A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-29 | 北京科技大学 | Low thermal expansion coefficient NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN105063455A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-18 | 珠海市钜鑫科技开发有限公司 | Cutter material containing cubic boron nitride, ceramics and metal and preparation method of cutter material |
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 CN CN201610092550.XA patent/CN105603287A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101418394A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-29 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Superhard composite material and method for preparation thereof |
CN101215663A (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-07-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-entropy alloy-base composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN101307465A (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2008-11-19 | 中山大学 | Method for preparing high entropy alloy magnetic materials |
CN102787267A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-21 | 四川大学 | Multiple boride metal ceramic based on high-entropy alloy adhesion agent and preparation method thereof |
CN102787266A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-21 | 四川大学 | Titanium carbonitride based metal ceramic based on high-entropy alloy binder phase and preparation method of metal ceramic |
CN102796933A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-28 | 四川大学 | High-entropy alloy binder phase-based nitrogen-containing hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN103334065A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-10-02 | 清华大学 | High-entropy amorphous alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN103394685A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-20 | 贵州大学 | Alloy powder for manufacturing high-entropy alloy coatings, and manufacturing method and application for alloy powder |
CN103567663A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 西安理工大学 | High-entropy alloy welding wire for welding titanium-steel and preparation method thereof |
CN103567654A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 西安理工大学 | Welding material and welding method for titanium-steel composite board |
CN103589882A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-02-19 | 东南大学 | Blocky high-entropy metallic glass and preparation method thereof |
CN104120325A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-29 | 北京科技大学 | Low thermal expansion coefficient NaMxAlySiz high entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN105063455A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-18 | 珠海市钜鑫科技开发有限公司 | Cutter material containing cubic boron nitride, ceramics and metal and preparation method of cutter material |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110257681A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | A kind of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride compound sheets and preparation method thereof |
CN110257681B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-05-19 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composite sheet and preparation method thereof |
CN110899712A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-24 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | Aluminum-iron-containing high-entropy alloy suitable for additive manufacturing and modification method thereof |
CN114351026A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 富耐克超硬材料股份有限公司 | Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composite material |
CN115710690A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-02-24 | 江苏伊斯达尔精密科技有限公司 | Oxidation-resistant cermet material and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1986116B (en) | RE-containing pre-alloy powder | |
JP6439975B2 (en) | Cermet manufacturing method | |
CN105603287A (en) | Oxide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binding agent special for PCBN | |
CN101008064A (en) | Whisker plasticizing tungsten carbide-cobalt base hard alloy material and its preparation process | |
CN103924145B (en) | A kind of soap-free emulsion polymeization phase carboloy and preparation method thereof | |
CN110576255B (en) | Friction stir welding stirring head and preparation method thereof | |
CN102133640A (en) | Method for preparing diamond tool bit from iron-based pre-alloyed powder | |
CN105671406A (en) | Nitride-based high-entropy alloy ceramic binder special for PCBN | |
CN107641725B (en) | A kind of ferrosilite based ceramic metal and preparation method thereof | |
CN105734388A (en) | Boride-based high-entropy alloy ceramic bond special for polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) | |
CN102329975A (en) | Super-hard material and preparation method thereof | |
CN105624513A (en) | Dedicated carbide-based high-entropy alloy ceramic bond for PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) | |
CN109628786B (en) | Forming preparation method of high-temperature-resistant strengthening and toughening Ti (C, N) -based metal ceramic product | |
CN105112756A (en) | Titanium carbonitride composited alumina cermet of cutting tool and preparation method thereof | |
JP2523452B2 (en) | High strength cubic boron nitride sintered body | |
CN105710380A (en) | Aluminum-contained metal printing powder and preparation method thereof | |
CN105986139A (en) | Novel titanium carbide metal ceramic and preparation method thereof | |
CN102162058B (en) | Hard alloy taking nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound Ni3Al as binding phase and preparation method thereof | |
JPS63145726A (en) | Production of cubic boron nitride-base ultra-high pressure sintereo material for cutting tool | |
JP2006111947A (en) | Ultra-fine particle of cermet | |
CN1321210C (en) | Method for mfg. W-Co-Ti hard alloy | |
Zhang et al. | Structure and mechanical properties of impregnated diamond cutting tools using Cu-based metal matrix | |
CN110923590A (en) | SiC whisker toughened superfine hard alloy and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN104233041A (en) | Light-weight high-strength wear-resisting powder metallurgy steel-based composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
CN109972017B (en) | Cemented carbide tool material for high-speed cutting and method for manufacturing cemented carbide tool |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160525 |