CN105601375A - Method for producing organic fertilizer from cotton straws - Google Patents
Method for producing organic fertilizer from cotton straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN105601375A CN105601375A CN201510969656.9A CN201510969656A CN105601375A CN 105601375 A CN105601375 A CN 105601375A CN 201510969656 A CN201510969656 A CN 201510969656A CN 105601375 A CN105601375 A CN 105601375A
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- cotton stalk
- fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing an organic fertilizer from cotton straws. The method comprises the steps of crushing the cotton straws, feeding the cotton straws into an applicator, adding foamed acid, stirring uniformly, and conveying the cotton straws into a dryer by a stranding cage conveyer for drying until the cotton straws are completely carbonized; then adding an alkaline fertilizer AF, performing stirring and mixing uniformly, performing extrusion granulation to prepare columnar particles, and performing polishing and shaping to form spherical particles; and finally performing low-temperature drying, air-cooling and screening to obtain the granular organic fertilizer. According to the organic fertilizer produced with the method, the content of organic matters is more than 45%, the effective nutriment content of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 17%, the pH value is more than 5.5 and less than 7, the water content is less than 10%, and Each index meets the organic fertilizer industry standards (NY525-2012).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of fertilizer, a kind of specifically method of utilizing cotton stalk to produce fertilizer,Belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Cotton stalk is the byproduct of Cotton Production, mainly contains thick organic matter 90.9% (wherein cellulose 44.1% left and right, halfCellulose 10.7% left and right, lignin 15.2% left and right, crude protein 6.5% left and right), calcium 0.65% left and right, nitrogen 1.31% left and right,Phosphorus 0.06% left and right and potassium 0.5% left and right, its output is large, distributes wide, can be applied to papermaking, bioenergy, fertilizer and edibleThe fields such as bacterium cultivation. But result shows: within 2012, Shandong Province's cotton gross area is 7.0 × 105hm2, the whole province's cotton stalk resource approximately3.4×109Kg, wherein accounts for 57.93% as life fuel, accounts for 14.64% as fuel used to generate electricity, makes fiberboard raw material and accounts for 8.72%, makesPaper fuel accounts for 7.50%, and straw-returning accounts for 4.82%, makes charcoal raw material and accounts for 1.76%, makes edible mushroom base-material and accounts for 1.75%, fermentsFeed accounts for 0.63%, discards and accounts for 2.32%. As can be seen from the above, quite the cotton stalk of vast scale does not obtain rationally at presentUtilize, stalk resource waste is serious.
Cotton stalk contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, can be used as the important organic fertilizer resource in cotton field. Fertilizer at presentChange and utilize taking straw-returning as main: the one, direct returning to farmland, with straw-returning machinery or reducing mechanism, pulverizes stalk on the spot and (cutsDisconnected), evenly shed in soil surface, then plough and bury also field; The 2nd, field also indirectly, comprise stack retting also field, also cross abdomenField, natural pond slag be field etc. also. Cotton stalk is degenerated because containing the main matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin difficult decomposition, directlyThere is the problems such as utilization rate is low, the transformation period long, stalk easily carries disease germs in straw-returning. Indirectly go back field mode through heap corruption etc. and transform effectFruit is also poor, also has a lot of problems on fertilizer utilization.
Summary of the invention
For the also deficiency of field mode of existing cotton stalk, the invention provides a kind of side that utilizes cotton stalk to produce fertilizerMethod. The method is that a kind of new cotton stalk utilizes mode, and it is that cotton stalk is first carried out after fragmentation, then through persulfuric acid carbonizationAnd add in alkaline fertilizer AF and the step such as granulation is produced fertilizer. The fertilizer that the method is produced can reach national requirementsFertilizer professional standard (NY5225-2012).
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method of utilizing cotton stalk to produce fertilizer, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
(1) raw material is prepared
Pulverize cotton stalk: first adopt stalk crasher once to pulverize cotton stalk, then adopt the broken sub-wire machine of cotton stalk secondary powderBroken being crushed to below 0.35cm;
Prepare foamed acid: in water, add sulfuric acid and bleeding agent (the 1% APEO aqueous solution) to stir, be mixed with sulfuric acidConcentration is that 9.5～10wt%, APEO concentration are 0.022～0.028wt% foamed acid is for subsequent use;
(2) sulfuric acid acidation
Utilize conveyer belt that broken cotton stalk is delivered in feed hopper, and in quantitative feeding applicator, by cotton stalk and bubbleFoam acid is sent drying machine drying to by cage conveyer after stirring in applicator according to the ratio of weight ratio 58～62:1,Dry to cotton stalk carbonization, and moisture content is 12～14%;
(3) neutralization
Cotton stalk after carbonization adds alkaline fertilizer AF (nitrogen phosphorus potassium total content 37%, pH9.2) by weight the ratio of 6:5,Be uniformly mixed;
(4) granulation
Material after mixing is fed uniformly and in extruder grain, is made cylindrical particle by disk feeder, then polishing is shaped to sphericalGrain, finally by low temperature drying (≤100 DEG C), air-cooled and screening after obtain granular organic fertilizer.
Preferably, dryer is roller dryer, and import hot blast temperature is 195～210 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 75～90 DEG C.The time of staying of cotton stalk in dryer is controlled at 15 ± 3 minutes.
The fertilizer that utilizes this method to produce: content of organic matter > 45%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium available nutrient content >=17%, 5.5 < pH< 7, moisture is lower than 10%, and indices all meets fertilizer professional standard (NY525-2012).
Alkaline fertilizer AF is researched and developed by Guangdong province universities environmental friendly fertilizer engineering center, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total content37%, pH9.2, wherein basic nitrogen phosphorus potassium is (synthetic without soda taking hydroxycarbamide as raw material by nitrogenous 28.0% alkaline fertilizerNitrogenous fertilizer), containing P2O518% calcium magnesium phosphate, containing K2The K of O65.1%2CO3The melting complex fertilizer of 1:1:1 in mass ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, in cotton stalk, mainly contain the carbohydrate such as cellulose, hemicellulose, crop cannot directly absorb, and usesFoamed acid at high temperature becomes the concentrated sulfuric acid, and these substance oxidation dehydrations are formed to charcoal (being carbonization), becomes organic carbon, simultaneouslyMake to contain in carbide a certain amount of elementary sulfur; Sulfuric acid carbonization cotton stalk provides new way for cotton stalk is converted into fertilizer,Realize and having turned waste into wealth;
2, the foamed acid viscosity of the present invention's preparation is high, filter loss is little, slow and shunting effect is good, can increase acid solution process rangeAnd improve the suction acid amount contradiction between high less permeable layer, improve acidizing effect, and use safety;
3, cotton stalk carbide pH < 2, can not directly utilize. Alkaline fertilizer (AF) on the one hand in and the acidity of carbide,Improve on the other hand the content of fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
(1) cotton stalk processing:
Once pulverize: cotton stalk is pulverized to (model 9F-68 type cotton straw crushing machine, screen cloth φ 0.5);
Separating twice: use the broken sub-wire machine of JHXF type cotton stalk, be crushed to φ below 0.35;
(2) prepare foamed acid: its feed system is made up of complex acid tank, the sour tank of confession and sour pump. In complex acid tank by the concentrated sulfuric acid (96%Industrial sulphuric acid), bleeding agent (1% APEO) and water is by weight water: the concentrated sulfuric acid: bleeding agent=100:11.3:2.8Ratio mixed preparing good, carry out obtaining foamed acid after mechanical agitation, be then pumped into for sour tank for carbonization cotton stalk by sour pumpUse; For acid amount number by ball valve control, can adjust at any time for acid amount according to stalk amount;
(3) utilize conveyer belt that broken cotton stalk is delivered in feed hopper, and in quantitative feeding applicator, can be according to cottonStalk amount is adjusted foamed acid consumption, and general weight ratio is 60:1. Applicator can stir cotton stalk and foamed acid fully,Flow to uniformly again dryer. Wherein feed hopper model is Y1000 (1000 cubic metres of volumes of Y type); The structure of applicatorSee utility model patent 88207368.0 (applicant: Chinese Designing Institute of Agriculture Engineering, denomination of invention: cottonseed delinting, essenceOptional equipment), adopt buncher;
(4) cage conveyer (L=6 rice) the sour stalk that contains that just applicator transports is sent dryer to;
(5) dry carbonization: dryer can carry out adjusting angle according to output and carbonization effect, damper size, changes cottonThe time of staying of stalk in dryer, make it be controlled at 15 minutes. Dry the wetting stalk of function dried foam acid fast,Can make the moisture content of stalk drop to 12-14% by 20-25%, simultaneously can carbonization stalk, import hot blast temperature is 195～210 DEG C, outlet temperature is 75～90 DEG C; The technical indicator of dryer is: carbon steel L1300,Rotatable drum, L=20Rice, 1.5 meters of diameters;
(6) in and nitrogen pick-up phosphorus potassium: the stalk after carbonization is sent into mixer by conveyer belt, adds alkaline fertilizer AF (nitrogen phosphorus potassiumTotal content 37%, pH9.2), the stalk after carbonization by weight: alkaline fertilizer AF=6:5 mixes; Mixer is JB-1500Pneumatic blender;
(7) granulation: the material after mixing feeds uniformly (organic fertilizer granulator) in extruder grain by rotary disc feeder and makes postShape particle; Cylindrical particle (diameter and equal in length) polishing is shaped to spherical particle by cylindrical particle trimmer, sent by belt feederEnter oven dry, cooling, screening machine (three-in-one integral machine), particle carries out low temperature drying (≤100 DEG C) at the leading portion of Drying and cooling screening machine,Then enter cooling section and carry out air-cooledly, abundant cooled material enters the screen cloth that is arranged on cylindrical shell tail end by powder and bulky grain sieveGo out, return to mixing granulation system; Finished particle is transported to finished product bin by elevator, measures, is packaged into through packaging systemStorehouse.
The fertilizer that utilizes this method to produce: content of organic matter > 45%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium available nutrient content >=17%, 5.5 <PH < 7, moisture is lower than 10%, and indices all meets fertilizer professional standard (NY525-2012).
In Linqing experiment station of Shandong Cotton Research Center, taking Shandong cotton No. 28 for testing kind, execute this fertilizer 200 public affairs with every mu of baseJin is to process, to execute same barnyard manure as contrast, in triplicate, other apply fertilizer (flowering and boll-setting period imposes 20 kilograms, urea) and control measuresIdentical, result of the test is respectively sub-lint yield and is respectively 376.5 kgs/acre, 376.1 kgs/acre and 363.6 kgs/acre,Respectively than contrast volume increase 16.5%, 16.1% and 12.5%.
Embodiment 2 (unit type is with embodiment 1)
(1) cotton stalk processing:
Once pulverize: cotton stalk is pulverized;
Separating twice: use the broken sub-wire crusher machine of JHXF type cotton stalk to φ below 0.35;
(2) prepare foamed acid: its feed system is made up of complex acid tank, the sour tank of confession and sour pump. In complex acid tank by the concentrated sulfuric acid (95%Industrial sulphuric acid), bleeding agent (1% APEO) and water is by weight water: the concentrated sulfuric acid: bleeding agent=100:11.5:2.9Ratio mixed preparing good, carry out obtaining foamed acid after mechanical agitation, be then pumped into for sour tank for carbonization cotton stalk by sour pumpUse; For acid amount number by ball valve control, can adjust at any time for acid amount according to stalk amount;
(3) utilize conveyer belt that broken cotton stalk is delivered in feed hopper, and in quantitative feeding applicator, can be according to cottonStalk amount is adjusted foamed acid consumption, and general weight ratio is 59:1. Applicator can stir cotton stalk and foamed acid fully,Flow to uniformly again dryer;
(4) the cage conveyer sour stalk that contains that just applicator transports is sent dryer to;
(5) dry carbonization: dryer can carry out adjusting angle according to output and carbonization effect, damper size, changes cottonThe time of staying of stalk in dryer, make it be controlled at 16 minutes. Dry the wetting stalk of function dried foam acid fast,Can make the moisture content of stalk drop to 12-14% by 20-25%, simultaneously can carbonization stalk, import hot blast temperature is 195～210 DEG C, outlet temperature is 75～90 DEG C;
(6) in and nitrogen pick-up phosphorus potassium: the stalk after carbonization is sent into mixer by conveyer belt, adds alkaline fertilizer AF (nitrogen phosphorus potassiumTotal content 37%, pH9.2), mix by weight 6:5;
(7) granulation: the material after mixing feeds uniformly (organic fertilizer granulator) in extruder grain by rotary disc feeder and makes postShape particle; Cylindrical particle (diameter and equal in length) polishing is shaped to spherical particle by cylindrical particle trimmer, sent by belt feederEnter oven dry, cooling, screening machine (three-in-one integral machine), particle carries out low temperature drying (≤100 DEG C) at the leading portion of Drying and cooling screening machine,Then enter cooling section and carry out air-cooledly, abundant cooled material enters the screen cloth that is arranged on cylindrical shell tail end by powder and bulky grain sieveGo out, return to mixing granulation system; Finished particle is transported to finished product bin by elevator, measures, is packaged into through packaging systemStorehouse.
The fertilizer that utilizes this method to produce: content of organic matter > 45%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium available nutrient content >=17%, 5.5 <PH < 7, moisture is lower than 10%, and indices all meets fertilizer professional standard (NY525-2012).
Embodiment 3 (unit type is with embodiment 1)
(1) cotton stalk processing:
Once pulverize: cotton stalk is pulverized;
Separating twice: use the broken sub-wire crusher machine of JHXF type cotton stalk to φ below 0.35;
(2) prepare foamed acid: its feed system is made up of complex acid tank, the sour tank of confession and sour pump. In complex acid tank by the concentrated sulfuric acid (97%Industrial sulphuric acid), bleeding agent (1% APEO) and water is by weight water: the concentrated sulfuric acid: bleeding agent=100:11.2:2.8Ratio mixed preparing good, carry out obtaining foamed acid after mechanical agitation, be then pumped into for sour tank for carbonization cotton stalk by sour pumpUse; For acid amount number by ball valve control, can adjust at any time for acid amount according to stalk amount;
(3) utilize conveyer belt that broken cotton stalk is delivered in feed hopper, and in quantitative feeding applicator, can be according to cottonStalk amount is adjusted foamed acid consumption, and general weight ratio is 61:1. Applicator can stir cotton stalk and foamed acid fully,Flow to uniformly again dryer;
(4) the cage conveyer sour stalk that contains that just applicator transports is sent dryer to;
(5) dry carbonization: dryer can carry out adjusting angle according to output and carbonization effect, damper size, changes cottonThe time of staying of stalk in dryer, make it be controlled at 14 minutes. Dry the wetting stalk of function dried foam acid fast,Can make the moisture content of stalk drop to 12-14% by 20-25%, simultaneously can carbonization stalk, import hot blast temperature is 195～210 DEG C, outlet temperature is 75～90 DEG C;
(6) in and nitrogen pick-up phosphorus potassium: the stalk after carbonization is sent into mixer by conveyer belt, adds alkaline fertilizer AF (nitrogen phosphorus potassiumTotal content 37%, pH9.2), mix by weight 6:5;
(7) granulation: the material after mixing feeds uniformly (organic fertilizer granulator) in extruder grain by rotary disc feeder and makes postShape particle; Cylindrical particle (diameter and equal in length) polishing is shaped to spherical particle by cylindrical particle trimmer, sent by belt feederEnter oven dry, cooling, screening machine (three-in-one integral machine), particle carries out low temperature drying (≤100 DEG C) at the leading portion of Drying and cooling screening machine,Then enter cooling section and carry out air-cooledly, abundant cooled material enters the screen cloth that is arranged on cylindrical shell tail end by powder and bulky grain sieveGo out, return to mixing granulation system; Finished particle is transported to finished product bin by elevator, measures, is packaged into through packaging systemStorehouse.
The fertilizer that utilizes this method to produce: content of organic matter > 45%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium available nutrient content >=17%, 5.5 <PH < 7, moisture is lower than 10%, and indices all meets fertilizer professional standard (NY525-2012).
Claims (4)
1. utilize cotton stalk to produce a method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) raw material is prepared
Pulverize cotton stalk: first adopt stalk crasher once to pulverize cotton stalk, then adopt the broken sub-wire machine of cotton stalk secondary powderBroken being crushed to below 0.35cm;
Prepare foamed acid: in water, add sulfuric acid and the 1% APEO aqueous solution to stir, be mixed with sulfuric acid concentration and be 9.5～The foamed acid that 10wt%, APEO concentration are 0.022～0.028wt% is for subsequent use;
(2) sulfuric acid acidation
Utilize conveyer belt that broken cotton stalk is delivered in feed hopper, and feed in applicator, cotton stalk and foamed acid are pressedAfter stirring in applicator according to the ratio of weight ratio 58～62:1, send drying machine drying to by cage conveyer, dry extremelyCotton stalk carbonization, and moisture content is 12～14%;
(3) neutralization
Cotton stalk after carbonization adds alkaline fertilizer AF by weight the ratio of 6:5, is uniformly mixed;
(4) granulation
Material after mixing is fed uniformly and in extruder grain, is made cylindrical particle by disk feeder, then polishing is shaped to sphericalGrain, finally by low temperature drying, air-cooled and screening after obtain granular organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of method of utilizing cotton stalk to produce fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step (2)Dryer be roller dryer, import hot blast temperature is 195～210 DEG C, outlet temperature is 75～90 DEG C.
3. a kind of method of utilizing cotton stalk to produce fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that described step (2)The time of staying of cotton stalk in dryer is controlled at 15 ± 3 minutes.
4. a kind of method of utilizing cotton stalk to produce fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step (4)Low temperature drying be≤100 DEG C of oven dry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510969656.9A CN105601375A (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Method for producing organic fertilizer from cotton straws |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510969656.9A CN105601375A (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Method for producing organic fertilizer from cotton straws |
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| CN105601375A true CN105601375A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038741A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-01-17 | 中国农业工程研究设计院 | Technology of stripping fluff from cottonseed with foam acid |
| CN1281835A (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2001-01-31 | 南京农业大学 | Method for decomposing stalks and straws of crops and fertilizer made of them |
| CN103547550A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2014-01-29 | 苏尔瓦里斯股份有限公司 | Conversion of acid gas to sulphate or phosphate-based fertilizers |
| CN104829303A (en) * | 2015-04-11 | 2015-08-12 | 铜陵家宴生态农业发展有限公司 | Rough-wrought charing bagasse fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 CN CN201510969656.9A patent/CN105601375A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038741A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-01-17 | 中国农业工程研究设计院 | Technology of stripping fluff from cottonseed with foam acid |
| CN1281835A (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2001-01-31 | 南京农业大学 | Method for decomposing stalks and straws of crops and fertilizer made of them |
| CN103547550A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2014-01-29 | 苏尔瓦里斯股份有限公司 | Conversion of acid gas to sulphate or phosphate-based fertilizers |
| CN104829303A (en) * | 2015-04-11 | 2015-08-12 | 铜陵家宴生态农业发展有限公司 | Rough-wrought charing bagasse fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160525 |