CN105599079B - 一种木材防腐剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种木材防腐剂的制备方法，（1）将秸秆、松叶以及复合有机溶媒放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度到150度并保持一定时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物A，（2）将互花米草、梧桐叶、蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10‑16份蒸馏水热至80‑85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到酶解液B,（3）取上述液体产物A1L以酶解液B0.2L及混合，并加入木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在6.5到7.5。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种木材防腐剂的制备方法，属于木材技术领域。
背景技术
我国是一个木材消费大国，但每年防腐处理木材总量仅约60万m3，不足木材产量的1％，国外一般在10％左右，与世界发达国家和准发达国家相比，差距甚远。因此，为了保证我国经济健康持续发展，节约我国有限的森林资源，必须加大力度发展我国的木材防腐工业。
目前国内外木材防腐剂主要包括油类防腐剂、油载防腐剂和水载防腐剂3类，使用最为广泛的是水载防腐剂。油类防腐剂除了对人畜的毒性以及对环境的影响之外，其另一个主要缺点是处理后制品表面污染，同时具有刺激味，这些缺点限制了油类防腐剂的应用范围。油载防腐剂由于能源危机，使得其处理成本昂贵，在处理过程中有机溶剂挥发易造成环境污染和引起火灾，因而在许多应用场合油载防腐剂逐渐被水载防腐剂所取代。CCA(加铬砷酸铜)是近年来应用最为广泛的水载防腐剂，价格便宜，处理后防腐性能、力学性能和表面涂饰性能良好,抗流失性强。但是由于其毒性，欧洲、美国、日本已逐渐禁止其在民用场合使用。除了CCA，其他含有砷或铬的防腐剂也面临着同样的问题。美国KOPPERS ARCH、CSI、OSMOSE、德国Dr Wolman、比利时Janssen等公司进行了新木材防腐剂的研发，其中季铵铜系列(ACQ-C及ACQ-B)、CuHDO、三唑等据说最有望取代CCA，并已进入实用。但根据相关研究，此类防腐剂对靶标作用不如铜铬砷类有效，成本相对较高，而且气味较重，影响操作。无机硼类木材防腐剂使用也有50年左右的历史,它的优点是低毒性和广谱抗菌性，但是抗流失性很差，为提高硼化物在木材中的固着性能，美国、日本等展开对硼化物的分子结构进行化学修饰的研究。我国现每年用Creosote处理的枕木和电杆约20万m3，用硼化物处理木材总量每年为25万～30万m3。近5年来,农用材、园林用材等室外防腐木材以及建筑结构材发展较快,使用的防腐剂主要为CCA,另外一些高毒防腐剂，特别是国际上已被禁止使用或限制使用的例如林丹、五氯酚与五氯酚钠仍在我国使用，目前北方有数量巨大的小麦和玉米的秸秆资源，目前还没有一种能够运用小麦和玉米的秸秆作为主原料来解决木材防腐的环保型保护剂。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种木材防腐剂的制备方法，制剂制备简便，以秸秆、松叶和互花米草为主要原料制备防腐剂，防腐效果良好，制备成本低。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种木材防腐剂的制备方法，(1)将秸秆、松叶以及复合有机溶媒放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度到150度并保持一定时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物A，
(2)将互花米草、梧桐叶、蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10-16份蒸馏水热至80-85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到酶解液B,
(3)取上述液体产物A1L以酶解液B0.2L及混合，并加入木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在6.5到7.5。
所述复合有机溶媒为聚乙二醇、丙二醇、无水乙醇、二甲基乙酰胺、苯甲醇的任意一种。
所述秸秆为麦秆或者玉米杆。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明主要原料为秸秆、松叶、互花米草，成本低廉，特别适合在北方小麦主产区，麦秆产量大，互花米草、梧桐叶、蒲公英酶解液与秸秆、松叶的有机溶剂混合并加入木醋液，并通过pH调节剂使液体调pH在7左右，使得溶剂处于中性，稳定性高，通过实验表明，本溶剂具有良好的防腐性能，特别对杨木具有很好的防腐性，并且无毒，环保型高，不含有有砷或铬等有毒物质。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：将1000g秸秆、200g松叶浸泡丙二醇放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度并保持2小时时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物-生物油和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物A,取上述液体产物1L，
将500g互花米草、100g梧桐叶、100g蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10-16份蒸馏水热至80-85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到酶解液B0.2L，取1L液体产物A,和0.2L酶解液B并加入30g的木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在7左右。
实施例2：将1000g秸秆、400g松叶浸泡丙二醇放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度并保持2小时时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物-生物油和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物A,取上述液体产物1L，
将300g互花米草、100g梧桐叶、100g蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10-16份蒸馏水热至80-85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到酶解液B0.2L，取1L液体产物A,和0.2L酶解液B并加入30g的木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在7左右。
实施例3：与实施例1的区别是复合有机溶媒为二甲基乙酰胺，加入50g的木醋液.
对比例1：将1000g秸秆、200g松叶浸泡丙二醇放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度并保持2小时时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物-生物油和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物。
对比例2：将互花米草、梧桐叶、蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10-16份蒸馏水热至80-85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到酶解液。
对比例3：将200g秸秆1000g松叶浸泡丙二醇放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度并保持一定时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物-生物油和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物,取上述液体产物1L，并加入30g的木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在7左右。
实验效果：
取新采伐的杨木去皮，其表面均涂上不同种类的防腐剂，涂布厚度为2mm，用塑料薄膜堆放20天，再拆除塑料膜，置于25度，湿度90％条件下，观察式样的防腐、防霉效果，以开始霉变的时间以及两个月后板材霉变面积占总面积的比值来评价仿佛效果，以开始虫蛀时间和5个月后虫蛀面积占总面积的比值来评价防虫效果，如表
实施例组与对比例组相对比，具有明显的防腐效果，实施例组的防腐效果接近CCA组和ACQ-C组。
Claims (1)
1.一种木材防腐剂的制备方法，其特征在于，制备方法为：将1000g秸秆、200g松叶浸泡二甲基乙酰胺放入高压釜中,迅速加热到120度并保持2 小时时间，反应后得到秸秆液化产物-生物油和残渣,滤液进行蒸馏，静置，将最终得到的液体产物A，
将500g互花米草、100g梧桐叶、100g蒲公英混合进行微粉碎，并用20目的筛网进行过筛，弃掉粗大原料形成原料，将上述原料加入10-16份蒸馏水热至80-85℃，然后加入0.0005份的甘露聚糖酶进行酶解，得到0.2L酶解液B，
取1L液体产物A和0.2L酶解液B并加入50g 的木醋液，缓慢加入pH调节剂使液体调pH在7。
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