CN105591389B - Distributed power supply voltage control method based on hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system - Google Patents

Distributed power supply voltage control method based on hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system Download PDF

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CN105591389B
CN105591389B CN201610079554.4A CN201610079554A CN105591389B CN 105591389 B CN105591389 B CN 105591389B CN 201610079554 A CN201610079554 A CN 201610079554A CN 105591389 B CN105591389 B CN 105591389B
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agent
voltage
section
distributed power
power supply
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CN105591389A (en
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季宇
刘海涛
苏剑
吴红斌
吴鸣
李洋
李鹏
于辉
孙丽敬
吕志鹏
李蕊
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J13/0013—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid layered multi-agent system, which comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a mixed hierarchical multi-agent system; (2) the distributed power supply cluster agent obtains the voltage maximum value of each line; (3) simplifying a power flow model; (4) and judging the voltage of the line node, if the voltage of the node is lower than a voltage limit value, performing boosting processing, and if the voltage of the node is higher than the voltage limit value, performing voltage reduction processing. The invention reduces the task amount of a single Agent, shortens the calculation time, simplifies the algorithm, reduces the communication data amount and shortens the communication time. The communication line adopts a ring design, so that the reliability of the system is improved while the communication line is increased as little as possible.

Description

Distributed power supply voltage control method based on hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distributed power supply voltage control method, in particular to a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid layered multi-agent system.
Background
With the development of distributed power generation technology, distributed power sources are applied more and more, and regional control and network control become main control means under the condition of high-permeability distributed power source access. The distributed power supply cluster uniformly regulates and controls a certain number of power supplies with similar output characteristics and close geographical positions, and presents a distributed power supply area control system with a single controllable interface. The distributed power source cluster has a distributed characteristic and a large amount of control data, so the control difficulty of the distributed power source cluster is high, and the traditional centralized scheduling method needs a large amount of data communication and is difficult to realize flexible and effective control. With the development of smart grids, agents (agents) of agents are gradually applied to distributed power clusters to adapt to the operation mode of the distributed power clusters, however, due to the limited computing capability of the agents, the traditional centralized control method still cannot effectively achieve flexible control, and a large amount of communication data increases communication time. The existing multi-Agent system mostly adopts centralized control, ignores the calculation function of bottom-layer Agent, and concentrates calculation and control tasks on upper-layer Agent, thus having large data communication traffic and long communication time. And moreover, the calculation task is centralized, so that the calculation amount of the upper layer Agent is greatly increased, and the calculation time is longer. Because the computing power of other agents is not considered, intelligent resources are not fully utilized. Meanwhile, when a communication line of the system fails, the control device connected with the communication line cannot send and receive information, and the reliability is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid hierarchical multi-Agent system, which reduces the task load of a single Agent, shortens the calculation time, simplifies the algorithm, reduces the communication data volume and shortens the communication time. The communication line adopts a ring design, so that the reliability of the system is improved while the communication line is increased as little as possible.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a mixed hierarchical multi-agent system;
(2) the distributed power supply cluster agent obtains the voltage maximum value of each line;
(3) simplified tidal current model
(4) And judging the voltage of the line node, if the voltage of the node is lower than a voltage limit value, performing boosting processing, and if the voltage of the node is higher than the voltage limit value, performing voltage reduction processing.
Preferably, the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, a distributed power source cluster agent is arranged at a bus of a distributed power source cluster and used as a master control of the distributed power source cluster level, and a unit level agent is arranged at each distributed power source under the distributed power source cluster to control each unit;
step 1-2, determining the function of each agent in the distributed power cluster;
the line of the distributed power supply cluster is divided into a plurality of sections according to the distribution of the distributed power supplies, and each section is provided with one and only one distributed power supply;
the unit-level agent functions are to monitor all node voltages in a section, control power output of the distributed power supply and communicate with other agents;
the distributed power supply cluster agent has the functions of monitoring the bus voltage, collecting the state information of each line under the bus and issuing a voltage regulating instruction to the unit-level agent;
step 1-3, configuring communication connection of the agent;
all the unit-level agents on each line are connected in series through communication lines, and one communication line is led out from the unit-level agent at the most upstream and the unit-level agent at the most downstream respectively to be connected with the distributed power supply cluster.
Preferably, the step (2) comprises the steps of:
step 2-1, setting an agent of each section, setting n sections in a line, starting from the section closest to the distributed power cluster bus, wherein each section is as follows: segment 1, segment 2, … …, segment n; the Agent of the section 1 is Agent1, the Agent of the section 2 is Agent 2, … …, and the Agent of the section n is Agent n;
2-2, comparing the voltages of all nodes in the section n by the Agent n in the section n at the most downstream of the line, and sending the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage to the Agent at the upstream;
and 2-3, comparing the voltages of all nodes in the section n-1 with the maximum value and the minimum value of the received voltage by the Agent n-1 in the section n-1 at the upstream of the section n to obtain a new maximum value and a new minimum value, sending the new maximum value and the new minimum value to the upstream node, and repeating the step 2-3 until the distributed power supply cluster Agent acts.
Preferably, the step (3) comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, for any line, the distributed power supply cluster bus is a node 0, the node directly connected with the distributed power supply cluster bus is a 1 st node, which is called a node 1, and from the node 1 to the downstream of the line, each node is respectively: node 1, node 2, node 3 … …
Step 3-2, when the power on the line changes, the voltage of the b-th node in the line, that is, the node b, changes, as follows:
Figure BDA0000922315990000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0000922315990000032
represents the amount of change, U, in the square of the voltage at node bnew,bIndicating the voltage at node b after a change in power, Uold,bRepresents the voltage of node b before the power change;
step 3-3, when the power of the c-th node, namely the node c in the downstream direction of the node b, changes, wherein c > b, the voltage square change amount of the node b is as follows:
Figure BDA0000922315990000033
in the formula,. DELTA.PcIs the active power variation at node c, Δ QcIs the amount of reactive power change at node c, i-0, 1, …, b-1, ri,i+1Is the line resistance, x, of the line between nodes i and i +1i,i+1Is the line reactance of the line between nodes i and i + 1;
step 3-4, when the power of the a-th node, i.e. the node a in the upstream direction of the node b, changes, wherein a < b, and the voltage square change amount of the node b is:
Figure BDA0000922315990000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0000922315990000035
represents the change of the voltage square of the node a, Δ PaIs the active power variation at node a, Δ QaIs the reactive power change at node a, i is 0,1, …, a-1.
Preferably, in the step (4), the voltage limit is 7%, and the step of performing the boosting process when the node voltage is lower than the voltage limit includes the steps of:
step 4-1, setting a section where a node b is located as a section k, and when the voltage of the node b is lower than a voltage limit value, calculating the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage by an Agent k in the section k through a formula (1)
Figure BDA0000922315990000036
Step 4-2, the Agent k increases the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially increases the active power, and the Agent k calculates the power | delta P needed to be increased according to the formula (2) or the formula (3)k| and | Δ QkIf the distributed power supply k has sufficient power margin, respectively increasing the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k by | Δ Pk| and | Δ QkIf the voltage is increased to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting full power, and executing the step 4-3;
step 4-3, the Agent k calculates new
Figure BDA0000922315990000037
If there are no other sections downstream of section k, then go to step 4-4; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, a new section is sent to the Agent k +1 in the adjacent downstream section k +1
Figure BDA0000922315990000041
Requesting to increase the output power of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially increasing the active power, the Agent k +1 calculates the power | delta P needing to be increased by using the formula (1) and the formula (2)k+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the distributed power supply in the section k +1 has sufficient power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is respectively increased by | Δ Pk+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000042
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000043
Sending the information to a downstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-4, if no other sections exist at the upstream of the section k, executing step 4-5; if there are other sections at the upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1 to regulate the voltage, and the newest section is regulated
Figure BDA0000922315990000044
Sending the request to Agent k-1 to request to improve the output power of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially improving the active power, wherein the Agent k-1 calculates the power | delta P needed to be improved by using an equation (1) and an equation (3)k-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the distributed power supply in the section k-1 has enough power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is respectively increased by | delta Pk-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000045
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000046
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-5, when no other section exists at the upstream of the line, the Agent at the most upstream in the line will
Figure BDA0000922315990000047
Sending the voltage regulation information to the distributed power source cluster agent, and after the distributed power source cluster agent receives the voltage regulation information, if no other line exists, performing the step 4-6; if there are other lines, the voltage is shifted to other voltage maximum valuesSending a voltage regulation request to the most upstream Agent of a lower line; after receiving the message, the Agent at the most upstream of other lines calculates power | delta P | and | delta Q | which need to be improved by using the formulas (1) to (3), if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is enough, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section is respectively improved by | delta P | and | delta Q | so that the voltage is increased to a target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, completion information is sent to the distributed power supply cluster Agent, and the distributed power supply cluster Agent sends the completion information to the Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting the full power of the distributed power supply in the section, and calculating a new value
Figure BDA0000922315990000048
And will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000049
Returning to the distributed power source cluster Agent, continuously sending a voltage regulating request to the most upstream Agent of the other lines with relatively low maximum voltage values by the distributed power source cluster Agent, repeating the step until the voltage regulation is completed, and sending a completion message to an Agent k;
and 4-6, if no other line exists or all other lines participate in voltage regulation, the node b still cannot reach the target voltage, the distributed power supply cluster Agent sends load shedding information to an Agent k, and the Agent k verifies whether the node b voltage can reach the target voltage or not by using a formula (2) according to the load condition in the section through load shedding.
Preferably, in the step (4), the step of performing the step-down process when the node voltage exceeds the high voltage limit includes the steps of:
step 4-a, setting the section where the node b is located as a section k, and when the voltage of the node b is overhigh, calculating the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage by the Agent k in the section k through a formula (1)
Figure BDA0000922315990000051
Step 4-b, the Agent k reduces the reactive power of the distributed power supply in the section k, and the Agent k reduces the reactive power of the distributed power supply in the section kThe Agent k calculates the reactive power | delta Q required to be reduced according to the formula (2) or the formula (3)k' |, if | Δ Qk' is less than the current reactive power output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive power output of the distributed power supply in the section k is reduced by | delta Qk' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk' l is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive output is set to be 0, and the step 4-c is executed;
step 4-c, the Agent k calculates new
Figure BDA0000922315990000052
If there are no other sections downstream of section k, step 4-d; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, a new section is sent to the Agent k +1 in the adjacent downstream section k +1
Figure BDA0000922315990000053
Requesting to reduce the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, and calculating the reactive power | delta Q required to be reduced by the Agent k +1 by using a formula (1) and a formula (2)k+1' |, if | Δ Qk+1If' | is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is reduced by | delta Qk+1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk+1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new reactive output is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000054
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000055
Sending the information to a downstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-d, if there is no other section at the upstream of the section k, executing step 4-e; if there are other sections upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1Regulating the pressure to the latest
Figure BDA0000922315990000056
Sending the request to an Agent k-1 to request to reduce the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, wherein the Agent k-1 calculates the reactive power | delta Q required to be improved by using a formula (1) and a formula (3)k-1' |, if | Δ Qk-1' is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is reduced by | delta Qk-1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to the Agent k; if Δ Qk-1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000061
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000062
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-e, the reactive output in the steps 4-c and 4-d is converted into active output, and voltage regulation is carried out in the same way; and if the node b can not reach the target voltage after voltage regulation, the Agent k executes load shedding operation, and whether the voltage of the node b can reach the target voltage after load shedding is verified by using a formula (2) according to the load condition in the section.
Preferably, the solution when the communication line has a fault is as follows:
step I, when a communication line between Agent j and Agent j +1 is set to have a fault, the Agent j informs other agents on the communication line where the Agent j is located of fault information through other normal communication lines;
step II, when a fault exists, the communication direction obtained in the step (2) is changed to be that the Agent from Agent j to the upstream sends the information comparison voltage maximum value, and the Agent j +1 to the downstream sends the information comparison voltage maximum value; the two paths of information are converged at a distributed power supply cluster Agent, and the most value of the voltage of the line is obtained through comparison;
step III, when a fault exists, in the voltage regulating process of the step 4, when the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream of the Agent j need to send information to the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream of the Agent j, the Agent sending the information needs to change the communication direction, the Agent at the upstream sends the information, and the information is wound to the Agent receiving the information from the distributed power supply cluster Agent through other normal communication lines; on the contrary, when the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream need to send information to the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream, the Agent sending the information changes the communication direction, sends the information to the Agent at the downstream, and bypasses the Agent receiving the information from the distributed power supply cluster Agent through other normal communication lines.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the running characteristics of a distributed power cluster and the characteristics of a multi-Agent system, and divides multiple agents into layers, wherein the upper layer adopts a centralized type, the lower layer adopts a distributed type, and the control task is distributed to each Agent of the lower layer from the upper Agent, so that the task amount of calculation and control of the upper Agent is reduced, and the calculation time is shortened; meanwhile, the control algorithm is simplified, the communication data volume is reduced under the condition of sufficient control accuracy, and the communication time is shortened; the annular communication line of each line ensures the reliability of the system while increasing the number of communication lines as little as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system according to the present invention,
figure 2 is an architecture diagram of a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system provided by the present invention,
figure 3 is a transmission diagram of the communication direction for obtaining the maximum value of each line voltage provided by the invention,
figure 4 is an information transfer diagram in the voltage regulation process when a certain node voltage is too low provided by the invention,
fig. 5 is a transmission diagram of a communication direction for obtaining the maximum line voltage value when a certain line has a fault according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system includes the following steps:
(1) building a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system
FIG. 2 shows the architecture of a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system
① determine the location of each Agent in the distributed power cluster:
setting a distributed power source cluster Agent at a bus as a master control of a distributed power source cluster level, and setting a unit level Agent at each distributed power source under the distributed power source cluster to control each unit;
② determine the function of each Agent in the distributed power cluster:
the line of the distributed power supply cluster is divided into a plurality of sections according to the distribution of the distributed power supplies, only one distributed power supply is arranged in each section, and all node voltages in the sections are monitored by unit-level agents in the sections. The unit-level agents also control the power output of the distributed power supply and are responsible for communication with other agents. The distributed power supply cluster Agent monitors the bus voltage, collects the state information of each line under the bus, and issues a voltage regulating instruction to the unit-level Agent;
③ configuring the communication connection of Agent:
all the unit-level agents are connected in series through a communication line between the unit-level agents on each line, and the unit-level Agent at the most upstream and the unit-level Agent at the most downstream lead out a communication line to be connected with the distributed power supply cluster respectively;
(2) the distributed power supply cluster Agent obtains the voltage maximum value of each line, as shown in fig. 3, which is the communication direction for obtaining the voltage maximum value of each line;
①, if there are n sections for any line, starting from the section closest to the distributed power supply cluster bus, each section is section 1, section 2, … … and section n, wherein Agent of section 1 is Agent1, Agent of section 2 is Agent 2, … … and Agent of section n is Agent n;
② the Agent n in the section n furthest downstream of the line compares the voltages of all nodes in the section n and sends the maximum and minimum voltages to the Agent upstream.
③ Agent n-1 in section n-1 upstream of section n compares the voltage of all nodes in section n-1 with the received voltage maximum and minimum values to get new maximum and minimum values and sends the new maximum and minimum values to the upstream nodes ③ is repeated until the distributed power cluster Agent.
④ the distributed power supply cluster Agent receives the voltage most value of each line, after storing, compares the most value with the bus voltage to get the voltage most value of the whole distributed power supply cluster.
(3) Simplified tidal current model
For any line, the distributed power supply cluster bus is a node 0, the node directly connected with the distributed power supply cluster bus is a 1 st node, which is called a node 1, and from the node 1 to the downstream of the line, each node is: node 1, node 2, node 3 … …
When the power on the line changes, the voltage of the b-th node in the line, namely the node b, changes, as shown in the following formula (1):
Figure BDA0000922315990000081
in the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0000922315990000082
represents the amount of change, U, in the square of the voltage at node bnew,bIndicating the voltage at node b after a change in power, Uold,bRepresents the voltage of node b before the power change;
when the power of the c (c > b) th node, namely the node c in the downstream direction of the node b, changes, the voltage square change amount of the node b is as follows:
Figure BDA0000922315990000083
in the formula (2), Δ PcIs the active power variation at node c, Δ QcIs the amount of reactive power change at node c, i-0, 1, …, b-1, ri,i+1Is the line resistance, x, of the line between nodes i and i +1i,i+1Is the line reactance of the line between nodes i and i +1,
when the power of the a (a < b) th node, namely the node a in the upstream direction of the node b, changes, the voltage square change amount of the node b is as follows:
Figure BDA0000922315990000084
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0000922315990000085
represents the change of the voltage square of the node a, Δ PaIs the active power variation at node a, Δ QaIs the amount of reactive power change at node a, i ═ 0,1, …, a-1;
(4) and judging the voltage of the line node, if the voltage of the node is lower than a voltage limit value, performing boosting processing, and if the voltage of the node is higher than the voltage limit value, performing voltage reduction processing.
As shown in fig. 4, the boosting process performed when the node voltage is lower than the voltage limit is as follows:
① the section of node b is section k, when the voltage of node b is lower than the voltage limit value (the deviation range is + -7%), the Agent k in section k calculates the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage by the formula (1)
Figure BDA0000922315990000091
② Agent k increases the power output of the distributed power supply in section k, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially increases the active power, Agent k calculates the power | Δ P to be increased according to equation (2) or equation (3)k| and | Δ QkIf the distributed power supply k has sufficient power margin, respectively increasing the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k by | Δ Pk| and | Δ QkL, the voltage is raised toTarget voltage, finishing voltage regulation; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting full power, and carrying out the next step;
③ Agent k calculates new
Figure BDA0000922315990000092
If no other sections exist at the downstream of the section k, the next step is carried out; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, a new section is sent to the Agent k +1 in the adjacent downstream section k +1
Figure BDA0000922315990000093
Requesting to increase the output power, including active power and reactive power, of the distributed power supply in section k +1, and preferentially increasing the active power. Agent k +1 calculates power | Δ P to be increased using equations (1) and (2)k+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the distributed power supply in the section k +1 has sufficient power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is respectively increased by | Δ Pk+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000094
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000095
Sending the information to a downstream Agent, repeating the steps until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
④ if there is no other section at the upstream of the section k, the next step is proceeded, if there is another section at the upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1 to regulate the voltage, and the newest one is used
Figure BDA0000922315990000096
Sent to Agentk-1 to request to increase the division in the section k-1The output power of the distributed power supply comprises active power and reactive power, and the active power is preferentially increased. Agent k-1 calculates power | Δ P to be increased using equations (1) and (3)k-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the distributed power supply in the section k-1 has enough power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is respectively increased by | delta Pk-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000097
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000101
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the steps until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
⑤ when there are no other sections upstream of the line, the Agent most upstream in the line will be
Figure BDA0000922315990000102
Sending the voltage regulation information to a distributed power supply cluster Agent, and carrying out the next step if no other line exists after the distributed power supply cluster Agent receives the voltage regulation information; and if other lines exist, sending a voltage regulation request to the most upstream Agent of the line with the lowest voltage value. After receiving the message, the Agent at the most upstream of other lines calculates power | delta P | and | delta Q | which need to be improved by using the formulas (1) to (3), if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is enough, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section is respectively improved by | delta P | and | delta Q | so that the voltage is increased to a target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, completion information is sent to the distributed power supply cluster Agent, and the distributed power supply cluster Agent sends the completion information to the Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting the full power of the distributed power supply in the section, and calculating a new value
Figure BDA0000922315990000103
And will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000104
Returning to the distributed power supply cluster Agent, continuously sending a voltage regulating request to the most upstream Agent of the other lines with relatively low voltage maximum values by the distributed power supply cluster Agent, repeating the steps until the voltage regulation is completed, and sending a completion message to an Agent k;
⑥, if no other line exists or all other lines participate in voltage regulation, the node b still cannot reach the target voltage, the distributed power supply cluster Agent sends load shedding information to Agent k, and the Agent k verifies whether the node b voltage can reach the target voltage by using the formula (2) according to the load condition in the section through load shedding.
When the node voltage is over the high voltage limit value, the voltage reduction treatment process is as follows:
① the section of node b is section k, when the voltage of node b is too high, Agent k in section k calculates the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage by equation (1)
Figure BDA0000922315990000105
② Agent k reduces the reactive power of the distributed power supply in the section k, Agent k calculates the power | delta Q needing to be reduced according to the formula (2) or the formula (3)k' |, if | Δ Qk' is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k is reduced by | delta Qk' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive output is set to be 0, and the next step is carried out;
③ Agent k calculates new
Figure BDA0000922315990000106
If no other sections exist at the downstream of the section k, the next step is carried out; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, then the section k +1 is directed to the adjacent downstream sectionAgent k +1 in the network sends a new one
Figure BDA0000922315990000107
Requesting a reduction in the reactive output of the distributed power supply in section k + 1. The Agent k +1 calculates the reactive power | Delta Q required to be reduced by using the formula (1) and the formula (2)k+1' |, if | Δ Qk+1If' | is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is reduced by | delta Qk+1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk+1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new reactive output is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000111
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000112
Sending the information to a downstream Agent, repeating the steps until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
④ if there is no other section at the upstream of the section k, the next step is proceeded, if there is another section at the upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1 to regulate the voltage, and the newest one is used
Figure BDA0000922315990000113
And sending the data to Agentk-1 to request to reduce the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1. The Agent k-1 calculates the reactive power | Delta Q required to be increased by using the formula (1) and the formula (3)k-1' |, if | Δ Qk-1' is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is reduced by | delta Qk-1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk-1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new value is calculated
Figure BDA0000922315990000114
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure BDA0000922315990000115
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the steps until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
⑤, converting reactive output in ③ and ④ into active output, and performing voltage regulation in the same way, if the node b can not reach the target voltage after voltage regulation, Agent k performs load switching operation, and according to the load condition in the section, using formula (2) to verify whether the voltage of the node b can reach the target voltage after load cutting;
as shown in fig. 5, the communication method when one segment of the communication line fails includes the following steps:
① when a communication line (the communication line between Agent j and Agent j +1 is set) has a fault, Agentj informs other agents (including distributed power supply cluster Agent) Agent j on the communication line where Agent j is located of the fault of the communication line between Agent j and Agent j +1 through other normal communication lines (the communication line from the j node to other communication nodes except the j +1 node which directly communicates with the Agent).
②, when a fault exists, the communication direction obtained in the state in the step two is changed to the state that the Agent j sends the most value of information comparison voltage to the Agent upstream and the Agent j +1 sends the most value of information comparison voltage to the Agent downstream;
③ when a fault exists, in the voltage regulation process of the fourth step and the fifth step, when the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream need to send information to the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream, the Agent sending information needs to change the communication direction, the Agent at the upstream sends information, and the Agent at the upstream bypasses the distributed power supply cluster Agent to the Agent receiving information through other normal communication lines, otherwise, when the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream need to send information to the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream, the Agent sending information changes the communication direction in the same way, sends information to the Agent at the downstream, and bypasses the Agent receiving information from the distributed power supply cluster Agent through other normal communication lines.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A distributed power supply voltage control method based on a hybrid hierarchical multi-agent system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a mixed hierarchical multi-agent system;
(2) the distributed power supply cluster agent acquires the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage of each line;
(3) simplified tidal current model
(4) Judging the voltage of the line node, if the voltage of the node is lower than a voltage limit value, performing boosting processing, and if the voltage of the node is higher than the voltage limit value, performing voltage reduction processing;
the step (3) comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, for any line, the distributed power supply cluster bus is a node 0, the node directly connected with the distributed power supply cluster bus is a 1 st node, which is called a node 1, and from the node 1 to the downstream of the line, each node is respectively: node 1, node 2, node 3 … …;
step 3-2, when the power on the line changes, the voltage of the b-th node in the line, that is, the node b, changes, as follows:
Figure FDA0002440507370000011
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002440507370000012
represents the amount of change, U, in the square of the voltage at node bnew,bRepresenting a change in powerVoltage of node b after conversion, Uold,bRepresents the voltage of node b before the power change;
step 3-3, when the power of the c-th node, namely the node c in the downstream direction of the node b, changes, wherein c > b, the voltage square change amount of the node b is as follows:
Figure FDA0002440507370000013
in the formula,. DELTA.PcIs the active power variation at node c, Δ QcIs the amount of reactive power change at node c, i-0, 1, …, b-1, ri,i+1Is the line resistance, x, of the line between nodes i and i +1i,i+1Is the line reactance of the line between nodes i and i + 1;
step 3-4, when the power of the a-th node, i.e. the node a in the upstream direction of the node b, changes, wherein a < b, and the voltage square change amount of the node b is:
Figure FDA0002440507370000014
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002440507370000021
represents the change of the voltage square of the node a, Δ PaIs the active power variation at node a, Δ QaIs the amount of reactive power change at node a, i ═ 0,1, …, a-1;
in the step (4), the voltage limit is 7%, and the step of performing the boosting process when the node voltage is lower than the voltage limit includes the following steps:
step 4-1, setting a section where a node b is located as a section k, and when the voltage of the node b is lower than a voltage limit value, calculating the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage by an Agent k in the section k through a formula (1)
Figure FDA0002440507370000022
Step 4-2, the Agent k improves the distribution in the section kThe power output of the power supply comprises active power and reactive power, and the active power is preferentially increased, and the Agent k calculates the power | delta P required to be increased according to formula (2) or formula (3)k| and | Δ QkIf the distributed power supply k has sufficient power margin, respectively increasing the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k by | Δ Pk| and | Δ QkIf the voltage is increased to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting full power, and executing the step 4-3;
step 4-3, the Agent k calculates new
Figure FDA0002440507370000023
If there are no other sections downstream of section k, then go to step 4-4; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, a new section is sent to the Agent k +1 in the adjacent downstream section k +1
Figure FDA0002440507370000024
Requesting to increase the output power of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially increasing the active power, the Agent k +1 calculates the power | delta P needing to be increased by using the formula (1) and the formula (2)k+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the distributed power supply in the section k +1 has sufficient power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is respectively increased by | Δ Pk+1| and | Δ Qk+1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure FDA0002440507370000025
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure FDA0002440507370000026
Sending to downstream Agent, repeating the steps untilReturning to finish information when the pressure regulation is finished;
step 4-4, if no other sections exist at the upstream of the section k, executing step 4-5; if there are other sections at the upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1 to regulate the voltage, and the newest section is regulated
Figure FDA0002440507370000031
Sending the output power to Agentk-1, requesting to increase the output power of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, including active power and reactive power, and preferentially increasing the active power, wherein the Agentk-1 calculates the power | delta P required to be increased by using an equation (1) and an equation (3)k-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the distributed power supply in the section k-1 has enough power margin, the power output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is respectively increased by | delta Pk-1| and | Δ Qk-1If the voltage is increased to the target voltage, finishing voltage regulation and sending completion information to Agent k; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is output at full power, and a new value is calculated
Figure FDA0002440507370000032
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure FDA0002440507370000033
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-5, when no other section exists at the upstream of the line, the Agent at the most upstream in the line will
Figure FDA0002440507370000034
Sending the voltage regulation information to the distributed power source cluster agent, and after the distributed power source cluster agent receives the voltage regulation information, if no other line exists, performing the step 4-6; if other lines exist, sending a voltage regulation request to the most upstream Agent of the line with the lowest voltage value; after receiving the message by the Agent at the most upstream of other lines, the Agent calculates the message by using the formulas (1) to (3)Generating power | delta P | and | delta Q | which need to be improved, if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is enough, respectively improving the power output of the distributed power supply in the section by | delta P | and | delta Q | respectively, increasing the voltage to a target voltage, finishing voltage regulation, sending completion information to a distributed power supply cluster Agent, and sending the completion information to an Agent k by the distributed power supply cluster Agent; if the power margin of the distributed power supply in the section is not enough to raise the voltage to the target voltage, outputting the full power of the distributed power supply in the section, and calculating a new value
Figure FDA0002440507370000035
And will be new
Figure FDA0002440507370000036
Returning to the distributed power source cluster Agent, continuously sending a voltage regulating request to the most upstream Agent of the other lines with relatively low maximum voltage values by the distributed power source cluster Agent, repeating the step until the voltage regulation is completed, and sending a completion message to an Agent k;
and 4-6, if no other line exists or all other lines participate in voltage regulation, the node b still cannot reach the target voltage, the distributed power supply cluster Agent sends load shedding information to an Agent k, and the Agent k verifies whether the node b voltage can reach the target voltage or not by using a formula (2) according to the load condition in the section through load shedding.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) includes the steps of:
step 1-1, a distributed power source cluster agent is arranged at a bus of a distributed power source cluster and used as a master control of the distributed power source cluster level, and a unit level agent is arranged at each distributed power source under the distributed power source cluster to control each unit;
step 1-2, determining the function of each agent in the distributed power cluster;
the line of the distributed power supply cluster is divided into a plurality of sections according to the distribution of the distributed power supplies, and each section is provided with one and only one distributed power supply;
the unit-level agent functions are to monitor all node voltages in a section, control power output of the distributed power supply and communicate with other agents;
the distributed power supply cluster agent has the functions of monitoring the bus voltage, collecting the state information of each line under the bus and issuing a voltage regulating instruction to the unit-level agent;
step 1-3, configuring communication connection of the agent;
all the unit-level agents on each line are connected in series through communication lines, and one communication line is led out from the unit-level agent at the most upstream and the unit-level agent at the most downstream respectively to be connected with the distributed power supply cluster.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) includes the steps of:
step 2-1, setting an agent of each section, setting n sections in a line, starting from the section closest to the distributed power cluster bus, wherein each section is as follows: segment 1, segment 2, … …, segment n; the Agent of the section 1 is Agent1, the Agent of the section 2 is Agent 2, … …, and the Agent of the section n is Agent n;
2-2, comparing the voltages of all nodes in the section n by the Agent n in the section n at the most downstream of the line, and sending the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage to the Agent at the upstream;
and 2-3, comparing the voltages of all nodes in the section n-1 with the maximum value and the minimum value of the received voltage by the Agent n-1 in the section n-1 at the upstream of the section n to obtain a new maximum value and a new minimum value, sending the new maximum value and the new minimum value to the upstream node, and repeating the step 2-3 until the distributed power supply cluster Agent acts.
4. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of performing the step-down process when the node voltage exceeds the high voltage limit comprises the steps of:
step 4-a, setting the section where the node b is located as a zoneA segment k, when the voltage of the node b is overhigh, the Agent k in the segment k calculates the square difference between the current voltage and the target voltage through the formula (1)
Figure FDA0002440507370000041
Step 4-b, the Agent k reduces the reactive power of the distributed power supply in the section k, and the Agent k calculates the reactive power | delta Q required to be reduced according to a formula (2) or a formula (3)k' |, if | Δ Qk' is less than the current reactive power output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive power output of the distributed power supply in the section k is reduced by | delta Qk' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk' l is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k, the reactive output is set to be 0, and the step 4-c is executed;
step 4-c, the Agent k calculates new
Figure FDA0002440507370000051
If there are no other sections downstream of section k, step 4-d; if there are other sections downstream of the section k, a new section is sent to the Agent k +1 in the adjacent downstream section k +1
Figure FDA0002440507370000052
Requesting to reduce the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, and calculating the reactive power | delta Q required to be reduced by the Agent k +1 by using a formula (1) and a formula (2)k+1' |, if | Δ Qk+1If' | is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1 is reduced by | delta Qk+1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to Agent k; if Δ Qk+1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k +1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new reactive output is calculated
Figure FDA0002440507370000053
If there are other sections downstream, then it will be new
Figure FDA0002440507370000054
Sending the information to a downstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-d, if there is no other section at the upstream of the section k, executing step 4-e; if other sections exist at the upstream of the section k, the Agent k requests the Agent k-1 in the adjacent upstream section k-1 for voltage regulation, and the newest Agent k is regulated
Figure FDA0002440507370000055
Sending the request to an Agent k-1 to request to reduce the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, wherein the Agent k-1 calculates the reactive power | delta Q required to be improved by using a formula (1) and a formula (3)k-1' |, if | Δ Qk-1' is less than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1 is reduced by | delta Qk-1' |, the voltage is reduced to the target voltage, the voltage regulation is finished, and the completion information is sent to the Agent k; if Δ Qk-1' I is larger than the current reactive output of the distributed power supply in the section k-1, the reactive output is set to 0, and a new value is calculated
Figure FDA0002440507370000056
If there are other sections upstream, then it will be new
Figure FDA0002440507370000057
Sending the information to an upstream Agent, repeating the step until the pressure regulation is finished, and returning to finish information;
step 4-e, the reactive output in the steps 4-c and 4-d is converted into active output, and voltage regulation is carried out in the same way; and if the node b can not reach the target voltage after voltage regulation, the Agent k executes load shedding operation, and whether the voltage of the node b can reach the target voltage after load shedding is verified by using a formula (2) according to the load condition in the section.
5. The control method according to claim 2, wherein the solution when the communication line is failed is as follows:
step I, when a communication line between Agent j and Agent j +1 is set to have a fault, the Agent j informs other agents on the communication line where the Agent j is located of fault information through other normal communication lines;
step II, when a fault exists, the communication direction obtained in the step (2) is changed to be that the Agent from Agent j to the upstream sends the information comparison voltage maximum value, and the Agent j +1 to the downstream sends the information comparison voltage maximum value; the two paths of information are converged at a distributed power supply cluster Agent, and the most value of the voltage of the line is obtained through comparison;
step III, when a fault exists, in the voltage regulating process of the step 4, when the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream of the Agent j need to send information to the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream of the Agent j, the Agent sending the information needs to change the communication direction, the Agent at the upstream sends the information, and the information is wound to the Agent receiving the information from the distributed power supply cluster Agent through other normal communication lines; on the contrary, when the Agent j +1 and the Agent at the downstream need to send information to the Agent j and the Agent at the upstream, the Agent sending the information changes the communication direction, sends the information to the Agent at the downstream, and bypasses the Agent receiving the information from the distributed power supply cluster Agent through other normal communication lines.
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