CN105591370B - A kind of distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction - Google Patents
A kind of distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105591370B CN105591370B CN201610069213.9A CN201610069213A CN105591370B CN 105591370 B CN105591370 B CN 105591370B CN 201610069213 A CN201610069213 A CN 201610069213A CN 105591370 B CN105591370 B CN 105591370B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of distance protection hardware circuits and its implementation with direction, belong to computer application field.The present invention is designed chip using extensive programmable asic (ASIC) technology, which includes four parts：1) each phase voltage and the positive-sequence component of phase potential difference are acquired using hardware circuit；2) positive sequence voltage is judged using hardware circuit and (whether is three-phase shortcircuit) to generate control signal, voltage positive-sequence component is latched according to control signal and handles and exports；3) complete the distance protection impedance computation module with direction using hardware circuit (including alternate and ground distance protection)；4) distance protection relay action module is completed using hardware circuit, this four part realizes the Distance Protection Algorithm module with direction jointly.Specific chip of intelligent electric appliance of the present invention uses a piece of fpga chip (EP3C400240C8), by the simulation hardware on FPGA and the test to real protection unit, demonstrates the correctness and feasibility of directional distance protection.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to computer application fields, and in particular to a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction and its realization
Method.
Background technology：
In modern power network, as super-pressure, large capacity, long-distance transmission line are on the increase, to electric system
Safe and stable operation proposes higher, tightened up requirement.Relay protection system is the important component of electric system, and right
In 110kV and the circuit of above, since load current is big, circuit is long, current protection tends not to meet technology will
It asks, so as to need using distance protection.
Distance protection at this stage is mainly microcomputer interface experiment, and typical process is：
1) it is to determine whether failure by starting element first, the side combined using jump-value of current method and zero sequence drying method
Formula；
2) and then pass through phase selection element failure judgement phase, generally use current-difference sudden-change component phase selection and current sequence components are selected
The method of phase；
3) it is finally calculated using measuring cell and measures impedance and failure judgement direction.
It can be seen that the process due to needing the phase selection after first starting, the major defect of this method is that impedance computation lacks
Weary real-time, and also there are start-up courses to judge the shortcomings of poor reliability, speed are slow and calculating process is complicated.On the other hand,
Traditional microcomputer interface experiment uses microcontroller (MCU), but MCU also has intrinsic deficiency, can not be fundamentally DSP
The problems such as settlement procedure " run and fly ".Therefore, cannot have been met based on traditional microcomputer interface experiment new algorithm and theory will
It asks.
Invention content：
The shortcomings that it is an object of the invention to overcome the more than prior art, provides a kind of real using Programmable ASIC technology
Now distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction, instead of previous electric system Microcomputer Protection.It provides a kind of
The design method of specific chip of intelligent electric appliance, by Microcomputer Protection special chip, with the previous software of hardware realization realize away from
Function from protection.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize：
A kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction is calculated including data acquisition module, data processing module, distance protection
Method module and relay module；Wherein,
Data acquisition module, for acquiring the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by acquisition
The input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer is inputted as the data of data processing module；
Data processing module, for being filtered operation, and will be after filtering operation to input three-phase voltage current signal
As a result the input as Distance Protection Algorithm module；
Distance Protection Algorithm module, the voltage and current signal for being inputted to data processing module carry out distance protection and set
Meter, using final action signal as the input of relay；
Relay module, the signal for being inputted according to Distance Protection Algorithm module are acted, if input signal is height,
Then relay is closed；If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
Further improve of the invention is that data acquisition module includes voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switch
MUX and A/D converter, wherein,
Voltage, current transformer for collected voltage and current to be reduced, and the voltage and current after diminution are believed
Input number as multiway analog switch MUX；
Multiway analog switch MUX for carrying out break-make selection to voltage and current signal, and will select the voltage and current passed through
Input of the signal as A/D converter；
A/D converter, the signal for MUX selections to be passed through carries out analog/digital conversion, by transformed voltage and current signal
It is sent into data processing module.
Further improve of the invention is that Distance Protection Algorithm module includes positive sequence voltage computing module, control signal
And voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection actuating of relay module；
Wherein,
Positive sequence voltage computing module measures three-phase current and voltage, and pass through at data for passing through data acquisition module
Module is managed to three-phase current and the filtered algorithm of voltage, obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage meter
It calculates module and is finally completed three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and correspondence according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage
The calculating of phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values；
Signal and voltage latch output module are controlled, for by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, i.e., using comparator to just
The positive sequence voltage component of sequence voltage computing module output carries out judging output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports just
The value of sequence voltage previous cycle becomes 0 until control signal；If it is 0 to control signal, positive sequence voltage value is directly exported in real time；
Ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module, for the three-phase voltage obtained according to voltage latch output module
Positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, the real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage current with
And the real part imaginary values of impedance are adjusted, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judge
Whether distance protection acts, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, it is 1 to put action mark；
Directional distance protection actuating of relay module, for export ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module
Action mark is assigned to action variable, using final action signal as the input of relay.
A kind of implementation method of the distance protection hardware circuit with direction, includes the following steps：
1) the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of data collecting module collected reactance transformer, and by the reactance of acquisition
The input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is inputted as the data of data processing module；
2) data processing module is filtered operation to input three-phase voltage current signal, and by the result after filtering operation
Input as Distance Protection Algorithm module；
3) Distance Protection Algorithm module carries out distance protection design to the voltage and current signal that data processing module inputs, will
Final input of the action signal as relay；
4) relay is acted according to the signal that Distance Protection Algorithm module inputs, if input signal is height, relay
Device is closed；If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
Further improve of the invention is that the implementation method of step 1) is as follows：
1-1) voltage, current transformer, for collected voltage and current to be reduced, and the voltage after diminution is electric
Flow input of the signal as multiway analog switch MUX；
1-2) multiway analog switch MUX for carrying out break-make selection to voltage and current signal, and will select the voltage passed through
Input of the current signal as A/D converter；
1-3) A/D converter, the signal for MUX selections to be passed through carries out analog/digital conversion, by transformed voltage and current
Signal is sent into data processing module.
Of the invention further improve be, in step 3) Distance Protection Algorithm module include positive sequence voltage computing module,
Control signal and voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection relay
Action module；Its implementation is as follows：
3-1) positive sequence voltage computing module measures three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and passes through data processing
Module obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage calculates to three-phase current and the filtered algorithm of voltage
Module is finally completed three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage
The calculating of potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values；
Signal and voltage latch output module 3-2) are controlled by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, i.e., using comparator to positive sequence
The positive sequence voltage component of voltage computing module output carries out judging output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports positive sequence
The value of voltage previous cycle becomes 0 until control signal；If it is 0 to control signal, positive sequence voltage value is directly exported in real time；
3-3) the three-phase electricity positive pressure that ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module is obtained according to voltage latch output module
Order components real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, the real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage current and
Adjust the real part imaginary values of impedance, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judge away from
Whether acted from protection, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, it is 1 to put action mark；
3-4) directional distance protection actuating of relay module moving ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module output
Action variable is assigned to as mark, using final action signal as the input of relay.
Of the invention further improve be, step 3-1) implementation method it is as follows：Positive sequence voltage computing module uses
Three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier, wherein three adders and two subtracters be used for three-phase voltage and
The real and imaginary parts for calculating median are added or are subtracted each other, and multiplier is for being multiplied by real and imaginary parts certain multiple, finally
Obtain the real and imaginary parts of positive-sequence component.
Of the invention further improve be, step 3-2) implementation method it is as follows：Control signal and voltage latch output
Module has used six absolute value devices, six comparators and six latch, and six absolute value devices are used for positive sequence voltage component
Real part or imaginary values take absolute value, six comparators are used for phase voltage export to absolute value device or phase potential difference real part void
Portion's value is compared respectively with definite value, and using comparison result output as control signal, finally passes through six according to control signal
Latch carries out latch output to positive sequence voltage, completes to handle the latch of each phase and each difference positive sequence voltage.
Of the invention further improve be, step 3-3) implementation method it is as follows：
Ground distance protection module has used a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and three
A absolute value device；Wherein, divider is used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of zero-sequence current；One multiplier is used for three-phase current
The sum of real part and the sum of imaginary part are multiplied by penalty coefficient K respectively, another multiplier be used for by the real part of electric current or imaginary part with it is whole
The real part or imaginary part of constant impedance be multiplied respectively and by the real and imaginary parts of operation equation molecule respectively with the real part of denominator and void
Portion is multiplied；One subtracter is used to calculateReal part；Another subtracter is used to calculateReality
Portion and imaginary part；The real part that two adders are used to calculate three-phase current mutually sums it up imaginary part addition；A remaining adder is based on
It calculatesReal and imaginary parts；Three absolute value devices for operation equation, obtained real part to take absolute value, if
The operation equation value of real part of absolute value device output is less than 0, then puts action flag bit 1, be otherwise set to 0；
Phase distance protection module has used a multiplier, two subtracters, an adder and three absolute value devices,
Multiplier is multiplied respectively for calculating three-phase current real part or imaginary part with adjusting impedance real part or imaginary part and operation equation molecule
Real and imaginary parts are multiplied with denominator real and imaginary parts；One subtracter is used to calculating three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current
Real part；Another subtracter is used to calculate the imaginary part of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current；Adder is used to calculateReal and imaginary parts；Three absolute value devices are for operation equation, obtained real part to take absolute value, if absolute value device
The operation equation value of real part of output is less than 0, then puts action flag bit 1, be otherwise set to 0.
Of the invention further improve be, step 3-4) implementation method it is as follows：Distance protection relay action module
Comprising a timer, whether the action flag bit for first determining whether the output of distance protection impedance computation module is 1, if so, opening
Dynamic timer；Secondly pass through preset action delay T, timer exports the trigger pulse of specified width, which width, drives relay
Complete trip operation；After trigger pulse, timer resets, and relay closes a floodgate.
Relative to the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
Distance protection hardware circuit provided by the invention with direction is to use FPGA based on ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
(field programmable gate array) chip is designed, and is designed instead of traditional microcomputer interface experiment, with hardware instead of software
Realize the function of distance protection.FPGA device based on EDA technologies overcomes the essential defect of MCU, has high reliability.FPGA
Using advanced JTAG-ISP and in system configuration programming mode, and there is no reset unreliable and PC specific to MCU to run
The problems such as flying.In addition to this, FPGA can will be almost loaded under whole system in same chip, not only greatly reduce volume,
It is also easy to shield and manage, so as to higher reliability.
Further, the hardware in the present invention also has high speed, and the clock delay of FPGA can reach nanosecond, and adopt
With the data processing method of parallel computation, so calculating speed is fast.Therefore, distance protection implementation method of the invention can be realized
It calculates in real time and measures impedance, without startup and phase selection element.Due to without start and phase selection element, the distance protection based on FPGA
With calculating process is simple, high reliability.
The implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit provided by the invention with direction, has the following advantages：According to side
During to circle characteristic phase comparison equation calculation angle, using accounting equation value of real part and judge whether real part is less than 0, instead of
It directly calculates angle to judge whether in 90 °~270 °, so that calculating process is simpler；Secondly, in positive sequence voltage meter
It calculates in module, processing is multiplied byIt is realized using adder during coefficient operation, i.e., by binary code right shift and is added,
It obtainsThe approximation of valueReduce the use of multiplier, so as to save the resource of FPGA；
In addition, having used state machine in positive sequence voltage computing module and distance protection impedance computation module in the present invention, shape is utilized
The time-sharing multiplex of state machine greatly reduces the use of adder, subtracter, multiplier, divider, so as to improve the money of FPGA
Source utilization rate.
Therefore, the present invention is more suitable for relay protection of power system compared to traditional microcomputer interface experiment.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is hardware platform structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is bearing circle distance protection performance plot；
Fig. 3 is directional distance protection algorithm logic block diagram；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of positive sequence voltage computing module A phase voltage positive-sequence component value of real part；
Signal exports flow chart to Fig. 5 in order to control；
Fig. 6 latches output flow chart for positive sequence voltage；
Fig. 7 is the calculation flow chart of A phase ground distance protection act equations；
Fig. 8 is the calculation flow chart of AB phase distance protection operation equations；
Fig. 9 is the work flow diagram of directional distance protection actuating of relay module.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
With reference to figure 1, the present invention completes on the basis of restructurable hardware designing platform for intelligent electric equipment, the hardware platform
Structure mainly includes four parts：Data acquisition module, data processing module, Distance Protection Algorithm module and relay module.
Wherein, data acquisition module is used to acquiring the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by the reactance of acquisition
The input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is inputted as the data of data processing module；Data processing module for pair
Input three-phase voltage current signal is filtered operation, and using the result after filtering operation as the defeated of Distance Protection Algorithm module
Enter；Distance Protection Algorithm module is used to carry out distance protection design to the voltage and current signal that data processing module inputs, will most
Input of the whole action signal as relay；Relay module is acted according to the signal that Distance Protection Algorithm module inputs,
If input signal is height, relay is closed；If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
Further, data acquisition module includes voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switch MUX and A/D converter,
Wherein, voltage, current transformer reduce collected voltage and current, and using the voltage and current signal after diminution as more
The input of path analoging switch MUX；Multiway analog switch MUX carries out voltage and current signal break-make selection, and will select what is passed through
Input of the voltage and current signal as A/D converter；The signal that MUX selections pass through is carried out analog/digital conversion by A/D converter, will
Transformed voltage and current signal is sent into data processing module.
A kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction of the present invention and its implementation are protected according to bearing circle characteristic distance
The basic principle of shield realizes the hardware circuit algorithm of distance protection with formula, and the acting characteristic of bearing circle characteristic distance protection is as schemed
Shown in 2：Z in figuresetTo adjust impedance, ZmTo measure impedance.On the direction for adjusting impedance, action impedance is maximum, is exactly equal to
Impedance is adjusted, the action impedance in other directions both less than adjusts impedance.In the opposite direction for adjusting impedance, action impedance is reduced to 0,
It will not be acted during the failure of direction, impedance original paper has directionality in itself, is protection act area in circle.
Wherein bearing circle characteristic distance protection act equation is as follows：
Absolute value comparison equation is：
Phase comparison equation is：
Z in formulasetTo adjust impedance, ZmTo measure impedance.
The present invention is same to molecule denominator in phase comparison equation to be multiplied by protection installation place by the way of phase bit comparison
Measurement electric current Im, obtain the realization faulty section judgment formula for comparing operating voltage phase method：
U in formulamVoltage, I are measured for protection installation placemTo measure electric current, UmAnd ImLinear combination be known as operating voltage
(offset voltage), i.e.,For offset voltage.
Compare denominator U in operating voltage phase method formulamAlso known as reference voltage or polarizing voltage are used as and judge mouth Uop
The reference of phase.When metallicity phase fault occurs in the outlet of protection installation place positive direction, busbar voltage drops to zero or very little,
It is added to the voltage (U of relaym) it is zero or during less than minimum voltage needed for the actuating of relay, directional relay will appear extremely
Area.Measure impedance ZmImpedance value all very littles, be exactly on the edge of the critical action of impedor, it is possible to forward direction occur and go out
During mouthful short circuit tripping or during reversed terminal short-circuit malfunction situation.So selected phase is answered not change with abort situation, is being exported
For the voltage for 0 as the reference voltage than phase, one of method is not as polarizing voltage using positive sequence voltage when short-circuit.
In unsymmetrical short-circuit, regardless of whether terminal short-circuit, the positive-sequence component of voltage is unlikely to be zero, and its phase and the electricity before short circuit
It presses phase essentially identical, can correctly compare phase with operating voltage.But this method cannot still solve the problems, such as three-phase shortcircuit, because
In the three-phase shortcircuit for exporting metallicity, positive sequence voltage is still zero.Therefore it needs to carry out " memory " to positive sequence voltage, that is, uses and work as
Preceding moment previous cycle or two all wave voltages are as polarizing voltage, i.e.,
In formulaForPositive sequence voltage.
Being formed the alternate and ground distance protection of three-stage in using positive sequence voltage as the route protection of polarizing voltage.It is right
For phase to phase impedance relay,For Joint load transfer,
All it is failure phase or the alternate voltage of failure, electric current.The present invention by calculating action equation, using the value of real part of its result as
Operating criterion if real part is less than 0 (i.e. action justify in), should send out action signal, on the contrary then be failure to actuate.The method of the present invention profit
With simpler clear judgement symbol, reach and the same protecting effect of conventional angle judgment method.
A kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction and its implementation are in the present invention：It is of the invention mainly to use hardware
Description language (HDL), directional distance protection are divided into ground distance protection and phase distance protection, and logical relation is shown in Fig. 3, two kinds
Protection is mainly made of respectively four parts, mainly includes four basic modules：
1) positive sequence voltage computing module：The module exports three-phase voltage positive-sequence component and three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component,
It is made of three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier.Wherein adder-subtractor is used for three-phase voltage and calculates intermediate
The real and imaginary parts of value are added or are subtracted each other, and multiplier finally obtains positive sequence for being multiplied by certain multiple to real and imaginary parts
The real and imaginary parts of component.
In the present invention, in order to effectively save the resource of FPGA, state machine has been used in calculating process.Pass through state machine
Time-sharing multiplex, the use of multiplier can be greatly reduced, so as to greatly improve resource utilization, reduce making for hardware resource
With.A phase voltage positive-sequence component calculation formula are as follows：
In formulaRespectively A phase voltages, B phase voltages, C phase voltages,Positive sequence point for A phase voltages
Amount.
A phase voltage positive-sequence component imaginary parts can similarly be obtained, B phases, C phases, AB is alternate, BC is alternate, CA voltage between phases positive sequences
The real and imaginary parts of component.In this way by the time-sharing multiplex of state machine, with three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier
With regard to the real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage positive-sequence component and three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component can be calculated, so as to be greatly saved
The resource of FPGA.The flow chart for solving A phase voltage positive-sequence component value of real part is as shown in Figure 4.
2) signal and voltage latch output module are controlled：
The module has used six absolute value devices, six comparators and six latch, is used for first with absolute value device
It takes absolute value to the real part or imaginary values of positive sequence voltage component, judges that positive sequence voltage computing module exports secondly by comparator
Positive sequence voltage real part, imaginary part whether be both less than a set-point (i.e. whether in the small rectangle of coordinate origin), so as to judge
Whether it is three-phase shortcircuit, and then exports control signal.The positive sequence voltage exported according to control signal to positive sequence voltage computing module
Latch processing is carried out, if control signal is 0, exports positive sequence voltage in real time；If it is 1 to control signal, when exporting current
Previously stored positive sequence voltage value is carved until control signal becomes 0.Signal exports flow chart to Fig. 5 in order to control, and Fig. 6 is positive sequence voltage
Latch the flow chart of output.
3) directional distance protection computing module：
A. ground distance protection computing module：Mould is calculated based on ground distance protection operation equation design ground distance protection
Block, the parameter of processing includes the three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real and imaginary parts obtained by positive sequence voltage computing module, FFT becomes
The three-phase voltage and the real and imaginary parts of electric current got in return adjust impedance real part and imaginary part and ground distance protection penalty coefficient
K.The module is mainly made of a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and three absolute value devices.
Divider is used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of zero-sequence current；Multiplier A be used for the sum of real part of three-phase current and imaginary part it
It is multiplied by penalty coefficient K respectively；Multiplier B for the real part of electric current or imaginary part are multiplied with the real part or imaginary part for adjusting impedance,
And the real and imaginary parts of operation equation molecule are multiplied respectively with the real and imaginary parts of denominator；Subtracter A for pairReal part calculate；Subtracter B for pairReal and imaginary parts calculate；Adder A and B are used
In being separately summed for three-phase current real and imaginary parts；Adder C is used to askReal and imaginary parts；Absolute value
Device is for operation equation, obtained real part to take absolute value.
In this module design, the mode of state machine is equally employed.In state 1, first acquire three-phase current real part it
With, then COEFFICIENT K is multiplied by, obtain 17 finally by dividerValue of real part；In state 2 in a similar manner
It arrivesImaginary values.Since state 3 calculate A phase operation equations real part, by A phase currents real and imaginary parts respectively with
Real and imaginary parts be added, obtainReal and imaginary parts, then by the former and adjust impedanceReal part be multiplied, and
Result is assigned to M1；It, will in state 4Imaginary part and adjust impedanceImaginary part be multiplied, and result is assigned to
M2, then obtained by M1-M2Real part, finally subtracted with A phase voltage value of real partReal part,
And result is assigned to P1 (operation equation molecule real part)；It, will in state 5Real part and adjust impedanceVoid
Portion is multiplied, and result is assigned to N1；It, will in state 6Imaginary part and adjust impedanceReal part be multiplied, and will
As a result N2 is assigned to, then is obtained by N1+N2Imaginary part, finally subtracted with A phase voltage imaginary values
Imaginary part, and result is assigned to P2 (operation equation molecule imaginary part).B, C phase operation equation point can be acquired respectively with same method
The real and imaginary parts (experience state 7~14) of son.The real part of operation equation molecule is multiplied with the real part of denominator in state 15,
And its result is assigned to R1；Operation equation molecule imaginary part with denominator imaginary part is multiplied, then be added with R1 in state 16, is moved
Make the judgement symbol value of real part of equation.It similarly can be in the hope of B phases and the judgement symbol value of real part of C phase operation equations.
Finally judge whether A, B, C three-phase operation equation real part are less than 0, correspond to output action mark 1 and 0 respectively.Entirely
Process is greatly reduced FPGA resource occupancy using state machine and the time-sharing multiplex of multiplier divider.A phases ground distance is protected
The calculation process of shield operation equation is shown in Fig. 7.
I sections, II sections and III sections of ground distance protection was calculated difference lies in the difference that impedance is adjusted in operation equation
Journey is similar.
B. phase distance protection computing module：Mould is calculated based on phase distance protection operation equation design phase distance protection
Block, the parameter of processing include the three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component real and imaginary parts obtained by positive sequence voltage computing module, FFT
It converts the real and imaginary parts of obtained three-phase voltage and electric current, adjust impedance real part and imaginary part.The module is mainly by a multiplication
Device, three subtracters, an adder and three absolute value device compositions.Multiplier for three-phase current real part or imaginary part with it is whole
Constant impedance real part or imaginary part are multiplied and operation equation molecule real and imaginary parts are multiplied with denominator real and imaginary parts；Subtracter A
For the calculating of three-phase voltage between phases three-phase three-phase current real part；Subtracter B is empty for three-phase voltage between phases three-phase three-phase current
The calculating in portion；Adder is used to calculateReal and imaginary parts；Absolute value device is used for operation equation obtained real part
It takes absolute value.Compared to the calculating process of ground distance protection operation equation, phase distance protection has lacked divider, calculates first
Each voltage between phases and three-phase current, calculating process later are similar with ground distance protection.AB phase distance protections action side
The calculation process of journey is shown in Fig. 8.
4) directional distance protection actuating of relay module：Actuating of relay module includes a timer.First determine whether away from
Whether the output from protection impedance computation module is 1, if so, starting timer.It is fixed by preset action delay T
When device output specified width, which width trigger pulse, driving relay complete trip operation.After trigger pulse, timer resets,
Relay closes a floodgate.Directional distance protection acts I sections, II sections, the III sections of differences difference lies in action delay.Direction distance is protected
The workflow of shield actuating of relay module is shown in Fig. 9.
More than four big module together constitute directional distance protection algoritic module of the present invention, four modules all use
HDL language is write, and integrated development environment uses Quartus softwares, and direction distance is demonstrated by the emulation tool that software carries
The correctness and feasibility of defencive function.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction, which is characterized in that including data acquisition module, data processing module,
Distance Protection Algorithm module and relay module；Wherein,
Data acquisition module, for acquiring the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by the reactance of acquisition
The input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is inputted as the data of data processing module；
Data processing module, for being filtered operation to input three-phase voltage current signal, and by the result after filtering operation
Input as Distance Protection Algorithm module；
Distance Protection Algorithm module, the voltage and current signal for being inputted to data processing module carry out distance protection design, will
Final input of the action signal as relay；
Relay module, the signal for being inputted according to Distance Protection Algorithm module are acted, if input signal is height, after
Electric appliance is closed；If input signal is low, relay disconnects；
Wherein, Distance Protection Algorithm module includes positive sequence voltage computing module, control signal and voltage latch output module, connects
Ground/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection actuating of relay module；Wherein,
Positive sequence voltage computing module measures three-phase current and voltage, and pass through data processing mould for passing through data acquisition module
Block obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage calculates mould to three-phase current and the filtered algorithm of voltage
Root tuber is finally completed three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding difference according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage
The calculating of voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values；
Signal and voltage latch output module are controlled, for by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, i.e., using comparator to positive sequence electricity
The positive sequence voltage component of pressure computing module output carries out judging output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports positive sequence electricity
The value of previous cycle is pressed until control signal becomes 0；If it is 0 to control signal, positive sequence voltage value is directly exported in real time；
Ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module, for the three-phase voltage positive sequence obtained according to voltage latch output module
Component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage current and whole
The real part imaginary values of constant impedance according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judge distance
Whether protection acts, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, it is 1 to put action mark；
Directional distance protection actuating of relay module, for the action for exporting ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module
Mark is assigned to action variable, using final action signal as the input of relay.
A kind of 2. distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 1, which is characterized in that data acquisition module
Including voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switch MUX and A/D converter, wherein,
Voltage, current transformer for collected voltage and current to be reduced, and the voltage and current signal after diminution are made
Input for multiway analog switch MUX；
Multiway analog switch MUX for carrying out break-make selection to voltage and current signal, and will select the voltage and current signal passed through
Input as A/D converter；
A/D converter, the signal for MUX selections to be passed through carry out analog/digital conversion, transformed voltage and current signal are sent into
Data processing module.
3. a kind of implementation method of the distance protection hardware circuit with direction, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of data collecting module collected reactance transformer, and by the reactance transformation of acquisition
The input and output three-phase voltage current signal of device is inputted as the data of data processing module；
2) data processing module is filtered operation to input three-phase voltage current signal, and using the result after filtering operation as
The input of Distance Protection Algorithm module；
3) Distance Protection Algorithm module carries out distance protection design to the voltage and current signal that data processing module inputs, will be final
Input of the action signal as relay；Wherein, Distance Protection Algorithm module include positive sequence voltage computing module, control signal and
Voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection actuating of relay module；Its
Implementation method is as follows：
3-1) positive sequence voltage computing module measures three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and passes through data processing module
To three-phase current and the filtered algorithm of voltage, the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage computing module are obtained
Three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding difference electricity are finally completed according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage
The calculating of positive pressure order components real part imaginary values；
Signal and voltage latch output module 3-2) are controlled by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, i.e., using comparator to positive sequence voltage
The positive sequence voltage component of computing module output carries out judging output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports positive sequence voltage
The value of previous cycle becomes 0 until control signal；If it is 0 to control signal, positive sequence voltage value is directly exported in real time；
3-3) the three-phase voltage positive sequence point that ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module is obtained according to voltage latch output module
It measures real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, the real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage current and adjusts
The real part imaginary values of impedance according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judge that distance is protected
Whether shield acts, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, it is 1 to put action mark；
3-4) the action mark that directional distance protection actuating of relay module exports ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module
Will is assigned to action variable, using final action signal as the input of relay；
4) relay is acted according to the signal that Distance Protection Algorithm module inputs, if input signal is height, relay closes
It closes；If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
A kind of 4. implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Rapid implementation method 1) is as follows：
1-1) voltage, current transformer for collected voltage and current to be reduced, and the voltage and current after diminution are believed
Input number as multiway analog switch MUX；
1-2) multiway analog switch MUX for carrying out break-make selection to voltage and current signal, and will select the voltage and current passed through
Input of the signal as A/D converter；
1-3) A/D converter, the signal for MUX selections to be passed through carries out analog/digital conversion, by transformed voltage and current signal
It is sent into data processing module.
A kind of 5. implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 3-1) implementation method it is as follows：Positive sequence voltage computing module has used three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier,
Wherein three adders are used to be added three-phase voltage with the real and imaginary parts for calculating median with two subtracters or phase
Subtract, multiplier finally obtains the real and imaginary parts of positive-sequence component for being multiplied by certain multiple to real and imaginary parts.
A kind of 6. implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 3-2) implementation method it is as follows：Control signal and voltage latch output module have used six absolute value devices, six comparators
With six latch, six absolute value devices are for taking absolute value to the real part or imaginary values of positive sequence voltage component, six comparisons
Phase voltage or phase potential difference real part imaginary values of the device for being exported to absolute value device are compared, and will compare knot with definite value respectively
Fruit output finally carries out latch output to positive sequence voltage by six latch according to control signal, completes as control signal
The latch of each phase and each difference positive sequence voltage is handled.
A kind of 7. implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 3-3) implementation method it is as follows：
Ground distance protection module has used a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and three exhausted
To being worth device；Wherein, divider is used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of zero-sequence current；One multiplier is used for the real part to three-phase current
The sum of and the sum of imaginary part be multiplied by penalty coefficient K respectively, another multiplier is used for the real part of electric current or imaginary part and adjusts resistance
Anti- real part or imaginary part be multiplied respectively and by the real and imaginary parts of operation equation molecule respectively with the real and imaginary parts phase of denominator
Multiply；One subtracter is used to calculateReal part；Another subtracter is used to calculateReal part and
Imaginary part；The real part that two adders are used to calculate three-phase current mutually sums it up imaginary part addition；A remaining adder is used to calculateReal and imaginary parts；Three absolute value devices are for operation equation, obtained real part to take absolute value, if absolutely
The operation equation value of real part for being worth device output is less than 0, then puts action flag bit 1, be otherwise set to 0；
Phase distance protection module has used a multiplier, two subtracters, an adder and three absolute value devices, multiplication
Device is multiplied respectively for calculating three-phase current real part or imaginary part with adjusting impedance real part or imaginary part and operation equation molecule real part
It is multiplied with imaginary part with denominator real and imaginary parts；One subtracter is used to calculate the reality of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current
Portion；Another subtracter is used to calculate the imaginary part of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current；Adder is used to calculate's
Real and imaginary parts；Three absolute value devices are for operation equation, obtained real part to take absolute value, if the output of absolute value device is dynamic
Make equation value of real part less than 0, then put action flag bit 1, be otherwise set to 0.
A kind of 8. implementation method of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 3-4) implementation method it is as follows：Distance protection relay action module includes a timer, first determines whether that distance protection hinders
Whether the action flag bit of anti-computing module output is 1, if so, starting timer；Secondly prolong by preset action
When T, timer export specified width, which width trigger pulse, driving relay complete trip operation；After trigger pulse, timer
It resets, relay closes a floodgate.
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| CN101183789A (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2008-05-21 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for setting compound characteristic impedance suitable for series capacity compensation circuit |
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| CN101183789A (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2008-05-21 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for setting compound characteristic impedance suitable for series capacity compensation circuit |
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