CN105591370A - Directional distance protection hardware circuit and realization method thereof - Google Patents

Directional distance protection hardware circuit and realization method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105591370A
CN105591370A CN201610069213.9A CN201610069213A CN105591370A CN 105591370 A CN105591370 A CN 105591370A CN 201610069213 A CN201610069213 A CN 201610069213A CN 105591370 A CN105591370 A CN 105591370A
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voltage
phase
distance protection
module
real part
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CN105591370B (en
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宋政湘
薛静
沈钱锋
王建华
宋有波
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional distance protection hardware circuit and a realization method thereof, and belongs to the field of computer application. According to the invention, a large-scale programmable application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology is utilized to design a chip, and the distance protection method comprises four parts of: 1) utilizing the hardware circuit to obtain a positive sequence component of each phase voltage and phase difference voltage; 2) utilizing the hardware circuit to carry out judgment on each positive sequence component (whether is three-phase short-circuited) and generate a control signal, and according to the control signal, carrying out latching processing on the positive sequence components of the voltages and outputting the positive sequence components; 3) utilizing the hardware circuit to complete a directional distance protection impedance calculating module (including interphase and grounding distance protection); and 4) utilizing the hardware circuit to complete a distance protection relay action module. The four parts realize a directional distance protection algorithm module together. According to the invention, an FPGA chip (EP3C400240C8) serves as an intelligent electrical appliance special chip, and the accuracy and feasibility of directional distance protection are verified by means of hardware simulation on the FPGA and testing on a practical protection unit.

Description

A kind of distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction
Technical field:
The invention belongs to computer application field, be specifically related to a kind of distance protection hardware circuit and realization thereof with directionMethod.
Background technology:
In modern power network, along with being on the increase of super-pressure, large capacity, long-distance transmission line, to power systemSafe and stable operation has proposed higher, stricter requirement. Relay protection system is the important component part of power system, and rightIn the circuit of 110kV and above, because load current is large, circuit is long, current protection often can not meet technology to be wantedAsk, thereby need to adopt distance protection.
Present stage distance protection is mainly microcomputer distance protection, and its typical process is:
1) be first that judgement has fault-free through starting element, adopt the side of jump-value of current method and zero sequence drying method combinationFormula;
2) then pass through phase selection element failure judgement phase, conventionally adopt phase differential current Sudden Changing Rate phase selection and current sequence components choosingThe method of phase;
3) finally utilize the impedance of measuring cell computation and measurement and failure judgement direction.
Can see due to need to be after first starting the process of phase selection, the major defect of this method is that impedance computation lacksWeary real-time, and exist start-up course to judge the shortcomings such as the slow and computational process of poor reliability, speed is complicated. On the other hand,The distance protection of tradition microcomputer adopts microcontroller (MCU), but MCU also has intrinsic deficiency, even if DSP also cannot be fundamentallyThe problems such as settlement procedure " race flies ". Therefore, the microcomputer distance protection based on traditional can not meet new algorithm and theoretical wantingAsk.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above prior art, provide one to utilize Programmable ASIC technology realNow distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction, has replaced power system Microcomputer Protection in the past. Provide a kind ofThe method for designing of specific chip of intelligent electric appliance, by Microcomputer Protection special chip, has realized the distance of software realization in the past with hardwareFrom the function of protection.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
With a distance protection hardware circuit for direction, comprise data acquisition module, data processing module, distance protection calculationMethod module and relay module; Wherein,
Data acquisition module, for gathering the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by gatherThe input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer is as the data input of data processing module;
Data processing module, for input three-phase voltage current signal is carried out to filtering operation, and by after filtering operationResult is as the input of Distance Protection Algorithm module;
Distance Protection Algorithm module, establishes for the voltage and current signal of data processing module input is carried out to distance protectionMeter, the input using final actuating signal as relay;
Relay module, for moving according to the signal of Distance Protection Algorithm module input, if input signal is high,Relay closes; If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
The present invention further improves and is, data acquisition module comprises voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switchMUX and A/D converter, wherein,
Voltage, current transformer, for the electric current and voltage collecting is dwindled, and by the electric current and voltage letter after dwindlingNumber as the input of multiway analog switch MUX;
Multiway analog switch MUX, for voltage and current signal is carried out to break-make selection, and by the electric current and voltage of selecting to pass throughSignal is as the input of A/D converter;
A/D converter, for selecting the signal passing through to carry out mould/number conversion MUX, by the voltage and current signal after conversionSend into data processing module.
The present invention further improves and is, Distance Protection Algorithm module comprises positive sequence voltage computing module, control signalAnd voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection actuating of relay module;Wherein,
Positive sequence voltage computing module, for record three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and by data placeReason module, to three-phase current and voltage algorithm after filtering, obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage meterCalculate module and finally complete three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and correspondence according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltageThe calculating of phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values;
Control signal and voltage latch output module, for by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, utilize comparator to alignThe positive sequence voltage component of sequence voltage computing module output judges output control signal, if control signal is 1, output justThe value in last cycle of sequence voltage is until control signal becomes 0; If control signal is 0, directly export in real time positive sequence voltage value;
Ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module, for the three-phase voltage obtaining according to voltage latch output moduleThe real part imaginary values of positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, three-phase voltage current withAnd the real part imaginary values of the impedance of adjusting, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judgementWhether distance protection moves, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, puts action and is masked as 1;
Directional distance protection actuating of relay module, for what export ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation moduleAction mark assignment is given action variable, the input using final actuating signal as relay.
An implementation method for distance protection hardware circuit with direction, comprises the following steps:
1) the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of data collecting module collected reactance transformer, and by the reactance gatheringThe input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is as the data input of data processing module;
2) data processing module carries out filtering operation to input three-phase voltage current signal, and by the result after filtering operationAs the input of Distance Protection Algorithm module;
3) Distance Protection Algorithm module is carried out distance protection design to the voltage and current signal of data processing module input, willFinal actuating signal is as the input of relay;
4) relay moves according to the signal of Distance Protection Algorithm module input, if input signal is high, and relayDevice closure; If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
The present invention further improves and is, step 1) implementation method as follows:
1-1) voltage, current transformer, for the electric current and voltage collecting is dwindled, and by the voltage electricity after dwindlingStream signal is as the input of multiway analog switch MUX;
1-2) multiway analog switch MUX, for voltage and current signal is carried out to break-make selection, and by the voltage of selecting to pass throughCurrent signal is as the input of A/D converter;
1-3) A/D converter, for selecting the signal passing through to carry out mould/number conversion MUX, by the electric current and voltage after conversionSignal is sent into data processing module.
The present invention further improves and is, step 3) in Distance Protection Algorithm module comprise positive sequence voltage computing module,Control signal and voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection relayAction module; Its implementation is as follows:
3-1) positive sequence voltage computing module records three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and passes through data processingModule, to three-phase current and voltage algorithm after filtering, obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, and positive sequence voltage calculatesModule finally completes three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltageThe calculating of potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values;
3-2) control signal and voltage latch output module, by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, utilize comparator to positive sequenceThe positive sequence voltage component of voltage computing module output judges output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports positive sequenceThe value in last cycle of voltage is until control signal becomes 0; If control signal is 0, directly export in real time positive sequence voltage value;
The three-phase electricity positive pressure that 3-3) ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module obtains according to voltage latch output moduleThe real part imaginary values of order component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, three-phase voltage current andThe adjust real part imaginary values of impedance, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judges distanceWhether move from protection, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, puts action and be masked as 1;
3-4) directional distance protection actuating of relay module moving the output of ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation moduleMake mark assignment to action variable, the input using final actuating signal as relay.
The present invention further improves and is, step 3-1) implementation method as follows: positive sequence voltage computing module has usedThree adders, two subtracters and a multiplier, wherein three adders and two subtracters for to three-phase voltage andReal part and the imaginary part of calculating median are added or subtract each other, and multiplier is for real part and imaginary part are multiplied by certain multiple, finalObtain real part and the imaginary part of positive-sequence component.
The present invention further improves and is, step 3-2) implementation method as follows: control signal and voltage latch outputModule has been used six absolute value devices, six comparators and six latch, and six absolute value devices are used for positive sequence voltage componentReal part or imaginary values take absolute value, six comparators are for phase voltage or phase potential difference real part void to the output of absolute value devicePortion's value compares with definite value respectively, and comparative result is exported as control signal, finally passes through six according to control signalLatch carries out latch output to positive sequence voltage, completes each phase and respectively differs the latch processing of positive sequence voltage.
The present invention further improves and is, step 3-3) implementation method as follows:
Ground distance protection module has been used a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and threeIndividual absolute value device; Wherein, divider is for calculating real part and the imaginary part of zero-sequence current; Multiplier is for to three-phase currentReal part sum and imaginary part sum are multiplied by respectively penalty coefficient K, and another multiplier is used for the real part of electric current or imaginary part and wholeThe real part of constant impedance or imaginary part multiply each other respectively and by the real part of operation equation molecule and imaginary part respectively with real part and the void of denominatorPortion multiplies each other; A subtracter is for calculatingReal part; Another subtracter is for calculatingRealityPortion and imaginary part; Two adders are added and imaginary part addition for calculating the real part of three-phase current; Remain an adder for meterCalculateReal part and imaginary part; Three absolute value devices take absolute value for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieve, ifThe operation equation value of real part of absolute value device output is less than 0, puts action flag bit 1, otherwise is set to 0;
Phase distance protection module has been used a multiplier, two subtracters, an adder and three absolute value devices,Multiplier is used for calculating three-phase current real part or imaginary part and adjust impedance real part or imaginary part multiply each other respectively, and operation equation moleculeReal part and imaginary part and denominator real part and imaginary part multiply each other; Subtracter is for calculating three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase currentReal part; Another subtracter is for calculating the imaginary part of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current; Adder is for calculatingReal part and imaginary part; Three absolute value devices take absolute value for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieve, if absolute value deviceThe operation equation value of real part of output is less than 0, puts action flag bit 1, otherwise is set to 0.
The present invention further improves and is, step 3-4) implementation method as follows: distance protection relay action moduleComprise a timer, first whether the action flag bit of judging distance protection impedance computation module output is 1, if so, opensMoving timer; Secondly through predefined action delay T, the trigger impulse of timer output specified width, which width, drives relayComplete tripping operation action; After trigger impulse finishes, timer resets, and relay closes a floodgate.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
Distance protection hardware circuit with direction provided by the invention is to adopt FPGA based on ASIC special IC(field programmable gate array) chip designs, and has replaced traditional microcomputer distance protection design, has replaced software with hardwareRealize the function of distance protection. FPGA device based on EDA technology has overcome the essential defect of MCU, has high reliability. FPGAAdopt advanced JTAG-ISP and at system configuration programming mode, and do not have that the peculiar reset of MCU is unreliable runs with PCThe problem such as fly. In addition, FPGA almost can will be loaded under whole system in same chip, has not only greatly dwindled volume,Also be easy to shielding and management, thereby there is higher reliability.
Further, the hardware in the present invention also has high speed, and the clock delay of FPGA can reach nanosecond, and adoptsWith the data processing method of parallel computation, so computational speed is fast. Therefore, distance protection implementation method of the present invention can realizeComputation and measurement impedance in real time, need not start and phase selection element. Due to without start and phase selection element, based on the distance protection of FPGAHave that computational process is simple, high reliability.
The implementation method of the distance protection hardware circuit with direction provided by the invention, has the following advantages: according to sideWhile calculating angle to circle characteristic phase place comparison equation, adopt accounting equation value of real part and judge whether real part is less than 0, replacingDirectly calculate angle and judge whether in 90 °～270 °, thereby make computational process simpler; Secondly, at positive sequence voltage meterCalculate in module, processing is multiplied byWhen coefficient computing, utilize adder to realize, by binary code right shift addition,ObtainThe approximation of valueReduce the use of multiplier, thereby saved the resource of FPGA;In addition, in the present invention, in positive sequence voltage computing module and distance protection impedance computation module, use state machine, utilized shapeThe time-sharing multiplex of state machine, has greatly reduced the use of adder, subtracter, multiplier, divider, thereby has improved the money of FPGASource utilization rate.
Therefore, the present invention is more suitable for relay protection of power system than traditional microcomputer distance protection.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is hardware platform structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is bearing circle distance protection performance plot;
Fig. 3 is directional distance protection algorithm logic block diagram;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of positive sequence voltage computing module A phase voltage positive-sequence component value of real part;
Fig. 5 is control signal output flow chart;
Fig. 6 is positive sequence voltage latch output flow chart;
Fig. 7 is the calculation flow chart of A phase ground distance protection operation equation;
Fig. 8 is the calculation flow chart of AB phase distance protection operation equation;
Fig. 9 is the workflow diagram of directional distance protection actuating of relay module.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
With reference to figure 1, the present invention completes on the basis of restructurable hardware designing platform for intelligent electric equipment, this hardware platformStructure mainly comprises four parts: data acquisition module, data processing module, Distance Protection Algorithm module and relay module.Wherein, data acquisition module is used for gathering the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by the reactance gatheringThe input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is as the data input of data processing module; Data processing module is for rightInput three-phase voltage current signal carries out filtering operation, and defeated using the result after filtering operation as Distance Protection Algorithm moduleEnter; Distance Protection Algorithm module, will be for the voltage and current signal of data processing module input is carried out to distance protection designWhole actuating signal is as the input of relay; Relay module is moved according to the signal of Distance Protection Algorithm module input,If input signal is high, relay closes; If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
Further, data acquisition module comprises voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switch MUX and A/D converter,Wherein, voltage, current transformer dwindle the electric current and voltage collecting, and voltage and current signal after dwindling is as manyThe input of path analoging switch MUX; Multiway analog switch MUX carries out break-make selection to voltage and current signal, and selection is passed throughVoltage and current signal is as the input of A/D converter; A/D converter selects the signal passing through to carry out mould/number conversion MUX, willVoltage and current signal after conversion is sent into data processing module.
A kind of distance protection hardware circuit and its implementation with direction of the present invention is to protect according to bearing circle characteristic distanceThe general principle of protecting and formula are realized the hardware circuit algorithm of distance protection, and the acting characteristic of bearing circle characteristic distance protection is as figureShown in 2: Z in figuresetFor the impedance of adjusting, ZmFor measuring impedance. In the direction of impedance of adjusting, action impedance maximum, just in time equalsThe impedance of adjusting, the action impedance of other directions is all less than the impedance of adjusting. At the rightabout of impedance of adjusting, action impedance reduces to 0,When direction fault, can not move, impedance original paper itself has directionality, is protection active region in circle.
Wherein bearing circle characteristic distance protection operation equation is as follows:
Absolute value comparison equation is:
Phase place comparison equation is:
Z in formulasetFor the impedance of adjusting, ZmFor measuring impedance.
The present invention adopts the mode of phase bit comparison, and molecule denominator in phase place comparison equation is protected to installation place with being multiplied byMeasurement electric current Im, what obtain comparison operating voltage phase method realizes faulty section judgment formula:
U · O P = U · m - I · m Z s e t
U in formulamFor protection installation place measuring voltage, ImFor measuring electric current, UmAnd ImLinear combination be called operating voltage(bucking voltage),For bucking voltage.
Relatively denominator U in operating voltage phase method formulamBe called again reference voltage or polarizing voltage, it is as judgement mouthful UopThe reference of phase place. When in the time that metallicity phase fault occurs the positive direction outlet of protection installation place, busbar voltage drops to zero or very little,Be added to the voltage (U of relaym) be zero or while being less than the required minimum voltage of the actuating of relay, directional relay there will be extremelyDistrict. Measure impedance ZmResistance value all very little, just in time, on the edge in the critical action of impedor, likely occur that forward goes outThe situation of tripping or malfunction while oppositely exporting short circuit when mouthful short circuit. So answer selected phase not change, exporting with abort situationWhen short circuit, be not 0 voltage as than the reference voltage of phase, one of them method is to adopt positive sequence voltage as polarizing voltage.In the time of unsymmetrical short-circuit, no matter whether export short circuit, the positive-sequence component of voltage can not be zero, and electricity before its phase place and short circuitPressure phase place is basic identical, can be with operating voltage correctly than phase. But this method still can not solve the problem of three-phase shortcircuit, becauseIn the time of the metallic three-phase shortcircuit of outlet, positive sequence voltage remains zero. Therefore need positive sequence voltage to carry out " memory ", with working asPrevious cycle of front moment or two all wave voltages are as polarizing voltage,
In formulaForPositive sequence voltage.
In route protection taking positive sequence voltage as polarizing voltage in order to form the alternate and ground distance protection of syllogic. RightPhase to phase impedance relay,Docking ground impedance relay,All voltage, the electric current between fault phase or fault phase. The present invention by calculate operation equation, using the value of real part of its result asOperating criterion, if real part is less than 0 (in action circle), should sends actuating signal, otherwise be failure to actuate. The inventive method profitWith more simple and clear judgement symbol, reach the protection effect same with traditional angle determination methods.
In the present invention, a kind of distance protection hardware circuit and implementation thereof with direction is: the present invention mainly uses hardwareDescriptive language (HDL), directional distance protection is divided into ground distance protection and phase distance protection, and its logical relation is shown in Fig. 3, two kindsProtection is mainly made up of four parts respectively, mainly comprises four basic modules:
1) positive sequence voltage computing module: this module output three-phase voltage positive-sequence component and three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component,Formed by three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier. Wherein adder-subtractor is for middle to three-phase voltage and calculatingThe real part of value and imaginary part are added or subtract each other, and multiplier, for real part and imaginary part are multiplied by certain multiple, finally obtains positive sequenceThe real part of component and imaginary part.
In the present invention, in order effectively to save the resource of FPGA, in computational process, used state machine. Pass through state machineTime-sharing multiplex, can greatly reduce the use of multiplier, thereby greatly improve resource utilization, reduce the making of hardware resourceWith. A phase voltage positive-sequence component computing formula is as follows:
In formulaBe respectively A phase voltage, B phase voltage, C phase voltage,For the positive sequence of A phase voltage is dividedAmount.
In the time calculating A phase voltage positive-sequence component, the real part that first convert according to FFT the B phase voltage obtaining in state 1 withImaginary part, tries to achieveReal part, then try to achieveReal part; In state 2, equally first try to achieveReal part,The real part of trying to achieve with state 1 is again added, and is finally multiplied by coefficientObtain the value of real part of A phase voltage positive-sequence component. The present inventionIn, be multiplied byCoefficient utilizes adder to realize, and, by binary code right shift addition, obtainsThe approximation of value ( 1 4 + 1 16 + 1 64 = 21 64 ≈ 1 3 ) .
In like manner can obtain A phase voltage positive-sequence component imaginary part, B phase, C phase, AB is alternate, BC is alternate, CA voltage between phases positive sequenceThe real part of component and imaginary part. Like this by the time-sharing multiplex of state machine, with three adders, two subtracters and a multiplierJust can calculate the real part imaginary values of three-phase voltage positive-sequence component and three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component, thereby greatly saveThe resource of FPGA. Solve the flow chart of A phase voltage positive-sequence component value of real part as shown in Figure 4.
2) control signal and voltage latch output module:
This module has been used six absolute value devices, six comparators and six latch, first utilize absolute value device forReal part or imaginary values to positive sequence voltage component take absolute value, and secondly judge the output of positive sequence voltage computing module by comparatorPositive sequence voltage real part, imaginary part whether be all less than a set-point (whether in the little rectangle of the origin of coordinates), thereby judgementWhether be three-phase shortcircuit, and then output control signal. Positive sequence voltage according to control signal to the output of positive sequence voltage computing moduleCarry out latch processing, if control signal is 0, export in real time positive sequence voltage; If control signal is 1, export when currentThe positive sequence voltage value of preserving before carving is until control signal becomes 0. Fig. 5 is control signal output flow chart, and Fig. 6 is positive sequence voltageThe flow chart of latch output.
3) directional distance protection computing module:
A. ground distance protection computing module: calculate mould based on ground distance protection operation equation design ground distance protectionPiece, the parameter of its processing comprises that the three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part and imaginary part, the FFT that are obtained by positive sequence voltage computing module becomeThe three-phase voltage of getting in return and the real part of electric current and imaginary part, adjust impedance real part and imaginary part and ground distance protection penalty coefficientK. This module is mainly made up of a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and three absolute value devices.Divider is for calculating real part and the imaginary part of zero-sequence current; Multiplier A for real part sum to three-phase current and imaginary part itBe multiplied by respectively penalty coefficient K; Multiplier B for by real part or the imaginary part of the real part of electric current or imaginary part and the impedance of adjusting multiply each other,And the real part of operation equation molecule and imaginary part are multiplied each other with real part and the imaginary part of denominator respectively; Subtracter A is for rightReal part calculate; Subtracter B is for rightReal part and imaginary part calculate; Adder A and B are used forThe addition respectively of three-phase current real part and imaginary part; Adder C is used for askingReal part and imaginary part; Absolute value deviceTake absolute value for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieve.
In this modular design, adopt equally the mode of state machine. In state 1, first try to achieve three-phase current real part itWith, then be multiplied by COEFFICIENT K, finally obtain 17 by dividerValue of real part; In state 2, obtain with similar methodArriveImaginary values. Start to calculate the real part of A phase operation equation from state 3, by A phase current real part and imaginary part respectively withReal part and imaginary part be added, obtainReal part and imaginary part, then by the former and the impedance of adjustingReal part multiply each other, and willResult is assigned to M1; In state 4, willImaginary part and the impedance of adjustingImaginary part multiply each other, and result is assigned to M2,Obtained by M1-M2 againReal part, finally deduct by A phase voltage value of real partReal part, and willResult is assigned to P1 (operation equation molecule real part); In state 5, willReal part and the impedance of adjustingImaginary part phaseTake advantage of, and result is assigned to N1; In state 6, willImaginary part and the impedance of adjustingReal part multiply each other, and by resultBe assigned to N2, then obtained by N1+N2Imaginary part, finally deduct by A phase voltage imaginary values'sImaginary part, and result is assigned to P2 (operation equation molecule imaginary part). Use the same method and can try to achieve respectively B, C phase operation equation moleculeReal part and imaginary part (experience state 7～14). In state 15, the real part of the real part of operation equation molecule and denominator is multiplied each other, andIts result is assigned to R1; In state 16, operation equation molecule imaginary part and denominator imaginary part are multiplied each other, then be added with R1, movedThe judgement symbol value of real part of equation. In like manner can be in the hope of the judgement symbol value of real part of B phase and C phase operation equation.
Finally judge whether A, B, C three-phase operation equation real part are less than 0, respectively corresponding output action mark 1 and 0. WholeProcess is utilized the time-sharing multiplex of state machine and multiplier divider, and FPGA resource occupation is greatly reduced. A phase ground distance is protectedProtect the calculation process of operation equation and see Fig. 7.
The difference of ground distance protection I section, II section and III section be to adjust in the operation equation difference of impedance, calculatedJourney is similar.
B. phase distance protection computing module: calculate mould based on phase distance protection operation equation design phase distance protectionPiece, the parameter of its processing comprises the three-phase voltage between phases positive-sequence component real part that obtained by positive sequence voltage computing module and imaginary part, FFTThe three-phase voltage that conversion obtains and real part and the imaginary part of electric current, adjust impedance real part and imaginary part. This module is mainly by a multiplicationDevice, three subtracters, an adder and three absolute value device compositions. Multiplier is for three-phase current real part or imaginary part and wholeConstant impedance real part or imaginary part multiply each other, and operation equation molecule real part and imaginary part and denominator real part and imaginary part multiply each other; Subtracter AFor the calculating of three-phase voltage between phases three-phase three-phase current real part; Subtracter B is for three-phase voltage between phases three-phase three-phase current voidThe calculating of portion; Adder is for calculatingReal part and imaginary part; Absolute value device is got for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieveAbsolute value. Than the computational process of ground distance protection operation equation, phase distance protection has lacked divider, first calculates eachVoltage between phases and three-phase current, computational process and ground distance protection are afterwards similar. AB phase distance protection operation equationCalculation process see Fig. 8.
4) directional distance protection actuating of relay module: actuating of relay module comprises a timer. First judge distanceWhether the output from protection impedance computation module is 1, if so, starts timer. Through predefined action delay T, fixedTime device output specified width, which width trigger impulse, drive relay to complete tripping operation action. After trigger impulse finishes, timer resets,Relay closes a floodgate. The difference of directional distance protection action I section, II section, III section is the difference of action delay. Direction is apart from guarantorProtect the workflow of actuating of relay module and see Fig. 9.
Above four large modules have formed directional distance protection algoritic module of the present invention jointly, and four modules are all usedHDL language compilation, integrated development environment uses Quartus software, and the emulation tool carrying by software has been verified direction distanceThe correctness of defencive function and feasibility.

Claims (10)

1. the distance protection hardware circuit with direction, is characterized in that, comprise data acquisition module, data processing module,Distance Protection Algorithm module and relay module; Wherein,
Data acquisition module, for gathering the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of reactance transformer, and by the reactance gatheringThe input and output three-phase voltage current signal of transformer is as the data input of data processing module;
Data processing module, for input three-phase voltage current signal is carried out to filtering operation, and by the result after filtering operationAs the input of Distance Protection Algorithm module;
Distance Protection Algorithm module, for the voltage and current signal of data processing module input is carried out to distance protection design, willFinal actuating signal is as the input of relay;
Relay module, for moving according to the signal of Distance Protection Algorithm module input, if input signal is high, continuesElectrical equipment closure; If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
2. a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 1, is characterized in that data acquisition moduleComprise voltage, current transformer, multiway analog switch MUX and A/D converter, wherein,
Voltage, current transformer, for the electric current and voltage collecting is dwindled, and make the voltage and current signal after dwindlingFor the input of multiway analog switch MUX;
Multiway analog switch MUX, for voltage and current signal is carried out to break-make selection, and by the voltage and current signal of selecting to pass throughAs the input of A/D converter;
A/D converter, for selecting the signal passing through to carry out mould/number conversion MUX, sends into the voltage and current signal after conversionData processing module.
3. a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 1, is characterized in that Distance Protection AlgorithmModule comprises positive sequence voltage computing module, control signal and voltage latch output module, ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computationModule and directional distance protection actuating of relay module; Wherein,
Positive sequence voltage computing module, for record three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and by data processing mouldPiece, to three-phase current and voltage algorithm after filtering, obtains the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, and positive sequence voltage calculates mouldPiece finally completes three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage and correspondence differsThe calculating of voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values;
Control signal and voltage latch output module, for by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, utilize comparator to positive sequence electricityPress the positive sequence voltage component of computing module output to judge output control signal, if control signal is 1, export positive sequence electricityPress the value in last cycle until control signal becomes 0; If control signal is 0, directly export in real time positive sequence voltage value;
Ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module, for the three-phase voltage positive sequence obtaining according to voltage latch output moduleThe real part imaginary values of component real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, three-phase voltage current and wholeThe real part imaginary values of constant impedance, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judging distanceWhether protection moves, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, puts action and is masked as 1;
Directional distance protection actuating of relay module, for the action that ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module is exportedMark assignment is given action variable, the input using final actuating signal as relay.
4. an implementation method for the distance protection hardware circuit with direction, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) the input and output three-phase voltage current signal of data collecting module collected reactance transformer, and by the reactance transformation gatheringThe input and output three-phase voltage current signal of device is as the data input of data processing module;
2) data processing module carries out filtering operation to input three-phase voltage current signal, and using the result after filtering operation asThe input of Distance Protection Algorithm module;
3) Distance Protection Algorithm module is carried out distance protection design to the voltage and current signal of data processing module input, will be finalActuating signal is as the input of relay;
4) relay moves according to the signal of Distance Protection Algorithm module input, if input signal is high, relay closesClose; If input signal is low, relay disconnects.
5. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 4, is characterized in that, stepRapid 1) implementation method is as follows:
1-1) voltage, current transformer, for the electric current and voltage collecting is dwindled, and by the electric current and voltage letter after dwindlingNumber as the input of multiway analog switch MUX;
1-2) multiway analog switch MUX, for voltage and current signal is carried out to break-make selection, and by the electric current and voltage of selecting to pass throughSignal is as the input of A/D converter;
1-3) A/D converter, for selecting the signal passing through to carry out mould/number conversion MUX, by the voltage and current signal after conversionSend into data processing module.
6. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 4, is characterized in that, stepRapid 3) in, Distance Protection Algorithm module comprises positive sequence voltage computing module, control signal and voltage latch output module, ground connection/phaseSpacing protection impedance computation module and directional distance protection actuating of relay module; Its implementation is as follows:
3-1) positive sequence voltage computing module records three-phase current and voltage by data acquisition module, and passes through data processing moduleTo three-phase current and voltage algorithm after filtering, obtain the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage, positive sequence voltage computing moduleFinally complete three-phase voltage positive-sequence component real part imaginary values and correspondence according to the real part imaginary values of three-phase current and voltage and differ electricityPress the calculating of positive-sequence component real part imaginary values;
3-2) control signal and voltage latch output module, by judging whether three-phase shortcircuit, utilize comparator to positive sequence voltageThe positive sequence voltage component of computing module output judges output control signal, if control signal is 1, exports positive sequence voltageThe value in last cycle is until control signal becomes 0; If control signal is 0, directly export in real time positive sequence voltage value;
The three-phase voltage positive sequence that 3-3) ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module obtains according to voltage latch output module is dividedMeasure the real part imaginary values of real part imaginary values and corresponding phase potential difference positive-sequence component real part imaginary values, three-phase voltage current and adjustThe real part imaginary values of impedance, according to the bearing circle distance protection operation equation of phase bit comparison, by computing impedance, judging distance is protectedProtect and whether move, if the real part of result of calculation is less than 0, puts action and be masked as 1;
3-4) directional distance protection actuating of relay module is by the action mark of ground connection/phase distance protection impedance computation module outputWill assignment is given action variable, the input using final actuating signal as relay.
7. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 6, is characterized in that, stepRapid 3-1) implementation method as follows: positive sequence voltage computing module has used three adders, two subtracters and a multiplier,Wherein three adders and two subtracters are for to three-phase voltage with calculate the real part of median and imaginary part is added or phaseSubtract, multiplier, for real part and imaginary part are multiplied by certain multiple, finally obtains real part and the imaginary part of positive-sequence component.
8. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 6, is characterized in that, stepRapid 3-2) implementation method as follows: control signal and voltage latch output module have used six absolute value devices, six comparatorsWith six latch, six absolute value devices take absolute value for real part or imaginary values to positive sequence voltage component, six comparisonsDevice compares with definite value respectively for phase voltage or phase potential difference real part imaginary values that absolute value device is exported, and will relatively tieFruit output, as control signal, is finally carried out latch output by six latch to positive sequence voltage according to control signal, completesTo each phase with respectively differ the latch processing of positive sequence voltage.
9. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 6, is characterized in that, stepRapid 3-3) implementation method as follows:
Ground distance protection module has been used a divider, two multipliers, two subtracters, three adders and three absolutelyTo value device; Wherein, divider is for calculating real part and the imaginary part of zero-sequence current; A multiplier is for the real part to three-phase currentSum and imaginary part sum are multiplied by respectively penalty coefficient K, and another multiplier is used for the real part of electric current or imaginary part and the resistance of adjustingAnti-real part or imaginary part multiply each other respectively and by the real part of operation equation molecule and imaginary part respectively with real part and the imaginary part phase of denominatorTake advantage of; A subtracter is for calculatingReal part; Another subtracter is for calculatingReal part andImaginary part; Two adders are added and imaginary part addition for calculating the real part of three-phase current; Remain an adder for calculatingReal part and imaginary part; Three absolute value devices take absolute value for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieve, if absolutelyOperation equation value of real part to the output of value device is less than 0, puts action flag bit 1, otherwise is set to 0;
Phase distance protection module has been used a multiplier, two subtracters, an adder and three absolute value devices, multiplicationDevice is used for calculating three-phase current real part or imaginary part and adjust impedance real part or imaginary part multiply each other respectively, and operation equation molecule real partMultiply each other with imaginary part and denominator real part and imaginary part; A subtracter is for calculating the reality of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase currentPortion; Another subtracter is for calculating the imaginary part of three-phase voltage between phases and three-phase three-phase current; Adder is for calculating'sReal part and imaginary part; Three absolute value devices take absolute value for the real part that operation equation is tried to achieve, if the output of absolute value device is movingMake equation value of real part and be less than 0, put action flag bit 1, otherwise be set to 0.
10. the implementation method of a kind of distance protection hardware circuit with direction according to claim 6, is characterized in that,Step 3-4) implementation method as follows: distance protection relay action module comprises a timer, first judging distance protectionWhether the action flag bit of impedance computation module output is 1, if so, starts timer; Secondly through predefined actionTime delay T, the trigger impulse of timer output specified width, which width, drives relay to complete tripping operation action; After trigger impulse finishes, regularlyDevice resets, and relay closes a floodgate.
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