CN105590713A - Permanent magnet and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN105590713A CN105590713A CN201410581804.5A CN201410581804A CN105590713A CN 105590713 A CN105590713 A CN 105590713A CN 201410581804 A CN201410581804 A CN 201410581804A CN 105590713 A CN105590713 A CN 105590713A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof. The permanent magnet contains light rare earth elements whose weight percentage is about 23% to 34%, heavy rare earth elements whose weight percentage is lower than 5%, and metal alloy components including copper, cobalt, aluminium, gallium, zirconium, or the combination of the elements, with the balance being iron, boron, or the combination of the two, containing impurities or not containing impurities. The light rare earth elements comprise neodymium and praseodymium. In the permanent magnet, the weight percentage of the neodymium is larger than that of the praseodymium, but is smaller than three times of the weight percentage of the neodymium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of contain micro-heavy rare earth element or not containing the permanent magnet of heavy rare earth element andManufacture method.
Background technology
The permanent magnet that contains rare earth element is applied to manufacture computer, motor, generator, automobile, windPower turbine, windmill, experiment equipment, medical equipment and other equipment or device. One of permanent magnetIndividual prominent example is the magnet containing Nd Fe B alloys. For obtaining the high neodymium iron boron magnetic body of coercivity, meeting existsWherein add the heavy rare earth element that magnetocrystalline anisotropy field is higher, as terbium and dysprosium. The heavy rare earth such as terbium and dysprosium unitElement is valuable element, uses these a small amount of elements just can significantly promote the cost of magnet in magnet.Therefore, but need to research and develop that a kind of heavy rare-earth element content is low as far as possible has a compatible magnet performancePermanent magnet and production technology thereof.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention relates to a kind of permanent magnet. This permanent magnet comprise percentage by weight be about 23% to34% LREE, percentage by weight lower than 5% heavy rare earth element and comprise copper, cobalt, aluminium,The metal alloy composition of the combination of gallium, zirconium or these elements, surplus comprises iron, boron, or the group of the twoClose, can containing or free from foreign meter. Wherein, described LREE comprises didymum. In this permanent magnetThe percentage by weight of neodymium is greater than the percentage by weight of praseodymium, but is less than the percentage by weight of the praseodymium of three times.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of method of manufacturing permanent magnet. In the method, will contain heavilyThe master alloying powder that amount percentage is less than approximately 32% rare earth element with contain percentage by weight and be greater than approximately 32%The auxiliary alloy powder of rare earth element mix. Described mixture of powders is shaped to powdered compact, then to thisPowdered compact carries out sintering and annealing in process.
Brief description of the drawings
Be described for embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings, the present invention may be better understood,In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S1.
Fig. 2 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S2.
Fig. 3 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S3.
Fig. 4 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S4.
Fig. 5 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S5.
Fig. 6 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S6.
Fig. 7 is the demagnetizing curve figure of permanent magnet sample S7.
Detailed description of the invention
It is low as far as possible that the embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of heavy rare-earth element content, but well behaved permanent magnet,And manufacture the method for this kind of permanent magnet.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term using in claims and description or scientific terminology shouldThere is the ordinary meaning that the personage of general technical ability understands in for the technical field of the invention. The present inventionThe similar word such as " one " or " one " using in patent application specification and claims is notRepresent restricted number, but represent to exist at least one. The language of approximation used herein can be usedIn quantitative expression, show can allow quantity to have certain variation in the situation that not changing basic function. CauseThis, the numerical value of using the language such as " approximately ", " approximately ", " left and right " to revise is not limited to this accurate numerical value itself.In addition,, in the statement of " the approximately first numerical value is to second value ", " approximately " revises the first numerical value and simultaneouslyTwo two of numerical value numerical value. At least in some cases, approximation language may have with the precision of measuring instrumentClose. Given number range can merge or exchange mutually herein, unless there is other Languages limit in literary compositionFixed, these scopes should comprise contained subrange in scope.
In the present invention, mentioned numerical value comprises all numerical value that Yi Ge unit, a unit increases from low to high,Suppose unit, at least two, interval between any lower value and high value herein. For instance, ifThe value of the quantity of a component or a technological parameter, such as, temperature, pressure, time etc., be from1 to 90,20 to 80 is better, and 30 to 70 the bests are to want to express 15 to arrive to 85,22 to 68,43What 51,30 to 32 numerical value such as grade had all been understood is set forth in this description. For the numerical value that is less than 1,0.0001,0.001,0.01 or 0.1 is considered to a more suitable unit. Aforementioned just hoping will be shownThe special example reaching, is allly all regarded as with similar in the minimum combinations of values between peak of enumeratingMode is clearly listed as in this manual.
" rare earth element " using in the present invention refers to collecting of 17 kinds of chemical elements in the periodic table of elements,Comprise the combination of scandium, yttrium, 15 kinds of lanthanide series or these elements. 15 kinds of lanthanide series comprise lanthanum, cerium,Praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium. In the present invention, use" LREE " comprises scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium or these elementsCombination. " heavy rare earth element " using in the present invention comprise gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium,The combination of lutetium or these elements.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of permanent magnet, it comprise percentage by weight be about 23% to34% LREE, this LREE comprises didymum, wherein the weight hundred of neodymium in this permanent magnetProportion by subtraction is greater than the percentage by weight of praseodymium, but is less than the percentage by weight of the praseodymium of three times, (Pr < Nd < 3Pr). PraseodymiumCan improve the HCJ (Hcj) of magnet, this for magnet the application of hot environment veryImportant, but this element can make the temperature stability of magnet relatively poor, and neodymium element can improve temperatureStability. Component described herein can be in improving the HCJ (Hcj) of magnet, in factThe temperature stability of current prestige. In certain embodiments, neodymium is with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnetIn 13% to 20% scope. In certain embodiments, praseodymium is with respect to the weight hundred of whole permanent magnetProportion by subtraction is in 7% to 14% scope.
This permanent magnet also comprises that percentage by weight is lower than 5% heavy rare earth element. In certain embodiments, instituteState heavy rare earth element and comprise dysprosium, holmium or the combination of the two. For example, in a specific embodiment, permanent magnetismBody comprises the dysprosium that percentage by weight is less than approximately 4.5%, the holmium that percentage by weight is less than approximately 0.8%, and weightThe terbium that percentage is less than approximately 0.02%. In a specific embodiment, permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is littleIn approximately 0.02% dysprosium, the holmium that percentage by weight is less than approximately 0.02%, and percentage by weight is less than approximately 0.02%Terbium. Consider manufacturing in permanent magnet process, in raw material, may have impurity, at permanent magnetThe element (as dysprosium, holmium or terbium) that middle percentage by weight is less than approximately 0.02%, can think in permanent magnet substantiallyNot this element.
In certain embodiments, rare earth element (comprising LREE and heavy rare earth element) is with respect to wholeThe percentage by weight of individual permanent magnet is in 28% to 34% scope. In some specific embodiments, shouldScope is about 28% to 32%.
Described permanent magnet also comprises metal alloy composition, this metal alloy composition comprise copper, cobalt, aluminium, gallium,The combination of zirconium or these elements. The surplus of described permanent magnet is iron, boron, or the combination of the two, canContaining or free from foreign meter.
In certain embodiments, described permanent magnet comprises niobium. Niobium is with respect to the weight percent of permanent magnet entiretyThan can be in the scope that is about 0.1% to 0.8%, in certain embodiments, be about 0.1% to 0.5%In scope, in some specific embodiment, in the scope that is about 0.15% to 0.4%. Real at someExecute in example, permanent magnet comprises copper. Copper can be greater than approximately 0.2% with respect to the percentage by weight of permanent magnet entirety,In certain embodiments, in the scope that is about 0.4% to 1.2%. In certain embodiments, permanent magnet bagDraw together cobalt. Cobalt can be in the scope that is about 0.5% to 4.4% with respect to the percentage by weight of permanent magnet entirety,In some embodiment, being about in 0.8% to 1.8% scope.
In certain embodiments, permanent magnet comprises the aluminium that percentage by weight is greater than approximately 1%. For example,, at someIn embodiment, dysprosium is less than approximately 0.02% with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnet, and aluminium is with respect to wholeThe percentage by weight of permanent magnet is greater than approximately 1.5%. In other embodiment, dysprosium is with respect to whole permanent magnetismThe percentage by weight of body is greater than approximately 0.02%, and aluminium arrives about 1% with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnetIn 1.5% scope.
In certain embodiments, permanent magnet comprises gallium, zirconium or the combination of the two. The relatively whole permanent magnet of galliumPercentage by weight can be less than approximately 0.5, zirconium can be less than approximately 0.3 with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnet.
Described permanent magnet has little and uniform crystallite dimension, and this contributes to improve its performance. In some enforcementIn example, the average grain size of described permanent magnet is in the scope of 1.5 microns to 4 microns, at someIn specific embodiment, in the scope of 2 microns to 3 microns.
Permanent magnet described herein is obtained good balance, these performances between cost efficiency and performanceComprise HCJ, remanent magnetism and maximum magnetic energy product.
" coercivity " used herein or " coercivity " they are (Hc) a kind of performances of permanent magnet, itsRepresentative is after the magnetic saturation of magnet, for permanent magnet induction being reduced to the amount of zero required demagnetizing force.Conventionally, coercivity or coercivity are larger, better in the stability of hot environment lower magnet, outside magnet is subject toThe interference in portion magnetic field is less. " HCJ " of magnet or " intrinsic coercivity " are (Hcj)The ability of the intrinsic opposing demagnetization of this magnetic material, it is corresponding to intrinsic induction or magnetic polarization intensity (J)Null value. " ceiling capacity product ((BH) max) " used herein is the another kind of performance of permanent magnet,It is illustrated in the product of magnetic flux density in permanent magnet (B) and magnetic field intensity (H). Ceiling capacity product moreHeight, the magnetic energy density that expression permanent magnet has is higher. " remanent magnetization " used herein or " surplusMagnetic " (Br) refer to and in medium, remove the remaining intensity of magnetization behind external magnetic field. The higher expression of remanent magnetism shouldThe ability of permanent magnet material opposing demagnetization is higher.
In certain embodiments, the HCJ of the described permanent magnet unit's of pressing kilo-oersted (kOe) meter andBe at least 55 left and right by the ceiling capacity sum of products of unit mega gaussorersted (MGOe), oneIn a little specific embodiment, be at least 58 left and right. HCJ and the ceiling capacity sum of products are comprehensiveThe important parameter of assessment permanent magnet performance.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of method of manufacturing permanent magnet. In certain embodiments,Can provide a kind of component and aforementioned permanent magnet roughly the same alloy powder, this alloy powder is shaped to powderEnd briquet, then this powdered compact is carried out to sintering and annealing in process. In further embodiments, permanent magnetTo obtain by the manufacture of many alloyages. In many alloyages, master alloying powder is mixed with auxiliary alloy powderTo form mixture of powders, this kind of mixture of powders has the component roughly the same with aforementioned permanent magnet. WillThis mixture of powders is shaped to powdered compact, then this powdered compact is carried out to sintering and annealing in process. DescribedMaster alloying powder and auxiliary alloy powder include rare earth element. The weight hundred of master alloying powder rare earth elementsProportion by subtraction is lower than the percentage by weight of auxiliary metal dust rare earth elements. In one embodiment, described masterAlloy powder comprises the rare earth element that percentage by weight is less than approximately 32%, and described auxiliary metal dust comprises weightThe rare earth element that percentage is greater than approximately 32%.
Above-mentioned three kinds of powder mentioning all can obtain by following technique, and this technique comprises the following steps: shapeBecome a kind of molten alloy (for example: master alloying or auxiliary alloy); Solidify this molten alloy and form tablet;Make the broken particle that forms of this tablet; Described particle is carried out to dehydrogenation processing; Grind this particle and form oneAverage particle size particle size powder within the specific limits, as, average particle size particle size is micro-to 3.5 about 1.5 micronsPowder in rice scope. Described molten alloy can by will comprise rare earth element, metal alloy composition,The raw material of iron and boron are fused together and form. In certain embodiments, fast molten alloy can lead toCrossing electromagnetic induction thawing method obtains. Described molten alloy can be cured by band casting. DescribedTablet can pass through the broken formation particle of hydrogen explosion. Described particle can form powder by jet grinding.
In certain embodiments, band casting is to be no more than under the vacuum state about 0.01Pa at pressureRow. The thickness of the tablet that in certain embodiments, band casting forms about 200 microns to 300In the scope of micron. In some specific embodiment, this thickness is about 200 microns to 250 micronsIn scope. In certain embodiments, described hydrogen is quick-fried is to carry out under the hydrogen pressure that is not less than 0.1Mpa.In certain embodiments, described dehydrogenation processing is under temperature is about the vacuum environment of 400 DEG C to 700 DEG CCarry out. In certain embodiments, in order to obtain thinner alloy powder, may repeatedly grind (exampleAs: jet grinding). In certain embodiments, described master alloying particle forms a kind of average particle through grindingFootpath about be 2.5 microns to the master alloying powder in 3.5 micrometer ranges, described auxiliary alloying pellet is through grinding shapeBecome a kind of average grain diameter about 1.5 microns to the auxiliary alloy powder in 2.5 micrometer ranges.
Described mixture of powders can be in magnetic field moulding to form described powdered compact. In certain embodiments,Described mixture of powders is to be not less than casting in the magnetic field of approximately 1.5 teslas at magnetic flux, and at oilIn form powdered compact in the isostatic pressure lower compression that is not less than about 150MPa.
In certain embodiments, can be by this briquet at approximately 1020 DEG C to sintering approximately 1 at the temperature of 1120 DEG CTo 5 hours. In certain embodiments, can be by the briquet after this sintering the temperature at approximately 800 DEG C to 1000 DEG CThe lower annealing of degree approximately 1 to 5 hours. In certain embodiments, can be further by the briquet after this annealing approximatelyAt the temperature of 450 DEG C ° to 650 DEG C, carry out the burin-in process of approximately 1 to 5 hours. Described annealing and aging placeReason can be improved the microstructure of permanent magnet, thereby obviously promotes magnet performance, especially wherein intrinsicCoercivity H j and ceiling capacity product (BH) max. In the process of annealing and burin-in process, crystal boundaryNear rich neodymium may flow mutually, makes near the distribution of neodymium crystal boundary become more even, meanwhile, byMay dissolve sharp-pointed part in Flowing liquid, also can make crystal grain become Paint Gloss. Rich neodymium with respect toMagnet performance especially HCJ is very crucial.
The embodiment of the present invention is to describe in conjunction with some non-limiting examples. The aim of following exampleBe to provide for one of ordinary skill in the art the specific descriptions of the related method of the present invention, and do not lie in limitDetermine inventor's invention protection domain.
Example
In these examples, by above-mentioned many alloyages of mentioning, that is, and by one or more are mainAlloy powder mixes with at least one auxiliary alloy powder, obtains mixture of powders, and this mixture of powders is becomeType is powder embryo piece, then through oversintering, annealing and seven permanent magnet samples that form. In these examplesIn used four kinds of master alloyinies (M1-M4) and three kinds of auxiliary alloys (A1-A3). These master alloyinies and auxiliary closingShown in the table 1 as expressed in weight percent composed as follows of gold. In table 1, PrNd refers to that one comprises 20%The alloy of the praseodymium (Pr) of percentage by weight and the neodymium (Nd) of 80% percentage by weight. Similarly, DyFeComprise the dysprosium (Dy) of 80% percentage by weight and the iron (Fe) of 20% percentage by weight, HoFe comprises 80%The holmium (Ho) of percentage by weight and the iron of 20% percentage by weight, ZrFe comprises 60% percentage by weightThe iron of zirconium (Zr) and 40% percentage by weight, NbFe comprise 65% percentage by weight niobium (Nb) andThe iron of 35% percentage by weight, BFe comprises boron (B) and 80% percentage by weight of 20% percentage by weightIron.
The percentage by weight composition of table 1 master alloying and auxiliary alloy
By each temperature 1600 DEG C of left and right in master alloying M1-M4 (its composition is as shown in table 1)The lower fusing of degree, is then under the vacuum environment of 0.01Pa left and right at pressure, is cast and is formed thickness by bandBe about the tablet of 200 microns to 300 microns. Described tablet is about to 0.2MPa's at hydrogen pressureUnder room temperature environment, by the quick-fried coarse granule that acquires of hydrogen, then this coarse granule is about to 5Pa, temperature approximately at air pressureBe to carry out dehydrogenation processing in approximately 2 hours under the vacuum environment of 580 DEG C. Afterwards, coarse granule is by jet grindingChange the fine powder that average grain diameter is about 2.5 microns to 3.5 microns into. By similar method, also canObtain average grain diameter and be about the meticulous and uniform auxiliary alloy A 1-A3 powder of 1.5 microns to 2.5 microns.The part by weight given according to following table 2 mixes master alloying powder and auxiliary alloy powder, can obtainThe mixture of powders that component is different. Each mixture of powders is all about the district of 2.0 teslas at magnetic fluxIn territory, be pressed into raw embryo piece by casting, then, under the pressure that is about 200MPa, in oil, carry outIsostatic pressing improves its density. Described raw embryo piece passes through sintering as shown in table 2 below and annealing process again,Obtain permanent magnet sample 1 to sample 7 (S1-S7).
The proportioning that table 2 powder mixes and the condition of sintering and annealing
| Sample | Mixing match | The condition of sintering and annealing |
| S1 | 84wt％M1+16wt％A1 | 1053℃*3h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S2 | 80wt％M1+20wt％A1 | 1060℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S3 | 75wt％M1+25wt％A1 | 1068℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S4 | 60wt％M1+20wt％M2+20wt％A1 | 1065℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S5 | 30wt％M1+40wt％M2+20wt％M3+10wt％A1 | 1065℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S6 | 85wt％M4+7wt％A2+8wt％A3 | 1048℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
| S7 | 77.5wt％M4+7.5wt％A2+15wt％A3 | 1048℃*2h+900℃*2h+480℃*2h |
As shown in table 2, each briquet can be about in temperature the vacuum environment of 1020 DEG C to 1120 DEG CLower sintering approximately 2 to 3 hours, makes its full densification, and quenching is to room temperature then. Then, adopt annealingTechnique processes to obtain the crude green body with desired properties to described pressed compact. Described annealing process is included inAt the temperature of about 800 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, carry out the rear sintering of approximately 2 hours, and then quenching is to room temperature.Alternatively, described annealing process also can be included at the temperature of about 450-500 DEG C, carry out approximately 2 hours oldChange and process. Described crude green body can obtain required size through machining and polishing again, then on its surfaceForm one deck passivating coating, just can obtain permanent magnet finished product sample. 7 permanent magnet samples that obtainComponent as expressed in weight percent is as shown in table 3 below. Wherein master alloying in these examples, auxiliary alloy withAnd the component of sample is divided by ICP-AES (ICP-AES)Analyse and obtain.
Should be clear and definite, the component of finished product sample may with the group of the mixture of powders that is used for manufacturing this samplePoint slightly different, reason is, in the process of manufacturing sample, material component may produce a little variation.Such as, if manufacture sample, the aluminium in final finished product sample with aluminum device or container (as crucible)Content may be slightly higher than being used for manufacturing aluminium content in the mixture of powders of this sample.
The percentage by weight composition of table 3 permanent magnet sample
| Sample | Pr | Nd | Dy | Tb | Ho | Co | Cu | Al | Ga | Zr | Nb | B | Fe |
| S1 | 13.30 | 15.87 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 1.11 | 0.67 | 1.59 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 1.01 | 65.95 |
| S2 | 12.99 | 16.64 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 1.11 | 0.76 | 1.71 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 1.01 | 65.28 |
| S3 | 12.60 | 17.60 | <0.02 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 1.11 | 0.84 | 1.83 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 1.01 | 64.49 |
| S4 | 11.03 | 18.56 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 0.23 | 1.33 | 1.09 | 2.44 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 1.01 | 63.73 |
| S5 | 7.45 | 19.90 | 1.20 | <0.02 | 0.66 | 1.73 | 0.52 | 1.05 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 65.66 |
| S6 | 13.48 | 13.93 | 2.26 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 1.07 | 0.40 | 1.10 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 66.40 |
| S7 | 12.61 | 14.27 | 4.25 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 1.06 | 0.40 | 1.10 | <0.02 | <0.02 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 64.98 |
Can at room temperature measure the performance of sample S1-S7 and be contrasted. In these examples, at 20 DEG CThe magnet performance that left and right records, comprises remanent magnetism (Br), HCJ (Hcj), coercivity (Hcb)And ceiling capacity product ((BH) max), as shown in table 4 below.
The performance contrast of table 4 permanent magnet sample
As shown at table 3 and table 4, the heavy rare earth element that permanent magnet sample S1-S7 comprises little amount orBe not comprise heavy rare earth element, but its remanent magnetism is greater than about 12kGs, HCJ is greater than about 18kOe,Coercivity is greater than about 12kOe, and ceiling capacity product is greater than about 36MGOe. The intrinsic of sample S3-S7 rectifiedStupid power is greater than about 20kOe, and wherein, the HCJ of sample S6 and S7 is also greater than about 23kOe. ThisOutward, for each sample in sample S1-S7, in its unit's of pressing kilo-oersted (kOe) meterReport coercivity and be greater than approximately 57 by the ceiling capacity sum of products of unit mega gaussorersted (MGOe).
In order to evaluate and test and illustrate magnetization characteristic, Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 has shown respectively permanent magnet sample S1-S7'sDemagnetizing curve figure. Two curves in Fig. 1 have shown that respectively sample S1 is in institute after oversintering and annealingThe demagnetizing curve figure forming. In Fig. 2 to Fig. 7, respectively show two or more demagnetizing curve, pointDo not react the demagnetization performance at different operating temperature. " demagnetizing curve " of indication of the present invention refers to magnetic induction(conventional magnetic flux density B/ magnetic polarization J) (conventional external magnetic field is strong along with putting on the demagnetizing force of magnetDegree H) change curve. Demagnetizing curve is described is to demagnetize to null mistake from saturation state in magnetic fieldJourney. A demagnetizing curve may comprise a BH curve and a J-H curve. In demagnetizing curve,The B/J value general proxy of demagnetizing curve and B/J coordinate joining the value of remanent magnetism (Br), BH curve withThe H value general proxy coercivity (Hcb) of H coordinate joining, J-H curve and H coordinate joiningH value general proxy HCJ (Hcj). As shown in Figures 1 to 7, permanent magnet schedule of samples revealsHigh remanent magnetism, HCJ and coercivity, and J-H curve shows good squareness, and this showsThe ceiling capacity product higher ((BH) max) of described permanent magnet.
Although describe the present invention in conjunction with the specific embodiments, those skilled in the art canUnderstand, can make many amendments and modification to the present invention. Therefore, recognize, claimsIntention is to cover all such modifications and the modification in true spirit of the present invention and scope.
Claims (13)
1. a permanent magnet, it comprises:
Percentage by weight is about 23% to 34% LREE, and this LREE comprises didymum,Wherein, neodymium is greater than the weight hundred of praseodymium with respect to whole permanent magnet with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnetProportion by subtraction, but be less than the percentage by weight of the praseodymium of three times with respect to whole permanent magnet;
Percentage by weight is lower than 5 heavy rare earth element;
Metal alloy composition, comprises the combination of copper, cobalt, aluminium, gallium, zirconium or these elements; And
Surplus, comprises and containing or iron, boron or the combination of the two free from foreign meter.
2. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, wherein, neodymium is with respect to the weight percent of whole permanent magnetThan in 13% to 20% scope, praseodymium with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnet about 7% toIn 14% scope.
3. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heavy rare earth element comprises dysprosium, holmium or twoPerson's combination.
4. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is less than approximately 4.5%Dysprosium, percentage by weight are less than the terbium that approximately 0.8% holmium and percentage by weight are less than approximately 0.02%.
5. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is about 0.1% and arrives0.5% niobium.
6. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is greater than approximately 0.2%Copper.
7. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, this permanent magnet comprises the aluminium that percentage by weight is greater than approximately 1%.
8. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 7, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is less than approximately 0.02%Dysprosium, wherein aluminium is greater than approximately 1.5% with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnet.
9. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 7, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is greater than approximately 0.02%Dysprosium, wherein aluminium with respect to the percentage by weight of whole permanent magnet in 1% to 1.5% scope.
10. permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, this permanent magnet comprises that percentage by weight is about 0.5%To the cobalt in 4.4% scope.
Manufacture the method for permanent magnet for 11. 1 kinds, it comprises:
Auxiliary master alloying powder alloy powder is mixed, and wherein said master alloying powder comprises that percentage by weight is littleIn approximately 32% rare earth element, described auxiliary alloy powder comprises the rare earth unit that percentage by weight is greater than approximately 32%Element;
Described mixture of powders is shaped to powdered compact;
Described powdered compact is carried out to sintering processes to form sintered compact; And
Described sintered compact is carried out to annealing in process.
12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described master alloying and auxiliary alloy pass through respectivelyFollowing steps obtain:
Form master alloying or the auxiliary alloy of melting;
The master alloying of curing described melting or auxiliary alloy are to form tablet;
Make the broken particle that forms of described tablet;
Described particle is carried out to dehydrogenation processing; And
Grind described particle form average grain diameter about 1.5 microns to the master alloying in 3.5 micrometer ranges or auxiliaryAlloy powder.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, described in grind particle and form the step of master alloying powderComprise grind particle form average grain diameter about 2.5 microns to the master alloying powder in 3.5 micrometer ranges, instituteState and grind the step that particle forms auxiliary alloy powder and comprise that grinding particle forms average grain diameter about 1.5 micronsTo the auxiliary alloy powder in 2.5 micrometer ranges.
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| CN103366918A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-23 | 通用电气公司 | Permanent magnet and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103366939A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-23 | 通用电气公司 | Permanent magnet manufacturing method |
| CN104036897A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-10 | 三环瓦克华（北京）磁性器件有限公司 | Permanent magnet material and manufacture method thereof |
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| JPH08296005A (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 1996-11-12 | Showa Denko Kk | Alloy for rare earth magnet and its production |
| CN103366918A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-23 | 通用电气公司 | Permanent magnet and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103366939A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-23 | 通用电气公司 | Permanent magnet manufacturing method |
| CN104036897A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-10 | 三环瓦克华（北京）磁性器件有限公司 | Permanent magnet material and manufacture method thereof |
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