CN104036897A - Permanent magnet material and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents

Permanent magnet material and manufacture method thereof Download PDF

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CN104036897A
CN104036897A CN201310073159.1A CN201310073159A CN104036897A CN 104036897 A CN104036897 A CN 104036897A CN 201310073159 A CN201310073159 A CN 201310073159A CN 104036897 A CN104036897 A CN 104036897A
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permanent magnetic
magnetic material
manufacture method
magnet
blank
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CN104036897B (en
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王浩颉
赵玉刚
张瑾
孙立柏
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SANVAC (BEIJING) MAGNETICS CO Ltd
Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan High Tech Co Ltd
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SANVAC (BEIJING) MAGNETICS CO Ltd
Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan High Tech Co Ltd
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Abstract

Disclosed is a permanent magnet material. The component of the permanent magnet material is RXMYBZFe<100-X-Y-Z>, wherein R is two or more of Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, and Ho, M is two or more of Co, Cu, Al, Ga, Zr, and Nb, X, Y, and Z are weight percentages of elements, 29.5wt%<=X<=33wt%, 1wt%<=Y<=3.5wt%, and 0.97wt%<=Z<=1.20wt%. A manufacture method of the permanent magnet material includes processing magnet blanks discharged from a furnace into required sizes and subjecting the magnet blanks to a second-stage tempering process. By means of the permanent magnet material and the manufacture method thereof, an Nd-rich phase subjected to machining damage on a magnet surface is repaired, so that consistency and uniformity of magnetic properties of volume-produced sheet magnet products are improved, and corrosion resistance is improved.

Description

A kind of permanent magnetic material and manufacture method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of permanent magnetic material and manufacture method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of sheet agglomeration permanent magnetic material and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Sintered NdFeB magnet, owing to having high remanent magnetism and high-coercive force magnetic property, has become indispensable material in modern industry production, and its application is very extensive.Although sintered neodymium iron boron material has very high magnetic property, as compared with Sm-Co magnet, its corrosion resistance is poor, has limited its application with other permanent magnetic materials.The corrosion of Sintered NdFeB magnet be mainly from the rich neodymium of magnet surface mutually, constantly spread to material internal along Grain-Boundary Phase, finally produce surperficial efflorescence and oxidation, cause magnet loss of excitation to occur.Therefore say the surface state of magnet, part has determined the good of the magnetic property of product and corrosion resistance.In some sintered NdFeB application high-tech areas, in Sintered NdFeB magnet as used for air compressor in green home appliance class and automobile EPS, with Sintered NdFeB magnet, its specification shape is all laminar.Its feature is exactly that the magnetizing direction of magnet is less, is generally 1~3.5mm, and other both directions will be far longer than magnetizing direction, are generally 15~65mm.Due to the particularity of its shape, the specific area of product is larger, and with respect to bulk magnet, sheet magnet effects on surface state is more responsive.Its surface of sintered NdFeB magnet has the enrichment of rich neodymium phase, for sheet magnet, is all generally the manufacturing procedure needing through from blank to finished product.In manufacturing procedure, no matter be that blank is cut or grinding technique, be all the damage to blank surface, thereby reduced the performance of product.Due to the damage of superficial layer, matrix more easily corrodes with extraneous, thereby affects decay resistance simultaneously.In addition, for sheet product magnet, generally there is the requirement that high temperature flux loss is low.Therefore, require that sheet magnet coercive force is high and high temperature magnetic energy curvilinear squares degree is good.Conventionally the method for compacting sheet magnet is to carry out wafer processes after compacting bulk blank, coercive force for the inner diverse location of its magnet of bulk blank has difference, therefore, while production in enormous quantities in enormous quantities, magnetic property uniformity and the consistency of sheet magnet can be affected.
To form corrosion resistant diaphragm on surface for current solution Sintered NdFeB magnet anti-corrosion method, as electroplated Ni or Pization layer.For sheet magnet, generally adopt the way of Pization layer.But iff by diaphragm, can not solve etching problem completely, if the corrosion resistance of magnet self improves, will greatly improve the corrosion resistance of product, its magnetic property is also guaranteed simultaneously.
Patent ZL200710114562.9 discloses a kind of anaerobic technique of passing through to adopt, and controls oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen content in magnet, finally obtains the magnet of excellent corrosion resistance.ZL200610038444.X patent discloses a kind ofly adds Nd Kiev alloy with amorphous formation ability as intergranular phase by pairing gold mode, obtains the magnet of fine corrosion resistance.Although these two patented technologies can obtain the blank magnet of excellent corrosion resistance, for the sheet product after processing, its rich surface neodymium suffers after partial destruction in manufacturing procedure, and the magnetic property of product and corrosion resistance affect and all reduce.
It is a kind of for half-finished new sintering aging technique that ZL200910235436.8 provides, but its technique providing has larger cracking risk for sheet product.Because sheet product is thinner along direction of orientation, and sintered neodymium iron boron material its anisotropy in direction of orientation is strong, easily ruptures along direction of orientation.Therefore, when thinner product is processed at high-temperature aging, cooling procedure easily cracks, and affects the ultimate yield rate of product.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for sheet permanent magnetic material, the defect that corrosion resistance, homogeneity of product and the uniformity that particularly the sheet Sintered NdFeB magnet course of processing is brought and magnetic property weaken, provide a kind of product corrosion resistance, consistent uniformity and magnetic property all be improved significantly permanent magnet and manufacture method thereof.
A kind of permanent magnetic material, its composition comprises rare-earth element R, iron Fe, boron and adds element M, it is characterized in that: the composition of described permanent magnetic material is R xm yb zfe 100-X-Y-Z, wherein:
R is Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, two kinds or two or more element combinations in Ho;
M is Co, Cu, Al, Ga, Zr, two or more element in Nb
X, Y, the percentage by weight that Z is each element, 29.5wt%≤X≤33wt%, 1wt%≤Y≤3.5wt%, 0.97wt%≤Z≤1.20wt%.
Preferably, described permanent magnetic material also comprises the oxygen of 500~3500ppm.
A kind of method of manufacturing permanent magnetic material described in claim 1, comprise batching-molten alloy-fragmentation-compressing-sintering-first order tempering process, it is characterized in that: after first order tempering process, again it is carried out to second level tempering process after the blank magnet of coming out of the stove is worked into required size.
Preferably, described second level tempering process is for to be evacuated to 10 by vacuum sintering furnace -3after Pa is following, be warming up to 470~520 DEG C of second level temperatures, at this temperature, be incubated 4~6 hours, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove rapidly.
Preferably, before described second level tempering process, the blank magnet surface after processing is cleaned.
Preferably, before described second level tempering process, the blank magnet after processing is piled up in airtight magazine.
Preferably, described airtight magazine still at least retains not blowing of 1/10 space after the blank magnet of piling up after processing.
Preferably, described molten alloy is molten alloy ingot or adopts rapid hardening slice technique melting rapid hardening alloy to get rid of strap.
Preferably, described being broken for adopts the quick-fried technique of hydrogen that molten alloy is broken into middle powder, then by airflow milling, middle powder made to fine powder.
Preferably, described powder particle size is 3.7~4.0 μ m.
Preferably, described compressingly suppress with isostatic pressing machine again for after fine powder being pressed into bulk blank with vertical press.
Preferably, the described temperature that is sintered to is 1040~1065 DEG C, and the time is 3~6 hours.
Preferably, described first order tempering process for to be incubated 2~2.5 hours at 900~950 DEG C of temperature.
Preferably, the material of described airtight magazine is graphite or metal magazine, as tinplate.
Preferably, after first order tempering process, the blank magnet of coming out of the stove is processed into the thin slice magnet that thickness is 2~5mm.
Preferably, the thickness direction of described thin slice magnet is direction of orientation.
The present invention is specially for the feature of thin slice Sintered NdFeB magnet, after being placed on to machine work, the second level lonneal of aging technique carries out, make the rich neodymium of magnet surface of machining damage obtain mutually reparation, thereby make the consistency of the sheet magnet product magnetic property of producing in enormous quantities, uniformity is improved, and corrosion resistance improves.Meanwhile, at the high vacuum environment of processing procedure and the magazine of good airproof performance, ensured that sheet product surface color after treatment can not produce change.Thereby sheet product after treatment like this can be used as semi-finished product carries out next step surface treatment procedure or does not carry out surface treatment directly using as finished product.
Embodiment
Sintered NdFeB magnet described in method of the present invention, it consists of R xm yb zfe 100-X-Y-Z, wherein:
R is Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, two kinds or two or more element combinations in Ho;
M is Co, Cu, Al, Ga, Zr, two or more element in Nb;
X, Y, the percentage by weight that Z is each element, 29.5wt%≤X≤33wt%, 1wt%≤Y≤3.5wt%, 0.97wt%≤Z≤1.20wt%.In magnet, also comprise the oxygen of 500~3500ppm.
According to this proportioning melting steel ingot, use hydrogen fragmentation and airflow milling powder equipment to carry out alloy fragmentation and powder process, through press slug press bulk, in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out sintering, bulk blank after sintering, through the processing of first order tempering process, its temperature is 900~950 DEG C, insulation 2~2.5h(hour) after, be cooled to rapidly room temperature and come out of the stove.This blank is carried out after machining processes, be worked into after sheet product size, product code is placed on to clean graphite grazing magazine or metal sealing magazine, in magazine, will leave certain space.Then in vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumize, vacuum degree enters 10 -3after Pa is following, start to be warming up to 470~520 DEG C of second level temperatures, under high vacuum environment, be incubated 4~6h, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove rapidly.
According to this inventive method, sheet Sintered NdFeB magnet product after treatment, its decay resistance is improved, and the high temperature demagnetize of the large quantities of products is low, and high conformity.
Provide embodiments more of the present invention below.
Embodiment 1: according to percentage by weight Nd 19.5pr 6.5dy 4.1tb 0.4b 1.1cu 0.8co 1ga 0.1nb 0.1zr 0.1fe balingredient composition, Fe balexpression surplus is iron, then molten alloy ingot, melted alloy pig is broken into middle powder by the quick-fried technique of hydrogen, then powder in this is worn into fine powder by airflow milling, the particle size of this fine powder is controlled at 3.8 μ m, fine powder is pressed into bulk blank with vertical press, blank specification is that 33mmx51mmx32mm(32 direction is direction of orientation), again through waiting static pressure to improve after green density, blank is piled up in magazine, send into and in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out sintering, 1050 DEG C of sintering temperatures, be incubated 4 hours, after being cooled to room temperature, carry out first order tempering process, 920 DEG C of temperatures, temperature retention time 2 hours, tempering finishes rear rapid argon filling air-blowing to room temperature and comes out of the stove.The thin slice that blank after processing is processed into 33mmx12.5mmx3mm through slicing process, 3mm is direction of orientation.Working liquids residual sheet surface is cleaned up, dry behind surface, thin slice magnet is piled up in sealed graphite magazine, in magazine, at least leave not blowing of 1/10 space.The magazine of piling up is put into vacuum sintering furnace and vacuumize, vacuum degree reaches 10 -3after Pa is following, start to be warming up to 480 DEG C of second level temperatures, under high vacuum environment, be incubated 5 hours, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove into final products rapidly.In product, oxygen content is 1200ppm.
Comparative example 1: adopt formula the same manner as in Example 1 and the same technical process, but first order tempering and second level drawing process carry out continuously, do not come out of the stove and blank processed in centre.After second level tempering completes, magnet slice processing is become to the final products of 33mmx12.5mmx3mm.
After magnetizing, the final products of getting respectively 32 embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 contrast.First measure respectively 20 DEG C of normal temperature flux values at temperature, be then positioned on aluminium sheet and put baking oven into, be warming up to 150 DEG C, be incubated and after 2 hours, take out coolingly, measure respectively the high temperature flux value that sample is cooled to 20 DEG C after high-temperature baking, calculate magnetic flux demagnetizing factor.
Magnetic flux demagnetizing factor=(normal temperature flux value-high temperature flux value)/normal temperature flux value * 100%
Maximum magnetic flux demagnetizing factor is the maximum of magnetic flux demagnetizing factor in 32 samples, and minimum magnetic flux demagnetizing factor is the minimum value of magnetic flux demagnetizing factor in 32 samples.Average demagnetizing factor is all 32 demagnetizing factor mean values.
The final products of getting respectively 5 embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 carry out corrosion resistance accelerates the weightlessness of weightless contrast experiment's measurement products, and experiment condition for to place 96 hours under 121 DEG C, 2 atmospheric pressure, 100% relative humidity.Weightless being defined as: weightless (mg/cm 2)=(W 1-W 0)/S 0.Wherein: W 0for the weight before sample test, W 1for sample is cooled to the weight after room temperature, S after tested afterwards 0for the surface area before sample test.The weightlessness value of the embodiment recording 1 and comparative example 1 sample is carried out obtaining average weightless value after arithmetic average.
Experimental result is in table 1.
Embodiment 2: according to percentage by weight Nd 19.0pr 7.0dy 1.0tb 2.5b 0.97cu 0.8co 1.2ga 0.1nb 0.3zr 0.3fe balbatching, then adopt rapid hardening slice technique to get rid of band melting, the alloy sheet throwing away is broken into middle powder by the quick-fried technique of hydrogen, then powder in this is worn into fine powder by airflow milling, the particle size of this fine powder is controlled at 3.7 μ m, by vertical press compacting bulk blank for fine powder, blank specification 33mmx51mmx32mm(32 direction is direction of orientation), again through waiting static pressure to improve after green density, blank is piled up in magazine, enter and in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out sintering, 1040 DEG C of sintering temperatures, insulation 3h(hour), after being cooled to room temperature, carry out first order tempering process, 930 DEG C of temperatures, temperature retention time 2.5h, tempering finishes rear rapid argon filling air-blowing to room temperature and comes out of the stove.The thin slice that blank after processing is processed into 33mmx12.5mmx3mm through slicing process, 3mm is direction of orientation.Working liquids residual sheet surface is cleaned up, dry behind surface, thin slice magnet is piled up in sealed graphite magazine, in magazine, at least leave not blowing of 1/10 space.The magazine of piling up is put into vacuum sintering furnace and vacuumize, vacuum degree reaches 10 -3after Pa is following, start to be warming up to 470 DEG C of second level temperatures, under high vacuum environment, be incubated 6h, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove into final products rapidly.In product, oxygen content is 500ppm.
Comparative example 2: adopt formula the same manner as in Example 2 and the same technical process, but first order tempering and second level drawing process carry out continuously, do not come out of the stove and blank processed in centre.After second level tempering completes, carry out slice processing and become the product thin slice of 33mmx12.5mmx3mm.
After the final products of getting respectively 32 embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 magnetize, measuring magnetic flux demagnetizing factor contrasts.The final products of getting respectively 5 embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 carry out corrosion resistance accelerates the weightlessness of weightless contrast experiment's measurement products, calculates average weightless.Experimental technique and experiment condition are identical with comparative example 1 with embodiment 1.
Experimental result is in table 1.
Embodiment 3: according to percentage by weight Nd 20.0pr 7dy 4.0tb 2.0b 1.1cu 0.2co 0.8fe balbatching, then molten alloy ingot, melted alloy pig is broken into middle powder by the quick-fried technique of hydrogen, then powder in this is worn into fine powder by airflow milling, the particle size of this fine powder is controlled at 4.0 μ m, by vertical press compacting bulk blank for fine powder, blank specification 33mmx51mmx32mm(32 direction is direction of orientation), again through waiting static pressure to improve after green density, blank is piled up in magazine, enter and in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out sintering, 1065 DEG C of sintering temperatures, insulation 4.5h, after being cooled to room temperature, carry out first order tempering process, 920 DEG C of temperatures, temperature retention time 2h, tempering finishes rear rapid argon filling air-blowing to room temperature and comes out of the stove.The thin slice that blank after treatment is processed into 33mmx12.5mmx2mm through slicing process, 2mm is direction of orientation.Working liquids residual sheet surface is cleaned up, dry behind surface, thin slice magnet is piled up in sealing tinplate material magazine, in magazine, at least leave not blowing of 1/10 space.The magazine of piling up is put into vacuum sintering furnace and vacuumize, vacuum degree reaches 10 -3after Pa is following, start to be warming up to 490 DEG C of second level temperatures, under high vacuum environment, be incubated 4.5h, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove into final products rapidly.In product, oxygen content is 2000ppm.
Comparative example 3: adopt formula the same manner as in Example 3 and the same technical process, but first order tempering and second level drawing process carry out continuously, do not come out of the stove and blank processed in centre.After second level tempering completes, carry out slice processing and become the product thin slice of 33mmx12.5mmx2mm.
After the final products of getting respectively 32 embodiment 3 and comparative example 3 magnetize, measuring magnetic flux demagnetizing factor contrasts.The final products of getting respectively 5 embodiment 3 and comparative example 3 carry out corrosion resistance accelerates the weightlessness of weightless contrast experiment's measurement products, calculates average weightless.Experimental technique and experiment condition are identical with comparative example 1 with embodiment 1.
Experimental result is in table 1.
Embodiment 4: according to percentage by weight Nd 19.0pr 8dy 4.0tb 0.2b1 .2cu 0.8co 1.0ga 0.1nb 0.2zr 0.2fe balafter batching, adopt rapid hardening slice technique to get rid of band melting, the alloy sheet throwing away is broken into middle powder by the quick-fried technique of hydrogen, then powder in this is worn into fine powder by airflow milling, this fine powder particle size is controlled at 3.8 μ m, by vertical press compacting bulk blank for fine powder, blank specification 33mmx51mmx32mm(32 direction is direction of orientation), again through waiting static pressure to improve after green density, blank is piled up to pressed compact in magazine, enter and in vacuum sintering furnace, carry out sintering, 1060 DEG C of sintering temperatures, insulation 5h, after being cooled to room temperature, carry out first order tempering process, 950 DEG C of temperatures, temperature retention time 2h, tempering finishes rear rapid argon filling air-blowing to room temperature and comes out of the stove.The product thin slice that blank after processing is processed into 33mmx12.5mmx5mm through slicing process, 5mm is direction of orientation.Working liquids residual sheet surface is cleaned up, dry behind surface, thin slice magnet is piled up in sealing tinplate material magazine, in magazine, at least leave not blowing of 1/10 space.The magazine of piling up is put into vacuum sintering furnace and vacuumize, vacuum degree reaches 10 -3after Pa is following, start to be warming up to 520 DEG C of second level temperatures, under high vacuum environment, be incubated 4.5h, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove into final products rapidly.In product, oxygen content is 3500ppm.
Comparative example 4: adopt formula the same manner as in Example 3 and the same technical process, but first order tempering and second level drawing process carry out continuously, do not come out of the stove and blank processed in centre.After second level tempering completes, carry out slice processing and become the product thin slice of 33mmx12.5mmx5mm.
After the final products of getting respectively 32 embodiment 4 and comparative example 4 magnetize, measuring magnetic flux demagnetizing factor contrasts.The final products of getting respectively 5 embodiment 4 and comparative example 4 carry out corrosion resistance accelerates the weightlessness of weightless contrast experiment's measurement products, calculates average weightless.Experimental technique and experiment condition are identical with comparative example 1 with embodiment 1.
Experimental result is in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment and comparative example assay
From table 1 result, its high temperature demagnetizing factor of embodiment sheet product of this invented technology processing of process is lower than the high temperature demagnetizing factor of comparative example, and consistency is good.The decay resistance of embodiment thin slice magnet is better than comparative example.
Comparative example 5: adopt formula the same manner as in Example 3 and the same technical process,, just its 920 DEG C of first order high tempering processes are placed on and carry out after blank slice processing operation.Adopt the technique identical with patent 200910235436.8, after sintering circuit completes, bulk blank is processed into thin slice magnet, then thin slice magnet is carried out to continuous first order tempering and second level drawing process.
From the final products of embodiment 3 and comparative example 5, respectively choose 100 flake products and carry out visual inspection, that wherein finds that there is a micro-crack on surface all counts defective item, and the defective item ratio of statistical result showed embodiment 3 is 1%, and comparative example 5 defective item ratios are 20%.Result demonstration, the product appearance qualification rate of embodiment 3 improves obviously.

Claims (16)

1. a permanent magnetic material, its composition comprises rare-earth element R, iron Fe, boron and adds element M, it is characterized in that: the composition of described permanent magnetic material is R xm yb zfe 100-X-Y-Z, wherein:
R is Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, two kinds or two or more element combinations in Ho;
M is Co, Cu, Al, Ga, Zr, two or more element in Nb
X, Y, the percentage by weight that Z is each element, 29.5wt%≤X≤33wt%, 1wt%≤Y≤3.5wt%, 0.97wt%≤Z≤1.20wt%.
2. permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described permanent magnetic material also comprises the oxygen of 500~3500ppm.
3. manufacture the method for permanent magnetic material described in claim 1 for one kind, comprise batching-molten alloy-fragmentation-compressing-sintering-first order tempering process, it is characterized in that: after first order tempering process, again it is carried out to second level tempering process after the blank magnet of coming out of the stove is worked into required size.
4. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described second level tempering process is for to be evacuated to 10 by vacuum sintering furnace -3after Pa is following, be warming up to 470~520 DEG C of second level temperatures, at this temperature, be incubated 4~6 hours, then applying argon gas is cooled to room temperature and comes out of the stove rapidly.
5. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: before described second level tempering process, the blank magnet surface after processing is cleaned.
6. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: before described second level tempering process, the blank magnet after processing is piled up in airtight magazine.
7. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described airtight magazine still at least retains not blowing of 1/10 space after the blank magnet of piling up after processing.
8. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described molten alloy is molten alloy ingot or adopts rapid hardening slice technique melting rapid hardening alloy to get rid of strap.
9. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described being broken for adopts the quick-fried technique of hydrogen that molten alloy is broken into middle powder, then by airflow milling, middle powder made to fine powder.
10. the manufacture method of permanent magnetic material as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: described powder particle size is 3.7~4.0 μ m.
The manufacture method of 11. permanent magnetic materials as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described compressingly suppress with isostatic pressing machine again for after fine powder being pressed into bulk blank with vertical press.
The manufacture method of 12. permanent magnetic materials as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the described temperature that is sintered to is 1040~1065 DEG C, and the time is 3~6 hours.
The manufacture method of 13. permanent magnetic materials as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described first order tempering process for to be incubated 2~2.5 hours at 900~950 DEG C of temperature.
The manufacture method of 14. permanent magnetic materials as described in claim 6,7, is characterized in that: the material of described airtight magazine is graphite or metal magazine, as tinplate.
15. permanent magnetic material manufacture methods as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: after first order tempering process, the blank magnet of coming out of the stove is processed into the thin slice magnet that thickness is 2~5mm.
16. permanent magnetic material manufacture methods as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that: the thickness direction of described thin slice magnet is direction of orientation.
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