CN105588881A - Portable ultrasonic detector for railway power supply net touching pin - Google Patents
Portable ultrasonic detector for railway power supply net touching pin Download PDFInfo
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- CN105588881A CN105588881A CN201510921309.9A CN201510921309A CN105588881A CN 105588881 A CN105588881 A CN 105588881A CN 201510921309 A CN201510921309 A CN 201510921309A CN 105588881 A CN105588881 A CN 105588881A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a portable ultrasonic detector for a railway power supply net touching pin. The detector is composed of a main controller, an ultrasonic signal stimulation receiving module, an input/output device and a power module. The main controller is composed of a single-chip field programmable gate array (FPGA). An ultrasonic stimulation receiving circuit of the ultrasonic signal stimulation receiving module emits a high-voltage pulse under the control of the FPGA to stimulate an ultrasonic transducer. The power module produces high-voltage direct current through a battery in a direct-current boosting mode. The ultrasonic transducer is connected with the pin and produces ultrasonic waves transmitted to the pin through a coupling agent. The ultrasonic waves are reflected by the end face or cracks of the pin and are received by the same transducer again. After operation is conducted on echo signals, echo waveforms are displayed on a screen, whether defects exist or not is automatically recognized, and the defects are used for further analysis. The portable ultrasonic detector has the advantages that operation is easy, and the detection efficiency is high; based on the single-chip FPGA, the structure is compact, power consumption is low, the weight is low, and requirements of detection on site are met due to battery power supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the portable ultraphonic detector for the online Non-Destructive Testing of the stressed pin of railway power supply circuit,Belong to instrument and meter, field of non destructive testing.
Background technology
In recent years, there is the accident that too much cause contact net for power supplying parts mass defect causes in the railway system, tightGhost image has rung power supply traffic safety. The at present daily tour maintenance of electrified railway power supply contact net equipment, bolt,There is blind area in the parts such as nut, pin nondestructive testing technique aspect, there is no specific purpose tool, instrument to contact netImportant stressed parts are detected a flaw. Daily to elements of contacting net, inspection only limits to visual examination, can only findThe obvious defect of crackle, and high ferro visitor special line Window time is night, is subject to sight line to affect more difficult discovery defect, spyOther to crackle, not obvious or inner parts defect defective is difficult to find, often has a strong impact on power supply causingWhen the accident of traffic safety, just pinpointed the problems. At present, need a kind of dedicated test for net-fault parts badlyInstrument, in order to find in time the defect that parts exist in Daily Round Check, thereby ensures railway operation safety.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on ultrasonic nondestructive test technology, designed a kind of detect for elements of contacting net portableUltrasound measuring instrument, for the in-service detection of the stressed pin of railway power supply circuit. Instrument has automatic decision pinThe no function that has defect, operating personnel can operate without professional training. In addition, this patent also has volumeLittle, the advantage such as cost is low, and integrated level is high, easy to carry, meets the fast detecting demand of working site.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: this detector by master controller, ultrasonic signal excitation receiver module,Input-output apparatus, power module four part compositions. Its design feature is: master controller is by monolithic FPGAForm; The ultrasonic action connection circuit of ultrasonic signal excitation receiver module is launched high-voltage pulse under the control of FPGAExcitation ultrasonic transducer, power module utilizes battery to produce high-voltage DC power supply by the mode of DC boosting. SuperSonic transducer is connected with pin, and ultrasonic transducer generating ultrasonic wave also imports pin into by couplant; Ultrasonic wave warpBy pin end face or crack deflection, then received by same transducer; Echo-signal is by limiter, preposition amplificationAfter device, gain-programmed amplifier and the conditioning of passive filtering network, be converted to numeral letter through high-speed AD converterNumber and gathered by master controller, after calculation process, echo waveform is presented on screen, and automatically identifies and beThe no position that has defect and defect, echo signal data writes SD storage card and preserves, for further analysis.
The primary control program of writing based on FPGA is made up of hardware logic program and operating system software two parts. FirmlyPart logical program is by Verilog language compilation, and for pulse signal control, high-speed digital-analog is changed, and display screen drivesMoving function. Operating system, by C language compilation, operates in the CPU building based on soft nuclear technology, for controlInput-output operation processed and realize the automatic identification algorithm of defect. Program has two kinds of operator schemes, can either lead toCross keyboard manual adjustment detected parameters, judge defect by echo waveform, also can automatically regulate ginseng by programNumber automatically defect recognition.
The amplitude of high-voltage pulse pumping signal is-300V that pulse width is 100ns, in ultrasonic transducer usedFrequency of heart is 5MHz;
The multiplication factor of gain-programmed amplifier is by reference voltage control, and the digital-to-analogue that reference voltage FPGA controls turnsChanging chip provides;
Colorful display screen resolution ratio is 800x480 pixel, and its type of drive is: by SRAM high speed static withMachine registers chip is as data buffer storage, and first operating system program writes the color value of screen pixels pointSRAM, then hardware logic program is read pixel value send into display screen with the clock frequency of 25MHz,Screen refresh rate is 30 frames per second;
Defect inspection program has solved the different problem of pin echo amplitude of unlike material and technique, canIn detection, for each piece of pin Lookup protocol optimum detection parameter;
SD card memory function is realized by special FAT32 disk management chip, in FPGA soft nucleus CPUThe spi bus of embedding carries out read-write operation;
Instrument display screen can show echo waveform, work at present pattern, and amplifier gain, tested pin information,The information such as testing staff's job number.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) institute invention instrument is the in-service detection for the stressed pin of railway power supply circuitInstrumentation, simple to operate, detection speed is fast, accuracy of detection is high. (2) there is high integration,Volume is little, lightweight, and internal battery can be powered more than 5 hours continuously, meets Site Detection demand. (3) instrumentDevice is realized based on monolithic FPGA, compares with quasi-instrument compared with other, and without other processors, therefore cost is lower,More compact structure, power consumption is less.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is detector general structure and detects principle schematic;
Fig. 2 main control module and peripheral circuit structural representation;
Fig. 3 ultrasonic action and receiving circuit structural representation;
Fig. 4 program structure schematic diagram and program flow diagram;
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to the accompanying drawings of, specific implementation of the present invention is as follows:
Fig. 2 is main control module and peripheral circuit structural representation. Instrument is taking monolithic FPGA as main control unit, andUtilize logical block on FPGA sheet to build soft nucleus CPU. Core minimum system comprises: crystal oscillator is FPGAWork clock signal is provided; EPSC memory, for downloading and save routine; SDRAM, for soft coreThe internal memory of CPU working procedure.
Other functions of master control module controls have: pulse signal generation circuit, and by the 100ns of FPGA outputLogic level signal be converted to the high-voltage pulse signal of same time length, in order to encourage ultrasonic transducer; HighThe sample frequency of speed A/D converter is 50MS/s, and resolution ratio is 12, provides sampling clock by FPGA,Be used for gathering echo-signal; Serial A/D converting device, the putting of its output voltage values control gain-programmed amplifierLarge multiple; SRAM, for the data buffer storage of display screen matrix data; Real-time clock, provides system accuratelyTime; Other input-output equipment comprise keyboard, and display screen and SD card read/write circuit are by FPGA master controlChip operation.
Fig. 3 is ultrasonic action and receiving circuit structural representation. Ultrasonic signal excitation with the process receiving is:First FPGA exports the 3.3V logic level signal of 100ns, and signal is converted to through dual power supply bus transfer deviceThe standard logic level signal of 5V, inputs EFT Drive Unit afterwards, based on the arteries and veins of switching mode FETThereby rush circuit for generating and motivate ultrasonic wave at a high-voltage pulse signal of input generation of ultrasonic transducer. ReturnRipple signal is received by same transducer, through amplitude limit, and preamplifier, gain-programmed amplifier, passive filteringAfter device, gathered by high-speed AD converter. Wherein, limiter is used for isolating the high-voltage signal that encourages transducer,Protect follow-up circuit; Preamplifier is for preliminary amplification and impedance matching to signal, gain-programmed amplifierSignal is further amplified to discernible amplitude, and wave filter is for filter away high frequency noise, high-speed AD converterFormed by peripheral circuits such as high speed analog-digital conversion chip and signal computing circuits.
Instrument, by 7.2V lithium battery power supply, obtains for excitation by the mode of DC boosting in power moduleThe 300V DC voltage of transducer, the power supply that remaining chip is used also all have battery by linear voltage regulator andSwitching regulator obtains, instrument can be under battery powered state continuous operation more than 6 hours.
Fig. 4 is program structure schematic diagram and program flow diagram. Primary control program is by using Verilog language compilationOperating system software two parts of hardware logic program and use C language compilation are combined into. Wherein soft nucleus CPUAccording to configuration integrate, be used for operation systems soft ware by composing software. Phaselocked loop and queuing register use IPKernel mode realizes, and other program modules are used Verilog language compilation. Except phaselocked loop, other logic modulesControl by CPU. The work clock that phaselocked loop provides crystal oscillator carries out frequency multiplication and frequency division, offer CPU andOther modules; Excitation provides enable signal with capture program by CPU, for output drive pulse signal and mouldThe sampling clock of number converter; The data that the real-time buffer memory of queuing register collects, storage depth is 2048 points,Data are write when full, and corresponding flag bit is effective, and now CPU reads the data of collection; Display screen driverBe made up of two parts, one is timing control program, is used for clock signal and the synchronizing signal of output display screen,And by SRAM reading and sending view data. It two is buffer control program, for and switching controls SRAMObject. In the time that CPU writes image, SRAM is data writing under the control of CPU, now, and sequential controlProcessing procedure order is standby, and after having write, SRAM switches to and is subject to timing control program control, reads numberAccording to and output display. Screen display content comprises echo waveform, work at present pattern, and amplifier gain, testedPin information, testing staff's job number etc.
The implementation procedure of defect automatic decision program is: first choose a section between two echoes of stem knob end faceThe mean value of signal (seeing accompanying drawing 1), as a reference value, thinks that selected signal does not comprise defect. Due to differenceThe acoustic attenuation situation difference of pin, so by reference signal by a certain definite threshold value of programme-controlled gain value of magnification,Then from echo-signal starting point, choose successively with the signal segment of equal length and be averaged, with a reference value ratioThe part that, is obviously greater than a reference value can be judged to be defect reflection signal.
Claims (6)
1. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin, is characterized in that: this detector is by master controlDevice processed, ultrasonic signal excitation receiver module, input-output apparatus, power module four part compositions; Its structureFeature is: master controller is made up of monolithic FPGA; The ultrasonic action connection circuit of ultrasonic signal excitation receiver moduleUnder the control of FPGA, launch high-voltage pulse excitation ultrasonic transducer, power module is by the mode of DC boostingUtilize battery to produce high-voltage DC power supply; Ultrasonic transducer is connected with pin, and ultrasonic transducer generating ultrasonic wave alsoImport pin into by couplant; Ultrasonic wave is via pin end face or crack deflection, then received by same transducer;After echo-signal is nursed one's health by limiter, preamplifier, gain-programmed amplifier and passive filtering network,Be converted to data signal and gathered by master controller through high-speed AD converter, after calculation process by echo waveformBe presented on screen, and automatically identify the position that whether has defect and defect, echo signal data writesSD storage card is preserved, for further analysis.
2. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin according to claim 1, its featureBe: the primary control program of writing based on FPGA is made up of hardware logic program and operating system software two parts;Hardware logic program is by Verilog language compilation, and for pulse signal control, high-speed digital-analog is changed, display screenDrive function; Operating system, by C language compilation, operates in the CPU building based on soft nuclear technology, forControl inputs output function and realize the automatic identification algorithm of defect; Program has two kinds of operator schemes, can eitherBy keyboard manual adjustment detected parameters, judge defect by echo waveform, also can automatically regulate by programParameter automatically defect recognition;
The amplitude of high-voltage pulse pumping signal is-300V that pulse width is 100ns, in ultrasonic transducer usedFrequency of heart is 5MHz;
The multiplication factor of gain-programmed amplifier is by reference voltage control, and the digital-to-analogue that reference voltage FPGA controls turnsChanging chip provides;
Colorful display screen resolution ratio is 800x480 pixel, and its type of drive is: by SRAM high speed static withMachine registers chip is as data buffer storage, and first operating system program writes the color value of screen pixels pointSRAM, then hardware logic program is read pixel value send into display screen with the clock frequency of 25MHz,Screen refresh rate is 30 frames per second;
Defect inspection program has solved the different problem of pin echo amplitude of unlike material and technique, canIn detection, for each piece of pin Lookup protocol optimum detection parameter;
SD card memory function is realized by special FAT32 disk management chip, in FPGA soft nucleus CPUThe spi bus of embedding carries out read-write operation;
Instrument display screen can show echo waveform, work at present pattern, and amplifier gain, tested pin information,Testing staff's job number information.
3. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin according to claim 1, its featureBe: instrument is taking monolithic FPGA as main control unit, and utilize logical block on FPGA sheet to build soft nucleus CPU;Core minimum system comprises: crystal oscillator, for FPGA provides work clock signal; EPSC memory, underCarry and save routine; SDRAM, for the internal memory of soft nucleus CPU working procedure;
Other functions of master control module controls have: pulse signal generation circuit, and by the 100ns of FPGA outputLogic level signal be converted to the high-voltage pulse signal of same time length, in order to encourage ultrasonic transducer; HighThe sample frequency of speed A/D converter is 50MS/s, and resolution ratio is 12, provides sampling clock by FPGA,Be used for gathering echo-signal; Serial A/D converting device, the putting of its output voltage values control gain-programmed amplifierLarge multiple; SRAM, for the data buffer storage of display screen matrix data; Real-time clock, provides system accuratelyTime; Other input-output equipment comprise keyboard, and display screen and SD card read/write circuit are by FPGA master controlChip operation.
4. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin according to claim 1, its featureBe: ultrasonic signal excitation with the process receiving is: first FPGA exports the 3.3V logic electricity of 100nsFlat signal, signal is converted to the standard logic level signal of 5V, input field afterwards through dual power supply bus transfer deviceEffect pipe driver, the pulse generating circuit based on switching mode FET produces at the input of ultrasonic transducerThereby a high-voltage pulse signal motivates ultrasonic wave; Echo-signal is received by same transducer, through amplitude limit,After preamplifier, gain-programmed amplifier, passive filter, gathered by high-speed AD converter; Wherein,Limiter, for isolating the high-voltage signal that encourages transducer, is protected follow-up circuit; Preamplifier is used for signalPreliminary amplification and impedance matching, signal is further amplified to discernible amplitude by gain-programmed amplifier, filterRipple device is for filter away high frequency noise, and high-speed AD converter is by peripheries such as high speed analog-digital conversion chip and signal computing circuitsThe electric circuit constitute.
5. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin according to claim 1, its featureBe: primary control program is by the hardware logic program and the behaviour who uses C language compilation that use Verilog language compilationMaking systems soft ware two parts is combined into; Wherein soft nucleus CPU, by composing software according to configuration integrate, is used for movingOperating system software; Phaselocked loop and queuing register use IP kernel mode to realize, and other program modules are usedVerilog language compilation; Except phaselocked loop, other logic modules are controlled by CPU; Phaselocked loop is carried crystal oscillatorThe work clock of confession carries out frequency multiplication and frequency division, offers CPU and other modules; Excitation and capture program are by CPUProvide enable signal, for the sampling clock of output drive pulse signal and analog-digital converter; Queuing register is realTime the buffer memory data that collect, storage depth is 2048 points, data are write when full, corresponding flag bit is effective,Now CPU reads the data of collection; Display screen driver is made up of two parts, and one is SECO journeyOrder, is used for clock signal and the synchronizing signal of output display screen, and by SRAM reading and sending view data;It two is buffer control program, for and the object of switching controls SRAM; In the time that CPU writes image,SRAM is data writing under the control of CPU, and now, timing control program is standby, has writeCheng Hou, SRAM switches to and is subject to timing control program control, reading out data output display; Screen display contentComprise echo waveform, work at present pattern, amplifier gain, tested pin information, testing staff's job number etc.
6. the portable ultraphonic detector of railway power supply net-fault pin according to claim 1, its featureBe: the implementation procedure of defect automatic decision program is: first choose one between two echoes of stem knob end faceThe mean value of segment signal, as a reference value, thinks that selected signal does not comprise defect; Due to the sound of different pinsDecay situation difference, thus reference signal is passed through to a certain definite threshold value of programme-controlled gain value of magnification, then from returningRipple signal starting point starts, and chooses successively with the signal segment of equal length and is averaged, with a reference value comparison, obviouslyThe part that is greater than a reference value can be judged to be defect reflection signal.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN105943126A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-09-21 | 山东威瑞外科医用制品有限公司 | Ultrasound knife exciting device and exciting method |
| CN107192356A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-09-22 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Pulsed difference electromagnetism ultrasound measuring instrument device |
| CN109238354A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-18 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of supersonic guide-wave anchor pole quality nondestructive testing instrument |
| CN110045021A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-23 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Electromagnetic acoustic phased array detection system |
| CN110095531A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-08-06 | 南京天雀信息科技有限公司 | A kind of rotary shaft nondestructive detection system |
| CN112431724A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-03-02 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | Method for preventing wind power tower from falling down based on time-sharing multiplexing controller |
| CN114166159A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-11 | 大连理工大学 | Multifunctional portable ultrasonic measuring instrument based on PCI/PCIe and use method |
| CN114337400A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-12 | 大力电工襄阳股份有限公司 | Control method of novel high-voltage synchronous frequency converter control system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105943126A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-09-21 | 山东威瑞外科医用制品有限公司 | Ultrasound knife exciting device and exciting method |
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| CN107192356B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2023-12-01 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Pulse differential electromagnetic ultrasonic detecting instrument |
| CN109238354A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-18 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of supersonic guide-wave anchor pole quality nondestructive testing instrument |
| CN110095531A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-08-06 | 南京天雀信息科技有限公司 | A kind of rotary shaft nondestructive detection system |
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| CN112431724A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-03-02 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | Method for preventing wind power tower from falling down based on time-sharing multiplexing controller |
| CN112431724B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2024-03-19 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | Method for preventing wind power tower from rewinding based on time-sharing multiplexing controller |
| CN114166159A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-11 | 大连理工大学 | Multifunctional portable ultrasonic measuring instrument based on PCI/PCIe and use method |
| CN114337400A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-12 | 大力电工襄阳股份有限公司 | Control method of novel high-voltage synchronous frequency converter control system |
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Application publication date: 20160518 |