CN105588120A - 一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统 - Google Patents

一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统 Download PDF

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CN105588120A
CN105588120A CN201610117945.0A CN201610117945A CN105588120A CN 105588120 A CN105588120 A CN 105588120A CN 201610117945 A CN201610117945 A CN 201610117945A CN 105588120 A CN105588120 A CN 105588120A
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CN105588120B (zh
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陈海军
陈晓航
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Inner Mongol Jin Tu Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts

Abstract

本发明公开了一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，包括流化床、分离器、除灰器、燃烧室和热交换器；流化床的排气口与分离器的进气口通过管路连通，分离器的固料出口与流化床通过管路连通，分离器的排气口与除灰器的进气口通过管路连通，除灰器的排气口与喷嘴的燃料入口通过管路连通，燃烧室的排气口与热交换器的热风入口通过管路连通，热交换器的冷风出口与除尘器通过管路连通。本发明实现了固体燃料和气体燃料按照不同燃烧条件的分离燃烧，解决了低灰熔点煤在现有循环流化床锅炉中燃烧容易导致热交换器内水冷壁上结长石的问题。

Description

一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种燃烧系统，尤其涉及一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统。
背景技术：
目前国内火力发电锅炉主要采用循环流化床锅炉炉型。传统的循环流化床锅炉具有燃烧效率高、燃烧强度高、脱硫效率高、氮氧化物排放低等优点，但是，传统的循环流化床锅炉对灰熔点高的煤炭比较适用，而对于灰熔点低的煤炭而言，由于循环流化床燃烧室的最低正常运行工况极限温度大于准东煤田煤炭的灰熔点，燃料中的碱金属及氯元素大部分进入气相，部分碱金属直接形成蒸汽，通过气相、气固相的复杂化学过程形成低熔点的复杂化合物，并在高温下呈熔融或部分熔融的形式随着高温烟气进入热交换器，与热交换的水冷壁管接触，并瞬间凝结在水冷壁上，形成碱性长石，严重影响换热效率和设备的安全稳定运行。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于低灰熔点煤炭燃烧的脱硫泛氧燃烧系统。
本发明的目的由如下技术方案实施，一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其包括流化床、分离器、除灰器、燃烧室和热交换器，在所述燃烧室的侧壁上设有若干喷嘴；所述流化床的排气口与所述分离器的进气口通过管路连通，所述分离器的固料出口与所述流化床通过管路连通，所述分离器的排气口与所述除灰器的进气口通过管路连通，所述除灰器的排气口与所述喷嘴的燃料入口通过管路连通，所述燃烧室的排气口与所述热交换器的热风入口通过管路连通，所述热交换器的冷风出口与所述除尘器通过管路连通；所述热交换器内由上至下依次设有循环水套、一次风盘管和二次风盘管，所述循环水套的进水口和出水口分别与锅炉的进水口和出水口连通，所述一次风盘管的进风口与一次风机连接，所述一次风盘管的出风口与所述喷嘴的进风口通过管路连通；所述二次风盘管的进风口与二次风机连接，所述二次风盘管的出风口与所述流化床的进风口通过管路连通；所述流化床、所述除灰器、所述燃烧室和所述热交换器的排灰口分别与渣场连接。
进一步的，在所述分离器固料出口和所述流化床之间的管路上设有返料风机，所述分离器固料出口和所述流化床之间的管路与所述返料风机的出风口贯通连接。
进一步的，在所述热交换器与所述除尘器之间的管路上设有引风机。
进一步的，在所述一次风盘管与所述喷嘴之间的管路上设有分配阀，利用所述分配阀控制进入所述燃烧室内的空气量。
进一步的，在所述二次风盘管与所述流化床之间的管路上设有所述分配阀，利用所述分配阀控制进入所述流化床内的空气量。
使用时，将脱硫剂和低灰熔点煤炭加入到所述流化床内，控制进入所述流化床内的空气量，使低灰熔点煤炭泛氧不完全燃烧，使一氧化碳的浓度保持在合理燃烧极限值内；产生的可燃气体进入所述分离器和所述除灰器内进行除灰作业，除灰后的可燃气体进入所述燃烧室内燃烧，燃烧后的高温烟气进入所述热交换器内进行换热。
本发明的优点：本发明先将低灰熔点煤炭在流化床内气化，产生的可燃气体经除灰处理后再进行燃烧换热，使煤炭的灰分不能随着高温烟气进入到换热器，实现了固体燃料和气体燃料按照不同燃烧条件的分离燃烧，解决了低灰熔点煤在现有循环流化床锅炉中燃烧容易导致热交换器内水冷壁上结长石的问题。
附图说明：
图1为实施例1一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统示意图。
图中：流化床1，分离器2，除灰器3，燃烧室4，热交换器5，喷嘴6，返料风机7，除尘器8，引风机9，循环水套10，一次风盘管11，二次风盘管12，锅炉13，一次风机14，二次风机15，分配阀16，渣场17。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其包括流化床1、分离器2、除灰器3、燃烧室4和热交换器5，在燃烧室4的侧壁上设有若干喷嘴6；流化床1的排气口与分离器2的进气口通过管路连通，分离器2的固料出口与流化床1通过管路连通，在分离器2固料出口和流化床1之间的管路上设有返料风机7，分离器2固料出口和流化床1之间的管路与返料风机7的出风口贯通连接；分离器2的排气口与除灰器3的进气口通过管路连通，除灰器3的排气口与喷嘴6的燃料入口通过管路连通，燃烧室4的排气口与热交换器5的热风入口通过管路连通，热交换器5的冷风出口与除尘器8通过管路连通，在热交换器5与除尘器8之间的管路上设有引风机9；热交换器5内由上至下依次设有循环水套10、一次风盘管11和二次风盘管12，循环水套10的进水口和出水口分别与锅炉13的进水口和出水口连通，一次风盘管11的进风口与一次风机14连接，一次风盘管11的出风口与喷嘴6的进风口通过管路连通；二次风盘管12的进风口与二次风机15连接，二次风盘管12的出风口与流化床1的进风口通过管路连通，在喷嘴6与一次风盘管11之间的管路上设有分配阀16，在二次风盘管12与流化床1之间的管路上也设有分配阀16；流化床1、除灰器3、燃烧室4和热交换器5的排灰口分别与渣场17连接。
使用时，将脱硫剂和低灰熔点煤炭加入到流化床1内，控制进入流化床1内的空气量，使低灰熔点煤炭泛氧不完全燃烧，使一氧化碳的浓度保持在合理燃烧极限值内；产生的可燃气体进入分离器2和除灰器3内进行除灰作业，除灰后的可燃气体进入燃烧室4内燃烧，燃烧后的高温烟气进入热交换器5内进行换热。

Claims (5)

1.一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其包括流化床、分离器、除灰器、燃烧室和热交换器，其特征在于，在所述燃烧室的侧壁上设有若干喷嘴；所述流化床的排气口与所述分离器的进气口通过管路连通，所述分离器的固料出口与所述流化床通过管路连通，所述分离器的排气口与所述除灰器的进气口通过管路连通，所述除灰器的排气口与所述喷嘴的燃料入口通过管路连通，所述燃烧室的排气口与所述热交换器的热风入口通过管路连通，所述热交换器的冷风出口与所述除尘器通过管路连通；所述热交换器内由上至下依次设有循环水套、一次风盘管和二次风盘管，所述循环水套的进水口和出水口分别与锅炉的进水口和出水口连通，所述一次风盘管的进风口与一次风机连接，所述一次风盘管的出风口与所述喷嘴的进风口通过管路连通；所述二次风盘管的进风口与二次风机连接，所述二次风盘管的出风口与所述流化床的进风口通过管路连通；所述流化床、所述除灰器、所述燃烧室和所述热交换器的排灰口分别与渣场连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其特征在于，在所述分离器固料出口和所述流化床之间的管路上设有返料风机，所述分离器固料出口和所述流化床之间的管路与所述返料风机的出风口贯通连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其特征在于，在所述热交换器与所述除尘器之间的管路上设有引风机。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其特征在于，在所述一次风盘管与所述喷嘴之间的管路上设有分配阀。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统，其特征在于，在所述二次风盘管与所述流化床之间的管路上设有所述分配阀。
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CN2136934Y (zh) * 1992-09-07 1993-06-23 周瑞熊 双床双级循环沸腾燃烧锅炉
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US5325796A (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-07-05 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Process for decreasing N2 O emissions from a fluidized bed reactor
CN1250514A (zh) * 1997-03-13 2000-04-12 日立造船株式会社 燃烧装置
CN102341650A (zh) * 2009-03-06 2012-02-01 美卓动力有限公司 用于减少氧燃料燃烧中的氮氧化物排放的方法
WO2015033022A1 (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-03-12 Valmet Power Oy Arrangement and method for burning fuel
CN205560719U (zh) * 2016-03-02 2016-09-07 内蒙古金土环保科技有限公司 一种脱硫泛氧燃烧系统

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5237963A (en) * 1992-05-04 1993-08-24 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation System and method for two-stage combustion in a fluidized bed reactor
US5325796A (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-07-05 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Process for decreasing N2 O emissions from a fluidized bed reactor
CN2136934Y (zh) * 1992-09-07 1993-06-23 周瑞熊 双床双级循环沸腾燃烧锅炉
CN1250514A (zh) * 1997-03-13 2000-04-12 日立造船株式会社 燃烧装置
CN102341650A (zh) * 2009-03-06 2012-02-01 美卓动力有限公司 用于减少氧燃料燃烧中的氮氧化物排放的方法
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