CN105586554B - A kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application - Google Patents
A kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105586554B CN105586554B CN201410562186.XA CN201410562186A CN105586554B CN 105586554 B CN105586554 B CN 105586554B CN 201410562186 A CN201410562186 A CN 201410562186A CN 105586554 B CN105586554 B CN 105586554B
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 241000227287 Elliottia pyroliflora Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application, belongs to nanocrystalline material technical field.The nano-crystalline copper materials are selection general industry copper products, are prepared as follows：1) hot rolling；2) high annealing, for temperature in the range of 300~400 DEG C, the time is 2~5 hours；3) deep cold rolling, cold-rolling deformation degree are 70~90%.Raw material range of choice that the present invention prepares nanocrystalline copper is wide, method is simple, suitable for industrial requirement, prepared nano-crystalline copper materials can be used for the slip cap for making electrical equipment knife switch conductive component or axle, the wear-resisting of part, corrosion resisting property and stability can be improved, extends part service life in extreme operating environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nanocrystalline material technical field, and in particular to a kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application.
Background technology
Power supply generally controls it to block and turn on power-using body with knife switch, and the plug-in strip of all size and model is opened
Close, as the control unit of electric terminal, with its it is easy to use and extensively using in different distribution facilities.Leading in knife switch
Electric part (static contact and moving contact) generally use red copper is made.Red copper has excellent electric conductivity, but its intensity is not good enough,
It is easily deformed, the red copper after being annealed because of arc discharge is more so.Additionally, due to temperature difference of the knife switch in switching electricity
Different, when being especially applicable to using the larger field of the temperature difference, the easy variation with temperature of red copper material is deformed and heat becomes
Change, this may cause contact conducting element the phenomenon of loose contact occur and influence service life.And as knife switch makes
The increase of open and close number is repeated during, the frictional wear amount increase between red copper contact surface (or point), these all can be further
Knife switch service life is caused to shorten, severe patient is also possible to cause disconnected phase and burn out electrical equipment, is such as applied to severe rugged environment
In can also have bigger requirement to its corrosion resistant ability.
Copper bush is mainly used in sliding on axle, is important set member mechanically.The effect of copper bush in the machine is just
It is to reduce friction, reduce vibrations, anticorrosion, reduce noise, be easy to repair, simplify structure fabrication process.In moving component, by
Copper bush can be caused to wear in long-term friction, anti-corrosion is also used it in some occasions, i.e., axle is situated between with harmful by copper bush
Matter isolation is come.When copper bush abrasion or corrode to a certain extent, then need to be changed.And for some complicated equipment
Or applied to the equipment in severe rugged environment for, the maintenance of part is difficult, and renewal part difficulty is very big.Therefore copper bush is improved
Wear-resisting and decay resistance, and then the service life for increasing axle has important research value.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application, for preparing the raw material of nanocrystalline copper
Range of choice is wide, method is simple, suitable for industrial requirement, and prepared nano-crystalline copper materials can be used for making electrical equipment knife switch
Copper bush is slided on conductive component and axle, it is possible to increase the wear-resisting of part, corrosion resisting property and stability, in extreme operating environments
Extend part service life.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of nano-crystalline copper materials, the nano-crystalline copper materials are that selection general industry copper walks as raw material, and by following
It is rapid to prepare：1) hot rolling；2) high annealing：Annealing temperature is in the range of 300~400 DEG C (are preferably 320~350 DEG C), during annealing
Between be 2~5 hours；3) deep cold rolling, cold-rolling deformation degree are 70~90%；So as to obtain the nano-crystalline copper materials.
The nano-crystalline copper materials prepared using the above method, in 2-200K temperature ranges, its linear expansion coefficient is (1.01
~1.98) × 10–5/ K, specific heat at constant pressure are 201~317J/kg.K.
The invention has the advantages that and good effect：
1st, the present invention is received using common raw material (red copper), common preparation technology (normative heat treatment, hot rolling and cold rolling)
The brilliant copper product of rice, prepared nano-crystalline copper materials crystallite dimension is small, can prepare large scale sample, suitable for industrial requirement, sample
The big I of product does standard tensile performance test.And then exist when existing nano-crystalline copper materials crystallite dimension is bigger than normal, sample size is big
The drawbacks such as uneven components, performance be unstable.If R.Z.Valiev is using depth plastic deformation (Sever Plastic
Deformation, abbreviation：Nanocrystalline copper size prepared by special processing SPD) is more than the application, is used using SPD methods
Sample is generally Φ 20 × (70~100) mm3。
2nd, nano-crystalline copper materials of the present invention, (80K~300K) its properties are better than common red copper material under cryogenic conditions
And existing nanocrystalline copper, such as：Wear resistance, corrosion resisting property and ability of anti-deformation etc., and properties are stable.
3rd, nano-crystalline copper materials of the present invention are in 2-200K temperature ranges, its linear expansion coefficient be (1.01~1.98) ×
10–5/ K, specific heat at constant pressure are 201~317J/kg.K.
4th, nano-crystalline copper materials of the present invention can be used for making knife switch conductive component or nanocrystalline copper shaft sleeve parts, by it
Applied under cryogenic conditions, contact is good, energy consumption is smaller after open and close or long-time use is repeated several times, still having,
Performance is reliable and the advantages that service life is long.And the knife switch and sliding shaft sleeve for using common red copper to make, use
40 DEG C of temperature upper limit, -5 DEG C of lower limit, and nano-crystalline copper materials of the prior art are used then because it can not prepare large scale sample
Product and being not used to prepare knife switch or shaft sleeve parts, and the polishing machine of nano-crystalline copper materials of the present invention, stability and resistance to
Erosion ability etc. is also much better than existing copper or nano-crystalline copper materials.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment selection red copper (the present embodiment uses Φ 20) operates as follows for raw material：
1. hot rolling：The red copper is rolled to 4 millimeters thicks；
2. heat treatment：High annealing, high temperature are kept for 2 hours to 310 DEG C；
3. cold rolling：4 millimeters thick red copper materials are cold rolled to 0.8 millimeter, its cold-rolling deformation is 85% by length computation, that is, is obtained
Obtain nano-crystalline copper materials.
The present embodiment makes the nanocrystalline red copper of [0.8 × 35mm × arbitrarily long], by X ray and transmission electron microscope analysis,
Crystal grain of the present invention has reached nanoscale scope, and grain size test result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 is the grain size test result of embodiment 1
| Grain size (average) * | Method of testing | Measuring unit |
| 33nm* | X ray | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| 49nm | Transmission electron microscope | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Wherein：* residual stress effect in sample has been deducted.
Nano-crystalline copper materials prepared by the present embodiment after tested, in the range of 2-200K, its linear expansion coefficient for (1.21~
1.62)×10–5/K.Specific heat at constant pressure is 223~287J/kg.K in the range of 2-200K.
Comparative example 1
This example selection red copper (the present embodiment uses Φ 20) operates as follows for raw material：
1. hot rolling：, the red copper is rolled to 4 millimeters thicks；
2. heat treatment：High annealing, high temperature are kept for 2 hours to 400 DEG C；
3. cold rolling：4 millimeters thick red copper materials are cold rolled to 0.8 millimeter, its cold-rolling deformation is 98% by length computation, that is, is obtained
Obtain nano-crystalline copper materials.
The embodiment of the present invention can make the nanocrystalline red copper of [0.8 × 35mm × arbitrarily long], pass through X ray and transmission electricity
Mirror is analyzed, and crystal grain of the present invention has reached nanoscale scope, and grain size test result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 is the grain size test result of embodiment 1
| Grain size (average) | Method of testing | Measuring unit |
| 53nm* | X ray | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| 79nm | Transmission electron microscope | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Wherein：* residual stress effect in sample has been deducted.
Nano-crystalline copper materials prepared by this example after tested, in the range of 2-200K, its linear expansion coefficient for (2.01~
2.68)×10–5/K.Specific heat at constant pressure is 283~370J/kg.K in the range of 2-200K..
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment selection red copper (the present embodiment uses Φ 30) operates according to the following steps for raw material：
1. hot rolling：The red copper is rolled to 4 millimeters thicks；
2. heat treatment：High annealing, high temperature are kept for 5 hours to 350 DEG C；
3. cold rolling：4 millimeters thick red copper materials are cold rolled to 1.0 millimeters, its cold-rolling deformation is 85% by length computation, that is, is obtained
Obtain nanocrystalline red copper material.
The present embodiment can make the nanocrystalline red copper of [1.0 × 45mm × arbitrarily long], pass through X ray and transmission electron microscope point
Analysis, crystal grain of the present invention have reached nanoscale scope, and grain size test result is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 is the grain size test result of embodiment 2
| Grain size (average) | Method of testing | Measuring unit |
| 33nm* | X ray | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| 59nm | Transmission electron microscope | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Wherein：* residual stress effect in sample has been deducted.
Obtained by the present embodiment in the range of its linear expansion coefficient of nano-crystalline copper materials 2-200K, its linear expansion coefficient is (1.01
~1.98) × 10–5/K.Specific heat at constant pressure is 251~357J/kg.K in the range of 2-200K..
Comparative example 2
This example selection red copper (the present embodiment uses Φ 30) operates according to the following steps for raw material：
1. hot rolling：The red copper is rolled to 4 millimeters thicks；
2. heat treatment：High annealing, high temperature are kept for 5 hours to 500 DEG C；
3. cold rolling：4 millimeters thick red copper materials are cold rolled to 1.0 millimeters, its cold-rolling deformation is 95% by length computation, that is, is obtained
Obtain nanocrystalline red copper material.
The embodiment of the present invention can make the nanocrystalline red copper of [1.0 × 45mm × arbitrarily long], pass through X ray and transmission electricity
Mirror is analyzed, and crystal grain of the present invention has reached nanoscale scope, and grain size test result is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 is the grain size test result of comparative example 2
| Grain size (average) | Method of testing | Measuring unit |
| 63nm* | X ray | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| 95nm | Transmission electron microscope | Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Wherein：* residual stress effect in sample has been deducted.
Nano-crystalline copper materials obtained by this example, in the range of its linear expansion coefficient 2-200K, its linear expansion coefficient for (2.51~
3.18)×10–5/K.Specific heat at constant pressure is 301~373J/kg.K in the range of 2-200K.
Sliding frictional wear nano-crystalline copper materials prepared by above-described embodiment and comparative example carried out under room temperature condition is real
Test, experimentation is as follows：
Using Optimol SRV III ball disc type wear tester study sample friction and wear behaviors.Sample is cut into
1mm (or 0.8mm) × 8mm × 3mm, to the secondary WC-Co balls from a diameter of 10mm of mill, hardness Hv1750.Experiment condition is：
Room temperature, air humidity 40~50%, 5~200N of load, 5~20Hz of vibration frequency, 50 μm of amplitude or 2mm, sliding time 1h.
Coefficient of friction provides the automatic record of software conversion for oneself by experimental machine.Wear rate W is calculated by formula W=V/NS, and wherein V is abrasion body
Product, N is load, and S is sliding distance.
Experimental result is as follows：Embodiment Rubbing number 10,000 times, sample surfaces wear extent are 3~5%, common red copper material
Rubbing number 10,000 times, sample surfaces wear extent are 10%.It can be seen that the application nano-crystalline copper materials can improve the wear-resisting of part
Property, extend part service life.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. nano-crystalline copper materials, it is characterised in that：The nano-crystalline copper materials are to select general industry copper as raw material, and Prepare as follows：1) hot rolling；2) high annealing：For annealing temperature in the range of 310~350 DEG C, annealing time is 2~5 hours；3) deep cold rolling：Cold-rolling deformation degree is 70~85%；For the nano-crystalline copper materials in 2-200K temperature ranges, its linear expansion coefficient is (1.01~1.98) × 10–5/ K, level pressure Specific heat is 201~317J/kg.K.
- 2. nano-crystalline copper materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), annealing temperature is 320~350 ℃。
- 3. the application of nano-crystalline copper materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The nano-crystalline copper materials are used to make Make knife switch conductive component or nanocrystalline copper shaft sleeve parts.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410562186.XA CN105586554B (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | A kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410562186.XA CN105586554B (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | A kind of nano-crystalline copper materials and its application |
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| CN105586554B true CN105586554B (en) | 2018-01-09 |
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| CN1966734A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Process for preparing nano-crystalline copper materials |
| CN102031490B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-01-23 | 江苏大学 | High-strength high-conductivity nanocrystal copper material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102094156A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2011-06-15 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing iron-based nanocrystalline material by mid-low-frequency magnetic pulse |
| CN104078180B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-11-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of nano-crystal soft-magnetic composite and preparation method thereof |
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