CN1055845A - AC asynchronous motor modulating speed control, starting method and device - Google Patents
AC asynchronous motor modulating speed control, starting method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1055845A CN1055845A CN 91106335 CN91106335A CN1055845A CN 1055845 A CN1055845 A CN 1055845A CN 91106335 CN91106335 CN 91106335 CN 91106335 A CN91106335 A CN 91106335A CN 1055845 A CN1055845 A CN 1055845A
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of method and device that AC asynchronous motor is carried out speed governing, starting.This method is with one or frequency adjustable, or pulsewidth is adjustable, or frequency, the compound adjustable square wave modulating pulse of pulsewidth, modulate (copped wave) power supply power-frequency voltage by the controllable silicon (SCR) that inverse parallel is serially connected between three phase mains and the motor, realize ac motor speed control.When starting, realize start request by the average voltage and the average current that reduce motor.Device disclosed by the invention is to adopt microcomputer to realize.The present invention is stepless speed regulation, and speed governing is level and smooth, speed-regulating range width.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of speed governing, starting method and device that is used for various AC asynchronous motor.Relate more specifically to a kind of employing pulse Frequency-variable Modulation; Or pulse width modulation; Or the compound modulation scheme of pulse, the AC power power-frequency voltage is modulated, realize the method and the device of AC asynchronous motor speed governing, starting.
As everyone knows, AC asynchronous motor is interconnected cage motor particularly, and, low price simple in structure with it, maintenance are little, are used widely aborning.But the speed governing of alternating current motor (the following AC asynchronous motor that all refers to) is the problem of fine solution of failing for many years.Up to the present, alternating current motor is generally adopted pole changing, variable voltage control and frequency control.But these three kinds of speed regulating methods of alternating current motor respectively exist pluses and minuses: pole changing, though speed control device is simple, belong to step speed regulation, and speed adjustable range is very narrow, and range of application is little; Variable voltage control, though speed control device is not very complicated, can be when low-speed heave-load because of motor does not have enough torque stalls and burn motor, so speed adjustable range is narrow, and be unsuitable for heavily loaded speed governing; Frequency control, speed-regulating range width, mechanical property are good, but its technical sophistication, apparatus expensive, therefore also can't extensively popularize aborning now, some AC frequency control apparatus also exists power factor low and produce the shortcoming of high order harmonic component, and electrical network is produced public hazards.
The objective of the invention is though overcome the expensive shortcoming of technological performance speed regulating device, provides a kind of new alternating current motor modulating speed control concrete grammar and device in order to overcome the shortcoming of existing ac speed control technology.
There is the people to imagine about alternating current motor modulating speed control method past attempts and mentions, but all do not provide feasible specific implementation.Example is raised " alternating-current switch (pulse) speed governing " that " principle of motor speed adjusting and the system " that emerging precious jade writes (the water conservancy sharp publishing house of electricity front page in 1979) letters are stated, this imagination only relates to winding asynchronous motor, and require " rotor loop seals in frequency sensitive trheostat; In addition, this speed regulating method must have suitable negative velocity feedback ...., otherwise motor is easy to slide at full speed or two limiting conditions of full cut-off get on.”
The invention discloses a kind of concrete, feasible, alternating current motor modulating speed control of easy realization, starting method.Not only speed adjustable range is very wide, speed governing is level and smooth for it, and governing system is simple, cost is very low, has higher performance and practical value.
The starting that the present invention is used for alternating current motor can reduce average voltage and average current, then can not reduce the torque of motor transient starting owing to do not reduce instantaneous voltage, has satisfied start request.
The present invention realizes that the method for ac motor speed control and operation principle are as follows:
Between AC power and alternating current motor, every antiparallel controllable silicon (SCR) that is connected in series respectively mutually is as the power component of the AC power power-frequency voltage being modulated (copped wave).Controllable silicon is subjected to the control of modulating pulse, and the AC power power-frequency voltage is modulated.
Supply voltage after the modulation is added on the AC electrical machine stator, makes alternating current motor be in electronic operating state at a kind of intermittence, and its chopper frequency depends on frequency of modulation pulse.Being in the intermittently motor of electronic operating state, is zero moment in stator voltage, and stator current, motor torque all are zero, and motor is in the free parking state; In stator voltage is the moment of supply voltage, and stator current also comprises dynamic acceleration electric current except that comprising exciting current, load current, and also there is accelerating torque in motor torque except that overcoming load torque, in order to the compensation free parking prompt drop of moment.Because there are inertia in motor and gearing, at this moment motor is equilibrated at a certain rotating speed.
From the angle of macroscopic view, after supply voltage was modulated, the average voltage of motor and average power were all with the frequency of modulating pulse and the variation of pulsewidth direct ratio.Motor comes the power of balance gearing just with the average output power under a certain speed.The frequency of modulating pulse is high more or pulsewidth is wide more, and on-state rate is big more, and the average power of motor output is big more, and its rotating speed is also just high more; Otherwise then the rotating speed of motor is low more.
The present invention has adopted several modulation systems that the power supply power-frequency voltage is modulated, and different modulation systems will produce different speed governing effects, to satisfy the requirement of different gearings and production technology.Below in conjunction with the different modulating mode of description of drawings the present invention employing and the different governor control characteristics that modulation system produced.
Fig. 1 be pulse width modulation the modulated square wave impulse waveform and modulated after the power supply power frequency voltage waveform.
Fig. 2 is the modulated square wave impulse waveform of pulse frequency modulated.
Fig. 3 is the modulated square wave impulse waveform of pulse duration and width complex modulated.
Fig. 4 is the modulated square wave impulse waveform of pulse frequency and pulse duration complex modulated.
Its pulse frequency of the modulating pulse of pulse width modulation-this modulation system is fixed, and utilizes the width that changes modulating pulse to change on-state rate, realizes speed governing.On-state rate changes evenly in whole speed adjustable range, but the speed governing gradient is big when frequency of modulation pulse is high slightly, and the speed governing flatness is relatively poor.In order to improve the speed governing flatness, can reduce the frequency of modulating pulse, but the too low shake that can produce gearing of the frequency of modulating pulse, therefore for the little governing system of machinery inertial, the frequency of modulating pulse should not be too low.Accompanying drawing 1 illustrates pulse width modulated waveform.
Its pulse duration of the modulating pulse of pulse frequency modulated-this modulation system is fixed, and utilizes the frequency that changes modulating pulse to change on-state rate, carries out speed governing.The frequency of modulating pulse is when low-frequency range changes, and on-state rate changes slowly, and speed governing is level and smooth.But it is fast more that the high more on-state rate of the frequency of modulating pulse changes, and the speed governing flatness is poor more.In order to improve the speed adjusting performance of high band, the fixed pulse width that can suitably increase modulating pulse compensates.This is to have sacrificed the local speed governing of low-frequency range district, enlarges high band speed governing district.Accompanying drawing 2 illustrates the pulse frequency modulated waveform.
Complex modulated-pulse frequency modulated and pulse width modulation respectively have characteristics, and they combine and can remedy mutual shortcoming, make speed governing level and smooth, speed-regulating range width, speed governing non-jitter.Can adopt the compound of pulse frequency modulated and pulse width modulation respectively, the compound and pulse width modulation of pulse frequency modulated and pulse frequency modulated and pulse width modulation compound.Providing two kinds of complex modulated below describes:
Accompanying drawing 4 is that pulse frequency and pulse duration are carried out complex modulated, i.e. the width and the frequency of modulating pulse change simultaneously, thereby change on-state rate simultaneously.Guarantee that so promptly the high band speed governing is level and smooth, take into account the low-frequency range speed-regulating range width again.Realize that speed governing is level and smooth, even, the requirement of speed-regulating range width.
It is compound that complex modulated can also adopt a plurality of modulating pulses to carry out, and it is compound to adopt adaptive mode to carry out, and has just repeated no more here.As can be seen, the complex modulated combination is flexible, and good speed adjustment features can utilize the complex modulated design to produce the modulating pulse of satisfying different gearings and technological requirement, should be as the major programme of design ac modulation speed regulating device, this is the characteristics of the present invention aspect modulation just also.
Further describe method and characteristics that the present invention modulates the AC power power-frequency voltage below.
It is that power component is modulated the AC power power-frequency voltage that the present invention adopts controllable silicon, and modulated process is subjected to the control of SCR control utmost point trigger impulse.The waveform characteristics of the triggering mode of SCR trigger pulse and trigger impulse just become alternating current motor modulating speed control and key of the present invention like this.
The present invention is applied to the trigger impulse that the SCR control that is used to modulate the AC power power-frequency voltage extremely goes up when speed governing, should guarantee " apply simultaneously, cancel simultaneously ", and promptly trigger impulse should guarantee synchronously between each controllable silicon.Adopt this triggering mode, can guarantee that the three-phase of alternating current motor passes to power-frequency voltage and electric current simultaneously, to prevent to produce " moment phase shortage " phenomenon.Driving the silicon controlled modulating pulse is carrier pulse, and its first-harmonic is a trigger impulse, adopts high-frequency impulse row or wide trigger impulse, can guarantee the reliable change of current between the three-phase controllable silicon like this, to prevent to produce " change of current phase shortage " phenomenon.Be loaded with the square wave modulating pulse on the first-harmonic, act on the controllable silicon AC power power-frequency voltage is modulated.When employing " controllable silicon promotes to isolate integrated package " driving controllable silicon, can directly the square wave modulating pulse be added to controllable silicon promotion isolation integrated package control end and make it to trigger controllable silicon.
The whole speed governing modulated process of the present invention is such: at first produced by speed control signal control, or pulsewidth is adjustable or frequency adjustable or compound adjustable square wave modulating pulse.Modulate triggering silicon controlled high-frequency impulse row or wide trigger impulse with this square wave modulating pulse.Should be pointed out that when realizing control circuit with microcomputer, more than two steps can be merged into a step by program and once finish, promptly directly produce high frequency carrier spike train or the carrier wave broad pulse that is loaded with the square wave modulating pulse by speed control signal control.Again modulated high-frequency impulse row or wide trigger impulse are added to SCR control and extremely go up, controllable silicon just can be modulated the AC power power-frequency voltage.Be intermittently of trigger impulse have or not cause silicon controlled intermittently conducting turn-off, silicon controlled intermittently conducting turn-offs the voltage that is added on the motor is intermittently had or not, thus by the modulation of AC power power-frequency voltage being realized the speed governing of AC asynchronous motor.
The speed regulating method that proposes with the present invention starts alternating current motor, as long as guarantee that the velocity setting signal is started from scratch slowly to be increased with a certain fixed slope when starting, just can make the increase of motor speed can follow the increase of velocity setting signal.The growth slope of the given signal of control rate, average current when just having controlled motor starting and starting acceleration.
Alternating current motor modulating speed control method proposed by the invention can realize with simulation, Digital Logical Circuits, also can realize with electronic computing circuit.Below in conjunction with system controlled by computer alternating current motor modulating speed control, the starting device of accompanying drawing 5 explanations according to the inventive method realization.
Fig. 5 adopts micro-processor controlled alternating current motor modulating speed control, starting device schematic diagram.
This device mainly is made up of A/D converter [1], microcomputer [2], recombiner [3], driver [4], modulator [5] and alternating current motor [6].The given signal Vi of A/D converter response speed produces parallel digital signal and exports the microcomputer input port to.The microcomputer response input port given signal of numeral produces four kinds of high frequency carrier spike trains, exports recombiner to by the P1～P4 position of delivery outlet.The high frequency carrier spike train of P1～P4 output, their first-harmonic are same frequency, synchronous rectangle high-frequency impulse row, and are loaded with the rectangular modulation pulse simultaneously.And their difference is: P1 is loaded with the adjustable modulating pulse of fixed-frequency pulsewidth; P2 and P3 are loaded with the adjustable modulating pulse of pulsewidth fixed frequency, but the frequency of P3 modulating pulse is higher than P2; P4 is loaded with pulsewidth and frequency is all fixed but the very narrow modulating pulse of pulsewidth, and the frequency of modulating pulse is higher than P1.Recombiner makes up compound to P1～P4 signal by switch and Digital Logic OR circuit, just can produce pulse width modulation mode, frequency modulation(FM) mode, pulsewidth hybrid multiplex modulation system, frequency multiplexed modulation system and pulse duration frequency hybrid multiplex modulation system.Driver receives the high frequency carrier spike train of recombiner output, and its output connects the SCR control utmost point in the modulator, and the three-phase alternating-current supply power-frequency voltage that its driving controllable silicon butts up against on the modulator is modulated.Modulator is the modulation power element with the controllable silicon, and three-phase alternating-current supply will have two-phase serial connection inverse parallel controllable silicon at least in modulator, also controllable silicon and diode inverse parallel can be serially connected in every mutually in.Modulator output connects alternating current motor, and alternating current motor is carried out speed governing.
When this device was used to start, microcomputer under the velocity setting signal controlling, made the signal of control modulation begin to increase by a certain slope by zero by program, satisfies start request.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of speed governing of AC asynchronous motor, starting method is characterized in that:
(1) being connected in series with the controllable silicon between alternating current motor and AC power frequency supply is that the modulation power element is modulated the modulator of (copped wave) to the AC power power-frequency voltage,
(2) by the velocity setting signal controlling produce the pulsewidth be used to modulate or (with) modulating pulse of frequency adjustable, modulating pulse goes to trigger and control the controllable silicon conducting of each phase line of modulator simultaneously and end as trigger impulse by scr triggering device, and then modulation (copped wave) AC power is applied to the power-frequency voltage on the motor, realize the speed governing of AC asynchronous motor
(3) make the velocity setting signal begin to increase by a certain integration slope by zero, the also corresponding slow increase of modulator on-state rate realizes the starting of AC asynchronous motor.
2, speed governing according to claim 1, starting method is characterized in that will having at least in the modulator three-phase alternating current two-phase serial connection inverse parallel controllable silicon or bidirectional triode thyristor, also controllable silicon and rectifier diode inverse parallel can be serially connected in every mutually in.
3, speed governing according to claim 1, starting method, it is characterized in that driving that to trigger the silicon controlled modulating pulse be to be loaded with the high frequency carrier spike train of square wave modulating pulse or the wide trigger impulse of carrier wave, the pulsewidth of its square wave modulating pulse or (with) frequency reflected the size of velocity setting signal.
4, speed governing according to claim 1, starting method is characterized in that the square wave modulating pulse can be directly adopted in modulating pulse, is added to the input that controllable silicon promotes to isolate integrated package when scr triggering device adopts " controllable silicon promotes to isolate integrated package ".
5, according to claim 1 or 3 or 4 described speed governing, starting method, it is characterized in that the modulation of AC power power-frequency voltage is followed according to needs employing or pulse width modulation or pulse frequency modulated or pulse duration complex modulated or modulation systems such as pulse frequency complex modulated or the modulation of pulse duration frequency multiplexed respectively, these several modulation systems respectively the pulsewidth by changing the square wave modulating pulse or (with) frequency realizes.
6, according to claim 1 or 3 described speed governing, starting method, it is characterized in that driving that to trigger each phase line silicon controlled trigger impulse be same modulating pulse, the trigger impulse on each controllable silicon " applies simultaneously, cancels simultaneously ".
7, a kind of described speed governing of claim 1, the speed governing of starting method, starting device realized, it is characterized in that with microcomputer [2] control, it is made up of A/D converter [1], microcomputer [2], recombiner [3], driver [4] and modulator [5], four kinds of high frequency carrier spike trains of four output by microcomputer [2] delivery outlet, its first-harmonic is same frequency, synchronous high-frequency impulse row, is loaded with the square wave modulating pulse of different in width, different frequency respectively.
8, speed governing according to claim 7, starting device is characterized in that recombiner [3] adopts switch and Digital Logical Circuits to make up compound to P1～P4 modulated pulse signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106335 CN1021610C (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Modulation speed governing starting method and unit for asynchronous ac motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106335 CN1021610C (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Modulation speed governing starting method and unit for asynchronous ac motor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1055845A true CN1055845A (en) | 1991-10-30 |
| CN1021610C CN1021610C (en) | 1993-07-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106335 Expired - Fee Related CN1021610C (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1991-02-11 | Modulation speed governing starting method and unit for asynchronous ac motor |
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| CN (1) | CN1021610C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107623476A (en) * | 2017-09-16 | 2018-01-23 | 武汉豪岩照明电子有限公司 | The permanent anti-frequency converter of threephase asynchronous machine |
| CN109209850A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-15 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Compressor start driving circuit, driving method, device and computer storage medium |
-
1991
- 1991-02-11 CN CN 91106335 patent/CN1021610C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107623476A (en) * | 2017-09-16 | 2018-01-23 | 武汉豪岩照明电子有限公司 | The permanent anti-frequency converter of threephase asynchronous machine |
| CN109209850A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-15 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Compressor start driving circuit, driving method, device and computer storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1021610C (en) | 1993-07-14 |
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