CN105581881A - Inflatable mattress capable of relieving hypopnea symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea - Google Patents
Inflatable mattress capable of relieving hypopnea symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea Download PDFInfo
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- CN105581881A CN105581881A CN201610106698.4A CN201610106698A CN105581881A CN 105581881 A CN105581881 A CN 105581881A CN 201610106698 A CN201610106698 A CN 201610106698A CN 105581881 A CN105581881 A CN 105581881A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/001—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons with means for turning-over the patient
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4803—Speech analysis specially adapted for diagnostic purposes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4818—Sleep apnoea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
- A61B5/6891—Furniture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/7455—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means characterised by tactile indication, e.g. vibration or electrical stimulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/746—Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/56—Devices for preventing snoring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G2200/00—Information related to the kind of patient or his position
- A61G2200/30—Specific positions of the patient
- A61G2200/32—Specific positions of the patient lying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
- A61G2203/10—General characteristics of devices characterised by specific control means, e.g. for adjustment or steering
- A61G2203/20—Displays or monitors
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- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an inflatable mattress capable of relieving hypopnea symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea. The inflatable mattress comprises a control circuit, a monitoring system, an air path and a mattress body. The mattress body comprises two airbags, the air path is connected with the two airbags, and the control circuit controls inflation and deflation of the airbags by controlling the air path. A previous snoring stopping intervention means is changed, the sleeping posture of a user is changed without influencing the sleep of the user, and the symptoms of snoring and sleep apnea are relieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical Instrument field, more specifically, relate to a kind of low for improving snoring and sleep apneaThe mattress of ventilation symptom.
Background technology
Common sleep disordered breathing disease comprises snore disease and obstructive sleep apnea low syndrome(OSAHS), this two disease can be regarded the different stages of development of same disease as, and snoring while all showing as sleep, can go out when seriousExisting apnea, feel suffocated, the situation such as daytime is drowsiness, further develop and can occur hypertension, diabetes, cordis and cerebral accident etc.Serious illness. Snore disease illness rate in China adult reaches 12-38%, and OSAHS illness rate in China adult is 4.1%.The cause of disease of OSAHS and snore disease has individual common ground, is all when sleep because the upper respiratory tract subsides, the narrow patient of causing is low even stop up by ventilationBreath. Research finds that the OSAHS patient of 67-75% in Asian has increased the weight of the state of an illness because lying on the back, and the patient of 25-30% directly leads by lying on the backCausing this disease occurs. Foreign scholar, by the methods for the treatment of of Position intervention, avoids lying on the back while making patient sleep, thereby has reduced 45-63.4% apnea hypopnea indexes, has significantly improved disease symptoms. While having scholar's research to advise that this patient sleepsLie on one's side more than 30 degree, cervical vertebra supports higher than 7cm, and shoulder blade supports higher than 3cm, can reduce more than 80% sleep apneaLow ventilation index.
At present, common anti-snore device intervention means is to use the modes such as vibrations, sound, electro photoluminescence, wakes user up, orderThe reflective contraction of respiratory tract muscle occurrence condition, reopens respiratory tract, removes airway constriction, obstruction, reaches the object of snore relieving.Common Position intervention device mostly is certain barrier or the supporter that patient lays behind, stops user to lie on the back, and places and risesEffect, it is invalid to extract, and does not have the effect of controlling opportunity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, providing can be by time, do not affect sleep ground mode changes user's position,To improve the snoring state and the low blood oxygen saturation state that cause because lying on the back.
According to above object, it is a kind of for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea that first the present invention provides, and comprises controlCircuit processed, monitoring system, gas circuit and mattress, described mattress comprises two air bags, described gas circuit connects respectively two air bags,Thereby described control circuit is controlled the inflation/deflation of air bag by controlling gas circuit.
Described gas circuit comprises multiple air pumps, two-position three way magnetic valve, two-way electromagnetic valve, multiple check valve and for connectingThe tracheae of gas circuit.
Described multiple air pumps comprise the first air pump and the second air pump, and the first air pump connects the air inlet of two-way electromagnetic valveMouthful, the second air pump connects the first check valve, and the gas outlet of two-way electromagnetic valve and the first check valve are connected to two-position three way electricity simultaneouslyOn the air inlet of magnet valve, two gas outlets of two-position three way magnetic valve connect respectively two air bags.
On the tracheae being connected with air bag, be also provided with the second check valve and the 3rd check valve for preventing that gasbag pressure is too high.
The first described air pump is for getting rid of the gas of air bag, and the second described air pump is for the inflation of air bag, describedTwo-way electromagnetic valve is opened in air bags, in airbag aeration, closes.
Described two-position three way magnetic valve is realized the switching of two air bags by whether switching on, while energising and an air bagVentilation, when energising with another one air bag ventilate.
Described monitoring system is oxygen saturation monitor instrument and microphone.
Described control circuit comprises monitor signal acquisition module, the monitor signal processing mould for controlling monitoring systemPiece, bluetooth module, for controlling control module, memory module, supply module, the LED lamp module of gas circuit.
Monitor signal processing module judges whether snoring by processing the voice signal of monitoring modular collection.
Described monitor signal processing module, by the energy of every 1 frame of analysis voice signal, is compared the average of first three frameValue and and the energy feature of the sound of snoring contrast, thereby judge whether voice signal is the sound of snoring.
The present invention has advantages of following:
1. automatically identify the sound of snoring and low blood oxygen condition, in time change user's the sleeping position of lying on the back.
2. the present invention can allow user reach suitable lateral position.
3. by sound of snoring recognition methods of the present invention, can effectively reduce the impact of ambient noise, thus identification accuratelyThe sound of snoring.
4. the present invention, by the monitoring of sound and blood oxygen saturation, carries out the judgement of the sound of snoring and two dimensions of blood oxygen simultaneously.Both can exist jointly, and collaborative work also can work independently and judge.
5. can monitoring user the sound of snoring (or blood oxygen saturation) when sleep, and automatic accurate identification in environmental noiseThe sound of snoring, then in time, adjustable ground, do not affect the soft user's of change in sleep ground the sleeping position of lying on the back, makes it lie on one's side at least30 °, improve airway pressure state, reach the effect of snore relieving. This Position intervention is only carried out in the time that program judgement is necessary, not wholeForce evening to lie on one's side, comfortableness is high, and user can adhere to for a long time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of gas circuit.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of two-position three way magnetic valve.
Fig. 3 is the flow process of sound of snoring judgement.
The gas flow schematic diagram of gas circuit when Fig. 4 is inflation.
The gas flow schematic diagram of gas circuit when Fig. 5 is venting.
Fig. 6 is the use state diagram of mattress.
Wherein, 1 is the first air pump, and 2 is the second air pump, and 3 is two-way electromagnetic valve, and 4 is two-position three way magnetic valve, and 5 is firstCheck valve, 6 is the second check valve, and 7 is the 3rd check valve, and 8 is tracheae, and A and B are two different air bags, 9 is two-position three way electricityThe air inlet of magnet valve, 10 and 11 gas outlets that are two-position three way magnetic valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Unless stated otherwise, the present invention adoptsReagent, equipment and method be the conventional commercial reagent of the art, equipment and the conventional method using.
Embodiment
The present invention discloses a kind of for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea, comprises control circuit, monitoring system, gasRoad and mattress, mattress comprises two air bags, gas circuit connects respectively two air bags, thus control circuit is controlled gas by controlling gas circuitThe inflation/deflation of capsule. Gas circuit comprises 2 air pumps, two-position three way magnetic valve, two-way electromagnetic valve, multiple check valve and for connecting gas circuitTracheae, concrete structure is as described in Figure 1.
As described in Figure 2, in the time that magnetic valve is not switched on, air inlet is communicated with gas outlet 10 structure of two-position three way magnetic valve,Gas can enter magnetic valve and flow out from gas outlet 10 from air inlet, oppositely also can; Gas outlet 9 is in closure state, not withThe path of air inlet, gas outlet 10 connects. In the time that magnetic valve is switched on: air inlet is communicated with gas outlet 9, and gas can be from air inletEnter magnetic valve and flow out from gas outlet 9, oppositely also can; Gas outlet 10 is in closure state, not with air inlet, gas outlet 9Path connects.
The first air pump connects the air inlet of two-way electromagnetic valve, and the second air pump connects the first check valve, the going out of two-way electromagnetic valveGas port and the first check valve are connected on the air inlet of two-position three way magnetic valve simultaneously, two gas outlets of two-position three way magnetic valveConnect respectively two air bags. On the tracheae being connected with air bag, be also provided with the second check valve and for preventing that gasbag pressure is too highThree check valves. The first air pump is for getting rid of the gas of air bag, and the second air pump is for the inflation of air bag, and two-way electromagnetic valve is arranged at air bagWhen gas, open, in airbag aeration, close. Two-position three way magnetic valve is realized cutting of two air bags by whether switching onChange, while energising and the ventilation of air bag, when energising, ventilate with another one air bag. Monitoring system is oxygen saturation monitor instrument and MikeWind.
Air bag is 50X20cm at unaerated state, and being full of gaseity is diameter 14cm, the cylinder of long 50cm. Work as controlWhen circuit judges need to be carried out Position intervention, one of them air bag starts to inflate, through delaying of 5-10 minute (can arranging)Slow gas replenishment process, air bag gently lifts user back, impels it that lying on one's side of 30-90 degree occurs, and improves its upper respiratory tract logicalVaporous condition. After air bag is heaved, user lies on one's side, air bag maintains 20-30 minute (can arrange). Arrive after specific duration when forcing to lie on one's side(can arrange, be no more than 1 hour), air pump is extracted gas in air bag out, and through the slow deflation course of 5-10 minute, air bag was gentlyRemove intervention, now patient still keeps lying on one's side or again replys and lie on the back.
Control circuit is mainly a slice circuit board, bears the function of control and signal processing, controls all submodules simultaneouslyNormal operation. Submodule is as follows:
1. microphone signal acquisition module
The main element of this module is digital microphone, for gathering sound and output digit signals.
2. signal processing module
The main element of this module is MCU, and wherein burning has sound of snoring recognizer, equipment control algolithm etc., for signal processingAnd equipment control.
Sound of snoring recognizer flow process is as shown in Figure 3:
3. bluetooth module
The main element of this module is bluetooth 4.0, for carrying out transfer of data with mobile phone terminal.
4. motor drive module
The main element of this module is two metal-oxide-semiconductor IC, and FDS6990A, enters for the plate external component to relevant (air path part element)Row power supply.
5. memory module
This module main element is Flash, for storing user's sound of snoring related data.
6. power supply and Voltage stabilizing module
This module main element is that boost DC/DC-LMR62014 and voltage stabilizing LDO chip are JY1103-3.3, exists for burning voltageUsable range.
7.LED lamp module
The main original paper of this module is LED lamp, for the open state of display device.
Embodiment function mode:
User lies in mattress part in the time of sleep, and control circuit gathers the sound of snoring. When control circuit collected 5 times in 1 minuteSound of snoring audio frequency, and/or user occur oxygen fall event (blood oxygen saturation decline >=4% and maintain and exceed 10 seconds, be called as oxygen and fall thingPart. This event can reflect the low blood oxygen saturation situation of patient and apnea/low ventilation situation) time, judge that user beatsSnore.
In the time that control circuit judges user in snoring state, start the first air pump (1) to air bag B(16) inflate.
Now gas circuit flows to as shown in Figure 4, and air is entered in gas circuit by the second air pump air inlet, gives vent to anger by way of the first air pumpMouth, the first check valve, two-position three way magnetic valve, finally enter in air bag B. Owing to two-position three way magnetic valve not being switched on,Therefore air inlet and gas outlet 9 are communicated with, gas outlet 10 is not connected with other two mouthfuls, in closed state. A now two-way electromagnetismValve is in "on" position not, and gas cannot flow out from magnetic valve. When the second air pump work is after 10 minutes, control circuit stopsOne air pump work, and continue to gather the sound of snoring.
If there is not the continuous sound of snoring always, keep the inflated condition 20 minutes of air bag B, then control circuit starts theOne air pump carries out exhaust to air bag B.
Now as shown in Figure 5, air is flowed out by air bag B gas circuit, by way of two-position three way magnetic valve, two-way electromagnetic valve, byTwo air pumps are discharged. Owing to two-position three way magnetic valve not being switched on, thus gas outlet 9 connections of air inlet and magnetic valve A,The gas outlet 10 of magnetic valve A is not connected with other two mouthfuls, in closed state. When exhaust pump work is after 10 minutes, control circuitStop exhaust pump work.
When air bag B is in inflating complete state, and control circuit collected sound of snoring audio frequency 5 times in 1 minute, and/or usedFamily occur oxygen fall event (blood oxygen saturation decline >=4% and maintain and exceed 10 seconds, be called as oxygen and fall event. This event can reflectGo out the low blood oxygen saturation situation of patient and apnea/low ventilation situation) time, air bag B does not maintain inflated condition, directly as above schemesShown in enter exhaust condition.
After air bag B exhaust, start to inflate to air bag A.
Now gas circuit is as shown below, and air is entered in gas circuit by the first air pump air inlet, by way of the first air pump gas outlet,Check valve A, two-position three way magnetic valve, finally enter in air bag A. Now two-position three way magnetic valve is switched on, therefore air inletBe communicated with gas outlet 10, gas outlet 9 is not connected with other two mouthfuls, in closed state. Now two-way electromagnetic valve is not in"on" position, gas cannot flow out from magnetic valve. When the first air pump work is after 10 minutes, control circuit stops the first air pump workDo, and continue to gather the sound of snoring.
Claims (10)
1. for improving snoring and the mattress of sleep apnea low symptom, it is characterized in that, comprise control circuit,Monitoring system, gas circuit and mattress, described mattress comprises two air bags, described gas circuit connects respectively two air bags, describedThereby control circuit is controlled the inflation/deflation of air bag by controlling gas circuit.
2. according to claim 1 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsComprise multiple air pumps, two-position three way magnetic valve, two-way electromagnetic valve, multiple check valve and for connecting gas circuit in, described gas circuitTracheae.
3. according to claim 2 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, described multiple air pumps comprise the first air pump and the second air pump, the first air pump connects the air inlet of two-way electromagnetic valve, secondAir pump connects the first check valve, and the gas outlet of two-way electromagnetic valve and the first check valve are connected to entering of two-position three way magnetic valve simultaneouslyOn gas port, two gas outlets of two-position three way magnetic valve connect respectively two air bags.
4. according to claim 3 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, on the tracheae being connected with air bag, be also provided with the second check valve and the 3rd check valve for preventing that gasbag pressure is too high.
5. according to claim 2 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, the first described air pump is for getting rid of the gas of air bag, and the second described air pump is for the inflation of air bag, two described energisingsMagnet valve is opened in air bags, in airbag aeration, closes.
6. according to claim 2 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsRealize the switching of two air bags in, described two-position three way magnetic valve by whether switching on, while energising and an air bag ventilation,When energising and another one air bag ventilation.
7. arbitrary described for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom according to claim 1 to 6, itsBe characterised in that, described monitoring system is oxygen saturation monitor instrument and microphone.
8. according to claim 7 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, described control circuit comprises monitor signal acquisition module, monitor signal processing module, the bluetooth for controlling monitoring systemModule, for controlling control module, memory module, supply module, the LED lamp module of gas circuit.
9. according to claim 8 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, monitor signal processing module judges whether snoring by processing the voice signal of monitoring modular collection.
10. according to claim 9 for improving the mattress of snoring and sleep apnea low symptom, its feature existsIn, described monitor signal processing module by analyzing the energy of every 1 frame of voice signal, compare first three frame mean value andContrast with the energy feature of the sound of snoring, thereby judge whether voice signal is the sound of snoring.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610106698.4A CN105581881A (en) | 2016-02-27 | 2016-02-27 | Inflatable mattress capable of relieving hypopnea symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610106698.4A CN105581881A (en) | 2016-02-27 | 2016-02-27 | Inflatable mattress capable of relieving hypopnea symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106821581A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-13 | 广州逸善舒晨生物科技有限公司 | Noninvasive sound of snoring treatment system |
| CN108618880A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-09 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of that there is smart machine that is only intoxicated and preventing apnea from function occurs |
| CN108697529A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-10-23 | 深圳和而泰智能控制股份有限公司 | A kind of snore relieving method and snore stopping pillow based on air bag |
| CN109793610A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-24 | 深圳和而泰数据资源与云技术有限公司 | Eyeshade |
| CN111110189A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-05-08 | 吉林大学 | Anti-snoring device and method based on DSP sound and image recognition technology |
| CN111989015A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-11-24 | 天满紫商贸有限公司 | External force detection system and driving method of external force detection system |
| CN112353549A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 深圳中科大唐科技有限公司 | Device and method for improving sleep breathing |
| CN113995594A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-01 | 上海理工大学 | Sleep apnea syndrome treatment bed |
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Application publication date: 20160518 |