CN105577053A

CN105577053A - Trigger and generator voltage regulator

Info

Publication number: CN105577053A
Application number: CN201610121417.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Xi'an Silk Road Zhixing Technology Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-01
Filing date: 2016-03-03
Publication date: 2016-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2036-03-03
Also published as: CN105703724B; CN105790659B; CN105790659A; CN105703724A; CN105577053B

Abstract

The invention provides a trigger and a generator voltage regulator. The trigger comprises a comparison unit, which is connected with a power supply end, ground and a switch unit and is used for outputting a first voltage to the switch unit when the voltage at an in-phase input end is larger than that of an inverse-phase input end, and outputting a second voltage to the switch unit when the voltage at the in-phase input end is smaller than that of the inverse-phase input end; the switch unit, which is connected with the ground or the positive pole of a power supply and a trigger control end, and is used for enabling the control end to be conducted with the ground under the control of the comparison unit, or enabling the control end to the conducted with the positive pole of the power supply; and a feedback unit, which is connected with the control end and the inverse-phase input end of the comparison unit, and is used for positively feeding back the signal of the control end to the inverse-phase input end of the comparison unit. When the trigger is applied to the voltage regulator, integration of multiple functions of excitation fixed-frequency triggering, immediate overvoltage cutting off and over-current protection is realized; and a sampling circuit does not need a capacitor, and synchronous detection and overvoltage excitation cut off are realized, and overtime overvoltage excitation does not occur, so that the effects of stable voltage, accurate adjustment and being safe and reliable are achieved, and the service life of the regulator and the service life of a generator are prolonged.

Description

Trigger and generator voltage controller

Technical field

The present invention relates to control technology field, particularly a kind of trigger and generator voltage controller.

Background technology

The power supply of automobile is generally made up of generator and storage battery two parts.Automobile current generator is driven by automobile engine and sends direct current or alternating current in car running process, provides the electric energy needed for automobile.General many employing excitation-type alternating current generators, this generator controls energy output by magnet exciting coil, be provided with voltage regulator accordingly, at generator output voltage (voltage of also i.e. positive source output) higher than the exciting current cut off during the threshold voltage set on coil.

But there are following three problems in existing car generator voltage controller (hereinafter referred to as voltage regulator), is described as follows:

(1) voltage regulator adopts several resistance of connecting as sample resistance usually, then controls power tube cut-out exciting current by late-class circuit.In order to adjust excitation frequency and the excitation current waveform improving power tube, sample resistance needs be connected to filter capacitor.Filter capacitor and sample resistance form RC resistance-capacitance network, the signal voltage change sampled on node is caused to lag behind generator real-time working condition, between generator voltage exceedes time point that the time point of threshold voltage and exciting current cut off, there is a time delay, be also namely operated in excited state at the internal adjuster of this time delay, magnet exciting coil and generator always.Although delay time is shorter, but its time of delay corresponding larger electrical degree, make generator operation in the overvoltage excited state that should not occur, especially will cause a larger electric current when high speed and even cause larger Unloading Voltage, thus adjuster and other electric equipments are constituted a threat to, accumulate over a long period and will cause the premature breakdown of automobile current generator particularly voltage regulator, reduce useful life; And existing voltage regulator mostly is non-fixed triggering mode frequently, can bring the instability of output voltage and high ripple coefficient like this; In addition, the edge of the excitation waveform that existing voltage regulator exports is not precipitous, clutter is many, causes the large temperature rise of device loss, fragile, reduces useful life;

(2) trigger in existing voltage regulator particularly fixed field circuit complex structure frequently, be difficult to realize, cost is high, the large heating of volume is many, affects the performance of whole generator;

(3) due under automobile current generator operates at the adverse circumstances of high temperature, the electric leakage that its rotor and carbon brush cause and short trouble rate higher, cause the power tube in adjuster to be easier to occur the situation of overcurrent damage, need to arrange current foldback circuit to protect.But existing overcurrent protection protective circuit overcurrent time to peak is long, protection act is delayed not in time, circuit is comparatively complicated, heating is many, protect and start to control time instability, inaccurate; even if cause being provided with current foldback circuit; still easily there is situation about damaging because of overcurrent in power tube, reduces the useful life of adjuster.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of trigger, at least one technical problem in solving the problem when enabling it be applied to voltage regulator.

For realizing above-mentioned goal of the invention, the invention provides a kind of trigger and generator voltage controller.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of trigger, comprise comparing unit, switch element and feedback unit;

Described comparing unit connecting valve unit, exports the first voltage to switch element during for being greater than anti-phase input terminal voltage at in-phase input end; The second voltage be exported to switch element when in-phase input end is less than anti-phase input terminal voltage;

Described switch element connects ground or positive source, also connects the control end of described trigger, under the control of comparing unit by described control end and ground or positive source conducting;

Described feedback unit connects described control end and comparing unit inverting input, for by the signal feedback of described control end to comparing unit inverting input;

Wherein, described feedback unit is positive feedback unit, and it comprises current foldback circuit, for carrying out overcurrent protection by described comparing unit to described switch element.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, provide the second trigger, comprise switch control unit, switch element and feedback unit;

Described switch control unit connecting valve unit, for exporting tertiary voltage to switch element when conducting, exports the 4th voltage when ending to switch element;

Described switch element connects ground or positive source, also connects the control end of described trigger, under the control of described switch control unit by described control end and ground or positive source conducting;

Described feedback unit connects the input of described control end and switch control unit, for by the signal feedback of described control end to the input of switch control unit;

Wherein, described feedback unit is positive feedback unit, and it comprises current foldback circuit, for carrying out overcurrent protection by described switch control unit to described switch element.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, provide the third trigger, comprise comparing unit, switch element and feedback unit;

Described feedback unit connect described control end, and comparing unit in-phase input end, for by the signal feedback of described control end to comparing unit in-phase input end;

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of voltage regulator of generator, comprise the first trigger.

Preferably, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, application condition amplifying unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;

Wherein, described afterflow unit connects positive source and switch element, for forming loop with the load be connected between control end and positive source of described trigger, and the induced electromotive force that absorbing load produces; Described voltage regulation unit connect positive source, baseline threshold setting unit with, comparing unit and oscillating unit, for for described baseline threshold setting unit, comparing unit and provide stable voltage; Described sampling unit connect positive source, and the in-phase input end of application condition amplifying unit, for providing sampling voltage for the in-phase input end of application condition amplifying unit; Described baseline threshold setting unit connect described application condition amplifying unit inverting input, and the in-phase input end of comparing unit, for providing first threshold voltage for application condition amplifying unit inverting input, for comparing unit in-phase input end provides Second Threshold voltage; Described application condition amplifying unit output connects comparing unit, for when the in-phase input end voltage of described application condition amplifying unit is greater than inverting input for the inverting input of comparing unit provides the first voltage, wherein the first voltage is greater than Second Threshold voltage, make described trigger be reset to switch element cut-off state and self-locking under described first voltage triggered, cut off exciter current of generator; Described oscillating unit connects ground and shaping unit, described shaping unit connects the in-phase input end of comparing unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to the in-phase input end of comparing unit under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of voltage regulator of generator, comprise the second trigger.

Preferably, described afterflow unit is connected to and connects positive source and switch element; Described first voltage regulation unit connect positive source, switch control unit, oscillating unit, for providing stable voltage for described switch control unit, oscillating unit; Described sampling unit connect described positive source, and the second voltage regulation unit, the input of described second voltage regulation unit connecting valve control unit, sampling unit under the pressure stabilization function of the second voltage regulation unit for the input of switch control unit provides overvoltage signal, make described trigger be reset to switch element cut-off state and self-locking under described overvoltage signal triggers, cut off exciter current of generator; Described oscillating unit connects ground and shaping unit, the input of described shaping unit connecting valve control unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to switch control unit under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

Preferably, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, the 3rd voltage regulation unit, the 4th voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit and shaping unit;

Wherein, described afterflow unit is connected to power cathode and switch element; Described 3rd voltage regulation unit connect positive source, the output of oscillating unit and switch control unit, for providing stable voltage for described oscillating unit and switch control unit; Described sampling unit connect positive source, and the 4th voltage regulation unit, overvoltage signal is provided for the input for switch control unit under the pressure stabilization function of the 4th voltage regulation unit, described trigger is resetted and self-locking under described overvoltage signal triggers, cuts off exciter current of generator; Described oscillating unit connects ground and shaping unit, the input of described shaping unit connecting valve control unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to switch control unit under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of voltage regulator of generator, comprise the third trigger.

Preferably, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, the 5th voltage regulation unit, the 6th voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;

Wherein, described afterflow unit connects ground and switch element; Described 5th voltage regulation unit connects positive source, described, oscillating unit, baseline threshold setting unit and comparing unit, for providing stable voltage for described oscillating unit, baseline threshold setting unit and comparing unit; Described sampling unit connect positive source, and the 6th voltage regulation unit, overvoltage signal is provided for the in-phase input end for comparing unit under the effect of the 6th voltage regulation unit, described trigger is resetted and self-locking under described overvoltage signal triggers, cuts off exciter current of generator; Described baseline threshold setting unit connects the inverting input of positive source and comparing unit, for providing Second Threshold voltage for comparing unit in-phase input end; Described oscillating unit connects positive source and shaping unit, described shaping unit connects the inverting input of comparing unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to the inverting input of comparing unit under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

Preferably, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;

Wherein, described afterflow unit connects positive source and switch element; Described voltage regulation unit connect positive source, baseline threshold setting unit, oscillating unit and comparing unit, for providing stable voltage for described baseline threshold setting unit, oscillating unit and comparing unit; Described baseline threshold setting unit connects the in-phase input end of ground and comparing unit, for providing first threshold voltage for comparing unit in-phase input end; Described sampling unit connect described positive source, and the inverting input of comparing unit, make described trigger be reset to switch element cut-off state and self-locking when described sampling voltage is greater than described first threshold voltage, cut off exciter current of generator; Described oscillating unit connects ground and shaping unit, the input of described shaping unit connecting valve unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to switch element under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator; Wherein, between described comparing unit and switch element, be also in series with current-limiting resistance, for limiting the electric current of comparing unit output.

Trigger provided by the invention and the voltage regulator for automobile applying this trigger have following beneficial effect:

(1) trigger provided by the invention comprises comparing unit (or switch control unit), switch element with feedback unit.When this trigger is applied to voltage regulator, without the need to arranging filtering capacitor in sample circuit, so that after detecting that magnet exciting coil voltage exceedes threshold voltage, namely trigger overturns and cuts off exciting current and self-locking, excitation is cut off without temporal delay, make automobile current generator particularly voltage regulator not easily premature breakdown, extend the life-span of generator.Simultaneously because sample circuit divider node is without electric capacity, the voltage transient amplitude on node is not also reduced by compression, and degree of regulation is improved, and the security reliability of automobile current generator also obtains effective guarantee.

Meanwhile, trigger provided by the invention is applied in car generator voltage controller, when normal regulating with fixing frequency adjustment excitation, makes voltage fluctuation reduction, output voltage more stable.Fixed excitation frequently can also make that generator electromagnetic resistance is even, the fluctuation of speed is little, belt life-saving balanced with train shaft strength, engine idle speed stability improve, improve and burn, save fuel oil, emissions reduction.The ripple coefficient of generator output voltage can also be reduced, the power supply environment of the particularly Controlled by micro computer circuit of electric equipment on car is all made moderate progress, also can reduce the electromagnetic interference of generator charging circuit scattering simultaneously.

In addition, the excitation waveform of trigger provided by the invention can not be subject to the noise jamming on sampled signal, and power tube upset rapidly, can not be detained in amplification region.And temperature rise is low, fail safe is high, and the life-span is long.

(2) trigger area occupied provided by the invention is little, and cost is low, such as, can adopt pair transistor or transistor array, improves pipe consistency further, reduces volume.And temperature tolerance is good; when being formed with discrete device or special integrated chip; the outstanding working temperature indicators of heatproof 150 DEG C or more can be reached; the operating ambient temperature requirement of generator to adjuster harshness can be met, thus realize with the discrete device that heatproof is higher the voltage regulator cutting off undelayed fixed excitation function frequently with the excitation of protective circuit.In addition, trigger stability provided by the invention is strong, adopt the trigger structure with the integration of comprehensive function that circuit integrity functional stabilization is improved, adopt hardware circuit, there is the advantages such as resistance to surge impact is strong, strong interference immunity, stability are strong, high reliability.

(3) trigger provided by the invention is by carrying overcurrent protection function; when there is power tube overcurrent as load short circuits; by the positive feedback effect that trigger internal feedback unit is strong, trigger is overturn immediately, and power tube ends immediately and is self-locking in cut-off state.Because short circuit fatal voltage spike of healing is more precipitous; the overcurrent time is shorter; and trigger provided by the invention is under the effect of current foldback circuit; flow to power tube and reliably end from being short-circuited or crossing the flip-flop transition that the required time is only trigger; be generally a few nanosecond to few tens of nano-seconds; avoiding the capacitor of locking circuit to drag down originally precipitous overvoltage spike causes power tube overheated; during overcurrent, power tube ON time is extremely short; also can not there is power tube superheating phenomenon in long-time continuous short circuit, reliably safer for power tube protection.

In addition, trigger provided by the invention can also be applied in the control circuits such as other such as solenoid load, resistive load, motor loads, has sensitive reliable power tube overcurrent protection function simultaneously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

By reading hereafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantage and benefit will become cheer and bright for those of ordinary skill in the art.Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of preferred implementation, and does not think limitation of the present invention.And in whole accompanying drawing, represent identical parts by identical reference symbol.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the first trigger structure schematic diagram that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 2 is the second trigger structure schematic diagram that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 3 is the third trigger structure schematic diagram that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation comprising the voltage regulator of the first trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation comprising the voltage regulator of the second trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 6 is the another structural representation comprising the voltage regulator of the second trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation comprising the voltage regulator of the third trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 8 is the another structural representation comprising the voltage regulator of the third trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.

Embodiments provide a kind of trigger and generator voltage controller, first trigger provided by the invention is described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

First aspect, as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 shows the first trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides, and comprises comparing unit 1, switch element 2 and feedback unit 3.

Wherein, comparing unit 1 connecting valve unit 2, exports the first voltage to switch element 2 during for being greater than anti-phase input terminal voltage at in-phase input end; The second voltage be exported to switch element 2 when in-phase input end is less than anti-phase input terminal voltage; Switch element 2 connects ground, also connects the control end (being also F end in Fig. 1) of trigger, for being held and ground conducting by F under the control of comparing unit 1; Feedback unit 3 connects F end and comparing unit 1 inverting input, for the signal feedback of being held by F to comparing unit 1 inverting input; Wherein, feedback unit 3 forms the positive feedback unit of comparing unit 1 and switch element 2, enables trigger have two stable states, i.e. the SM set mode of switch element 2 conducting and the cut-off state of switch element 2.In addition, in feedback unit 3, also current foldback circuit is comprised, for carrying out overcurrent protection to the power tube in switch element 2.

Second aspect, as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 shows the second trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides, and comprises switch control unit 4, switch element 2 and feedback unit 3.

Wherein, switch control unit 4 connecting valve unit 2, for exporting tertiary voltage to switch element 2 when conducting, exports the 4th voltage when ending to switch element 2; Switch element 2 connects the control end (being also F end in Fig. 2) that ground also connects trigger, for being held and ground conducting by F under the control of switch control unit 4; Feedback unit 3 connects F end and the input of switch control unit 4, for the signal feedback of being held by F to the input of switch control unit 4; Wherein, feedback unit 3 forms switch control unit 4 and the positive feedback unit of switch element 2, enables trigger have two stable states, i.e. the reset mode that the SM set mode of switch element 2 conducting and switch element 2 end.In addition, in feedback unit 3, also current foldback circuit is comprised, for carrying out overcurrent protection to the power tube in switch element 2.

The third aspect, as shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 shows the third trigger that embodiment of the present invention provides, and comprises comparing unit 1, switch element 2 and feedback unit 3;

Wherein, comparing unit 1 connecting valve unit 2, exports the first voltage to switch element 2 during for being greater than anti-phase input terminal voltage at in-phase input end; The second voltage be exported to switch element 2 when in-phase input end is less than anti-phase input terminal voltage; Switch element 2 connects ground, also connects the control end (being also F end in Fig. 3) of trigger, for being held and ground conducting by F under the control of comparing unit 1; Feedback unit 3 connect F end, and comparing unit 1 in-phase input end, for signal feedback that F is held to comparing unit 1 in-phase input end; Wherein, feedback unit 3 forms comparing unit 1 and the positive feedback unit of switch element 2, enables trigger have two stable states, i.e. the reset mode that the SM set mode of switch element 2 conducting and switch element 2 end.

It should be noted that, the switch element in above-mentioned three kinds of triggers can also connect the control end of positive source and trigger, for being held and positive source conducting by F under the control of comparing unit (or switch control unit of the second trigger).Other connected modes and effect all constant.

In the specific implementation, each unit in three kinds of above-mentioned triggers all can have multiple implementation.Be illustrated below.

Such as, the first trigger can be structure as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, comparing unit 1 can be comparator, its output connecting valve unit 2; Switch element 2 can be power tube, its source ground, and drain electrode connects F end.During this power tube conducting, F terminal voltage is dragged down, during cut-off, by external load, F terminal voltage is drawn high.Feedback unit 3 is positive feedback unit, for F end signal to be fed back to the inverting input of comparing unit 1 with the signal polarity of positive feedback.

Such as, the second trigger can be structure as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, switch control unit 4 can comprise resistance and the switching tube of series connection; Switch element 2 can be power tube, its source ground, and drain electrode connects F end, F terminal voltage is dragged down, during cut-off, F terminal voltage drawn high by external load during this power tube conducting.In addition, feedback unit 3 can comprise resistance and the anti-paralleled diode (not shown in Fig. 2) of series connection, feeds back to the input of switch control unit 4 for the signal held by F with the signal polarity of positive feedback.

Such as, the third trigger can be structure as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, comparing unit 1 can be comparator, its output connecting valve unit 2; Switch element 2 can be power tube, its source ground, and drain electrode connects F end.During this power tube conducting, F terminal voltage is dragged down, during cut-off, F terminal voltage is drawn high.Feedback unit 3 can for positive feedback unit, for the signal positive feedback of being held by F to the in-phase input end of comparator.

Be understandable that, the concrete structure of above-mentioned three kinds of triggers is that the present invention is in order to carry out three examples enumerated better are described to trigger.In actual applications, the concrete structure of three kinds of triggers provided by the invention can carry out suitable amendment according to different situations, does not of the present inventionly do concrete restriction to this.As long as the trigger structure that can realize above-mentioned three kinds of trigger function all falls within protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment of the present invention provides above-mentioned three kinds of triggers, when above-mentioned three kinds of triggers are applied to voltage regulator, in adjuster sample circuit, corrects excitation frequency and excitation waveform without the need to capacitor.When detecting that generator output voltage is increased to threshold voltage, cut-out exciting current can be triggered immediately, not producing overvoltage excitation, make automobile current generator and voltage regulator not easily premature breakdown, extend the life-span of adjuster and generator.And trigger area occupied provided by the invention is little, stability is strong, temperature tolerance good, the operating ambient temperature requirement of generator to unit adapters harshness can be met.In addition; trigger provided by the invention is by carrying current foldback circuit simply and reliably; when there is power tube overcurrent as load short circuits; by the positive feedback effect that trigger internal feedback unit is strong; trigger is overturn immediately; power tube ends immediately and is self-locking in cut-off state, has effectively carried out overcurrent protection to power tube.

Expansion explanation is carried out with several voltage regulators of above-mentioned trigger below in conjunction with accompanying drawing correspondence.

Fourth aspect, embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of voltage regulator, as shown in Figure 4, this voltage regulator comprises the first trigger, also comprises: afterflow unit 41, voltage regulation unit 42, sampling unit 43, application condition amplifying unit 44, oscillating unit 45, shaping unit 46 and baseline threshold setting unit 47;

Wherein, afterflow unit 41 connects positive source (output of generator voltage also namely to be regulated) and trigger control end (in Fig. 4 F end), for holding the load be connected between positive source to form continuous current circuit with F, the induced electromotive force that absorbing load produces; Voltage regulation unit 42 connect positive source, baseline threshold setting unit 47, oscillating unit 45 and comparing unit 1, for providing stable voltage for baseline threshold setting unit 47 and comparing unit 1; Sampling unit 43 connect positive source, and the in-phase input end of application condition amplifying unit 44, provide sampling voltage for the in-phase input end for comparing amplifying unit; Baseline threshold setting unit 47 connect application condition amplifying unit 44 inverting input, and the in-phase input end of comparing unit 1, for providing first threshold voltage for application condition amplifying unit 44 inverting input, for comparing unit 1 in-phase input end provides Second Threshold voltage; Application condition amplifying unit 44 output connects comparing unit 1, and provide the first voltage for the inverting input when in-phase input end voltage is greater than anti-phase input terminal voltage for comparing unit 1, wherein the first voltage is greater than Second Threshold voltage; Oscillating unit 45 connects ground and shaping unit 46, shaping unit 46 connects the in-phase input end of comparing unit 1, oscillating unit 45 inputs burst pulse to the in-phase input end of comparing unit 1 under the effect of shaping unit 46, the crest voltage of burst pulse is greater than the limiting voltage value of limiter diode D5, make the trigger SM set mode that reliable upset is power tube conducting under burst pulse effect and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

In above-mentioned voltage regulator, each unit all can have multiple implementation, is illustrated below: as shown in Figure 4, applies the first trigger in this voltage regulator.In this trigger, comparing unit 1 is comparator A1; Switch element 2 is power tube Q2, and its drain electrode connects F end, source ground; Feedback unit 3 comprises resistance R22, R7 and limiter diode D5, the drain electrode of resistance R7 mono-termination power tube Q2, the negative pole of another termination limiter diode D5 and one end of resistance R22, the plus earth of limiter diode D5, the other end of resistance R22 connects the inverting input of comparator A1 through P3 node.

In the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides, the peripheral circuit of trigger is specific as follows: afterflow unit 41 is connected between positive source (voltage output end of testing generator, the D+/B+ end also namely shown in Fig. 4) and F end; Voltage regulation unit 42 comprises resistance R6 and voltage stabilizing didoe D3, and wherein resistance R6 is connected between D+/B+ end and VC node, and voltage stabilizing didoe D3 is connected between Vc node and ground; Sampling unit 43 comprises resistance R1 and the resistance R2 of serial connection; Baseline threshold setting unit 47 comprises resistance R8, R9 and R10, the voltage of the P4 node between R8 and R9 is used for providing first threshold voltage, export the inverting input of comparator A2 to, the voltage of the P1 node between R9 and R10 is Second Threshold voltage, exports the in-phase input end of comparator A1 to; Application condition amplifying unit 44 comprises comparator A2 and diode D6, and comparator A2 inverting input connects P1 node, and comparator A2 signal output part connects diode D6 positive pole, and the negative pole of diode D6 connects comparator A1 inverting input; In addition, oscillating unit 45 is connected by the in-phase input end of diode D4 and the A1 in shaping unit 46, and the power supply Vc after oscillating unit 45 also connects voltage stabilizing simultaneously holds and ground.

The course of work of this kind of voltage regulator is described as follows:

Baseline threshold setting unit 47 under the effect of Vc node for the reverse input end of comparator A2 provides invariable first threshold voltage.Wherein the size of first threshold voltage can be arranged by regulating the size of R8, R9 and R10 according to actual conditions.Sampling unit gathers the voltage (being also the voltage of D+/B+ end) of the positive source of generator to be regulated, after R1 and R2 dividing potential drop, the voltage of P6 node is inputed to the in-phase input end of comparator A2, thus compares with first threshold voltage.It is easily understood that, by the size of the size and first threshold voltage that reasonably arrange R1 and R2 in sampling unit, the magnitude relationship indirect reaction of P6 node voltage and first threshold voltage can be utilized to go out the voltage of positive source and the magnitude relationship of the generator threshold voltage preset.Through the comparison of comparator A2, following two kinds of results may be there are:

(1) when P6 node voltage is less than first threshold voltage, when also namely the voltage of positive source is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset:

Comparator A2 exports as electronegative potential, and diode D6 ends, and therefore the reverse input end of comparator A1 is only by the impact of P3 node voltage.The voltage of P3 node is by the control of the limiter diode D5 in the positive feedback signal of F end and feedback unit 3.Wherein, the limiting voltage value of limiter diode D5 is set as the crest voltage of the narrow pulse signal exported lower than shaping unit 46, but higher than the magnitude of voltage that saturation voltage drop during power tube Q2 normally and power tube drain.The in-phase input end that baseline threshold setting unit 47 is comparator A1 by P1 node under the effect of Vc node provides invariable Second Threshold voltage; require and power tube parameter according to generator power; can Second Threshold voltage be set by the size reasonably adjusting R8, R9 and R10; namely Second Threshold voltage swing should reserve certain margin range on the basis of power tube conducting saturation voltage drop; thus setting is started to control a little to power tube overcurrent protection, realizes high accuracy overcurrent protection.The in-phase input end of comparator A1 is also subject to the control of oscillating unit 45 and shaping unit 46 simultaneously.The narrow pulse signal that oscillating unit 45 exports, after the diode D4 of shaping unit 46, export fixed triggering burst pulse or edge pulse frequently, and this pulse signal is high-impedance state during non-burst pulse or during non-edge.This pulse signal inputs to the in-phase input end of comparator A1 through P1 node.

When pulse signal is positioned at high level, P1 node is subject to the crest voltage of impact to the in-phase input end input pulse signal of comparator A1 of pulse signal.Limiting voltage value due to diode D5 is set as the crest voltage of the narrow pulse signal exported lower than shaping unit 46, and the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 is higher than its anti-phase input terminal potential, and comparator A1 exports high level, makes power tube Q2 conducting.The voltage of F end is reduced to the saturation voltage drop of extremely low power tube Q2.Now, generator is connected on F end and positive source D+/B+ hold between magnet exciting coil on produce exciting current, generator is able to excitation.

After pulse signal is positioned at low level and narrow pulse peak, the diode D4 in shaping unit 46 ends, and now, P1 node is to the in-phase input end input Second Threshold voltage of comparator A1.F terminal voltage inputs to the inverting input of comparator A1 through p3 node through resistance R7 and R22 of feedback unit, the limiting voltage value due to diode D5 is set as higher than F terminal voltage during power tube Q2 normally, so time clamp diode D5 cut-off.Again because Second Threshold voltage is set to the voltage feeding back to A1 reverse input end higher than now F end, therefore comparator A1 exports high potential, still makes power tube Q2 conducting.As long as power tube Q2 saturation conduction, the anti-phase input terminal voltage that just can maintain comparator A1 exports high level lower than in-phase input end voltage, make power tube Q2 keep the SM set mode of conducting, make to be connected to F end and D+/B+ hold between generator keep the SM set mode of normal power generation excitation.

Therefore, when the voltage of positive source is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset, power tube all can keep conducting, thus makes generator be able to normal excitation.

(2) when P6 node voltage is more than or equal to first threshold voltage, when also namely the voltage of positive source is in overvoltage condition greater than or equal to the generator threshold voltage preset, when triggering burst pulse and not arriving:

Comparator A2 exports high potential, diode D6 conducting; Owing to triggering event D4 cut-off when burst pulse does not arrive.Now, the inverting input of A1 is mainly subject to the voltage control that diode D6 exports.By diode D6 output voltage, also namely the voltage of P2 node is higher than the second reference threshold voltage, and therefore comparator A1 exports electronegative potential 0, and power tube Q2 is ended, and trigger overturns immediately.The voltage of its drain electrode F end is drawn high to the size identical with almost D+/B+ by dynamo field coil, cuts off exciting current, makes generator stop generating.

Along with load is to the consumption gradually of power supply, when generator output voltage is reduced to the threshold voltage lower than presetting, P6 node voltage is less than first threshold voltage, comparator A2 exports electronegative potential, diode D6 ends, simultaneously, the resistance R7 of F terminal voltage through feedback unit 3 after drawing high is limited at limiter diode D5, now the inverting input of comparator A1 is the limiting voltage of diode D5, it is higher than the in-phase input end voltage of Second Threshold voltage and A1, therefore A1 keeps output low level, power tube Q2 remain off state locking, thus make exciting current keep dissengaged positions.

When trigger impulse arrives the next one frequently surely, trigger overturns, and power tube is conducting again, starts the excitation in a new cycle, and also namely generator starts to continue generating.

It should be noted that, during generator overvoltage condition, the in-phase input end of comparator A1 is also subject to the impact determining frequency start pulse signal of oscillating unit 45 output simultaneously, specifically has following two kinds of situations:

A, when oscillating unit 45 export the peak value determining frequency start pulse signal be designed to higher than application condition amplifying unit output P2 node voltage time, determine frequency trigger burst pulse or edge pulse arrive moment can in continuous overvoltage time make comparator A1 export the burst pulse of high level, thus make power tube produce of short duration conducting, energized circuit occurs that with the fixed frequently conducting burst pulse that triggering signal is synchronous be " aftercurrent ", is conducive to the frequency invariance on observing;

B, when the peak value of pulse that oscillating unit 45 exports is designed to lower than P2 node voltage, fixed frequently trigger burst pulse or edge pulse can not make comparator A1 export the burst pulse of high level when overvoltage, power tube ends always, and energized circuit occurs without aftercurrent.

Two effects are played in fact in the design of oscillating unit 45: the first, by fixed pulse-triggered frequently, make trigger set open excitation to determine frequency mode; The second, generate power tube overcurrent duration of peak value when overcurrent is guaranteed in narrow pulse enough of short duration, the narrow pulse of power tube is overcurrent protection reset pulse and load short circuits detecting pulse.Power tube overcurrent is there is when excitation, between its Drain-Source, pressure drop Uds raises, when exceeding set Second Threshold voltage, higher power tube drain potential is input to the inverting input of comparator A1 through the resistance R7 of feedback unit and resistance R22, when the fixed arrival of triggering signal frequently, the anti-phase input terminal potential of comparator A1 is higher than in-phase input end current potential, trigger overturns, power tube ends immediately and locking is protected, during the next fixed arrival of triggering signal frequently, power tube is conducting again; When the excitation winding sequential short circuit of generator; only have when have determine frequency triggering signal and burst pulse arrive time; power tube just can of short duration conducting between burst pulse high period; the ultra-narrow pulse of energized circuit emergent power pipe conducting; this pulse is short circuit monitoring pulse; after overcurrent and short trouble are removed; automatic recovery normally works; the frequency of determining requiring oscillating unit 45 to export in the embodiment of the present invention triggers the overcurrent protection requirement that burst pulse duty ratio should meet power tube Q2; such as burst pulse duty ratio can be less than 1%, and the present invention does not do concrete restriction to this.

When generator output voltage is lower than the generator voltage threshold value preset, the pulse that oscillating unit 45 exports is after shaping, input to the in-phase input end of comparator A1, by the positive feedback effect of feedback unit, make trigger be self-locking in the SM set mode of power tube conducting excitation; When generator output voltage is higher than the generator voltage threshold value preset; comparator A2 output high level overvoltage signal and reset signal are to the inverting input of comparator A1; by strong positive feedback effect; trigger overturns immediately and is self-locking in the reset mode of power tube cut-off; simultaneously feedback unit is also held concurrently the over-current detection circuit of power pipe; also make trigger reset when the power tube overcurrent that generation causes due to reasons such as load short circuits, thus power tube is protected in time.

In sum; the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides has and is not only applicable to surely frequently triggering excitation, but also being applicable to without postponing to cut off excitation and the feature self completing overcurrent protection function; be particularly suitable for the generator voltage controller of high reliability; simultaneously can according to the parameter apolegamy exciting power pipe of the parameter of generator as excitation winding; to reach the configuration that adjuster and generator are more optimized, make defencive function more accurate and perfect.Excitation frequency is determined by oscillating circuit, sample circuit divider node does not have filter capacitor, and sampled signal can not be delayed, thus cuts off excitation without delay, effectively prevent the overcurrent to rectifier bridge, power tube etc. postponing to cause from impacting, improve the security reliability of degree of regulation and adjuster.

5th aspect, embodiment of the present invention provides another kind of voltage regulator, as shown in Figure 5, this voltage regulator comprises above-mentioned the second trigger, also comprises: afterflow unit 51, first voltage regulation unit 52, second voltage regulation unit 53, sampling unit 54, oscillating unit 55 and shaping unit 56;

Wherein, afterflow unit 51 is connected to and connects the positive source (output of generator voltage also namely to be regulated, also the D+/B+ end namely shown in Fig. 5) and trigger control end (in Fig. 4 F end), continuous current circuit is formed, the induced electromotive force that absorbing load produces for the load of holding with F and be connected between positive source; First voltage regulation unit 52 connect positive source, switch control unit, oscillating unit 55, for providing stable voltage for switch control unit, oscillating unit 55; Sampling unit 54 connect positive source, and the second voltage regulation unit 53, the input of the second voltage regulation unit 53 connecting valve control unit, sampling unit 54 under the pressure stabilization function of the second voltage regulation unit 53 for the input of switch control unit provides overvoltage signal, make trigger be reset to switch element cut-off state and self-locking under overvoltage signal triggers, cut off exciter current of generator; Oscillating unit 55 connects ground and shaping unit 56, the input of shaping unit 56 connecting valve control unit, oscillating unit 55 inputs burst pulse to switch control unit under the effect of shaping unit 56, make trigger set under burst pulse triggers be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

In above-mentioned voltage regulator, each unit all can have multiple implementation, is illustrated below: as shown in Figure 5, applies above-mentioned the second trigger in this voltage regulator.In this trigger, switch control unit 4 is made up of triode Q4 and resistance R13, the emitting stage ground connection of triode Q4, collector electrode contact resistance R13.One end of the non-connecting triode Q4 of resistance R13 is connected with the Vc node in Fig. 5.Switch element 2 is power tube Q2, and its grid is connected with the node between resistance R13 and triode Q4, and it is also F end that drain electrode connects control end, source ground.Feedback unit 3 by antiparallel switching diode D7, D8 and resistance R11 in series.Wherein, one end that inverse parallel switching diode D7, D8 are not connected with resistance R11 is held with F and is connected, and one end that resistance R11 is not connected with D7, D8 is connected with the ground level of triode Q4.The emitter junction conduction threshold of triode Q4 also starts to control a little for comparing with the saturation voltage drop of power tube Q2 as power tube Q2 overcurrent protection, and the diode D8 increased in feedback unit 3 is in order to adjust starting to control a little of overcurrent protection.

In the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides, the peripheral circuit of trigger is specific as follows: afterflow unit 51 comprises the diode D2 of coil electrode and the power tube Q2 drain electrode being connected to generator to be regulated; First voltage regulation unit 52 comprises resistance R6 and voltage stabilizing didoe D3, and one end of resistance R6 connects D+/B+ end, and the other end connects the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe D3, the plus earth of voltage stabilizing didoe D3.Second voltage regulation unit 53 is connected between P4 node and P2 node, comprises diode D10 and the voltage stabilizing didoe D11 of two reversal connections.Sampling unit 54 connects between D+/B+ end and ground, comprises resistance R1 and the resistance R2 of serial connection.Oscillating unit 55 connects Vc node and shaping unit 56.Shaping unit 56 is made up of input capacitance C1, diode D9, resistance R12 and switching tube Q3.Wherein, a termination oscillating unit 55 of input capacitance C1, the other end is connected with the base stage of switching tube Q3; The collector electrode of switching tube Q3 is connected with P1 node, and emitter is connected to the ground; The plus earth of diode D9, negative pole connects P5 node; Resistance R12 is connected between P5 node and ground.

The course of work of this kind of voltage regulator is described as follows:

Sampling unit 54 gathers the voltage (being also the voltage of D+/B+ end) of the positive source of generator to be regulated, after R1 and R2 dividing potential drop, the voltage of p4 node inputted the second voltage regulation unit 53 thus compare with the voltage stabilizing value of diode D11, D10 in the second voltage regulation unit 53 and triode Q4 emitter junction conduction threshold sum.It is easily understood that, by reasonably arranging the size of R1 and R2 and D11, D10 voltage stabilizing value and Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold in sampling unit, the magnitude relationship indirect reaction of p4 node voltage and rear three's voltage sum can be utilized to go out the voltage of positive source and the magnitude relationship of the generator threshold voltage preset, the i.e. ratio of generator output voltage instantaneous value and sampling node p4 signal voltage value, with, the ratio of generator output voltage set point and described three's voltage sum is same numerical value.Following two kinds of results may be there are:

(1) if when p4 node voltage is less than D11, D10 voltage stabilizing value and triode Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold three's sum, when the voltage of also namely corresponding positive source is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then diode D10, D11 cut-off, the base voltage of triode Q4 is not subject to the impact of p2 node.Pulse front edge paraphase is amplified by the pulse signal that oscillating unit 55 exports after shaping unit 56, because the emitter equivalent inpnt resistance of electric capacity C1 and switching tube Q3 is connected into differentiation element form, and electric capacity C1 capacity is less, therefore switching tube Q3 is only in the rising edge time conducting that the pulse of electric capacity C1 transmission is precipitous.The collector electrode of switching tube Q3 produces extremely narrow low level burst pulse, and during non-burst pulse, in the time namely after burst pulse, switching tube Q3 collector electrode exports in open-circuit condition and high-impedance state.When the pulse steep rise arrival that electric capacity C1 transmits, rising edge is after capacitor C1 arrival switching tube Q3 is exaggerated, and switching tube Q3 collector electrode drags down the base voltage of triode Q4 through p1 node.Now, experienced by a strong positive feedback process, make triode Q4 be cut-off state in trigger, power tube Q2 is the state (here with power Q2 for nmos type field effect transistor is illustrated) of saturation conduction.Its feedback procedure is specially: triode Q4 base voltage dragged down → triode Q4 collector voltage rising → power tube Q2 grid potential rising → power tube Q2 drain potential reduction → triode Q4 base potential reduces → until power tube Q2 saturation conduction make drain electrode also namely the voltage of F end be reduced to its saturation voltage drop, after the pulse steep rise past that electric capacity C1 transmits, F held very low saturation voltage drop to be not enough to make triode Q4 conducting by diode D8, the voltage being also simultaneously Vc node from the power supply of powering after voltage stabilizing (adopts field effect transistor based in the present embodiment, stabilized voltage power supply voltage Vc numerical value should design in the safe range of scene effect tube grid permission, take into account completely reliable unlatching simultaneously, generally 8 ~ 12V can be set to, but be not limited thereto scope) make power tube Q2 saturation conduction through resistance R13, exciting current occurs, the saturation voltage drop of power tube Q2 is very low simultaneously, be not enough to make triode Q4 conducting, now because generator output voltage is lower than the magnitude of voltage preset, diode D10, D11 all ends, such triode Q4 reliably ends, trigger is locked at the SM set mode making power tube Q2 conducting excitation.

Owing to adopting trigger self-locking manner, now trigger is locked at triode Q4 locking cut-off state, the control pole of power tube Q2 also namely the voltage of grid by resistance R13 from the power supply after voltage stabilizing, be different from existing voltage regulator and the clutter composition in sampling unit divider node signal is introduced power tube control pole, power tube Q2 there will not be the noise jamming waveform on sampling node in conduction period, power tube can not be detained at amplifier, thus reduces temperature rise, minimizing failure rate; Also Nodes is therefore sampled without the need to arranging capacitor filtering.

(2) if when p4 node voltage is more than or equal to D11, D10 voltage stabilizing value and Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold three's sum, when also namely the voltage of positive source is greater than or equal to the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then at the overvoltage signal that p2 node produces.This overvoltage signal is with the output voltage real-time change of generator, belong to analog signal, that is diode D10 and voltage stabilizing didoe D11 is used for detecting this analog signal as reset signal, and the base stage of triode Q4 and the PN junction conduction threshold of emitter are starting to control a little of reset signal.When the overvoltage signal detected reaches the conduction threshold of PN junction, overvoltage signal will amplify through triode Q4 as reset signal again, and also namely this overvoltage signal makes triode Q4 saturation conduction as reset signal through p2.After triode Q4 saturation conduction, power tube Q2 grid potential dragged down, power tube Q2 ends, and exciting current is cut off.After exciting current is cut-off, raise under the effect that also namely F terminal voltage is held at D+/B+ of power tube Q2 drain potential, the magnitude of voltage of F end injects the base stage of triode Q4 through diode D8 and resistance R11, add the base current of triode Q4, form a strong positive feedback process, concrete: the base voltage of triode Q4 is driven high → the grid potential reduction → power tube Q2 cut-off of triode Q4 collector voltage reduction → power tube Q2 make drain voltage also namely the voltage of F terminal voltage risings → F end transfer to the base stage of triode Q4 via diode D8 and resistance R11, the base voltage of triode is raised, trigger is sharply overturn, power tube Q2 cut-off makes the exciting current on magnet exciting coil cut off.After trigger upset, the electric current flowing through resistance R11 is enough to make triode Q4 maintain saturation condition, even if sampling unit 54 is no longer for triode Q4 provides base current, as long as do not arrive in the frequency trigger impulse forward position of determining that oscillating unit 55 exports, switch control unit is just self-locking in the reset mode of state and the power tube Q2 cut-off cutting off excitation always, makes the exciting current on magnet exciting coil keep dissengaged positions.Owing to adopting trigger self-locking manner, now trigger is locked at triode Q4 conducting state and various interference noises in locking sampled signal, the control pole of power tube Q2 is by triode Q4 ground connection, be different from existing voltage regulator and the clutter composition in sampling unit divider node signal is introduced power tube control pole, power tube Q2 there will not be the noise jamming waveform on sampling node in conduction period, power tube can not be detained at amplifier, thus reduces temperature rise, minimizing failure rate; Also Nodes is therefore sampled without the need to arranging capacitor filtering;

Thus the time delay of sampled signal can not be caused because of RC resistance-capacitance circuit, therefore fundamentally stop to produce overvoltage excitation, avoid the delay occurring that excitation is cut off, improve the security reliability of adjuster, generator and related electric equipment; Also the amplitude of real time sample signal will be made to produce decay by the impact of capacitor because of capacitor simultaneously, improve sensitivity and the response of voltage-regulation, make regulation voltage more accurate.

Within the fixed triggering signal cycle frequently that oscillating unit 55 exports, time arrival in next triggering signal forward position, even if due to the consumption of load current, when generator output voltage is monitored to lower than the generator threshold voltage preset and set point, now diode D10, D11 cut-off, triode Q4 still saturation conduction, trigger keeps excitation cut-off state.At this moment sampled signal the lower triode Q4 that can not make end, the voltage fluctuation on sampled signal also can not be delivered to the grid of power tube Q2, and power tube Q2 can be stabilized in off-state.

Above-mentioned (1), (2) two kinds of situation appearance that move in circles along with generator output voltage change in a practical situation, namely belong to the operating mode of generator normal regulating.

In addition, under generator continues under-voltage and lasting under-voltage extreme operating condition, particularly: continue under-voltage if monitor generator output voltage, trigger will be in excited state always, excitation duty ratio 100%; Until when generator output voltage rise to be more than or equal to default generator threshold voltage time, triode Q4 conducting again, Q2 end, exciting current be cut off; If generator sustained overvoltage, then triode Q4 conducting, power tube Q2 ends, and exciting current is cut off; When there being trigger impulse forward position to arrive, switching tube Q3, within the burst pulse time of its conducting, makes triode Q4 end, thus power tube Q2 conducting, exciting current occurs, but due to sustained overvoltage, after determining frequency triggering burst pulse or forward position, switching tube Q3 ends, triode Q4 conducting, power tube Q2 ends, and exciting current is cut off again, as follows moves in circles.In energized circuit, there is the pulse current triggering burst pulse or its edge width, be referred to as " aftercurrent ".Under the electric parameter condition of automobile current generator, the duty ratio of this aftercurrent is generally allowed to be no more than 5% ~ 7% (only doing to illustrate, not as numerical definiteness).Consider excitation short-circuit protection factor, in order to the safety of power tube, the duty ratio of aftercurrent should suitably reduce.This edge width can be less than 1% in the present embodiment, such as, can be less than 0.3%, and the present invention does not do concrete restriction to this.The edge conducting excitation pulse occurred during this period is called the monitoring pulse of monitoring short circuit.

(such as occur between excitation winding short circuit, electric leakage, carbon brush short circuit, slip ring due to electric leakage etc. that powdered graphite etc. causes) when there is power tube overcurrent; pressure drop (Uds) in power tube Q2 conducting internal resistance raises; when Uds voltage is increased to the emitter junction conduction threshold sum being more than or equal to diode D8 and triode Q4; too high Uds voltage injects the base stage of triode Q4 through D8, R11; make triode Q4 conducting; through strong positive feedback process; trigger sharply overturns, and power tube Q2 cut-off is protected.The electric current flowing through resistance R11 is enough to power tube Q2 to maintain saturation condition; even if sample circuit is no longer for triode Q4 provides base current or short trouble to remove; as long as also do not arrive in the frequency trigger impulse forward position of determining that oscillating unit exports; circuit just maintains the state cutting off excitation always, and the result of this overcurrent or short-circuit protection state makes power tube Q3 be locked at cut-off state.After overcurrent or short circuit are removed, when generator is in under-voltage condition, under the triggering of next trigger impulse, trigger upset is excitation state, also i.e. power tube Q2 conducting, and voltage regulator device recovers normal excitation automatically.

It should be noted that, in the voltage regulator that present embodiment provides, diode D8 may be used for adjust overcurrent protection start to control a little, conducting internal resistance increase, saturation voltage drop also for preventing switching tube Q3 temperature drift from causing raise the protective circuit false triggering caused, and can save D8 and D7 when temperature rise environment allows; D10, for adjusting the temperature characterisitic of regulation voltage, in certain circumstances, can save D10.

Embodiment of the present invention provides above-mentioned voltage regulator, default generator voltage threshold value is more than or equal at the output voltage of generator, or power tube generation overcurrent, as excitation winding be short-circuited time, power tube Q2 ends the also self-locking that namely resets, cut off exciting current, power tube Q2 is protected; When the output voltage of generator is less than default voltage threshold, if now power tube Q2 is in cut-off self-locking state, power tube Q2 conducting and set can be made and self-locking by the frequency start pulse signal of determining inputing to switch control unit 4, thus recover excitation.In this course simultaneously; feedback unit 3 is held concurrently the over-current detection circuit of power pipe Q2; the conducting internal resistance of power tube Q2 is double does overcurrent sample resistance; the double executive circuit doing overcurrent protection of switch element 4; make flip-flop circuit and current foldback circuit become to have the multi-functional compound circuit of same structure like this, thus namely achieve the several functions of trigger with extremely simple circuit structure.What be particularly useful for high reliability determines frequency excitation car generator voltage controller.

In addition; voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides adopts the circuit structure of discrete device, and utilize the working temperature advantage of discrete component to make circuit is simple in structure, cost is low situation is issued to and meets fixed excitation frequently, cutting off excitation, overcurrent protection and higher operating temperature requirements without postponing.Simultaneously; taken up space to reduce circuit further; the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides can adopt pair transistor or transistor array or integration packaging to be the structure of chip circuit; so both can ensure the temperature-resistance characteristic of regulator product; more function can be set up again on limited circuit area; as shut down the function such as pre-exciting curent control, indicator light control, remote sampling, point of adjustment external control, soft loading, Data Control of duty ratio; add the practicality of voltage regulator, extend the range of application of trigger.

6th aspect, embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of voltage regulator, as shown in Figure 6, this voltage regulator similarly comprises above-mentioned the second trigger, comprises in addition: afterflow unit 61, the 3rd voltage regulation unit 62, the 4th voltage regulation unit 63, sampling unit 64, oscillating unit 65 and shaping unit 66.

Wherein, afterflow unit 61 is connected to power cathode and trigger control end (F end) i.e. excitation con-trol end, for holding the load be connected between power cathode to form continuous current circuit with F, and the induced electromotive force that absorbing load produces; 3rd voltage regulation unit 62 connect positive source, the pumping source input of oscillating unit 65 and switch control unit 4, for providing different burning voltages for oscillating unit 65 and switch control unit 4; Sampling unit 64 connect positive source, and the 4th voltage regulation unit 63, overvoltage signal is provided for the input for switch control unit 4 under the pressure stabilization function of the 4th voltage regulation unit 63, trigger is resetted and self-locking, for cutting off exciter current of generator under overvoltage signal triggers; Oscillating unit 65 connects ground and shaping unit 66, the input of shaping unit 66 connecting valve control unit 4, oscillating unit 65 inputs burst pulse to switch control unit 4 under the effect of shaping unit 66, trigger set under burst pulse triggers is made to be switch element 2 conducting state and self-locking, for connecting exciter current of generator.

In above-mentioned voltage regulator, each unit all can have multiple implementation, is illustrated below: as shown in Figure 6, applies above-mentioned the second trigger in this voltage regulator.In this trigger, switch control unit 4 comprises triode Q4 and resistance R13, and the emitting stage ground connection of triode Q4 is also E end, collector electrode contact resistance R13.One end of the non-connecting triode Q4 of resistance R13 is connected with the pumping source Vp node in Fig. 5, between the base stage and ground of triode Q4, be also connected to resistance R16.Switch element is power tube Q2, and its grid and triode Q4 collector electrode are also that p4 node is connected, and it is also that B+ holds that drain electrode connects power supply side, and source electrode connects F and holds, and wherein F end is the control end of excitation winding (being also magnet exciting coil).In addition, protection diode D15 is also connected between its grid and source electrode.Feedback unit comprises resistance R14, diode D12, diode D13, triode Q5 and resistance R15.Wherein, resistance R14 one end is connected with the source electrode of power tube Q2, and its other end is connected to the base stage of triode Q5 by antiparallel diode D12, D13, and the emitter of triode Q5 connects B+ end, the other end of collector electrode contact resistance R15, resistance R15 is connected with the base stage of triode Q4.The base stage of triode Q5 and the PN junction conduction threshold of emitter are also for comparing starting to control a little as power tube overcurrent protection with the saturation voltage drop of power tube Q2.In addition, diode D13 the starting to control a little in order to the overcurrent protection of Modulating Power pipe increased in feedback unit.The peripheral circuit of trigger is specific as follows: afterflow unit is diode D2.3rd voltage regulation unit also comprises the pumping source circuit producing pumping source voltage, the output voltage of the output Vp of pumping source circuit is at least be adapted to higher than voltage regulator power supply side B+ voltage one the grid-source voltage value that field effect transistor reliably opens conducting, such as, for the circuit of 14V system, the output voltage of pumping source can be set to 18 ~ 22V.Shaping unit comprises electric capacity C1, resistance R12 and switching tube Q3.The one termination oscillating unit output of electric capacity C1, the other end is connected with switching tube Q3 base stage.The current collection of switching tube Q3 very shaping unit output and be connected with the ground level of triode Q4.Between the base stage that resistance R12 is connected in parallel on switching tube Q3 and emitter, the equal ground connection of emitter of triode Q3, Q4, also namely E holds.

The workflow of this kind of voltage regulator is described as follows:

Sampling unit gathers the supply voltage (being also the voltage of B+ end) of generator to be regulated, after R1 and R2 dividing potential drop, the voltage of p5 node input the 4th voltage regulation unit is compared with the voltage stabilizing value of diode D14 in the 4th voltage regulation unit and triode Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold sum.It is easily understood that, by the size of the voltage stabilizing value and Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold that reasonably arrange R1 and R2 and D14 in sampling unit, the magnitude relationship indirect reaction of p5 node voltage and both voltage sums rear can be utilized to go out the voltage of power cathode and the magnitude relationship of the generator threshold voltage preset.Following two kinds of results may be there are:

(1) if when p5 node voltage is less than D14 voltage stabilizing value and Q4 emitting stage conduction threshold sum, when also namely supply voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then voltage stabilizing didoe D14 ends, and the frequency triggering signal of determining that oscillating unit exports is becoming narrow pulse signal or edge pulse signal after shaping unit process, and during non-burst pulse or non-edge impulse duration signal exports as high-impedance state.

The negative sense narrow pulse signal that switching tube Q3 collector electrode exports or the ground level that edge pulse signal inputs to triode Q4 through p1 node make triode Q4 end.The voltage that pumping source unit in 3rd voltage regulation unit exports inputs to the grid of power tube Q2 through resistance R13 and p4 node thus makes power tube Q2 conducting.Because the saturation conduction internal resistance Rds of power tube Q2 is minimum, the voltage that the voltage that the F that power tube Q2 source electrode connects holds is held close to B+, and F terminal voltage is not enough to the emitter junction of the triode Q5 made in feedback unit by D13 and R14 conducting, triode Q5 is made to be in cut-off state, even if now triode Q3 collector output negative sense burst pulse has pass by be that triode Q3 ends, so far the triode Q4 base stage no current in switch control unit flows through, triode Q4 remain off, power tube Q2 keeps conducting state, its source electrode is also that F end exports high potential, realize state self-locking, namely by switch control unit, the trigger that switch element and feedback unit are formed is self-locking in the SM set mode of power tube conducting excitation.

(2) if when p5 node voltage is more than or equal to D14 voltage stabilizing value and Q4 emitter junction conduction threshold sum, when also namely supply voltage is greater than or equal to the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then sampling unit output voltage is higher than the voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe D14 and triode Q4 emitter junction conduction threshold sum, will produce overvoltage signal at diode D14 positive pole.This overvoltage signal, with generator output voltage real-time change, belongs to analog signal, and also namely voltage stabilizing didoe D14 is used for detecting this analog signal as reset signal, triode Q4 emitter junction conduction threshold starting to control a little as reset signal.When the overvoltage signal detected reaches the conduction threshold of triode Q4 emitter junction, overvoltage signal will make triode Q4 saturation conduction as reset signal via p2 node, cause strong positive feedback process thus, particularly: triode Q4 base potential is driven high → grid potential of the collector potential reduction → power tube Q2 of triode Q4 dragged down → power tube Q2 source potential also namely F terminal potential reduce → under the effect of resistance R14 and diode D13 its collector potential of base potential reductions → triode Q5 conducting of triode Q5 rising → under the effect of resistance R15, the base potential of triode Q4 raises, thus trigger is overturn immediately, power tube Q2 ends, the voltage drop of F end is low to moderate almost holds identical voltage with E, thus cut off F end and E hold between exciting current.Even if now generator output voltage reverts to generator threshold voltage lower than presetting again along with the consumption of load, the base current of triode Q4 is no longer subject to the impact of sampled signal, this is the self-locking due to trigger, particularly: because of triode Q5 conducting, its collector current is that triode Q4 has continued base current through p3 node through resistance R15 again, triode Q4 saturation conduction, power tube Q2 remain off, cuts off excitation; The electronegative potential of F end makes triode Q5 continue conducting by resistance R14 and diode D13, as long as the frequency pulse signal of determining that oscillating unit exports does not arrive, trigger is just self-locking in the reset mode that power tube Q2 ends always.When only having the fixed arrival of trigger impulse frequently next time, the new excitation cycle could be started.

In the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides; when the power tube overcurrent that generation causes due to excitation short circuit; excessive electric current produces a larger pressure drop Uds between the drain electrode and source electrode of power tube Q2; this pressure drop Uds adds on R14, D13 and Q5 emitter junction in a feedback circuit; when Uds is more than or equal to triode Q5 emitter junction and diode D13 conduction threshold sum, triode Q5 conducting, makes trigger overturn immediately; turn off exciting current, thus protection power tube Q2.When there is sequential short circuit, occur in energized circuit monitoring pulse with the fixed short circuit frequently triggering burst pulse or edge impulsive synchronization, after overcurrent or short circuit are removed, when under-voltage, under the triggering of next trigger impulse, circuit is reversed as excited state.

It should be noted that; in the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides; the diode D13 of trigger feedback unit starts to control a little for what adjust overcurrent protection; also for preventing power tube Q2 from causing saturation voltage drop to raise the protection act false triggering caused due to temperature drift, ensure the validity of trigger.Should be understandable that, when temperature rise environment allows, diode D13 can save.

The voltage regulator that this aspect provides, default generator voltage threshold value is more than or equal at the output voltage of generator, or power tube generation overcurrent, as excitation winding be short-circuited time, power tube Q2 ends the also self-locking that namely resets, cut off exciting current, power tube Q2 and excitation winding are protected; When the output voltage of generator is less than default voltage threshold, if now power tube Q2 is in cut-off self-locking state, power tube Q2 conducting can be made to realize set and self-locking by the frequency start pulse signal of determining inputing to switch control unit, thus recover excitation.In this course simultaneously; feedback unit 3 is held concurrently the over-current detection circuit of power pipe Q2; the conducting internal resistance of power tube Q2 is double does overcurrent sample resistance; the double executive circuit doing overcurrent protection of switch element 4; make flip-flop circuit and current foldback circuit become to have the multi-functional compound circuit of same structure like this, thus namely achieve the multi-functional of trigger with extremely simple circuit structure.What be particularly useful for high reliability determines frequency excitation car generator voltage controller.

7th aspect, the invention provides and additionally provide a kind of voltage regulator, as shown in Figure 7, this voltage regulator similarly comprises the third trigger above-mentioned, also comprises afterflow unit 71, the 5th voltage regulation unit 72, the 6th voltage regulation unit 73, sampling unit 74, oscillating unit 75, shaping unit 76 and baseline threshold setting unit 77.

Wherein, afterflow unit 71 connects the control end of ground and trigger, for forming continuous current circuit, the induced electromotive force that absorbing load produces with the load be connected between control end (being also that in Fig. 7, F holds) and ground (being also that in Fig. 7, E holds) of trigger; 5th voltage regulation unit 72 connect positive source, oscillating unit 75, baseline threshold setting unit 77 and comparing unit 1, for providing stable voltage for oscillating unit 75, baseline threshold setting unit 77 and comparing unit 1; Sampling unit 74 connect positive source, and the 6th voltage regulation unit 73, overvoltage signal is provided for the in-phase input end for comparing unit 1 under the effect of the 6th voltage regulation unit 73, trigger is resetted and self-locking, for cutting off exciter current of generator under overvoltage signal triggers; Baseline threshold setting unit 77 connects the inverting input of positive source and comparing unit 1, for providing Second Threshold voltage for comparing unit 1 inverting input; Oscillating unit 75 connects positive source and shaping unit 76, shaping unit 76 connects the inverting input of comparing unit 1, oscillating unit 75 inputs burst pulse to the inverting input of comparing unit 1 under the effect of shaping unit 76, trigger set under burst pulse triggers is made to be switch element 2 conducting state and self-locking, for connecting exciter current of generator.

In above-mentioned voltage regulator, each unit all can have multiple implementation, be illustrated below: as shown in Figure 7, in the trigger of this voltage regulator, comparing unit 1 is comparator A1, its in-phase input end connects p3 node, and inverting input connects p1 node; Switch element 2 is power tube Q2, and its drain electrode connects F end, the supply voltage of the source electrode sending and receiving motor voltage of B+ end (also i.e.), is also connected to protects diode D15 at the grid of power tube Q2 and source electrode; Feedback unit 3 comprises resistance R19 and limiter diode D18, and resistance R19 one end connects the source electrode of power tube, and the other end connects p3 node.The positive pole of limiter diode D18 connects p3 node, and negative pole connects B+ end.In the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides, the peripheral circuit of trigger is specific as follows: afterflow unit 71 is diode D2, connects between E end and F end; 5th voltage regulation unit 72 comprises voltage stabilizing didoe D16, resistance R20 and pumping source.Wherein, Ve node is an output of the 5th voltage regulation unit 72, and Ve voltage holds lower than positive source B+ and the burning voltage held relative to positive source B+; Resistance R20 is connected between Ve node and E end; Pumping source connects Ve node, B+ end and E end, and its another output connects Vp node, and the voltage of Vp is at least be adapted to higher than B+ terminal voltage one grid-source voltage values that field effect transistor reliably opens conducting.Such as, for the circuit of 14V system, the output voltage of pumping source can be set to 18 ~ 22V; Voltage stabilizing didoe D16 is connected between Ve node and Vc node (i.e. B+ end).Sampling unit 74 comprises resistance R1 and the resistance R2 of serial connection, and the node p4 between resistance R1 and R2 is connected to the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing didoe D17 of the 6th voltage regulation unit 73, and the negative pole of D17 connects the in-phase input end of comparator A1 through p2 node; Baseline threshold setting unit 77 comprises resistance R17 and R18, and the voltage of the p5 node between R17 and R18 is Second Threshold voltage, exports the inverting input of comparator A1 to; Shaping unit 76 comprises input capacitance C1, diode D9, resistance R12 and triode Q3.Wherein, a termination oscillating unit 75 of input capacitance C1, the other end is connected with the base stage of switching tube Q3; The collector electrode of switching tube Q3 is connected with p1 node, and emitter is connected with Ve node; The positive pole of diode D9 connects Ve node, and negative pole connects p6 node; Resistance R12 is connected between p6 node and Ve node.

The course of work of this kind of voltage regulator is described as follows:

Burning voltage between baseline threshold setting unit 77 pairs of Ve nodes and Vc node (hold with B+ in the present embodiment and be connected) carries out dividing potential drop, and the inverting input for comparator A1 provides invariable Second Threshold voltage.Wherein the size of Second Threshold voltage can require and power tube parameter according to generator power; arrange by regulating the size of R17, R18; Second Threshold voltage swing should reserve certain margin range on the basis of power tube conducting saturation voltage drop; namely the size of Second Threshold voltage is greater than power tube conducting saturation voltage drop; and be less than the limiting voltage of limiter diode D18; start to control a little accurately to set to power tube overcurrent protection, accomplish high accuracy overcurrent protection.Sampling unit 74 gathers the voltage (being also the voltage of B+ end) of the positive source of generator to be regulated, after R1 and R2 dividing potential drop, by the voltage of p4 node input voltage stabilizing didoe D17, export the in-phase input end of comparator A1 again via p2 node to, thus compare with Second Threshold voltage.Input due to comparator A1 is for reference point with its negative pole current potential and Ve node voltage, it is easily understood that, by reasonably arranging the size of R1 and R2 in sampling unit 74, the size of diode D17 reverse turn-on voltages and Second Threshold voltage in 6th voltage regulation unit 73, the voltage stabilizing value Uz17 sum of the reverse-conducting of p4 node potential Up4 and voltage stabilizing didoe D17 can be utilized, the i.e. current potential height relation of (Up4+Uz17) and Second Threshold voltage p5 node potential Up5, indirect reaction goes out the voltage of power cathode and the magnitude relationship of the generator threshold voltage preset.Through the comparison of comparator A1, following two kinds of results may be there are:

(1) when three's electric potential relation is Up4+Uz17 > Up5, namely when generator output voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset, when shaping unit 76 output burst pulse does not arrive, the third trigger as shown in Figure 7 has two kinds of stable states, is described as follows:

The stable state of A, power tube Q2 saturation conduction: power tube Q2 conducting is connected to the electric current of the excitation winding between F+ end with ground.This exciting current drains at it--and the saturation voltage drop Uds between source electrode is minimum, and such as Uds is 0.45V (is only to describe and illustrates, not as numerical definiteness), i.e. source voltage Us=UB-Uds=UB-0.45V.Making p3 node voltage Up3 close to Us by resistance R19, is also Up3 ≈ Us.Limiting voltage due to the limiter diode D18 of feedback unit 3 is set as obviously being greater than saturation voltage drop Uds numerical value, and therefore limiter diode D18 ends, and namely the voltage of p3 node is not now by the impact of limiter diode D18.

Because generator output voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset, namely the proportion divider value UR1 that the resistance R1 two ends in sampling unit 74 obtain, being less than the voltage stabilizing value Uz of voltage stabilizing didoe D17 and the saturation voltage drop Uds sum of power tube Q2, is also UR1 < Uz+Uds.Now, voltage stabilizing didoe D17 ends, and that is now sampled signal p4 node voltage is not enough to make voltage stabilizing didoe D17 conducting, does not drag down p2 node voltage by voltage stabilizing didoe D17, thus makes the voltage of p3 node not be subject to the impact of p4 node at this moment.

Again because shaping unit 76 output burst pulse does not arrive, the switching tube Q3 of shaping unit 76 ends, and therefore p5 node voltage is not subject to the impact of switching tube Q3.

Also due to Second Threshold voltage swing reserved certain margin range on the basis of power tube conducting saturation voltage drop, the proportion divider value UR17 that the resistance R17 two ends of baseline threshold setting unit 77 are obtained is greater than Uds, i.e. UR17 > Uds.

It is easily understood that the now control of proportion divider value UR17 that obtains by resistance R17 two ends of the inverting input of comparator A1, the in-phase input end of comparator A1 is by the control of the saturation voltage drop Uds of power tube Q2.Due to UR17 and Uds be and B+ hold between absolute value of voltage, and UB > UR17 > Uds, the voltage algebraic value that to be converted into Ve node voltage be reference point: also namely p5 node potential Up5 lower than p3 node voltage Up3, make comparator A1 export the pumping source voltage driven power tube Q2 saturation conduction of high level, make this state be able to self-locking by feedback unit 3.

The stable state of B, power tube Q2 cut-off, excitation winding has dragged down the current potential of F+ end, and has dragged down p3 node potential by resistance R19.Simultaneously under the effect of limiter diode D18, p3 node potential is limited, and make the in-phase input end voltage of now comparator A1 lower than its anti-phase input terminal voltage, comparator A1 output low level, power tube Q2 ends, and is self-locking in this state by feedback unit 3.

When the burst pulse that oscillating unit 75 exports after shaping unit 76 arrives:

For the situation of above-mentioned A, pulse front edge paraphase is amplified by the pulse signal that oscillating unit 75 exports after shaping unit 76, because the emitter equivalent inpnt resistance of electric capacity C1 and switching tube Q3 is connected into differentiation element form, and electric capacity C1 capacity is less, therefore switching tube Q3 is only in the rising edge time conducting that the pulse of electric capacity C1 transmission is precipitous.The collector electrode of switching tube Q3 produces extremely narrow low level burst pulse, and during non-burst pulse, in the time namely after burst pulse, switching tube Q3 collector electrode exports in open-circuit condition and high-impedance state.When the pulse steep rise arrival that electric capacity C1 transmits, rising edge arrives switching tube Q3 through capacitor C1 and makes it of short duration conducting, and switching tube Q3 collector electrode drags down the current potential of comparator A1 inverting input through p1 node, comparator A1 can not be made to overturn.When after pulse in the past switching tube Q3 cut-off on comparator A1 also without affecting, thus can draw: when trigger is self-locking in power tube conducting state, oscillating unit 75 inputs to the burst pulse of comparing unit 1 or edge pulse to previous status without impact by shaping unit 76.

For the situation of above-mentioned B, when the pulse steep rise transmitted as electric capacity C1 arrives, rising edge through capacitor C1 arrive switching tube Q3 make switching tube Q3 of short duration conducting time.Switching tube Q3 collector electrode drags down the current potential of current potential to Ve node of comparator A1 inverting input through p1 node.Limiter diode D18 makes comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential higher than anti-phase input terminal potential simultaneously.Comparator A1 rear pump power subsystem voltage, makes power tube Q2 conducting, and exciting current occurs.

The strong positive feedback process experienced during this period: the inverting input current potential reduction → comparator A1 output current potential rising → power tube Q2 grid potential of comparator A1 is driven high → and power tube Q2 conducting draws high F point current potential → F point current potential feeds back to the in-phase input end → comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential rising → comparator A1 of comparator A1 output current potential via resistance R19 and keeps high level.This is the reaction caused by the negative sense burst pulse being added in comparator A1 inverting input, makes the SM set mode that trigger upset is power tube Q2 conducting.Due to power tube Q2 saturated time its conducting internal resistance Rds minimum, power tube Q2 saturation voltage drop is minimum, and its source electrode exports the voltage close to power supply side B+, is not enough to make power tube Q2 source voltage lower than the anti-phase input terminal voltage of Second Threshold voltage and comparator A1.The output stage of comparator A1 its inside when exporting high potential connects pumping source cell voltage Vp, and trigger upset is power tube Q2 conducting state.Even if burst pulse is pass by, switching tube Q3 in shaping unit 76 ends, but the high potential that power tube Q2 exports makes the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 higher than the anti-phase input terminal potential of Second Threshold voltage and A1 through the resistance R19 of feedback unit 3, make trigger continue to be stabilized in power tube Q2 conducting state, be namely self-locking in conducting excited state.

Can learn by said process: when generator output voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset, trigger all can be stablized and is self-locking in conducting excited state.

(2) when three's electric potential relation is Up4+Uz17≤Up5, when also namely generator output voltage is more than or equal to default generator threshold voltage:

Then when determining frequency triggering signal and not arriving, produce the overvoltage signal of negative sense at p2 node.This overvoltage signal, with the output voltage real-time change of generator, belongs to analog signal, and diode D17 is used for detecting this analog signal as reset signal.It should be noted that, the Second Threshold voltage of p5 node designs for starting to control a little of power tube Q2 overcurrent protection.P5 node voltage is simultaneously double does the reference voltage compared with analog quantity reset signal (namely ending the overvoltage signal of self-locking for triggering the present embodiment trigger power tube), detecting of overvoltage signal is that voltage stabilizing value by voltage stabilizing didoe D17 determined, the key point that this point adjuster that present embodiment provides just is simplified, makes Unit Design high integrity.When the overvoltage signal detected reach to start to control some time, overvoltage signal compares in comparator A1 as reset signal: namely sampled signal voltage drags down the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 again through p2 through voltage stabilizing didoe D17, make in-phase input end current potential lower than anti-phase input terminal potential, just strong positive feedback process is caused thus, be specially: the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 reduces, anti-phase input terminal voltage higher than the grid potential of in-phase input end voltage → comparator A1 output current potential reduction → power tube Q2 dragged down → power tube Q2 ends, source potential dragged down → and F terminal potential makes the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 reduce through resistance R19.This be one by be added in comparator A1 in-phase input end negative sense the reaction that causes of reset signal, because the multiplication factor of positive feedback comparator is very big, trigger is turned over transfer to immediately the reset mode that power tube Q2 ends.Even if generator output voltage is lower than the magnitude of voltage preset, voltage stabilizing didoe D17 no longer drags down the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1, but the current potential that power tube Q2 source electrode is dragged down by the excitation winding of external unit continues to drag down the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 through the R19 of feedback unit 3, make it lower than Second Threshold voltage, power tube Q2 is stabilized in the cut-off state cutting off exciting current, and namely trigger realizes reset mode self-locking.When next one triggering signal arrival frequently surely, the negative sense burst pulse detonator circuit upset being added in comparator A1 inverting input is also self-locking in the SM set mode of power tube Q2 conducting excitation again.

When there is continuous overvoltage, although the current potential that voltage stabilizing didoe D17 can drag down comparator A1 in-phase input end makes it the current potential lower than comparator A1 inverting input always, but the anti-phase input terminal potential of comparator A1 can be pulled low to the current potential lower than its in-phase input end determining the arrival of frequency triggering signal by the switching tube Q3 of shaping unit 76 instantaneously, thus make comparator A1 export the voltage of high potential and the output of pumping source unit in burst pulse or edge impulse duration, make the of short duration conducting of power tube Q2.When after burst pulse or edge pulse in the past, trigger reset, power tube Q2 ends, and energized circuit there will be described " aftercurrent ".

When there is overcurrent in power tube Q2; an excessive electric current will drag down power tube Q2 source voltage; between the drain electrode and source electrode of power tube Q2, conducting internal resistance Rds creates excessive voltage drop; the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 is dragged down by the R19 of feedback unit 3; make in-phase input end current potential lower than the p5 point second baseline threshold current potential of its inverting input, can the starting to control a little of setting power pipe Q2 overcurrent protection by changing Second Threshold voltage.The voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe D18 is greater than saturation voltage drop during power tube Q2 normally, just strong positive feedback process is caused thus: the in-phase input end current potential reduction → comparator A1 output current potential reduction → power tube Q2 grid potential of comparator A1 dragged down → power tube Q2 ends, source potential also reduces i.e. F terminal potential and dragged down → and F terminal potential transfers to comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential via feedback resistance R19, makes the in-phase input end potential duration of comparator A1 be low → power tube Q2 remain off.This is the reaction that the signal being added in the negative sense of A1 in-phase input end caused by power tube Q2 overcurrent causes, and comparator A1 makes trigger overturn immediately as power tube Q2 cuts off the cut-off state of excitation under positive feedback state.Power tube Q2 source electrode is dragged down current potential by external excitation winding; even if short circuit or overcurrent are removed; power tube Q2 source electrode is excited current potential that winding drags down still continues to drag down comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential through the resistance R19 of feedback unit 3; power tube Q2 is made to be stabilized in cut-off state; namely achieve the cut-off self-locking of defencive function, that is achieve the trigger reset self-locking caused by power tube Q2 overcurrent.When there is sequential short circuit and causing the continuous overcurrent of power tube Q2, occur in energized circuit monitoring pulse with the fixed short circuit frequently triggering burst pulse or edge impulsive synchronization, after overcurrent or short circuit are removed, when the triggering of next trigger impulse arrives, trigger just can be triggered and make power tube conducting restart excitation.

The voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides generator output voltage be more than or equal to adjuster preset voltage threshold time or power tube overcurrent make power tube end reset and self-locking, power tube Q2 be in cut-off self-locking state time make power tube Q2 conducting and set self-locking by the frequency triggering signal of determining inputing to comparator A1.In addition, the feedback circuit in trigger is also double does over-current detection circuit, and the frequency of determining being particularly useful for high reliability encourages voltage regulator.Simultaneously can also match exciting power pipe according to the parameter of generator in trigger, to reach adjuster and generator is distributed rationally, make defencive function more accurately perfect.

Eighth aspect, the invention provides and additionally provide a kind of voltage regulator, as shown in Figure 8, this voltage regulator similarly comprises the third trigger above-mentioned, also comprises: afterflow unit 81, voltage regulation unit 82, sampling unit 83, oscillating unit 84, shaping unit 85 and baseline threshold setting unit 86;

Wherein, afterflow unit 81 connects positive source and switch element; Voltage regulation unit 82 connect positive source, baseline threshold setting unit 86, oscillating unit 84 and comparing unit 1, for providing stable voltage for baseline threshold setting unit 86, oscillating unit 84 and comparing unit 1; Sampling unit 83 connect positive source, and the inverting input of comparing unit 1, baseline threshold setting unit 86 connects the in-phase input end of ground and comparing unit 1, for providing first threshold voltage for comparing unit 1 in-phase input end; When sampled signal voltage is greater than voltage stabilizing value and the first threshold voltage of baseline threshold setting unit 86, make trigger reset be switch element cut-off state and self-locking, cut off exciter current of generator; Oscillating unit 84 connects ground and shaping unit 85, the input of shaping unit 85 connecting valve unit, oscillating unit 84 inputs burst pulse to switch element under the effect of shaping unit 85, make trigger set under burst pulse triggers be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator; Wherein, between comparing unit and switch element, be also in series with current-limiting resistance, for limiting the electric current of comparing unit output.

In above-mentioned voltage regulator, each unit all can have multiple implementation, be illustrated below: as shown in Figure 8, in the trigger of this voltage regulator, comparing unit is comparator A1, its in-phase input end connects p4 node, and inverting input connects p2 node.Switch element comprises power tube Q2, and its grid connects the output of comparator A1 by current-limiting resistance R5, and source ground is also E end, and the control end F of drain contact hair device holds.Wherein, current-limiting resistance, for limiting comparator output terminal by the pull-down current of shaping unit to oscillating unit, avoids the output signal of comparing unit and the fixed phenomenon such as appearance interference or short circuit between triggering signal frequently.Feedback unit comprises resistance R4 and triode Q1.Wherein, the drain electrode F of resistance R4 mono-termination power tube Q2, the base stage of another termination triode Q1; The grounded emitter of triode Q1 is also E end; the emitter junction conduction threshold of triode Q1 also starts to control a little for comparing with the saturation voltage drop of power tube Q2 as power tube overcurrent protection, and the collector electrode of triode Q1 is connected with comparator A1 in-phase input end thus makes triode Q1 and resistance R4 jointly form the regenerative circuit of comparing unit and switch element.In the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides, the peripheral circuit of trigger is described as follows:

Freewheeling circuit comprises diode D2, and its positive pole connects F end, and negative pole connects D+/B+ end, for hold with F and D+/B+ hold between the load that is connected form loop, the induced electromotive force of absorbing load generation.Baseline threshold setting unit 86 comprises resistance R3 and voltage stabilizing didoe D1, and it is also Vc node that one end of resistance R3 is connected to power supply side, and the other end connects the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe D1.The plus earth of voltage stabilizing didoe D1.The magnitude of voltage of resistance R3 and voltage stabilizing didoe D1 dividing potential drop, via p4 node, is inputed to the in-phase input end of comparator A1 by baseline threshold setting unit 86.Sampling unit 83 comprises resistance R1 and R2 of series connection.Wherein, R1 does not connect one end connection positive source (the D+/B+ end yet namely shown in Fig. 8) of R2; R2 does not connect one end ground connection of R1.The magnitude of voltage of dividing potential drop between R1 and R2, via p2 node, is inputed to the inverting input of comparator A1 by sampling unit 83, and its divider node is also the overvoltage signal on p2 node is the reset signal of analog quantity.Voltage regulation unit 82 comprises resistance R6 and voltage stabilizing didoe D3.Wherein, resistance R6 one end connects D+/B+ end, and the other end connects Vc node.The plus earth of voltage stabilizing didoe D3, negative pole connects Vc node.Oscillating unit 84 connects Vc node and E end, and oscillating unit 84 output signal can be less than or equal to the narrow pulse signal of the forward of 1% for high level duty ratio, here only for setting forth the explanation course of work, not as the restriction to duty ratio numerical value.Shaping unit 85 comprises diode D4, and its positive pole connects oscillating unit 84, and negative pole is connected to the grid of power tube Q2 via p1 node.

The workflow of this kind of voltage regulator is described as follows:

Sampling unit 83 gathers the supply voltage (being also the voltage of B+ end) of generator to be regulated, after R1 and R2 dividing potential drop, the voltage of p2 node is inputed to the inverting input of comparator A1, thus compare with the first threshold voltage inputing to comparator A1 in-phase input end.It is easily understood that by reasonably arranging R1 and R2 in sampling unit 83, the magnitude relationship indirect reaction of p2 node voltage and first threshold voltage can be utilized to go out the voltage of positive source and the magnitude relationship of the generator threshold voltage preset.Following two kinds of results may be there are:

(1) if when p2 node voltage is less than first threshold voltage, when also namely supply voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then the anti-phase input terminal voltage of comparator A1 is lower than in-phase input end voltage, and comparator A1 now should output low level 0.But because comparator A1 and power tube Q2 constitutes trigger by current-limiting resistance R5 and feedback unit, so its output state is not only decided by the voltage of in-phase input end and inverting input, be specifically described in two kinds of situation below:

A, suppose comparator A1 output low level 0, oscillating unit 84 export determine frequency trigger burst pulse or edge pulse do not arrive time, the diode D4 of shaping unit 85 ends, and power tube Q2 grid does not have cut-in voltage, power tube Q2 ends, and its drain electrode is also that F terminal potential is driven high.The resistance R4 of F terminal potential in feedback unit inputs to the ground level of triode Q1, for the ground level of triode Q1 provides electric current.Triode Q1 saturation conduction, drags down comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential via p3 node, makes it lower than comparator A1 anti-phase input terminal potential, and now, comparator A1 exports as low level 0 and is stabilized in this state.Above-mentioned feedback procedure is specially: the in-phase input end current potential reduction → comparator A1 output low level of comparator A1 0 → via current-limiting resistance R5 make the grid potential reduction → power tube Q2 of power tube Q2 end drain potential also namely F terminal voltage be driven high → ground level that F terminal voltage transfers to triode Q1 via R4 makes its base potential rising → triode Q1 collector potential reduce, comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential is reduced, thus forms the reset mode that namely stable state is self-locking in power tube cut-off.

B, suppose that comparator A1 exports high level 1, then power tube Q2 conducting, its drain potential also namely F terminal voltage be pulled to extremely low saturation voltage drop, lower than the emitter junction on state threshold voltage of triode Q1 in feedback unit, therefore triode Q1 ends.Due to precondition be the anti-phase input terminal potential of comparator A1 lower than in-phase input end current potential, therefore comparator A1 export high level 1, power tube Q2 keeps conducting state.Feedback unit forms the positive feedback of comparing unit and switch element, detailed process is as follows: comparator A1 in-phase input end current potential rising → comparator A1 exports the power tube Q2 grid potential risings → power tube Q2 conducting of high level → under the effect of current-limiting resistance R5 thus makes drain potential also be that F terminal potential reduction → F terminal voltage inputs to triode Q1 base potential via resistance R4, the collector potential of its ground level current potential reduction → triode Q1 is raised, the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 is raised, power tube Q2 is made to be locked at conducting shape body, form stable state and power tube conducting excited state and be self-locking in this SM set mode.

When above-mentioned A, namely when comparator A1 output low level 0, when the burst pulse from oscillating unit 84 arrives, the fixed triggering signal frequently of diode D4 conducting output through fixed pulse-triggered shaping unit 85 frequently i.e. fixed triggering burst pulse or edge pulse frequently, through p1 node to the of short duration high level signal of the grid one of power tube Q2, power tube Q2 saturation conduction immediately, its drain electrode is also that F holds output voltage to be dragged down, namely there is positive feedback process strong as follows: the drain electrode of the grid potential rising → power tube Q2 of power tube Q2 is also F terminal potential reduction → F terminal voltage inputs to triode Q1 base potential via resistance R4, its ground level current potential reduction → triode Q1 collector potential is made to increase, make the output high level of the in-phase input end current potential rising → comparator A1 of the comparator A1 → grid potential of power tube Q2 is raised via current-limiting resistance R5, trigger overturns immediately.After the triggering burst pulse past of forward, the D4 cut-off of fixed trigger impulse shaping unit 85 frequently, the i.e. PN junction reverse bias of diode D4, internal resistance greatly i.e. high-impedance state, that is: burst pulse or the edge pulse of what the D4 of fixed trigger impulse shaping unit 85 frequently exported is high level, and export high-impedance state in non-burst pulse or edge impulse duration; Now trigger still remains on the SM set mode of Q2 conducting excitation and self-locking by regenerative circuit.

Learnt by above-mentioned, when generator output voltage is lower than set point, trigger is self-locking in the SM set mode of Q2 conducting excitation, generator continuous excitation.

(2) if when p2 node voltage is more than or equal to Second Threshold voltage, when also namely supply voltage is greater than or equal to the generator threshold voltage preset:

Then the anti-phase input terminal potential of comparator A1 is greater than its in-phase input end current potential, comparator A1 output low level 0.The voltage of p2 node is the signal of analog quantity, and the reset signal being greater than p4 voltage and described analog quantity when p2 node voltage is amplified at comparator A1, illustrates respectively in two kinds of situation below:

If the fixed triggering signal frequently of A does not arrive, diode D4 ends, then power tube Q2 ends, and according to above-mentioned positive feedback effect, upset is power tube Q2 off-state by trigger, at once cuts off excitation.Also even generator output voltage rises to and is more than or equal to when default generator threshold voltage moment arrives, trigger can overturn cut-out exciting current at once, the delayed phase that the divider node of R1 and R2 of sampling unit 83 does not have filtering capacitor to cause, only experience trigger and just can cut off exciting current flip-flop transition, the time of delay that this flip-flop transition will cause far below filtering capacitor, eliminate overvoltage potential in existing adjuster and overcurrent endangers, also make regulation voltage more accurate.

If the fixed triggering signal frequently of B arrives simultaneously, diode D4 conducting, then power tube Q2 conducting, make the triode Q1 of feedback unit end.The anti-phase input terminal potential being comparator A1 due to precondition is more than or equal to in-phase input end current potential, and therefore comparator A1 exports is still low level 0.Trigger burst pulse past tense when determining frequency, power tube Q2 recovers cut-off, and upset is power tube Q2 off-state and is self-locking in this state by trigger, and the ultra-narrow pulse of the of short duration conducting of period emergent power pipe is called as " aftercurrent ".

Under power tube cut-off self-locking state, along with power consumption, when generator output voltage is when dropping to the generator threshold voltage lower than presetting, the anti-phase input terminal potential of comparator, lower than in-phase input end current potential, starts again the new excitation cycle under the effect determining frequency trigger impulse.The beginning of each excitation is all by determining frequency trigger impulse and asserts signal triggering, and each cut-off exciting current all makes trigger upset cause by overvoltage signal and reset signal.After excitation cut-off, even if generator output voltage is lower than the generator threshold voltage preset, trigger also can not overturn as excited state, until could start the new excitation cycle when next fixed frequency trigger impulse arrives.So excitation frequency during normal regulating is determined by oscillating unit 84, irrelevant with generator speed, electrical load and sampling unit.And the divider node of sampling unit 83 does not have filter capacitor, various interference noises contained on this node can not be delivered to power tube grid, power tube can not be detained in amplification region, and trigger false triggering also can not be caused to overturn, and the waveform that power tube is exported is neat, without clutter.

The voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides can cut off exciting current when generator overvoltage in time except as described above, can also carry out overcurrent protection to power tube.How overcurrent protection is carried out to power tube by the voltage regulator illustrating embodiment of the present invention and provide below:

When due to excitation winding short circuit, leak electricity between carbon brush, when the factors such as copper ring electric leakage or short circuit make power tube Q2 drain current excessive, the drain voltage of power tube Q2 will raise, the base stage of triode Q1 and the PN junction conduction threshold of emitter start to control a little as power tube overcurrent protection, when the Uds of power tube Q2 rises to the emitter junction conduction threshold being more than or equal to Q1, base current is provided to triode Q1 by the R4 of feedback unit, amplified by positive feedback loop and make triode Q1 saturation conduction, drag down the in-phase input end current potential of comparator A1 immediately, comparator A1 is made to export electronegative potential 0, next two kinds of situations are divided into the protection of power tube Q2:

If A now fixed triggering signal frequently does not arrive, diode D4 end, and when generation power tube overcurrent, trigger is by the electric current overturning rupturing duty pipe Q2 immediately and be self-locking in cut-off state.Due to strong positive feedback effect; trigger is extremely short for flip-flop transition; can cut off overcurrent immediately; the protected location adopting capacitor in prior art is avoided to carry out overcurrent protection; cause overcurrent spike to flow through power tube too much thus make power tube damage heating, power tube effectively not protected.The voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides can protect power tube can not cause punch through damage due to overcurrent heating, even if over current fault will be removed, when the fixed burst pulse arrival of triggering frequently, power tube Q2 can not conducting, is self-locking in cut-off state.

If the burst pulse that B now exports from oscillating unit 84 arrives, diode D4 conducting, the then of short duration conducting of power tube Q2.Now due to the reason triode Q1 still conducting of overcurrent, therefore comparator A1 still output low level 0.But the burst pulse that oscillating unit 84 exports is pass by immediately, power tube Q2 recovers cut-off, and upset is power tube off-state and is self-locking in this state by trigger.Power tube Q2 will there will be extremely of short duration conducting during this period, makes the pulse of the of short duration conducting of power tube be short circuit monitoring pulse, and the size that its duty ratio and fixed frequency trigger the width of burst pulse and overcurrent is relevant.Determine under frequency triggers burst pulse duty ratio certain, overcurrent or short circuit current larger, then drain voltage overflows faster, and power tube conducting duty ratio is less.Therefore to meet the safety requirements of power tube, the duty ratio of short circuit monitoring pulse can be set in less than 1%, here not as numerical definiteness.

It should be noted that, no matter voltage regulator, when normal regulating, is first run to be short-circuited or to be first short-circuited to rerun, and can obtain the protection of same safety.After overcurrent and short trouble are removed, unit recovers normal work automatically.

In sum; the voltage regulator that embodiment of the present invention provides; generator output voltage be more than or equal to device preset voltage threshold time power tube overcurrent or excitation winding short circuit time; power tube can be made to end namely reset and self-locking, thus exciting current can be cut off at once or overcurrent protection is carried out to power tube.When power tube is in cut-off self-locking state, make power tube conducting and set and self-locking by the frequency start pulse signal of determining inputing to comparing unit.Feedback unit is double simultaneously does over-current detection circuit, and what be particularly useful for high reliability determines frequency excitation voltage regulation device.Simultaneously the voltage regulator that provides of embodiment of the present invention can according to the parameter apolegamy exciting power pipe of the parameter of generator as excitation winding, to reach the configuration that adjuster and generator are more optimized, makes defencive function more accurate and perfect.

Above execution mode is only for illustration of the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill of relevant technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all equivalent technical schemes also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. a trigger, is characterized in that, comprises comparing unit, switch element and feedback unit;

2. a trigger, is characterized in that comprising switch control unit, switch element and feedback unit;

3. a trigger, is characterized in that, comprises comparing unit, switch element and feedback unit;

4. a voltage regulator for generator, is characterized in that, comprises trigger as claimed in claim 1.

5. voltage regulator as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, application condition amplifying unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;

6. a voltage regulator for generator, is characterized in that, comprises trigger as claimed in claim 2.

7. voltage regulator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, the first voltage regulation unit, the second voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit and shaping unit;

Wherein, described afterflow unit is connected to and connects positive source and switch element; Described first voltage regulation unit connect positive source, switch control unit, oscillating unit, for providing stable voltage for described switch control unit, oscillating unit; Described sampling unit connect described positive source, and the second voltage regulation unit, the input of described second voltage regulation unit connecting valve control unit, sampling unit under the pressure stabilization function of the second voltage regulation unit for the input of switch control unit provides overvoltage signal, make described trigger be reset to switch element cut-off state and self-locking under described overvoltage signal triggers, cut off exciter current of generator; Described oscillating unit connects ground and shaping unit, the input of described shaping unit connecting valve control unit, oscillating unit inputs burst pulse to switch control unit under the effect of shaping unit, make the set under described burst pulse triggers of described trigger be switching means conductive state and self-locking, connect exciter current of generator.

8. voltage regulator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, the 3rd voltage regulation unit, the 4th voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit and shaping unit;

9. a voltage regulator for generator, is characterized in that, comprises trigger as claimed in claim 3.

10. voltage regulator as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, the 5th voltage regulation unit, the 6th voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;

11. voltage regulators as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described voltage regulator also comprises afterflow unit, voltage regulation unit, sampling unit, oscillating unit, shaping unit and baseline threshold setting unit;