CN105574944A - Highway intelligent toll collection system based on vehicle identification and method thereof - Google Patents
Highway intelligent toll collection system based on vehicle identification and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105574944A CN105574944A CN201510932278.7A CN201510932278A CN105574944A CN 105574944 A CN105574944 A CN 105574944A CN 201510932278 A CN201510932278 A CN 201510932278A CN 105574944 A CN105574944 A CN 105574944A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/60—Type of objects
- G06V20/62—Text, e.g. of license plates, overlay texts or captions on TV images
- G06V20/625—License plates
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a highway intelligent toll collection method based on vehicle identification and a system thereof. The highway intelligent toll collection method based on vehicle identification comprises the steps that existence of a vehicle receiving a toll collection card with the corresponding number at the highway entrance is detected; when a situation that the vehicle receives the toll collection card with the corresponding number is detected, an image including license plate information and an image including vehicle model information of the vehicle are respectively acquired; the image including the license plate information and the image including the vehicle model information of the vehicle are respectively identified, and the corresponding obtained license plate information and the vehicle model of the vehicle and the toll collection card with the corresponding number are associated and saved; existence of the vehicle wiping the received toll collection card at the highway exit is detected; the corresponding number of the toll collection card is acquired; meanwhile, the image including the license plate information and the image including the vehicle model information of the vehicle are identified at the exit; whether the license plate information and the vehicle model information of the vehicle and the toll collection card are the same with the information saved at the entrance is judged, and normal toll collection is performed if the judgment result is yes; and releasing is stopped if the judgment result is no and alarm prompting is emitted so that intelligent degree of highway toll collection management can be enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of intelligent traffic, particularly relate to a kind of based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System and method.
Background technology
Along with the sharply increase of China's expanding economy, car owning amount, highway mileage extends rapidly, and highway communication becomes the important communications and transportation approach of China, and highway is the infrastructure that country greatly develops.The construction mode of highway " loan is repaired the roads, and charge is refunded " is that expressway construction cause provides strong support.
But, existing highway tolling system only using rate card as unique charge voucher, if there is lawless person to block in midway, change the behaviors such as card, whether highway tolling system None-identified driver exists card or changes the behaviors such as card, thus causes economic loss to freeway management.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System and method, be intended to solve existing highway tolling system only using rate card as charge voucher, whether None-identified driver exists card or changes the behaviors such as card, affects the problem of highway regular fee.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System, comprising:
Whether detect has vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place;
When detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, license board information correspondence being obtained this vehicle is associated to the rate card of vehicle and corresponding numbering, preserves one by one;
Whether detect has vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place;
When the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtaining the corresponding numbering of this rate card, meanwhile, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Judge that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information is identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, if identical, then regular fee; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.
Another object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of reverse vehicle searching system, comprising:
Whether first detection module, have vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place for detecting;
First acquisition module, for when detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprises the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
First identification module, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Memory module, for being associated to the rate card of vehicle information with the corresponding numbering got by the vehicle number of this vehicle identified, forming corresponding relation, preserving one by one;
Whether the second detection module, have vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place for detecting;
Second acquisition module, for when the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtains the corresponding numbering of this rate card; Meanwhile, obtain this vehicle respectively comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Second identification module, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Judge module, for judging that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, if identical, then regular fee; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.
In embodiments of the present invention, whether detect has vehicle brush to get rate card, by the image that comprise license board information of this vehicle of camera collection in highway-entrance place or exit and the image comprising vehicle information, the license board information of this vehicle toll card numbering detected according to exit and the vehicle of identification and vehicle information, judge and this vehicle toll card that porch is detected number with the license board information of the vehicle identified and vehicle information whether identical, when identical be, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.The method and system avoid the phenomenon that lawless person realizes changing card or falling card on highway, considerably reduce the working strength of staff, improve the intelligence degree of (at a high speed) highroad toll collection system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System step S103 or S106 that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System step S107 that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and details are as follows:
In step S101, detect and whether have vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place;
Wherein, be provided with the terminal of the rate card can getting corresponding numbering in porch, this terminal passes through network attached server.
In step s 102, when detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Wherein, when sense terminals produces the rate card of corresponding numbering, by being arranged on the camera of porch, shooting vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information.
In step s 103, identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, license board information correspondence being obtained this vehicle is associated to the rate card of vehicle and corresponding numbering, preserves one by one;
In step S104, detect and whether have vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place;
Wherein, be provided with the rate card terminal can brushed and get at highway exit place, by the numbering of this rate card of identification of terminal electromagnetic induction.
In step S105, when the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtaining the corresponding numbering of this rate card, meanwhile, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Wherein, by being arranged on the camera of porch, shooting vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information.
In step s 106, identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
In step s 107, judge that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information is identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, in step S108, if identical, then regular fee; In step S109, if different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.
In embodiments of the present invention, whether detect has vehicle brush to get rate card, by the image that comprise license board information of this vehicle of camera collection in highway-entrance place or exit and the image comprising vehicle information, the license board information of this vehicle toll card numbering detected according to exit and the vehicle of identification and vehicle information, judge and this vehicle toll card that porch is detected number with the license board information of the vehicle identified and vehicle information whether identical, when identical be, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.The method and system avoid the phenomenon that lawless person realizes changing card or falling card on highway, considerably reduce the working strength of staff, improve the intelligence degree of (at a high speed) highroad toll collection system.
embodiment two
Fig. 2 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System step S103 or S106 that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and details are as follows:
In step s 201, the image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, location, segmentation respectively, extract contour feature and the projection properties of the rear each character picture of segmentation, comparison is one by one carried out with each Character mother plate prestored in server, the Character mother plate of screening comparison best results is output character, and array output character obtains corresponding vehicle number in order;
Particularly, the image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, generate the binary image of license board information;
Wherein, the image comprising license board information is carried out gray processing process, based on the enhancing image of laplacian spectral radius mask, by this image binaryzation.
Based on Sobel edge detection algorithm, detect its vertical edge, carry out the coarse positioning of license plate area with Mathematical Morphology Method edge image, realize the accurate location of this license plate area with projecting method;
Wherein, extract the vertical edge in image based on vertical Sobel edge detection algorithm, utilize the vertical convolution kernel of Sobel to come to carry out convolution algorithm with each pixel in the binary image of input and obtained vertical edge image afterwards; The mathematical morphology filter method fortune of employing converts image, give prominence to required image information, and concrete grammar is exactly that employing possesses the structural elements of required geometric shape and binary image carries out set operation, obtains image after required morphologic filtering; This license plate area is accurately located by projecting method.
Remove the edge of this license plate area, splitting this license plate area is successively several characters;
Wherein, the saltus step rule according to character removes upper and lower side frame and rivet, and the license plate area at filtering edge is divided into several character pictures by the edge of filtering license plate area from left to right or from right to left successively;
Extract contour feature and the projection properties of each described character successively, carry out comparison one by one with each Character mother plate prestored in server, what screen comparison best results is vehicle number;
Wherein, by scanning its procession, when recording scanning, in image, pixel value has the coordinate position of saltus step, extracts the contour feature of character; Horizontal projection and the vertical projection of character is asked according to formula, calculate the vertical projection density of character, with each character comparison one by one prestored in server, screen the character that this character picture identification of comparison best results is corresponding, character is arranged in order by segmentation order, generates the corresponding number-plate number.
In step S202, calculate the marking area and the non-significant region that comprise vehicle in the image of vehicle information, non-homogeneous to adopt obtains a gradient map, expands with binary coding, by the corresponding gradient response diagram of the similar acquisition of cosine to gradient point, the mode of parallel computation is adopted to carry out fast zoom table coupling, obtain vehicle matching result, judge vehicle, export the vehicle information identified.
Particularly, sampled point is obtained by a kind of mode of nonuniform sampling, gradient by quantifying on sampled point basis, and gradient expansion is carried out and binary representation to gradient direction after quantification, obtain respective extension gradient map, thus set up template, and set up the template base of level by the thick cluster mode of k-means; Then obtained the expansion gradient map of vehicle to be detected by same way, carry out template matches by the mode of level retrieval.In the first stage of setting up template, that has abandoned traditional approach evenly adopts a little, adopts a kind of non-homogeneous point mode of adopting based on vehicle region of significance to build template, greatly reduces the gradient point that template matches is and calculates, and the calculated amount of response diagram during coupling.In the subordinate phase that template base is formed, expanding the rear gradient map obtained for quantizing, setting up response chart according to binary numeral numerical value, then result being stored, fast finding when being convenient to mate.
In embodiments of the present invention, by the image recognition wherein number-plate number and vehicle information, avoid the car plate of vehicle unintelligible or imperfect time, None-identified license plate number, improves Car license recognition accuracy rate; Simultaneously, by k-means cluster, thick cluster is carried out to vehicle outward appearance etc. and set up different automobile types space, set up the search of multi-level vehicle, adopt in concrete matching process in advance calculate the internal memory that to walk abreast when obtaining gradient response table, coupling under line and calculate, by the fast zoom table of cosine similar calculated response degree, to the real-time that vehicle detects, accuracy in detection significantly improves.
embodiment three
Fig. 3 is the realization flow figure based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System step S107 that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and details are as follows:
In step S301, at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered different with rate card numbering at least one information with the license board information of preserving in porch, vehicle information, then stop clearance, give the alarm and point out staff to process;
Concrete, when such as, license board information by identifying in exit is different with rate card from the license board information that porch is preserved; When vehicle information such as by identifying in exit is different with rate card from the vehicle information that porch is preserved; And the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are when numbering and number different with license board information, vehicle information and the rate card preserved in porch, then stop letting pass, the prompting staff that gives the alarm carries out artificial judgment, sees and whether occurs illegal process.
In step s 302, at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered and numbered identical with license board information, vehicle information and the rate card preserved in porch, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass passes through.
In embodiments of the present invention, by license board information, vehicle information and rate card are numbered carry out in porch interrelated, form one-to-one relationship, until license board information, the vehicle information of this vehicle inquired about in exit, stop the phenomenon of lawless person's cheating on highway, improve the intelligence degree of (at a high speed) highroad toll collection system.
embodiment four
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart based on road vehicle identification intelligent Fare Collection System that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and details are as follows:
Whether first detection module 41, have vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place for detecting;
Acquiring unit, for adopting camera to be arranged on porch, taking vehicle respectively and comprises the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information.
First acquisition module 42, for when detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprises the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
First identification module 43, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, license board information correspondence being obtained this vehicle is associated to the rate card of vehicle and corresponding numbering, preserves one by one;
First recognition unit, for the image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, location, segmentation respectively, extract contour feature and the projection properties of the rear each character picture of segmentation, comparison is one by one carried out with each Character mother plate prestored in server, the Character mother plate of screening comparison best results is output character, and array output character obtains corresponding vehicle number in order;
Second recognition unit, for calculate comprise vehicle information image in the marking area of vehicle and non-significant region, non-homogeneous to adopt obtains a gradient map, expands with binary coding, by the corresponding gradient response diagram of the similar acquisition of cosine to gradient point, the mode of parallel computation is adopted to carry out fast zoom table coupling, obtain vehicle matching result, judge vehicle, export the vehicle information identified;
Memory module 44, for being associated to the rate card of vehicle information with the corresponding numbering got by the vehicle number of this vehicle identified, forming corresponding relation, preserving one by one.
Whether the second detection module 45, have vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place for detecting;
Second acquisition module 46, for when the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtains the corresponding numbering of this rate card; Meanwhile, obtain this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information, specifically comprise:
Acquiring unit, for adopting camera to be arranged on exit, being taken vehicle respectively and comprises the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information, wherein, being comprised the image of vehicle information by two-way video collection.
Second identification module 47, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, specifically comprises:
First recognition unit, for the image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, location, segmentation respectively, extract contour feature and the projection properties of the rear each character picture of segmentation, comparison is one by one carried out with each Character mother plate prestored in server, the Character mother plate of screening comparison best results is output character, and array output character obtains corresponding vehicle number in order;
Second recognition unit, for calculate comprise vehicle information image in the marking area of vehicle and non-significant region, non-homogeneous to adopt obtains a gradient map, expands with binary coding, by the corresponding gradient response diagram of the similar acquisition of cosine to gradient point, the mode of parallel computation is adopted to carry out fast zoom table coupling, obtain vehicle matching result, judge vehicle, export the vehicle information identified.
Judge module 48, for judging that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, if identical, then regular fee; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff, specifically comprises:
First judging unit, for at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered different with rate card numbering at least one information with the license board information of preserving in porch, vehicle information, then stop letting pass, the prompting staff that gives the alarm processes;
Second judging unit, for at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered and numbered identical with license board information, vehicle information and the rate card preserved in porch, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass passes through.
The system that the embodiment of the present invention provides can be applied in the embodiment of the method for aforementioned correspondence, and details, see the description of above-described embodiment, do not repeat them here.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the mode that the present invention can add required common hardware by software and realizes.Described program can be stored in read/write memory medium, described storage medium, as random access memory, flash memory, ROM (read-only memory), programmable read only memory, electrically erasable programmable storer, register etc.This storage medium is positioned at storer, and processor reads the information in storer, performs the method described in each embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with its hardware.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (8)
1., based on a method for road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Whether detect has vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place;
When detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, license board information correspondence being obtained this vehicle is associated to the rate card of vehicle and corresponding numbering, preserves one by one;
Whether detect has vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place;
When the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtaining the corresponding numbering of this rate card, meanwhile, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Judge that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information is identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, if identical, then regular fee; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the method for road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, described this vehicle that obtains respectively comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information, is specially:
Adopt camera to be arranged on porch or exit, take vehicle respectively and comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information, wherein, comprised the image of vehicle information by two-way video collection.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the method for road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, describedly identify that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively, be specially:
The image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, location, segmentation respectively, extract contour feature and the projection properties of the rear each character picture of segmentation, comparison is one by one carried out with each Character mother plate prestored in server, the Character mother plate of screening comparison best results is output character, and array output character obtains corresponding vehicle number in order;
Calculate the marking area and the non-significant region that comprise vehicle in the image of vehicle information, non-homogeneous to adopt obtains a gradient map, expands with binary coding, by the corresponding gradient response diagram of the similar acquisition of cosine to gradient point, the mode of parallel computation is adopted to carry out fast zoom table coupling, obtain vehicle matching result, judge vehicle, export the vehicle information identified.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the method for road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, describedly judge that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information is identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, be specially:
At described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered different with rate card numbering at least one information with the license board information of preserving in porch, vehicle information, then stop letting pass, the prompting staff that gives the alarm processes;
At described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered and numbered identical with license board information, vehicle information and the rate card preserved in porch, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass passes through.
5., based on a system for road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Whether first detection module, have vehicle to get the rate card of corresponding numbering at highway-entrance place for detecting;
First acquisition module, for when detecting that the rate card of corresponding numbering got by vehicle, obtaining this vehicle respectively and comprises the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
First identification module, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Memory module, for being associated to the rate card of vehicle information with the corresponding numbering got by the vehicle number of this vehicle identified, forming corresponding relation, preserving one by one;
Whether the second detection module, have vehicle to brush the rate card got at highway exit place for detecting;
Second acquisition module, for when the rate card that vehicle brush is got being detected, obtains the corresponding numbering of this rate card; Meanwhile, obtain this vehicle respectively comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information;
Second identification module, for identifying that this vehicle comprises the image of license board information and comprises the image of vehicle information respectively;
Judge module, for judging that whether described vehicle license plate information, vehicle information identical with the information that porch is preserved with rate card, if identical, then regular fee; If different, then stop letting pass, give the alarm prompting staff.
6. as claimed in claim 5 based on the system of road vehicle identification intelligent charge, it is characterized in that, described first acquisition module and described second acquisition module include acquiring unit, porch or exit is arranged on for adopting camera, take vehicle respectively comprise the image of license board information and comprise the image of vehicle information, wherein, the image of vehicle information is comprised by two-way video collection.
7. reverse vehicle searching system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first identification module and described second identification module include:
First recognition unit, for the image comprising license board information is carried out pre-service, location, segmentation respectively, extract contour feature and the projection properties of the rear each character picture of segmentation, comparison is one by one carried out with each Character mother plate prestored in server, the Character mother plate of screening comparison best results is output character, and array output character obtains corresponding vehicle number in order;
Second recognition unit, for calculate comprise vehicle information image in the marking area of vehicle and non-significant region, non-homogeneous to adopt obtains a gradient map, expands with binary coding, by the corresponding gradient response diagram of the similar acquisition of cosine to gradient point, the mode of parallel computation is adopted to carry out fast zoom table coupling, obtain vehicle matching result, judge vehicle, export the vehicle information identified.
8. reverse vehicle searching system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described judge module, comprising:
First judging unit, for at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered different with rate card numbering at least one information with the license board information of preserving in porch, vehicle information, then stop letting pass, the prompting staff that gives the alarm processes;
Second judging unit, for at described highway exit place, when the license board information of described vehicle, vehicle information and rate card are numbered and numbered identical with license board information, vehicle information and the rate card preserved in porch, then regular fee, this vehicle of letting pass passes through.
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