CN105572581A - Online detection system and online detection method for isolating switch - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种隔离开关在线检测的系统和方法，其中系统包括电动机操动机构、隔离开关和在线检测装置；电动机操动机构包括电动机；在线检测装置包括检测模块、转换模块、交换机和集控端；检测模块用于采集电动机操动机构和隔离开关的检测模拟信号，检测模拟信号包括隔离开关的温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及电动机的电流模拟信号；转换模块用于将检测模拟信号最终转化为检测光信号；并通过交换机发送给所述集控端；集控端用于对接收到的检测光信号进行集中控制。本发明符合国家电网关于建立智能化电网的要求，具备较好的安全性、可靠性和抗干扰性。
The invention relates to a system and method for on-line detection of an isolating switch, wherein the system includes a motor operating mechanism, an isolating switch and an online detection device; the motor operating mechanism includes a motor; the online detection device includes a detection module, a conversion module, a switch and a centralized control terminal; the detection module is used to collect the detection analog signal of the motor operating mechanism and the isolation switch, and the detection analog signal includes the temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and motor current analog signal of the isolation switch; the conversion module is used to convert the The detection analog signal is finally converted into a detection optical signal; and sent to the centralized control terminal through the switch; the centralized control terminal is used for centralized control of the received detection optical signal. The invention meets the requirements of the State Grid for establishing an intelligent power grid, and has better safety, reliability and anti-interference performance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及智能化电网领域，尤其涉及一种隔离开关在线检测的系统和方法。The invention relates to the field of intelligent power grids, in particular to a system and method for on-line detection of an isolating switch.
背景技术Background technique
隔离开关，俗称"刀闸"，一般指的是高压隔离开关，即额定电压在1kV及其以上的隔离开关，通常简称为隔离开关，是高压开关电器中使用最多的一种电器。Isolating switch, commonly known as "knife switch", generally refers to a high-voltage isolating switch, that is, an isolating switch with a rated voltage of 1kV and above.
根据变电站电压等级不同，隔离开关操作机构采用的操作方式不同大致分为如下几种情况：2003年前500Kv及以上隔离开关的主刀及地刀均采用电动并可手动的电动操作，在就地端子箱操作，220Kv隔离开关的主刀采用电动并可手动的电动操作，地刀采用手动操作，110Kv及以下电压等级的隔离开关的主刀和地刀均采用手动操作，以上隔离开关的操作机构均不能实现集中控制，无法满足国家电网提出的建设智能化电网的要求。According to the different voltage levels of the substation, the operating modes of the isolating switch operating mechanism are roughly divided into the following situations: Before 2003, the main knife and ground knife of the isolating switch of 500Kv and above were all electric and could be operated manually. Box operation, the main knife of the 220Kv isolating switch adopts electric and manual electric operation, the ground knife adopts manual operation, the main knife and the ground knife of the isolating switch with a voltage level of 110Kv and below are both manually operated, and the operating mechanism of the above isolating switch cannot be realized Centralized control cannot meet the requirements of the State Grid for building an intelligent grid.
隔离开关在变电站一次设备中不属于关键设备，对隔离开关的控制及检测没有得到充分的重视，为适应国家电网提出的建设智能化电网的要求，各省局对隔离开关进行了一些改造，其中包括将隔离开关的手动操作机构改为电动操作机构，但并没有一个统一的技术要求，改造后的隔离开关并不能完全满足智能化变电站的要求，而且存在安全隐患，具体表现如下：The isolating switch is not a key device in the primary equipment of the substation, and the control and detection of the isolating switch have not received sufficient attention. In order to meet the requirements of the State Grid for building an intelligent grid, the provincial bureaus have carried out some modifications to the isolating switch, including The manual operating mechanism of the isolating switch is changed to an electric operating mechanism, but there is no unified technical requirement. The modified isolating switch cannot fully meet the requirements of the intelligent substation, and there are potential safety hazards. The specific performance is as follows:
1、隔离开关要求无人值守，其开关状态及运行情况均依靠开关量来判断，开关量的是通过控制电缆连接到集控室测控单元上，然后传入后台，如果控制电缆绝缘出线问题，可能造成隔离开关主刀、地刀误分闸或误合闸现象的出现，由于隔离开关不具备开断负荷的功能，这样会给电网安全造成严重破坏。1. The isolating switch requires unattended operation. Its switch status and operating conditions are judged by the switch value. The switch value is connected to the measurement and control unit in the centralized control room through the control cable, and then transmitted to the background. If the control cable insulation problem occurs, it may Cause the phenomenon of false opening or false closing of the main knife and the ground knife of the isolating switch, because the isolating switch does not have the function of breaking the load, which will cause serious damage to the safety of the power grid.
2、电动操作隔离开关导电部分接触情况还是需要巡检人员定期到现场进行温度测量，没有实现在线监测的程度。2. The contact condition of the conductive part of the electrically operated isolating switch still requires inspection personnel to regularly go to the site to measure the temperature, and the degree of online monitoring has not been realized.
3、电动操作隔离开关遥控操作后，现场还需安排运检人员现场核实开关合分闸到位情况。3. After the electric operation isolating switch is operated by remote control, it is necessary to arrange on-site inspection personnel to verify the closing and opening of the switch.
4、现有的隔离开关均不具备对隔离开关合分闸电流进行检测的功能。4. None of the existing isolating switches has the function of detecting the closing and opening current of the isolating switch.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种安全性高、抗干扰能力强以及可靠性能好的隔离开关在线检测的系统和方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system and method for on-line detection of isolating switches with high safety, strong anti-interference ability and good reliability.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种隔离开关在线检测系统，包括电动机操动机构、隔离开关和在线检测装置；所述电动机操动机构包括电动机；The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: an on-line detection system for a disconnector, including a motor operating mechanism, a disconnector and an online detection device; the motor operating mechanism includes a motor;
所述在线检测装置包括检测模块、转换模块、交换机和集控端；The online detection device includes a detection module, a conversion module, a switch and a centralized control terminal;
所述检测模块用于采集所述电动机操动机构和所述隔离开关的检测模拟信号，所述检测模拟信号包括所述隔离开关的温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及所述电动机的电流模拟信号；The detection module is used to collect detection analog signals of the motor operating mechanism and the isolating switch, and the detection analog signals include the temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and the motor current analog signal;
所述转换模块用于将所述检测模拟信号最终转化为检测光信号；并通过所述交换机发送给所述集控端；所述检测光信号包括所述隔离开关的温度光信号、位移光信号、开关量光信号以及所述电动机的电流光信号；The conversion module is used to finally convert the detection analog signal into a detection light signal; and send it to the centralized control terminal through the switch; the detection light signal includes the temperature light signal and the displacement light signal of the isolating switch , the light signal of the switch quantity and the current light signal of the motor;
所述集控端用于对接收到的所述检测光信号进行集中控制。The centralized control terminal is used for centralized control of the received detection optical signal.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
进一步地，所述检测模块包括温度检测单元、位移检测单元、开关量检测单元和电流检测单元；Further, the detection module includes a temperature detection unit, a displacement detection unit, a switch value detection unit and a current detection unit;
所述温度检测单元用于采集所述隔离开关的温度模拟信号；The temperature detection unit is used to collect the temperature analog signal of the isolating switch;
所述位移检测单元用于采集所述隔离开关的位移模拟信号；The displacement detection unit is used to collect the displacement analog signal of the isolating switch;
所述开关量检测单元用于采集所述隔离开关的开关量模拟信号；The switching value detection unit is used to collect the switching value analog signal of the isolating switch;
所述电流检测单元用于采集所述电动机的电流模拟信号。The current detection unit is used for collecting the current analog signal of the motor.
进一步地，所述温度检测单元包括无线测温传感器，所述无线测温传感器用于测量所述隔离开关的导电温度。Further, the temperature detection unit includes a wireless temperature sensor, and the wireless temperature sensor is used to measure the conduction temperature of the isolating switch.
进一步地，所述位移检测单元包括位移传感器，所述位移传感器用于测量所述隔离开关分合的位移。Further, the displacement detection unit includes a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement of the opening and closing of the isolating switch.
进一步地，所述开关量检测单元包括开关量信号采集器，所述开关量信号采集器用于测量所述隔离开关的开关量。Further, the switching value detection unit includes a switching value signal collector, and the switching value signal collector is used to measure the switching value of the isolating switch.
进一步地，所述电流检测单元包括电流互感器，所述电流互感器用于测量所述电动机的电流。Further, the current detection unit includes a current transformer, and the current transformer is used to measure the current of the motor.
进一步地，所述转换模块包括模数转换单元和数光转换单元；Further, the conversion module includes an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a digital-to-optical conversion unit;
所述模数转换单元用于将所述检测模拟信号转化为检测数字信号；The analog-to-digital conversion unit is used to convert the detection analog signal into a detection digital signal;
所述数光转换单元用于将所述检测数字信号转化为检测光信号。The digital-to-light conversion unit is used to convert the detection digital signal into a detection light signal.
进一步地，所述集控端对接收到的所述检测光信号进行集中控制的过程具体包括：Further, the centralized control process of the centralized control terminal on the received detected optical signal specifically includes:
所述集控端判断所述温度光信号是否超过预设温度阈值；若是，则判断所述隔离开关发生故障；若否，则判断所述隔离开关的导电温度为正常；The centralized control terminal judges whether the temperature optical signal exceeds a preset temperature threshold; if so, judges that the isolating switch is faulty; if not, judges that the conductive temperature of the isolating switch is normal;
所述集控端比较所述位移光信号与预设位移基准值，以判断所述隔离开关的分合情况；所述预设位移基准值为使用位移传感器对调试合格的隔离开关由分到合或者由合到分的过程中采集到的多个连续的距离值；The centralized control terminal compares the displacement optical signal with the preset displacement reference value to judge the opening and closing of the isolating switch; Or a plurality of continuous distance values collected during the process of combining to dividing;
所述集控端比较所述电流光信号与预设电流基准值，以判断所述电动机传动的灵活性；所述预设电流基准值为使用电流互感器对调试合格的电动机运行中采集到的电流值；若所述集控端接收到的所述电流光信号为零，则判断所述电动机发生故障。The centralized control terminal compares the current light signal with the preset current reference value to judge the flexibility of the motor drive; the preset current reference value is collected during the operation of the debugged motor by using a current transformer Current value; if the current light signal received by the centralized control terminal is zero, it is judged that the motor is faulty.
进一步地，所述交换机通过光缆接入所述集控端。Further, the switch is connected to the centralized control terminal through an optical cable.
本发明解决上述技术问题的另一种技术方案如下：一种使用所述隔离开关在线检测系统进行检测的方法，包括以下步骤：Another technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a method for detecting using the disconnector on-line detection system includes the following steps:
步骤S1，采集所述电动机操动机构和所述隔离开关的检测模拟信号，所述检测模拟信号包括所述隔离开关的温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及所述电动机的电流模拟信号；Step S1, collect the detection analog signal of the motor operating mechanism and the isolating switch, the detection analog signal includes the temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and the current analog signal of the motor Signal;
步骤S2，将所述检测模拟信号最终转化为检测光信号；所述检测光信号包括所述隔离开关的温度光信号、位移光信号、开关量光信号以及所述电动机的电流光信号；Step S2, converting the detection analog signal into a detection light signal; the detection light signal includes a temperature light signal, a displacement light signal, a switch quantity light signal, and a current light signal of the motor;
步骤S3，对所述检测光信号进行集中控制。Step S3, performing centralized control on the detected optical signal.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明将采集到的信号转化为光信号，能够避免误动情况；1. The present invention converts the collected signal into an optical signal, which can avoid misoperation;
2、本发明采用光缆传输，能够避免因控制电缆绝缘问题造成的严重事故，同时，能够减少工程量，缩短施工工期，并且使用光缆进行的光纤通讯具有容量大、损耗低、抗干扰等突出优点；2. The present invention uses optical cable transmission, which can avoid serious accidents caused by control cable insulation problems. At the same time, it can reduce the amount of engineering and shorten the construction period, and the optical fiber communication using optical cables has outstanding advantages such as large capacity, low loss, and anti-interference ;
3、本发明的集控端和监控机能够实现对隔离开关和电动机操动机构的远程在线监控，能够实时监测到隔离开关和电动机操动机构的运行状况，具备较好的安全性和可靠性。3. The centralized control terminal and monitoring machine of the present invention can realize remote online monitoring of the isolating switch and the motor operating mechanism, and can monitor the operating conditions of the isolating switch and the motor operating mechanism in real time, with better safety and reliability .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例一所述隔离开关在线检测系统的结构图；FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an on-line detection system for a disconnector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例二所述隔离开关在线检测方法的流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the online detection method of the isolating switch according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例一所述隔离开关在线检测系统的结构图。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an on-line detection system for a disconnector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
如图1所示，一种隔离开关在线检测系统，包括电动机操动机构、隔离开关和在线检测装置；电动机操动机构包括电动机；在线检测装置包括检测模块、转换模块、交换机和集控端。As shown in Figure 1, a disconnector on-line detection system includes a motor operating mechanism, a disconnector and an online detection device; the motor operating mechanism includes a motor; the on-line detection device includes a detection module, a conversion module, a switch and a centralized control terminal.
检测模块用于采集电动机操动机构和隔离开关的检测模拟信号，检测模拟信号包括隔离开关的温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及电动机的电流模拟信号；其中，检测模块包括温度检测单元、位移检测单元、开关量检测单元和电流检测单元。The detection module is used to collect the detection analog signals of the motor operating mechanism and the isolating switch. The detection analog signals include the temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and motor current analog signal of the isolating switch; wherein, the detection module includes temperature detection unit, displacement detection unit, switch value detection unit and current detection unit.
温度检测单元用于采集隔离开关的温度模拟信号；温度检测单元包括无线测温传感器，无线测温传感器用于测量隔离开关的导电温度，无线测温传感器安装在隔离开关的动触头的触指接触面上，可以根据不同型号的隔离开关采用不同的安装方式，例如采用螺栓压接或捆绑式的安装方式，在线测温传感器可以对导电体的运行温度进行在线检测，因为无线测温传感器外壳为铝金属壳体，因此具备良好的导热性能，同时，铝外壳为封闭盒，其天线外壳采用耐高温树脂进行密封，具备防雨以及耐高温的功能。The temperature detection unit is used to collect the temperature analog signal of the isolation switch; the temperature detection unit includes a wireless temperature sensor, which is used to measure the conductive temperature of the isolation switch, and the wireless temperature sensor is installed on the contact finger of the movable contact of the isolation switch On the contact surface, different installation methods can be used according to different types of isolating switches, such as bolt crimping or binding installation. The online temperature sensor can detect the operating temperature of the conductor online, because the wireless temperature sensor shell It is an aluminum metal shell, so it has good thermal conductivity. At the same time, the aluminum shell is a closed box, and its antenna shell is sealed with high-temperature resistant resin, which has the functions of rainproof and high temperature resistance.
位移检测单元用于采集隔离开关的位移模拟信号；位移检测单元包括位移传感器，位移传感器用于测量隔离开关分合的位移。The displacement detection unit is used to collect the displacement analog signal of the disconnector; the displacement detection unit includes a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement of the disconnector.
开关量检测单元用于采集隔离开关的开关量模拟信号；开关量检测单元包括开关量信号采集器，开关量信号采集器用于测量隔离开关的开关量。The switching value detection unit is used to collect the switching value analog signal of the isolating switch; the switching value detecting unit includes a switching value signal collector, and the switching value signal collector is used to measure the switching value of the isolating switch.
电流检测单元用于采集电动机的电流模拟信号；电流检测单元包括电流互感器，电流互感器用于测量电动机的电流；其中电流互感器优选为穿心式电子式电流互感器，可以穿入电动机电源回路中。The current detection unit is used to collect the current analog signal of the motor; the current detection unit includes a current transformer, and the current transformer is used to measure the current of the motor; wherein the current transformer is preferably a feed-through electronic current transformer, which can penetrate into the motor power supply circuit middle.
上述温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及电流模拟信号可以通过无线或者有线的方式发送到转换模块。若为无线方式，则本发明的系统还包括一个无线接收模块，使所述转换模块能够无线接收到温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号或电流模拟信号。The temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and current analog signal can be sent to the conversion module in a wireless or wired manner. If it is wireless, the system of the present invention also includes a wireless receiving module, so that the conversion module can wirelessly receive temperature analog signals, displacement analog signals, switch value analog signals or current analog signals.
转换模块用于将检测模拟信号最终转化为检测光信号；并通过交换机发送给集控端；检测光信号包括隔离开关的温度光信号、位移光信号、开关量光信号以及电动机的电流光信号；转换模块主要为了将模拟信号转化成数字信号，然后将数字信号转化为光信号，因此，转换模块包括模数转换单元和数光转换单元；模数转换单元用于将检测模拟信号转化为检测数字信号；数光转换单元用于将检测数字信号转化为检测光信号。转化后的检测光信号传输能够避免误动作，保证操作的安全性和可靠性。其中交换机为以太网交换机，通过光缆接入集控端。使用光缆进行光纤通信，具有容量大、损耗低、抗干扰等突出优点，并且相较于控制电缆，在具体使用中，能够避免因控制电缆绝缘问题造成的严重事故，并且在安装时能够减少工程量，缩短施工工期。The conversion module is used to finally convert the detection analog signal into a detection light signal; and send it to the centralized control terminal through the switch; the detection light signal includes the temperature light signal of the isolating switch, the displacement light signal, the switch quantity light signal and the current light signal of the motor; The conversion module is mainly to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and then convert the digital signal into an optical signal. Therefore, the conversion module includes an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a digital-to-optical conversion unit; the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used to convert the detection analog signal into a detection digital signal. signal; the digital-to-optical conversion unit is used to convert the detection digital signal into a detection light signal. The converted detection optical signal transmission can avoid misoperation and ensure the safety and reliability of operation. The switch is an Ethernet switch, which is connected to the centralized control terminal through an optical cable. The use of optical cables for optical fiber communication has outstanding advantages such as large capacity, low loss, and anti-interference. Compared with control cables, in actual use, serious accidents caused by control cable insulation problems can be avoided, and engineering can be reduced during installation. quantity and shorten the construction period.
集控端用于对接收到的检测光信号进行集中控制。The centralized control terminal is used for centralized control of the received detection optical signal.
集控端对接收到的检测光信号进行集中控制的过程具体包括：集控端判断温度光信号是否超过预设温度阈值；若是，则判断隔离开关发生故障；若否，则判断隔离开关的导电温度为正常。The centralized control process of the centralized control terminal on the received detection optical signal specifically includes: the centralized control terminal judges whether the temperature optical signal exceeds the preset temperature threshold; if so, it judges that the isolating switch is faulty; The temperature is normal.
集控端比较位移光信号与预设位移基准值，以判断隔离开关的分合情况；其中，预设位移基准值为使用位移传感器对调试合格的隔离开关由分到合或者由合到分的过程中采集到的多个连续的距离值。在具体示例中，可以将连续的位移光信号与多个连续的位移基准值进行比较，从而判断出隔离开关是正在由分到各还是正在由合到分。The centralized control terminal compares the displacement light signal with the preset displacement reference value to judge the opening and closing of the isolating switch; among them, the preset displacement reference value uses the displacement sensor to switch from opening to closing or from closing to opening of the isolating switch that has passed the debugging. Multiple continuous distance values collected during the process. In a specific example, the continuous optical signal of displacement can be compared with a plurality of continuous displacement reference values, so as to determine whether the isolating switch is switching from switch to switch or switch from switch to switch.
集控端比较电流光信号与预设电流基准值，以判断电动机传动的灵活性；预设电流基准值为使用电流互感器对调试合格的电动机运行中采集到的电流值；在具体实例中，若电流光信号越接近电流基准值，说明电动机传动的灵活性越好，可靠性越高，反之，则电动机传动的灵活性和可靠性较差，若集控端接收到的电流光信号为零，则判断电动机发生故障。The centralized control terminal compares the current light signal with the preset current reference value to judge the flexibility of the motor drive; the preset current reference value is the current value collected during the operation of the debugged motor by using a current transformer; in a specific example, If the current optical signal is closer to the current reference value, it means that the flexibility and reliability of the motor drive are better, and on the contrary, the flexibility and reliability of the motor drive are poor. If the current optical signal received by the centralized control terminal is zero , it is judged that the motor is faulty.
本发明的系统还包括测控模块，用于存储预设温度阈值、预设位移基准值和预设电流基准值。The system of the present invention also includes a measurement and control module for storing preset temperature thresholds, preset displacement reference values and preset current reference values.
本发明的系统还包括监控机，所述检测光信号还可以通过光电转换器发送到监控机。The system of the present invention also includes a monitoring machine, and the detection optical signal can also be sent to the monitoring machine through a photoelectric converter.
图2为本发明实施例二所述隔离开关在线检测方法的流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the online detection method of the isolating switch according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
如图2所示，一种使用所述隔离开关在线检测系统进行检测的方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, a method for detecting using the isolating switch online detection system includes the following steps:
步骤S1，采集所述电动机操动机构和所述隔离开关的检测模拟信号，所述检测模拟信号包括所述隔离开关的温度模拟信号、位移模拟信号、开关量模拟信号以及所述电动机的电流模拟信号；Step S1, collect the detection analog signal of the motor operating mechanism and the isolating switch, the detection analog signal includes the temperature analog signal, displacement analog signal, switch value analog signal and the current analog signal of the motor Signal;
步骤S2，将所述检测模拟信号最终转化为检测光信号；所述检测光信号包括所述隔离开关的温度光信号、位移光信号、开关量光信号以及所述电动机的电流光信号；Step S2, converting the detection analog signal into a detection light signal; the detection light signal includes a temperature light signal, a displacement light signal, a switch quantity light signal, and a current light signal of the motor;
步骤S3，对所述检测光信号进行集中控制。Step S3, performing centralized control on the detected optical signal.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例一”、“实施例二”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体方法、装置或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、方法、装置或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "embodiment one", "embodiment two", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean specific methods described in conjunction with this embodiment or example , device or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, methods, devices or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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