CN105564459A - Seamless steel rail stress detection device and method based on ultrasonic guided waves and strain gauge - Google Patents
Seamless steel rail stress detection device and method based on ultrasonic guided waves and strain gauge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seamless steel rail stress detection device and method based on ultrasonic guided waves and a strain gauge. The device comprises guided wave group speed measurement probes, a guided wave emitting module, a guided wave receiving and data processing module, a strain sensor, a temperature sensor and a strain information processing module, wherein the probes, the strain sensor and the temperature sensor are distributed along the same steel rail, the probes and the temperature sensor are used for measuring a guided wave group speed value and a temperature value of the steel rail, the strain sensor is used for measuring a longitudinal strain value of the steel rail and measures a current strain value of the steel rail when the guided wave group speed value and the rail temperature meet a preset function relation with longitudinal stress being 0, the current strain value is taken as an initial value of the system, the rail temperature meeting the function is taken as a locked rail temperature, the temperature sensor and the strain sensor measure real-time temperature and real-time strain in actual measurement of the longitudinal stress, the real-time strain and the initial value of the system are compared, steel rail length change is obtained, the real-time temperature and the locked rail temperature are compared, then temperature change is obtained, and accordingly, a longitudinal stress value is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway detection technique field, particularly, relate to gapless rail stress mornitoring, more specifically, relate to a kind of gapless rail longitudinal stress detecting device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge (strain sensor) and method.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of China Express Railway, this novel track structure of continuously welded rail track obtains extensive utilization, continuously welded rail track eliminates rail gap, make train operation more steady, running velocity is faster, the high speed rail train operation speed of runing at present has exceeded 300km/h, so high road speed, proposes new challenge for safety of railway traffic.
Due to the disappearance of continuously welded rail track rail gap, rail cannot when temperature change free-extension, according to Hooke's law calculate known, the temperature of gapless line often changes 1 DEG C relative to fastening down temperature of rail, in rail non-breathing zone longitudinal stress change be about 2.5MPa.When rail temperature rangeability is very large, inner by producing larger temperature stress at rail, directly affect the safe in operation of track traffic.In the non-breathing zone of continuously welded rail track, rail shift invariant and produce temperature stress when temperature traverse, owing to there is this phenomenon producing stress without distortion, adds the complexity of onsite application environment, just makes continuously welded rail track stress mornitoring become very difficult.
The method measuring gapless line temperature stress mainly contains: observe stake method, demarcate rail regular way, laterally add force method, strain gauge method, fibre grating method, Barkhausen's method, x-ray method and supersonic method etc., introduce supersonic method and strain sensor here.
Super sonic has very strong penetrating capacity, good directivity is had when interior of articles is propagated, based on these advantages, super sonic is all widely used in multiple fields of non-destructive test, adopt ultrasonic testing rail stress, what utilize is Sound elasticity principle, and when namely super sonic is propagated in the elastomer, velocity of wave can along with elastomeric STRESS VARIATION generation subtle change.Up to now, acoustic elasticity technology Application comparison maturation is the measurement of bolt stress.In the non-destructive test meeting of the 1979 Nian Jiujie worlds, Japan, Poland just describe the method for ultrasonic measurement bolt stress.Afterwards, Germany, the U.S., Hungary have developed the stress determination instrument of commercialization application successively.Calendar year 2001, Tongji University have developed ripple axial stress in bolt detector in length and breadth, and the bolt stress that this instrument can be measured in installation process can measure again binding bolt stress.Supersonic method measures internal rail stress value by measuring super sonic changing value of propagation speed in rail, ultrasonic velocity is not only by the impact of rail stress, also relevant with the temperature of rail, therefore need the 2-D data storehouse setting up rail temperature, internal stress and ultrasonic velocity, staking-out work is very complicated.
Therefore, a kind of needs is there is in prior art, need to set up the apparatus and method that a kind of more convenient and quicker measures gapless rail internal temperature stress, it simplifies the calibration process of temperature and supersonic guide-wave group velocity, no longer limits the installation of strain sensor and the Measuring Time of initial value.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, propose the present invention.The present invention is a kind of seamless track steel rail stress mornitoring method supersonic guide-wave technology and strain sensing detection technique combined.Need to set up complicated two-dimensional calibrations data bank for supersonic guide-wave technology for detection rail stress, stress method detection rail stress needs are installed before gapless line construction locking, the problem of initial value is measured while construction locking, supersonic guide-wave technology and strain sensor measurement technique are combined, have developed technical scheme of the present invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress based on supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor, described device comprises guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, guided wave transmitter module, guided wave receives and data processing module, strain sensor, temperature sensor and strain information processing module, wherein, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, described strain sensor and described temperature sensor are arranged along same rail, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde and temperature sensor are configured to guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature value of measuring rail to be measured, described strain sensor is configured to the longitudinal strain value measuring rail to be measured, described strain sensor be configured to further when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature value meet corresponding to rail longitudinal stress be 0 one set up in advance functional relation time measure the current strain value of described rail, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of described functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail, described temperature sensor and strain sensor are configured in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, measure the real-time temperature values of described rail and real-time strain value further, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, described real-time temperature values is compared with described fastening down temperature of rail the temperature change value obtaining described rail, the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail is obtained according to the length varying value of described rail and temperature change value.
Further, the foundation of the described functional relation between guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature comprises: in certain temperature range, functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, the longitudinal stress value being in the rail under free state described in is regarded as 0.
Further, a) being obtained the real time temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described real time temperature; B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail; C) obtain according to the length varying value of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail.
Further, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail comprises: group velocity a) being obtained guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail; B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0; C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus; D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail; E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus, and α is rail linear expansion factor.Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
Further, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde comprises guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer, described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, be provided with two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method of inspection of the gapless rail longitudinal stress based on supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor, described method comprises the steps:
1) in certain temperature range, the functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, described in the longitudinal stress value of rail that is under free state be regarded as 0;
2) after described rail is installed on circuit, by guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature of guided wave group velocity measuring sonde and temperature sensor measurement rail to be measured, when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature meet set up functional relation, the current strain value of described rail is measured by strain sensor, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of set up functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail;
3) in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, the real-time strain value of described rail is measured by described strain sensor, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail.
Further, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail comprises:
A) being obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described Current Temperatures;
B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail;
C) measure according to the length variations of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
Further, the step measuring the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length variations of described rail comprises:
A) obtained the group velocity of guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail;
B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0;
C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail;
D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail;
E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail; Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
Further, described certain temperature range is: the minimum temperature of range of temperatures is lower 15 DEG C than the geographic position annual lowest temperature residing for described gapless rail, and the highest temperature of range of temperatures is higher 35 DEG C than the geographic position annual highest temperature residing for described gapless rail.
Further, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde comprises guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer, described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, be provided with two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.
By technique scheme of the present invention, set up the apparatus and method that a kind of more convenient and quicker measures gapless rail internal temperature stress, it is by combining supersonic guide-wave technology and strain sensing detection technique, simplify the calibration process of temperature and supersonic guide-wave group velocity, no longer limit the installation of strain sensor and the Measuring Time of initial value, achieve for the longitudinal stress in gapless rail in real time and measure accurately, ensure that the safe, reliable of railway operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Understand the present invention to make those skilled in the art know that and can the present invention be implemented, the accompanying drawing forming a specification sheets part is provided, but can not be interpreted as that all features shown in accompanying drawing are all that to realize the technique effect of the application necessary.The scope that comprises of the application does not limit by accompanying drawing, and the scope that comprises of the application limited by claims.
Fig. 1 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the overall installation schematic diagram of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 2 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the structural representation of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 3 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the guided wave Probe arrangement figure of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 4 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the schematic diagram of the method for inspection of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 5 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress and the guided wave transmitter module functional block diagram of method of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 6 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress and the guided wave receiver module functional block diagram of method of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor;
Fig. 7 shows the diagram according to an embodiment of the invention based on supersonic guide-wave and the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress of strain sensor and the principle of the strain/temperature information processing module of method.
Detailed description of the invention
Introduce exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.There is provided the object of these exemplary embodiments to be make those of ordinary skill in the art to be expressly understood the present invention, and according to description here, can the present invention be realized.The drawings and specific embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and scope of the present invention limited by claims.
With reference to Fig. 1-3, show according to an embodiment of the invention based on the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor.Particularly, Fig. 1 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the overall installation schematic diagram of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor; Fig. 2 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the structural representation of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor; Fig. 3 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the guided wave Probe arrangement figure of the detecting device of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor.
Detecting device according to the gapless rail longitudinal stress based on supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor provided by the invention comprises guided wave group velocity measuring sonde 10, guided wave transmitter module 20, guided wave receives and data processing module 30, strain sensor 40, temperature sensor 50 and strain information processing module 60, wherein, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde 10, described strain sensor 40 and described temperature sensor 50 are arranged along same rail 100, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde 10 and temperature sensor 50 are configured to guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature value of measuring rail 100 to be measured, described strain sensor 40 is configured to the longitudinal strain value measuring rail to be measured, described strain sensor 40 be configured to further when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature value meet corresponding to rail longitudinal stress be 0 one set up in advance functional relation time measure the current strain value of described rail 100, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of described functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail, described temperature sensor 50 and strain sensor 40 are configured in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, measure the real-time temperature values of described rail 100 and real-time strain value further, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, described real-time temperature values is compared with described fastening down temperature of rail the temperature change value obtaining described rail, the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail is obtained according to the length varying value of described rail 100 and temperature change value.
Particularly, with reference to Fig. 1, this device mainly comprises guided wave transmitting/receiving probe, guided wave transmitter module, guided wave receive and data processing module, strain sensor, temperature sensor, strain information processing module.Guided wave transmitting/receiving probe, strain sensor, temperature sensor are arranged along the line along same single rail.Guided wave transmitter module produces HT waveform signal, be connected by BNC line with transmitting probe, excitation ultrasound signal, installs two receiving transducers in transmitting probe side, guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal of receiving transducer and drawn guided wave group velocity.Strain information processing module receives strain/temperature sensor value, obtains the strain/temperature information of rail.Guided wave transmitter module, strain information processing module, guided wave receive and are all fixedly mounted in closed case with data processing module.
Preferably, the foundation of the described functional relation between guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature is as follows:
The generation of welded rail temperature stress, owing to cannot cause by free-extension when rail temperature changes.If the rail two ends that length is L are subject to rigid support constraint, can not produce displacement along with the change of rail temperature, then its inside will produce temperature stress, have according to Hooke's law:
σ
t＝EαΔt(1)
In formula (1), E is Young's modulus, and get 210GPa, α is linear expansion factor, gets 1.18 × 10-5/ DEG C.From formula (1), the temperature of gapless line changes 1 DEG C relative to fastening down temperature of rail, longitudinal stress change 2.478MPa [1] in rail non-breathing zone, if rail temperature change 50 DEG C, then rail internal stress is changed to 123.9MPa.The CHN60 rail generally adopted for domestic high ferro, its sectional area is 77.47cm2, if rail temperature change 50 DEG C, the temperature stress produced in rail inside will reach 960KN.The temperature stress that visible continuously welded rail track gapless line bears is more much bigger than common rail, when temperature stress exceed rail bear limit time, will release energy in region that is little at fastener resistance or roadbed condition difference, when compression effort is excessive, rail expansion, runway can occur; When tensile stress is excessive, disconnected rail can be there is.
sound elasticity principle
When internal rail stress changes, also can there is small change in the ultrasonic velocity propagated therein, Here it is Sound elasticity principle.Experiment proves, when the inner tensile stress of rail increases, the ultrasonic velocity of its internal communication can reduce, and when compression effort increases, velocity of wave can increase.When measuring ultrasonic velocity, usually getting the rail of a segment length, calculating the time difference that super sonic passes through.When internal rail stress changes, the change of ultrasonic propagation time can be expressed as
t-t
0＝Bσ(2)
In formula: t
0for the interval travel time of super sonic when rail free state; T is the interval travel time of super sonic when rail application of stress; B is sonic elastic modulus; σ is internal rail stress.
supersonic guide-wave technology
Stress detection based on ultrasonic acoustic elastic effect has had at present to be applied more widely, when this method is based on stress changes, the principle that hypracoustic propagation speed also changes thereupon, its reflection be STRESS VARIATION situation on ultrasonic wave propagation path, cannot the steady component of stress of test material inside.And to work what determine impact for continuously welded rail track expansion rail track be not longitudinal force value on a certain rail section, but the longitudinal force value within the scope of certain length, adopt supersonic guide-wave to replace conventional ultrasound bulk wave, the detection to rail inside mean temperature stress can be realized.Supersonic guide-wave is a kind of special super sonic, and it, when waveguide medium internal communication, can cover the cross-sectional plane of whole object to be detected, affects little by Rail Surface unrelieved stress, therefore can reflect the temperature stress situation of change of whole material internal.
supersonic guide-wave measures Railroad's Temperature Stress
Based on supersonic guide-wave commercial measurement rail internal temperature stress, be according to Sound elasticity principle, namely there is small change in supersonic guide-wave group velocity along with the change of rail stress.The propagation speed of supersonic guide-wave is not only relevant with stress, and also relevant with rail temperature, when rail temperature changes, guided wave group velocity also changes thereupon, therefore needs to carry out temperature compensating to result of a measurement, could realize the Measurement accuracy of rail stress.Can temperature compensating be realized by the 2-D data storehouse setting up rail temperature, stress and guided wave group velocity, according to the result of a measurement of temperature, guided wave group velocity, search 2-D data storehouse, the stress value of current rail inside can be obtained.
For rail temperature variation range be :-40 DEG C-60 DEG C, when after rail fastening down, rail temperature often changes 1 DEG C, its internal stress about changes 2.5MPa, when rail temperature is at [-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C] interval change time, internal rail stress about changes 250MPa, therefore need to set up range of temperatures [-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C], stress range [-125MPa, 125MPa] two-dimensional calibrations data bank, in calibration process, need to change rail temperature, also will while maintenance be temperature-resistant, change the internal stress of rail, the group velocity angle value of guided waves propagation is gathered at links, therefore, the process of establishing of whole data bank will be very loaded down with trivial details, some data even cannot obtain.Therefore, obtaining the nominal data storehouse of guided wave group velocity and rail temperature, stress, is the key based on supersonic guide-wave measurement Railroad's Temperature Stress.
strain sensor measures Railroad's Temperature Stress
Strain gauge method is the relative change by monitoring strain sensor, extrapolates the variable quantity of rail length, thus obtains the stress value of current rail inside.
One segment length is that the rail of L is shelved on cylinder, if the friction coefficient f of cylinder is zero, when rail temperature is changed to Δ t, then the free-extension amount Δ L of rail is
ΔL＝αΔtL
In formula, the linear expansion factor of α---rail steel, the rail α value of different chemical composition is variant, such as, alternatively, gets α=1.18 × 10
-5/ DEG C.
If the rail two ends that length is L are subject to non-yielding prop constraint, displacement Δ L can not be produced along with the change of rail temperature, mean that rail produces the virtual deformation of Δ L, thus its inner generation temperature stress.Obtained by Hook's law:
In formula, the modulus of elasticity of E---rail steel, the rail E value of different chemical composition is also variant, such as, alternatively, gets E=2.1 × 10
5mPa;
ε
t---during temperature traverse, the virtual strain that rail produces.
From strength of material, temperature stress is different with mechanical strees, and its force body is supporting and constraint, but not other outer Force system, what temperature stress effect produced is virtual strain and non-solid strains, therefore rail is once locking, along with the change of temperature, do not produce displacement and produce temperature stress.
What strain sensor was measured is the variable quantity of rail length, therefore the initial value of rail strain sensor when zero stress must be known, this just requires, must, before gapless line construction locking, adopt point welder that strain sensor and rail temperature rail temperature sensor are welded in web of the rail surface, while construction locking, the initial value of record strain sensor and rail temperature, by each result of a measurement, and initial value compares, and is converted into current rail longitudinal force.This just proposes harsher technical requirements to in-site installation and enforcement, and a lot of scene cannot meet these conditions, and this also constrains the application of Strain Method and popularizes.
Preferably, the foundation of the described functional relation between guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature comprises: in certain temperature range, functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, the longitudinal stress value being in the rail under free state described in is regarded as 0.
As an example, when rail is in free state, by measuring Rail temperature at [-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C] in scope, under different temperatures, the group velocity angle value of supersonic guide-wave in rail, sets up the demarcation array of Rail temperature and guided wave group velocity, that is: rail temperature T=[-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C], 1 DEG C, temperature survey interval, totally 101 measuring points, each temperature point, measuring the guided wave group velocity angle value obtained is v, v ∈ [v1, v2 ..., v101].
In actual measurement, stress value can being measured as follows: real time temperature a) being obtained described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described real time temperature; B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail; C) obtain according to the length varying value of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail.
Particularly, as an example, by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, it is interval that strain sensor and temperature sensor are arranged on same rail, set-up time is unrestricted, after installation, carry out weather-proof Real-Time Monitoring, rail temperature often changes 1 DEG C, measure a guided wave group velocity angle value, search demarcation array, if a certain group of data of current group velocity observed reading and rail temperature value and demarcation array are completely the same, then current rail temperature and fastening down temperature of rail, at this temperature, internal rail stress is zero, now, record the value of current strain sensor, the i.e. system initial value of strain sensor, both the real time on-line monitoring of Railroad's Temperature Stress can have been realized according to this initial value.
Preferably, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail can comprise: group velocity a) being obtained guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail; B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0; C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus; D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail; E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus, and α is rail linear expansion factor.Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
Preferably, with reference to Fig. 3, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde 10 comprises guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer (Fig. 1), described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, be provided with two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.As an example, in figure 3, ultrasonic probe is arranged along seamless track steel rail, and on single rail, a transmitting probe and two receiving transducers form an interval, and interval range is greater than 1km.Supersonic guide-wave transmitter module produces high-voltage pulse signal, is connected, excitation ultrasound signal with ultrasonic probe, centered by shot point, propagates, respectively install two receiving transducers in transmitting probe side to rail fore-and-aft direction.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of method of inspection of the gapless rail longitudinal stress based on supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor is provided, with reference to Fig. 4-7, particularly, Fig. 4 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the schematic diagram of the method for inspection of the gapless rail longitudinal stress of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor; Fig. 5 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress and the guided wave transmitter module functional block diagram of method of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor; Fig. 6 shows according to an embodiment of the invention based on the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress and the guided wave receiver module functional block diagram of method of supersonic guide-wave and strain sensor; Fig. 7 shows the diagram according to an embodiment of the invention based on supersonic guide-wave and the detecting device of gapless rail longitudinal stress of strain sensor and the principle of the strain/temperature information processing module of method.
Described method comprises the steps:
1) in certain temperature range, the functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, described in the longitudinal stress value of rail that is under free state be regarded as 0;
2) after described rail is installed on circuit, by guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature of guided wave group velocity measuring sonde and temperature sensor measurement rail to be measured, when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature meet set up functional relation, the current strain value of described rail is measured by strain sensor, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of set up functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail;
3) in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, the real-time strain value of described rail is measured by described strain sensor, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail.
Whole testing process is divided into 3 stages, first, free state rail is installed guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, measure Rail temperature at [-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C] in scope, under different temperatures, the group velocity angle value of supersonic guide-wave in rail, sets up the demarcation array of Rail temperature and guided wave group velocity, that is: rail temperature T=[-40 DEG C, 60 DEG C], 1 DEG C, temperature survey interval, totally 101 measuring points, each temperature point, measuring the guided wave group velocity angle value obtained is v, v ∈ [v1, v2,, v101].Secondly, real-world operation circuit is installed guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, strain sensor and temperature sensor, set-up time is unrestricted, after installation, carry out weather-proof Real-Time Monitoring, rail temperature often changes 1 DEG C, measure a guided wave group velocity angle value, search demarcation array, if rail temperature value and guided wave group velocity angle value [T, v] with demarcate a certain group of data [Tn of array, vn] completely the same, then current rail temperature T and fastening down temperature of rail, at this temperature, internal rail stress is zero, now, record the value of current strain sensor, the i.e. system initial value of strain sensor.Finally, record strain sensor value also compares with its system initial value and draws rail length variations amount, can calculate rail stress, and then realize the real time on-line monitoring of Railroad's Temperature Stress.
Preferably, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail can comprise:
A) being obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described Current Temperatures;
B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail;
C) measure according to the length variations of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail
Preferably, the step measuring the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length variations of described rail can comprise:
A) obtained the group velocity of guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail;
B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0;
C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail;
D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail;
E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail; Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
Preferably, in an example, certain temperature range can set as follows: the minimum temperature of range of temperatures can be arranged to 15 ° Cs lower than the geographic position annual lowest temperature residing for described gapless rail, and the highest temperature of range of temperatures can be arranged to higher 35 DEG C than the geographic position annual highest temperature residing for described gapless rail.
Preferably, in method of inspection according to the present invention, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde can comprise guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer, described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal are installed in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.
Fig. 5 shows guided wave transmitter module functional block diagram, and wherein, transmitter module is controlled by timer, and control interface is Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal, after signal isolation, control pulse-width modulation circuit.System adopts 12V/24V LVPS to power, produce high potential through high pressure generator, for pulse modulated circuit provides high tension supply, pulse modulated circuit is after receiving the energizing signal that timer sends, produce the high pressure after modulation, excitation ultrasonic probe produces guided wave signals.
Fig. 6 shows guided wave receiver module functional block diagram, illustrated therein is ultrasonic guided wave signals and enter AD conversion chip after difference isolation, carry out synchronous acquisition two-way Received signal strength, through Serial Port Transmission to computing machine, obtain guided wave group velocity after process by FPGA.
Fig. 7 shows strain/temperature information processing module schematic diagram, illustrated therein is wireless communication module and rail strain/temperature value is transferred to computing machine, can at remote monitor and control rail strain/temperature variation.
By above-described each embodiment of the present invention, achieve the Advantageous Effects being better than prior art, such as, the present invention has following advantage compared with other conventional rail stress mornitoring methods: real time recording strain sensor value, obtain the real-time state of stress of rail, achieve the real time on-line monitoring of Railroad's Temperature Stress; Railroad's Temperature Stress value is calculated by the value of strain sensor.Compared with observing stake method, demarcating rail regular way, result of a measurement is more accurate; Compared with supersonic guide-wave method, only need set up the demarcation array of Rail temperature and guided wave group velocity.Calibration process is simpler; Compared with Strain Method, no longer limit the set-up time of strain sensor, field erected technical requirements is lower, and installation process is more convenient.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the gapless rail stress detection device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge, it is characterized in that, described device comprises guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, guided wave transmitter module, guided wave receives and data processing module, strain sensor, temperature sensor and strain information processing module, wherein, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, described strain sensor and described temperature sensor are arranged along same rail, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde and temperature sensor are configured to guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature value of measuring rail to be measured, described strain sensor is configured to the longitudinal strain value measuring rail to be measured, described strain sensor be configured to further when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature value meet corresponding to rail longitudinal stress be 0 one set up in advance functional relation time measure the current strain value of described rail, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of described functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail, described temperature sensor and strain sensor are configured in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, measure the real-time temperature values of described rail and real-time strain value further, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, described real-time temperature values is compared with described fastening down temperature of rail the temperature change value obtaining described rail, the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail is obtained according to the length varying value of described rail and temperature change value.
2. the gapless rail stress detection device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the foundation of the described functional relation between guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature comprises: in certain temperature range, functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, the longitudinal stress value being in the rail under free state described in is regarded as 0.
3. the gapless rail stress detection device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
A) being obtained the real time temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described real time temperature;
B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail;
C) obtain according to the length varying value of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail.
4. the gapless rail stress detection device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail comprises: group velocity a) being obtained guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail;
B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0;
C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus;
D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail;
E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is rail Young's modulus, and α is rail linear expansion factor.Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
5. the gapless rail stress detection device based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde comprises guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer, described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal are installed in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.
6., based on a gapless rail stress mornitoring method for supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
1) in certain temperature range, the functional relation between the group velocity angle value v of supersonic guide-wave and rail temperature T is set up to the rail be under free state, wherein, described in the longitudinal stress value of rail that is under free state be regarded as 0;
2) after described rail is installed on circuit, by guided wave group velocity angle value and the rail temperature of guided wave group velocity measuring sonde and temperature sensor measurement rail to be measured, when guided wave group velocity angle value and rail temperature meet set up functional relation, the current strain value of described rail is measured by strain sensor, as system initial value, and will the rail temperature of set up functional relation be met as fastening down temperature of rail;
3) in the actual measurement of rail longitudinal stress, the real-time strain value of described rail is measured by described strain sensor, described real-time strain value and described system initial value are compared the length varying value obtaining described rail, obtains the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail.
7. the gapless rail stress mornitoring method based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the step obtaining the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length varying value of described rail comprises:
A) being obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtaining temperature change value △ t by being compared with described fastening down temperature of rail by described Current Temperatures;
B) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail;
C) measure according to the length variations of described rail the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
8. the gapless rail stress mornitoring method based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the step measuring the real-time longitudinal stress value of described rail according to the length variations of described rail comprises:
A) obtained the group velocity of guided wave by guided wave group velocity measuring sonde, obtained the temperature of described rail by temperature sensor, set up the functional relation between supersonic guide-wave group velocity angle value v and temperature T under described rail;
B) described functional relation is compared with the functional relation under free state rail the fastening down temperature of rail obtaining rail, obtained the strain value ε under described fastening down temperature of rail by strain sensor
0;
C) current strain value ε is obtained by strain sensor
t, by equation σ '=E (ε
t-ε
0) obtain the longitudinal stress σ ' that described rail discharged, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail;
D) obtained the Current Temperatures of described rail by temperature sensor, obtain temperature change value △ t compared with described fastening down temperature of rail;
E) by equation σ
t=E α Δ t obtains the theoretical temperatures stress σ of described rail
t, wherein, E is the Young's modulus of rail, and α is the linear expansion factor of rail; Pass through σ
t-σ ' obtains the real-time longitudinal stress of described rail.
9. the gapless rail stress mornitoring method based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described certain temperature range is: the minimum temperature of range of temperatures is lower 15 DEG C than the geographic position annual lowest temperature residing for described gapless rail, and the highest temperature of range of temperatures is higher 35 DEG C than the geographic position annual highest temperature residing for described gapless rail.
10. the gapless rail stress mornitoring method based on supersonic guide-wave and strain-gauge according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described guided wave group velocity measuring sonde comprises guided wave transmitting probe and guided wave receiving transducer, described guided wave transmitter module is connected with described guided wave transmitting probe and is configured to utilize the HT waveform signal produced to send ultrasonic signal to excite described guided wave transmitting probe, wherein, two the guided wave receiving transducers receiving described ultrasonic signal are installed in the side of described guided wave transmitting probe, described guided wave reception is carried out process with data processing module to the ultrasonic signal that described guided wave receiving transducer receives and is drawn guided wave group velocity.
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