CN105555298A - 胚胎植入 - Google Patents
胚胎植入 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105555298A CN105555298A CN201480052022.0A CN201480052022A CN105555298A CN 105555298 A CN105555298 A CN 105555298A CN 201480052022 A CN201480052022 A CN 201480052022A CN 105555298 A CN105555298 A CN 105555298A
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过在受精或胚胎植入之前提供免疫许可的子宫环境,改善雌性中胚胎植入的成功率和怀孕率的成功率的方法和组合物,所述组合物包括细胞因子。本发明的方法用于使得子宫更易于接受或较不排斥,例如,转移的胚胎、精子或其他异源移植的组织。
Description
本发明涉及通过在受精或胚胎植入之前提供免疫许可的子宫环境,改善雌性中胚胎植入的成功率和妊娠成功率方法和组合物。本发明的方法用于使得子宫更易于接受或较不排斥,例如,转移的胚胎、精子或其他异源移植的组织。本发明尤其也包括用于本发明的方法的组合物和制剂。
背景
子宫环境,其如果是排斥的/非接收的,可造成人类和动物等中良好质量胚胎的差植入率。拒信,从失败的植入和自然流产角度,不适当的致敏子宫环境也可能是繁殖障碍的许多病例的原因。类似地,子宫致敏障碍被视为人类中妊娠并发症,比如先兆子痫和通过阻止适当的胎盘发育的胎儿生长受限的病因。
基因改变或修饰的动物提供了用于体内测试新的基因和药物疗法的有价值的模型,并且是在过去十年中动物实验的数量逐渐增加的主要原因。在英国,与1995年相比,在2011年使用基因修饰的动物进行的许多科学程序超过四倍。基因修饰的动物的使用现在代表在动物上超过50%的所有科学程序。使用的最大类别是饲养(以产生基因修饰的动物),仅2012年在英国啮齿动物占几乎180万个程序,该数量的背景趋势是每年增加。啮齿动物中的胚胎转移支撑了转基因方法的发展、具体品系的再衍生,并且促进动物系跨长距离的转运。典型地,胚胎转移需要在受体雌性中诱导假妊娠。该现象准备了用于植入胚胎的子宫,但是,尽管诱导假妊娠,转移基因修饰的胚胎的成功率仍相对较低。
小鼠是自发排卵的并且在发情期之后可假妊娠,其中在发情期中雌性与遗传上不育的雄性比如可获得自HarlanLaboratoriesInc的T145H-Re品系(其由于染色体易位是不育的)或结扎输精管的雄性交配。两组雄性都射出没有功能精子的精浆。但是,遗传上不育的和结扎输精管的小鼠都相对昂贵。在结扎输精管的雄性的情况下,不育不能确保100%有效并且需要测试每个雄性,而产生遗传上不育的雄性产生了不需要的过剩雌性。
可选地,假妊娠可通过由用人工机械刺激模拟交配获得的正常的阴道刺激诱导,例如通过振动的刻纹工具(engravingtool)(Kenney等;JReprod.Fert.1977,49,305-309)。发现进入的次数和速度对繁殖成功具有重要作用(Diamond;Science,1970,169,4,995-997)。尽管该方法已经在大鼠和小鼠中有一些成功,但是机械刺激对诱导金地鼠(GoldenHamster)的假妊娠没有作用(Diamond等J.Reprod.Fert.1968,17,165-168)。当雌性和不育的雄性交配或机械刺激时,黄体持续而没有胚胎,导致假妊娠。雌性在假妊娠状态下,将使乳腺发育,分泌乳汁(lactate)和筑巢。需要改善诱导实验室测试动物的假妊娠状态的方法。
尽管用于在许多啮齿动物物种中胚胎转移的方案是相对成熟的,但是它们较差的优化意味着存在大量的动物损耗,其在全世界动物单位中造成许多经济和伦理问题。现有技术标准方法目前依靠使受体雌性与结扎输精管的雄性交配以诱导假妊娠,而不是机械刺激,其中交配活动和精液暴露于母体的生殖系(reproductivetract)触发神经内分泌和涉及复杂的细胞因子级联的局部的(主要位于子宫)炎症应答和准备在子宫中产生免疫许可环境的前列腺素介导的事件,从而利于胚胎植入前的发育和/或胚泡植入和建立妊娠。即使在没有受精的情况下,支持黄体发育和孕酮产生,并且母体的生理机能协同使得子宫易于接受转移的胚胎多达10-13天。该技术常规用于支持正常的(冷藏保存品系再生/再衍生)或基因修饰的(转基因/嵌合/克隆的)胚胎的发育。
但是,该方法的效力是受限的。典型地,为了该程序,与怀孕的那些雌性相比,准备了四倍多的雌性。当植入新鲜的或冷冻的胚胎时,这表示大量有价值的生物材料和努力的耗费。而且,伴随着前瞻性受体,也需要维持大量年幼的结扎输精管的雄性:这些一周可仅仅交配2-3次并且通常每6-9个月更换,以便维持性能。
交配主要在当受体雌性在发情期时进行。在小鼠和大鼠中,发情周期持续4-5天(等同于女人平均28天的月经周期),其导致需要依靠大量潜在的受体雌性,以参与潜在的与结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育的雄性的交配。典型地,在随机循环群体中,75%的受体不在发情期,导致保持大量的雌性和结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育的雄性,并且在前者的情况下,通常不用作代孕者(surrogate),以便保证足够数量的受体用于定时转移。这在待转移的胚胎非常有价值的情况下尤其明显。该方法的改良已经依靠经受体雌性中惠顿效应(Whitteneffect)的定时发情期诱导。该策略依靠信息素刺激(pheremonalstimulation)受体雌性,其通常使得它们暴露于种畜雄性的尿-污染的草垫之后3天进入发情期。但是,在信息素暴露时雌性的周期阶段、受体与种畜笼子的距离和受体的年龄都可能对于该方法的可靠性有不利影响,使得其相对效率低下。
在正确时间雌性处在发情期(接受交配的)的几率是1:4,原因是它们周期的长度(4天)。因此,如果需要4个受体,16个雌性将与16个雄性交配,其转化成25%的成功率。但一些雌性拒绝与它们的同伴交配时,该数字可能甚至更低。关键是尽管大部分饲养员选择在发情期的雌性,或在与不育雄性交配之前诱导发情期,但是仍仅仅相对较低百分数(通常约50%-但是在一些场所中低至15%)的发情期雌性被‘交配(plugged)’并且如此认为是假妊娠。此外,雌性作为胚胎转移受体,也具有数月龄非常有限的功能寿命。雌性随着它们成熟,快速积聚腹部脂肪,使得腹部手术胚胎转移(最常用和成功的方法)技术上太过有挑战性。
通过本发明的组合物和方法,可以想到对于结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育雄性小鼠的需要可明显下降,以及显著减少雌性小鼠的使用。
本发明的目的是从阳性妊娠角度和/或人工或自然受精之后或移植新鲜的或冷冻的或以其他方式保存的胚胎之后增加的幼崽数量角度提高哺乳雌性的怀孕率。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种物质组合物,其包括选自下述的任何一种、两种、三种或四种细胞因子:TNF-α、TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES,所述组合物用于提高怀孕率和/或用于降低母体针对精液/精子或胚胎或其他异源移植组织的同种异体反应性和/或用于在胚胎植入之前或受精之前在雌性中提供免疫许可的子宫环境。
因此,组合物可包括TNF-α与TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES的一种或多种,或TGFβ与嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES的一种或多种,或嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,组合物可包括选自下述的细胞因子的任何两种、三种或四种的组合:TNF-α、TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES。将认识到,因此本发明的组合物可包括2至4种选自上述列举的指定细胞因子的许多不同组合。
优选地,IL-12是IL-12p40或IL-12p70。
优选地,MIP是MIP-1a或MIP-1b。
优选地,组合物进一步包括选自下述的任何一种、两种、三种、四种、五种或六种另外的细胞因子:IL-12、MCP-1、MIP、IL-17、IL-9和GM-CSF。因此,作为示意性例子,本发明的组合物可以是TNF-α与TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES的一种或多种,以及IL-12、MCP-1、MIP、IL-17、IL-9和GM-CSF的一种或多种。在本发明的范围内,提供了指定细胞因子的许多具体组合,用于诱导子宫更易于接受或较不排斥转移的胚胎、精子或其他异源移植的组织。
所以,本发明的组合物可包括不同的多种细胞因子,因为认识到精液中高浓度的特定细胞因子未必反映它们的生物显著性。
优选地,组合物进一步包括选自下述的任何一种或多种的另外的细胞因子:IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-1ra、IL-2ra、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL10、1L-13、IL-15、IL-16、IL-18、FGF、G-CSF、IFN-α2、IFN-γ、IP-10、PDGF、VEGF、CTACK、KC、GROα、HGF、ICAM-1、LIF、MCP-3、M-CSF、MIF、MIG、β-NGF、SCF、SCGF-β、SDF-1α、TNF-β、TRAIL和VCAM-1。
本发明的组合物选自下述细胞因子:
(i)选自下述的任何一种、两种、三种或四种细胞因子:TNF-α、TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES;和任选地选自下述的一种或多种另外的细胞因子;
(ii)IL-12、MCP-1、MIPIL-17、IL-9和GM-CSF和任选地选自下述的进一步另外的细胞因子;
(iii)IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-1ra、IL-2ra、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL10、1L-13、IL-15、IL-16、IL-18、FGF、G-CSF、IFN-α2、IFN-γ、IP-10、PDGF、VEGF、CTACK、KC、GROα、HGF、ICAM-1、瘦蛋白、LIF、MCP-3、M-CSF、MIF、MIG、β-NGF、SCF、SCGF-β、SDF-1α、TNF-β、TRAILVGEF和VCAM-1。
认识到,本发明的组合物可包括最少2种和最多41种细胞因子或之间的任何数量。
下面表1列举了本发明中提及的细胞因子的首字母缩写:
本发明依赖于利用促进子宫接受性的精液试剂的性质和依赖于为结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育雄性提供了化学物理备选方案,优选地为阴道进入物的形式,比如阴道栓剂、凝胶、喷雾或结合任何其他可溶解的载体。
本发明,有利地,考虑到对于转基因非人类动物模型的需求进一步上升,为诱导假妊娠的结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育雄性提供了备选方案并且也有利地通过改善子宫对转移的胚胎的接受性减少了需要的雌性的数量。
考虑到它们的贡献仅仅涉及触发诱导假妊娠需要的神经内分泌和子宫炎症应答,本发明有利地消除了对结扎输精管的或以其他方式不育雄性的需要。
根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了如本文之前描述的药学组合物,其为子宫内设备的形式,用于提高怀孕率和/或用于降低母体针对精液/精子或胚胎或其他异源移植组织的同种异体反应性,和/或用于在胚胎植入之前或受精之前在雌性中提供免疫许可的子宫环境。
优选地,雌性是哺乳动物和更优选地是类。
优选地,哺乳雌性动物选自小鼠、大鼠、兔子、沙鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、灵长类(猴子、猿)、犬科动物、猫科动物、猪或任何其他实验室动物或待放入胚胎的濒临灭绝的物种。
优选地,雌性是哺乳动物和更优选地仍是稀有品种/物种或濒临灭绝的品种/物种。
优选地,雌性可选自下述目的动物:偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、食肉目(Carnivora)、鲸目(Cetacea)、翼手目(Chiroptera)、皮翼目(Dermoptera)、贫齿目(Edentata)、蹄兔目(Hyracoidae)、食虫目(Insectivora)、兔形目(Lagomorpha)、有袋目(Marsupialia)、奇蹄目(Perissodactyla)、鳞甲目(Pholidata)、鳍脚目(Pinnipedia)、灵长目(Primates)、长鼻目(Proboscidea)、啮齿目(Rodentia)、海牛目(Sirenia)和管齿目(Tubulidentata)。
优选地,从任何一种如下文所描述的其递送形式,原位释放的组合物中存在的任何一种细胞因子的量高于精液中发现的近似生理学范围或在精液中发现的近似生理学范围内。
细胞因子测量为pg/ml,作为本领域标准认可的值。
通过提供优选地为适于阴道递送、用于在交配/受精之前或胚胎植入之前进入雌性的化学物理制剂,本发明依赖于利用精液试剂的性质,尤其细胞因子(其是免疫应答的蛋白质调节剂并且其促进子宫接受性)的性质。引入的制剂释放增强子宫环境的接受性的试剂。
在本发明中使用的方法是通过使用基于阴道栓剂、基于凝胶、基于溶液、基于乳液、基于粉末或基于气溶胶的递送系统,模拟精浆介导的生物化学信号传导。阴道栓剂已经常规用于许多大的驯养物种(例如牛),用于同步发生胚胎转移/人工受精的发情周期性。但是,迄今为止,还没有阴道栓剂与本发明的组合物一起使用或用于促进子宫接受性和/或诱导假妊娠状态的特定功能。
优选地,细胞因子是重组体。换句话说,它们通过使用重组体技术基因工程化细菌或其他细胞类型被制备。
本发明提供了包括重组细胞因子制剂的雌性用的组合物,其通常为置于阴道中的阴道栓剂的形式或在受精/胚胎转移之前,在阴道中释放的气溶胶泡沫的形式,以便降低母体针对精子/胚胎的免疫同种异体反应性,从而提高怀孕率/结果。该递送模式的使用作为改善子宫内膜接受性的策略是新颖的。
优选地,组合物进一步包括佐剂,比如防腐剂、抗氧化剂、湿润剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可通过包括各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如,对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇或苯酚山梨酸,确保预防微生物的作用。也可期望包括等渗剂,例如比如糖或氯化钠。包括蜡、水和助溶剂也可以是有益的。
优选地,组合物为适于阴道递送的形式,比如阴道胶囊、阴道凝胶、阴道片剂、阴道粉末、阴道溶液、阴道栓剂、阴道杯、阴道海绵或阴道泡沫或喷雾。最优选地,组合物为阴道栓剂的形式。
优选地,阴道制剂是溶解的或非溶解的、可降解的或不可降解的。
优选地,本发明的组合物制备为阴道栓剂、片剂、粉末、生物粘附性片剂、胶囊、微粒、生物粘附性微粒、微胶囊、微球、脂质体、乳霜、洗剂、泡沫、喷雾、膜、软膏、溶液、凝胶,或持续释放的凝胶、片剂或胶囊,或施用至阴道或并入阴道设备的持续释放的栓剂。
在本发明可选的实施方式中,制备本发明的组合物用于口服或直肠施用或作为肠溶涂布片剂用于胃肠道递送,从而它们可从胃肠道的粘膜吸收。这些施用模式的基本原理是消化系统中的粘膜免疫系统与生殖系的粘膜免疫系统连接。这样,将出现粘膜活化(mucosalpriming),从而促进胚胎植入、异源移植/配子/胚胎耐受、自身免疫耐受或生殖系和消化道二者的内源/外源微生物系统的耐受。
优选地,本发明的组合物制备为多壁的、多芯的微胶囊化的制剂。更优选地,组合物的活性组分当作为干燥材料使用时,被封装在外壳/包衣,如胶囊中。
用于阴道施用的组合物优选地通过混合本发明的组合物与适当的药学成分或非刺激性赋形剂或载体来制备,比如可可脂、聚乙二醇或栓剂蜡,其在是室温是固体但是在体温是液体,并且所以在直肠或阴道腔中熔化并且释放活性化合物。阴道栓剂的典型例子包括活性成分和下述赋形剂:中等链甘油三酯(tryglyceride)和硬脂。
可选地,组合物可并入阴道内设备或这样的设备的涂层,例如,棉塞或棉塞样设备涂层,或并入海绵、泡沫、条、粉末、阴道栓剂或其他材料。这样的设备的吸收剂材料或基质可用本发明的组合物浸渍,其中本发明的组合物作为液体溶液、悬浮洗剂、粉末、乳霜、微乳液或脂质体的悬液、生物粘附性纳米颗粒或生物粘附性微粒。优选地,阴道设备是溶解的或不溶解的,可降解的或不可降解的。
优选地,组合物进一步包括粘膜粘附剂、吸附促进剂或渗透增强剂。通过经粘液的阴道递送并且包括使阴道粘膜与本发明的组合物接触,递送本发明的组合物。
优选地,用于阴道递送的组合物是用于快速递送、控制递送、持续递送或脉动递送。
在一种实施方式中,可想到本发明的组合物将用缓慢的蜡熔化或快速蜡熔化配制为阴道栓剂,以分别实现持续或快速递送。在可选的实施方式中,本发明的组合物与适当的添加剂一起配制成泡沫或凝胶,以允许控制释放。
优选地,在提供本发明的组合物作为阴道栓剂、片剂、生物粘附性片剂、胶囊、粉末、微粒、生物粘附性微粒的情况下,包衣是磨蚀的(abrasive)。这是对可递送组合物的适当改进,尤其如果待准备用于子宫接受的雄性物种的阴茎具有粗糙表皮、角质凸起等的情况下。在该情况下,期望进入的阴道递送媒介具有与阴茎上类似的粗糙外包衣,以便引起母体的炎症应答,以改善进入粘膜的制剂的渗透,引起初始炎症应答和有助于一般的神经内分泌刺激。
在本发明尤其优选的实施方式中,组合物为阴道栓剂的形式。优选地,阴道栓剂是适当的尺寸和形状,以便进入雌性的阴道。阴道栓剂可具有固体芯和外多孔层。用于小鼠的阴道栓剂的典型尺寸的总体直径是4mm和长度是7mm。阴道栓剂的直径和长度取决于其所进入的物种的阴道尺寸,期望阴道栓剂是合适的尺寸和形状,从而当进入阴道时,其被保留而没有不适。
根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了本发明的第一方面的组合物用于制造药物,所述药物用于提高怀孕率和/或降低母体针对精液/精子或胚胎或其他异源移植组织的同种异体反应性和/或用于在胚胎植入之前或受精之前在雌性中提供免疫许可的子宫环境。
根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了降低雌性中母体针对精液/精子、胚胎或其他异源移植物(包括现有微生物系统)的同种异体反应性的方法,其包括将阴道/胃肠道粘膜暴露于上文描述的组合物,所述方法包括:
(i)将包括本发明的组合物的至少一种阴道递送媒介引入雌性的阴道;
(ii)任选地使另外的阴道递送媒介(一种或多种)进入;
(iii允许经过足够时间段,以使得阴道递送媒介的活性组分释放并且渗入阴道以及经粘液和/或扩散被吸收和/或被运输至子宫和/或通过胃肠道粘膜;和
(iv)通过与雄性交配或通过人工受精、供体配子使雌性受精或将胚胎或其他异源移植物引入用于植入的子宫。
根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了在受精或胚胎植入之前,提高雌性中怀孕率或结果的方法,包括将阴道/胃肠道粘膜暴露于如上文描述的组合物,所述方法包括:
(i)将包括本发明的组合物的至少一种阴道递送媒介引入雌性的阴道;
(ii)任选地使另外的阴道递送媒介(一种或多种)进入;
(iii)允许经过足够时间段,以使得阴道递送媒介的活性组分释放并且渗入阴道以及经粘液和/或扩散被吸收和/或被运输至子宫和/或通过胃肠道粘膜;和
(iv)通过与雄性交配或通过人工受精、供体配子使雌性受精或将胚胎或其他异源移植物引入用于植入的子宫。
在本发明进一步的实施方式中,在人工或自然受精的情况下,步骤(iii)和(iv)同时进行/以紧密的时间顺序进行。本发明的方法在受精/胚胎转移时使用置于阴道中的包括含重组细胞因子的阴道栓剂、凝胶、喷雾或泡沫的组合物,以降低母体针对精子/胚胎/配子和内源或外源微生物系统的免疫同种异体反应性,从而提高怀孕率。
给药的数量和给药之间的时期可根据要求而改变并且可根据物种或品种、超好的/排卵状态、季节影响、哺乳状态和之前失败妊娠的次数或之前受精或IVF治疗而不同。也可根据母体的年龄和雌性是否是初孕(primigravida)而不同。
优选地,当用于实验室非人类动物时,本发明的方法进一步包括与受体雌性中的发情期同步的步骤。
根据本发明的仍进一步方面提供了工具箱和任选地其一套书面说明书,工具箱包括许多阴道递送媒介和用于将所述阴道递送媒介进入受体雌性阴道的装置,所述阴道递送媒介包含本发明的组合物。
认识到,为本发明的第一方面描述的特征同样适于本发明的每个和所有方面并且以相应的变通而被应用。
参考下述图,仅仅作为例子描述本发明,其中:
附图说明
下文参考附图进一步描述本发明的实施方式,其中:
图1显示了小鼠精浆中细胞因子网络的贝叶斯数学模拟。考虑到它们亲节点(parentnode)的状态(一种或多种),节点(细胞因子)根据相应的介体相对浓度——高(绿色)、低(红色)或中等(白色)浓度——的条件概率被颜色编码(临近每个节点的条形图反映从左到右由低到高的三个浓度面元(bin)之一的类别的潜在条件概率)。归一化的浓度(低或高)决定了节点颜色的强度。边缘(节点之间的因果连接线)表示原因引导的节点之间的相互作用。这些细胞因子与母体的生殖系相互作用,诱导对父本抗原的免疫许可。
图2显示了大鼠精浆中细胞因子网络的贝叶斯数学模拟(上面详细讨论了)。基于贝叶斯结果的置信分析(基于>90%的引导迭代中的发生),非常高的置信水平边缘为红色。
图3显示了通过与结扎输精管的雄性交配或完全混合物、混合物1、混合物2和混合物3的阴道栓剂诱导假妊娠之后成功分娩的百分数的条形图(每组n=14)。
发明详述
本文提及“胚胎”旨在包括囊胚、胚泡、受精卵或发育早期的有机体(organism),尤其在其已经达到待植入雌性受体的清晰可辨的形式。术语可替换使用。
本文提及“提高的怀孕率”旨在包括用处理的精液人工受精或自然受精之后或移植新鲜的或冷冻的或以其他方式保藏的胚胎之后的阳性妊娠结果或改善的围产期存活或一般活力。如下文使用的术语妊娠解释为包括由自然受精或人工受精引起的妊娠或移植新鲜的或冷冻的或以其他方式保藏的胚胎(一个或多个)和配子之后的妊娠。
本文提及“子宫内设备”旨在包括任何基于阴道栓剂、基于凝胶、基于溶液、基于乳液、基于粉末或基于气溶胶的递送系统,其能够将本发明的组合物递送至阴道,以便使得本发明的组合物对子宫环境具有药理学作用。
本文提及“阴道栓剂”旨在作为本发明的药学物质的一种递送方式,使得它们通过阴道的粘膜表面容易被吸收,或旨在所在区域具有作用,例如抵抗炎症,或对子宫有作用。
“药学成分”或“赋形剂”意思是添加至本发明的粘膜粘附组合物的药理学无活性的药学上可接受的化合物。成分或赋形剂不具有任何药理学性质。
“快速递送”意思是从组合物中初始立即快速释放和递送组分。快速递送通常接着是在从组合物或设备释放组分和递送药物至血浆/子宫壁组织(或胃肠道,合适的话)上的时间依赖性降低。
“控制递送”意思是其中活性剂以预先设计的方式从材料中释放的一种释放。活性剂的释放可在长时间段内恒定,其可在长时间段内循环,或其可被环境或其他外部事件触发。
“持续递送”意思是从制剂或设备持续地和不间断地释放组分并且以持续方式递送这样的组分。持续递送可先于快速递送。
“脉动递送”意思是以间歇间隔释放和递送组分。这样的脉动递送可通过例如如下提供:将组合物配制在与无活性不溶解的包衣层间隔的单层中或通过使用不同的药学成分。
精液细胞因子分析
处死性成熟的CD1雄性小鼠(n=20)和Wistar大鼠(n=20)并且从死后(postmortem)精腺收集精液,选择死后方法以避免通过电射精收集样品,因为通过该方法的精液质量不同,并且因为样品快速凝聚,使得分析有问题。精囊取样是理想的,因为流体(而不是附腺的流体)包含研究的母体道(maternaltract)免疫调节因子并且因为可更容易避免凝结腺体分泌物。
分别称重精液样品,悬浮在补充有0.5%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,并且再次称重。通过推算至标准体重:鼠精液的体积比,可确定分离的初始体积和PBS引入的稀释系数。该步骤是必要的,因为流体太黏,而不能精确吸取。使样品离心并且将上清液冷冻在-80℃直到同时分析下述23种细胞因子:白介素(IL)-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-9、IL-10、IL-12(p40)、IL-12(p70)、IL-13、IL-17、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、干扰素(IFN)-γ、角质细胞衍生的趋化因子(KC)、单核细胞趋化性蛋白质(MCP)-1、巨噬细胞抑制蛋白(MIP)-1α、MIP-1β、调节激活正常的T细胞表达和分泌因子(RANTES)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α。这通过在配备StarStationTM软件的Luminex-100TM上运行的定制23-plex流体相免疫试验试剂盒实现。在所有情况下使用血清稀释剂,以避免假阳性/阴性并且稀释调整至1:1,以便对基线水平的灵敏性最大化。对大鼠精液进行类似的分析。
实施例1
下面表2显示了小鼠精液中分析和测量的各种细胞因子。嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES好像是存在的主要细胞因子,水平在500pg/ml以上。IL-9、TNF-α和MIP-1a的水平在100pg/ml以上,而数个细胞因子,比如G-CSF和IFN-γ的水平在50-100pg/ml之间和数个其他细胞因子,比如IL-13和TGF-β的水平在50pg/ml以下。
表2
下面表3显示了大鼠精液中分析和测量的各种细胞因子。RANTES好像是存在的主要细胞因子。分析的细胞因子中,仅仅RANTES和GRO/KC的水平在200pg/ml以上。IL-10和IL-6的水平在100pg/ml以上,而数个细胞因子,比如MCP-1的水平在50-100pg/ml之间并且数个其他细胞因子,比如IL-17的水平在50pg/ml以下。
表3
实施例2
嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES好像是主要的细胞因子,每个存在的量大于500pg/ml(见表1和2)。细胞因子IL-1α、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12(p40)、IL-12(p70)、GM-CSF和MIP-1β存在的水平在20pg/ml以下和细胞因子IL-1β、IL-9、1L-13、G-CSF、TNF-α、MCP-1、KC、MIP-1α和IFN-γ存在的水平在20pg/ml以上和在150pg/ml以下。
基于这些分析,在PBS中使用以精液中出现的浓度的重组细胞因子,制备细胞培养物测试的重组小鼠细胞因子的溶液(表3)。这储存在-80℃直到需要吸入阴道栓剂。
表4当溶解时,小鼠阴道栓剂制剂在子宫内的细胞因子浓度。
阴道栓剂也包括一定量的TGF-β1,因为这对于诱发子宫接受性是重要。
实施例3
用于实验室动物的阴道栓剂的另外的制剂组分主要经毒性(万一意外吞咽)、适口性(以阻止吞咽)和对腔pH的影响(某些细胞因子的生物活性受阴道pH促进)决定。阴道栓剂的尺寸和形状主要由期望使用它们的物种决定。例如,约4mm直径的阴道栓剂尤其适于小鼠,因为该尺寸已经确定适于进入而没有过度不适并且也是保持在阴道前庭中适当的尺寸。较大的实验室动物或的确较大品种的小鼠可必定需要较大的阴道栓剂。阴道栓剂由激光器-蚀刻的尼龙制造,设定为5-10瓦,该技术的使用使得可能控制孔隙率(其促进‘加载’)以及总体形状和尺寸。可想到,阴道栓剂将提供为一系列尺寸,并且根据需要可从中心保持单元除去茎干而使用,以及可为使用者提供一系列不同尺寸的阴道栓剂。通过将阴道栓剂在500μl的100倍浓度的细胞因子溶液中浸透过夜来准备使用,以便阴道栓剂加载必要的活性试剂,以保证母体的生殖系中精液样终浓度。然后,阴道栓剂头从茎干被去除并且通过适当的设备直接进入小鼠阴道。然后,阴道栓剂留在小鼠阴道中一定的时间段,并且然后当使动物麻醉在胚胎转移时去除,或其自身溶解或当活性成分已经被吸收时,阴道栓剂自我弹出。
认识到上述实施方式仅仅是递送本发明的组合物的方式的例子,并且阴道栓剂可为缓慢或快速熔化的蜡类型制剂以及递送本发明的组合物的方法可在物种之间不同。递送方式也可为生物可降解的产品形式,并且例如在人类中,阴道海绵可能是更方便的递送组合物的方法。
实施例4
如表5中显示制备生理学浓度的完全混合物和减少细胞因子混合物的三个不同组合。完全混合物包括IL-12(P40)、RANTES、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子、MIP-1β、TNF-α、1L13、IFN-γ、TGF-β、IL-1β、IL-6、1L-12(p70)、MCP-1、IL-10、IL-1α、IL-9、GM-CSF、KC、MIP-1和GCSF。
混合物1包含IL-12(P40)、RANTES、MIP-1β、IL-13和TGF-β。包括IL-12(P40)是由于其作为主要网络祖先亲本(考虑标记的离开边缘(outgoingedge)的数量)和其假定的多种下游介体的因果控制。包括RANTES和MIP-1β,因为这些是中心节点(基于大量的进入边缘,可能参与多种信号传导整合)。物种之间该中心节点功能的保守突出了MIP-1信号传导的重要性,其功能可能与大鼠网络中强调的类似(图2)。遵循类似的基本原理包括IL-13并且因为好像是图1中阐释的网络主分枝的右手侧实现该功能的主要节点。包括TGF-β是由于其声称的有力的免疫调节特性,着缓和了交配诱导的炎症应答。
混合物2包含IL-12(P40)、RANTES、MIP-1β、IL-13和IFN-γ。上面给出了用于该混合物的介体的选择,不同之处是IFN-γ,其尽管是公认的堕胎药,可能具有作为如本文呈现的低水平的中心节点发挥的生理学作用。
由于上面强调的原因,混合物3包含RANTES、TNF-α和TGF-β,添加TNF-α,考虑到其是网络唯一的末端节点。其可能的关键作用由于其末端节点位置在小鼠和大鼠之间一致的事实而被低估,尽管在物种中的不同和在分析的一些网络节点中的改变。其在生殖免疫性中的作用被激烈争论,但是其逐渐公认为可能是触发与该过程相关的早期炎症应答的关键参与者。该选择是基于精浆中细胞因子网络的数学模拟(见图1和2)。完全混合物组合物是基于最广泛的用于精浆分析的基于鼠multiplex免疫试验的分析。
图3中显示的数据,确认‘加载’完全补体或减少数量的细胞因子的当前尼龙原型阴道栓剂可在CaCBAxC57Bl/6F1s中成功诱导假妊娠。我们发现我们的减少的细胞因子的三种混合物产生不同的成功率,但是一种组合,混合物3,尤其以与购买的结扎输精管的雄性(n=14)类似的成功率诱导了假妊娠。
遍及说明书和本说明书的权利要求,词语“包括”和“包含”和它们的变型意思是“包括但不限于”,并且它们不旨在(和不)排除其他部分、添加剂、组分、整数或步骤。遍及说明书和本说明书的权利要求,单数包括复数,除非上下文另外要求。尤其,在使用不定冠词的情况下,说明书应理解为考虑复数以及单数,除非上下文另外要求。
结合本发明的具体方面、实施方式或实施例描述的特征、整数、性质、化合物、化学部分或基团理解为适用于本文所述的任何其他方面、实施方式或实施例,除非与其不相容。本说明书(包括任何随附的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征,和/或这样公开的任何方法或过程的所有步骤,可以以任何组合结合,除了至少一些这样的特征和/或步骤相互排斥的组合。本发明不限于任何前述实施方式的细节。本发明延伸至本说明书(包括任何随附的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的特征的任何新的特征,或任何新的组合,或延伸至如此公开的任何方法或过程的步骤的任何新的步骤,或任何新的组合。
读者的注意力转向与结合本申请的本说明书同时或更早提交并且对公众开放说明书检查的所有论文和文档,并且所有这些论文和文档的内容通过引用并入本文。
Claims (20)
1.一种包括选自TNF-α、TGFβ、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和RANTES的任何一种、两种、三种或四种细胞因子的物质组合物,用于提高怀孕率和/或用于降低母体针对精液/精子或胚胎或其他异源移植组织的同种异体反应性和/或用于在胚胎植入之前或受精之前在雌性中提供免疫许可的子宫环境。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其进一步包括选自下述的任何一种、两种、三种、四种、五种或六种另外的细胞因子:IL-12、MCP-1、MIP、IL-17、IL-9和GM-CSF。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述IL-12是IL-12p40或IL-12p70。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述MIP是MIP-1a或MIP-1b。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包括选自下述的任何一种或多种另外的细胞因子:IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-1ra、IL-2ra、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL10、1L-13、IL-15、IL-16、IL-18、FGF、G-CSF、IFN-α2、IFN-γ、IP-10、PDGF、VEGF、CTACK、KC、GROα、HGF、ICAM-1、LEPTIN、LIF、MCP-3、M-CSF、MIF、MIG、β-NGF、SCF、SCGF-β、SDF-1α、TNF-β、TRAIL、VEGF和VCAM-1。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组合物,其包括2种至43种和其之间任何数量的细胞因子。
7.子宫内设备形式的根据前述权利要求任一项所述的药学组合物,用于提高怀孕率和/或用于降低母体针对精液/精子或胚胎或其他异源移植组织的同种异体反应性和/或用于在胚胎植入之前或受精之前在雌性中提供免疫许可的子宫环境。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药学组合物,其中以在如精液中发现的那些的近似生理学范围以上或在如精液中发现的那些的近似生理学范围内原位释放活性成分。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的药学组合物,其中所述细胞因子是重组体。
10.根据权利要求7至9任一项所述的药学组合物,其中所述子宫内设备是阴道胶囊、阴道凝胶、阴道片剂、阴道粉末、阴道溶液、阴道栓剂、阴道杯、阴道海绵、阴道气溶胶或阴道泡沫或喷雾。
11.根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的药学组合物,其进一步包括佐剂、赋形剂或载体。
12.根据权利要求7至11任一项所述的药学组合物,其用于快速递送、控制递送、持续递送或脉动递送。
13.一种用于促进子宫接受性的用于经粘液阴道递送的阴道栓剂,其包括根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的组合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的阴道栓剂,其用于促进啮齿动物中的子宫接受性。
15.根据权利要求14所述的阴道栓剂,其中所述啮齿动物是小鼠或大鼠。
16.一种在雌性中降低母体针对精液/精子、胚胎或其他异源移植物(包括现有微生物系统)的同种异体反应性的方法,其包括将阴道/胃肠道粘膜暴露于根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的组合物或权利要求13至15任一项所述的阴道栓剂,所述方法包括:
(i)将包括权利要求1至12任一项所述的组合物或权利要求13至15任一项所述的阴道栓剂的至少一种阴道递送媒介引入至雌性的阴道;
(ii)任选地在必要时使另外的阴道递送媒介(一种或多种)进入;
(iii)允许经过足够时间段,以使得所述阴道递送媒介的活性组分释放并且渗入阴道以及经粘液和/或扩散被吸收和/或被运输至子宫和/或通过胃肠道粘膜;和
(iv)通过与雄性交配或通过人工受精、供体配子使雌性受精或将胚胎或其他异源移植物引入用于植入的子宫。
17.根据本发明的进一步方面,提供了在受精或胚胎植入之前,在雌性中提高怀孕率或结果的方法,其包括将阴道/胃肠道粘膜暴露于根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的组合物或根据权利要求13至15任一项所述的阴道栓剂,所述方法包括:
(i)将包括权利要求1至12任一项所述的组合物或权利要求13至15任一项所述的阴道栓剂的至少一种阴道递送媒介引入所述雌性的阴道;
(ii)任选地在必要时使另外的阴道递送媒介(一种或多种)进入;
(iii)允许经过足够时间段,以使得所述阴道递送媒介的活性组分释放并且渗入阴道以及经粘液和/或扩散被吸收和/或被运输至子宫和/或通过胃肠道粘膜;和
(iv)通过与雄性交配或通过人工受精、供体配子使所述雌性受精或将胚或其他异源移植物引入用于植入的子宫。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中步骤(iii)和(iv)同时进行或以紧密的时间顺序进行。
19.根据权利要求16至18任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法以非人类动物实施,所述方法进一步包括与受体雌性中的发情期同步的步骤。
20.一种工具箱,所述工具箱包括许多阴道递送媒介和使所述阴道递送媒介进入受体雌性阴道的装置和任选地用于其的一套书面说明书,所述阴道递送媒介包含权利要求1至12任一项所述的组合物或权利要求13至15任一项所述的阴道栓剂。
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WO2015022509A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
CA2920373C (en) | 2021-09-07 |
GB2521709A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
JP2016529254A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
GB201314452D0 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
EP3033096B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
JP6405382B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
SG11201600772XA (en) | 2016-02-26 |
PL3033096T3 (pl) | 2019-02-28 |
AU2014307714B2 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
DK3033096T3 (en) | 2018-12-17 |
US20150051441A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
GB2521709B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
GB201414258D0 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
AU2014307714A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
ES2698969T3 (es) | 2019-02-06 |
CN105555298B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
EP3033096A1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
US10159712B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
PT3033096T (pt) | 2018-12-03 |
CA2920373A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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