CN105552207A - Manufacturing of superconducting material by method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons - Google Patents
Manufacturing of superconducting material by method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons Download PDFInfo
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- CN105552207A CN105552207A CN201610047751.8A CN201610047751A CN105552207A CN 105552207 A CN105552207 A CN 105552207A CN 201610047751 A CN201610047751 A CN 201610047751A CN 105552207 A CN105552207 A CN 105552207A
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- conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/80—Constructional details
- H10N60/85—Superconducting active materials
Abstract
A superconducting material is manufactured by a method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons. Manufacturing of conductors by the same method is also included, and resistance of the conductors is reduced. The technical background of the invention directly originates from discovery of H. Kamerlingh.Onnes of LEIDEN University Netherlands in 1911, and discovery is that when mercury is cooled to -268.98 DEG C, resistance of the mercury disappears suddenly. In 1957, Badin, Cooper and Schriever propose a BCS theory for explaining a superconductivity microcosmic mechanism. Since then, making practice according to the BCS theory becomes a method of manufacturing the superconducting material, but the method is not unique. When resistance is explained by a conductor theory, metal is usually taken as an example for very simple explanation; free electrons collide with lattice and transfer energy to the lattice, and the energy is converted into heat. An explanation is made by taking a copper conductor as an example, and it is directly considered that the conductor theory answers the reason of superconductivity already. On the contrary, Answer to why the conductor can generate resistance is still not enough. Current carriers have to return back to a valence band from a conduction band to transfer energy to the lattice. After giving the explanation, a method of reducing resistance and manufacturing the superconducting material is invented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to superconductor technology field.For the manufacture of superconductor.Also resistivity is reduced for common conductor materials.
Background technology
Background technology of the present invention is directly derived from the discovery of the luxuriant Lin Angneisi of H card of Univ Leiden Netherlands in 1911: when mercury being cooled to-268.98 DEG C, the resistance of mercury suddenly disappears.
Since discovery superconducting phenomenon, people just start searching and invention new superconductive material makes transition temperature improve constantly.Wish to reach the temperature under conventional environment, even higher.Nineteen fifty-seven, Ba Ding, cooper and execute livre propose BCS theory, for explaining superconduction microcosmic mechanism.From then on, making practice according to BCS theory just becomes the method manufacturing superconductor, but is not unique method.BCS theory emphasizes that electronics is wanted in pairs, and spin wants contrary, is again that lattice deformability makes electronics paired simultaneously.Paired electronics is right storehouse uncle.Quantum mechanics point out storehouse uncle to can not and lattice generation energy exchange, institute to produce superconducting phenomenon.
What be closely related with superconduction is conductor.Superconductivity theory is always with conductor theory comparative study.In conductor theory, being with of material is divided into valence band, forbidden band and conduction band.Substance conduction is exactly because have electronics in conduction band.Substance conduction also has easy uncared-for additional conditions: even the electronics in conduction band, can not fill two electronics at same energy level, otherwise this does not participate in conduction to electronics.Two electronics that can be filled into same energy level must be the contrary paired electronss that spins.Ironically, storehouse uncle is to being also such.
When conductor theory explains resistance, often slide over for metal: free electron and lattice collisions, transfer energy to lattice, is namely transformed into heat.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's basis used is different from BCS theory.In order to describe technical characteristic, theory must be stated in advance.
When conductor theory explains resistance, often slide over for metal: free electron and lattice collisions, transfer energy to lattice, is namely transformed into heat.But for copper conductor, just independently copper ion at last, the ratio of copper ion quality and electron mass is still at 1.17X10
5.Just barycenter head-on collision completely at last, the energy exchange of electronics and atomic kernel is also ignored.This does not also consider that electronics translational speed is in the conductor very slow, only has 10
-5the mm/second order of magnitude.And do not consider that copper ion is in fact positioned at lattice and periphery copper atom is bound, do not consider the elasticity of lattice.
According to the citing of copper conductor, we directly think that conductor theory has answered the reason of superconduction.Contrary, for why, to produce the answer of resistance still not enough for conductor.
No matter we notice at conductor, in semiconductor or insulator, the electronic service guide band migration of valence band can occur, and conduction band electron also can get back to valence band.For metal, situation is very special, and conduction band is overlapping with valence band.Therefore for the situation that conduction band is overlapping with valence band, the part deducting conduction band is only hereinafter described valence band.
In conductor, the electronics of conduction band and valence band exists and mutually moves.Electronics from conduction band transitions to valence band, namely can be the charge carrier participating in transport current, can be again non-charge carrier.So, as long as charge carrier gets back to valence band, just not needing that part maintaining level of energy to pass to lattice in the kinetic energy of self, pass to atomic kernel in other words.This process can also be seen as the spontaneous radiation that electronics occurs at conductor.The atom blocking radiation is a mass of near the position that radiation occurs.The radiation of electronics almost changes into the heat energy of conductor in pirouette.Be transformed into the heat of conductor because charge carrier more moves to release energy from conduction band to valence band, therefore conductor shows resistance.Not having the electronics of conduction band and valence band mutually to move and just do not have resistance, is exactly superconduction.
In other words, even conductor, also can produce in " interim hole ", be the existence in hole give charge carrier with chance energy transferring to lattice, pass to atomic kernel in other words.Therefore conductor shows resistance.Not having " interim hole " just not have resistance, is exactly superconduction.
The method of this explanation conductor resistance meets with the past experience.Ormal conductor resistance and temperature proportional, mean that heat energy excites valence-band electrons to conduction band, produce the frequency that valence band conduction band electron exchanges and be directly proportional to the mean kinetic energy that Electron Heat moves.
Reduce resistance just to need to reduce material appearance " interim hole ", namely reduce the electron transition of valence band to conduction band, reduce the electron transition of conduction band to valence band.
Manufacture superconduction just to need to forbid that " interim hole " appears in material, namely the electron transition of inaccurate valence band is to conduction band, and the electron transition of inaccurate conduction band is to valence band.
The way of prior art reduces material temperature.In the process of falling at temperature, resistivity reduces gradually until become superconduction.
The inventive method comprises:
1, reduce the electron transition of valence band to conduction band, the electron transition of minimizing conduction band to valence band, to reduce material resistance;
2, forbid that the electron transition of valence band is to conduction band, forbid that the electron transition of conduction band is to valence band, to make superconductor.
In order to reduce or forbid that the electron transition of valence band is to conduction band, method comprises:
1, find material, the characteristic of material itself decreases valence-band electrons relative to other material and transits to conduction band;
2, find material, the characteristic of material itself does not have valence-band electrons to transit to conduction band;
3, transform potential material and increase energy gap.
On potential material, strengthen energy gap object in order to reaching, external electrical field, magnetic field are applied to material molecule, atom.The method in applying external electrical field, magnetic field comprises:
1, material is placed in capacitor, by external power source;
2, material is placed in magnetic field, no matter be magnetic field or the magnetic field of permanent magnet of coil generation;
3, in material, introduce electric charge or introduce magnetic particle, with any ion, atom decorative material molecule, atom;
4, charged group, magnetic group is allowed to become a part for material molecule.
Conductor, semiconductor or insulator can also be transformed into conductor or superconductor.In order to state this remodeling method, need first to sketch Principles of Laser.
Principles of Laser are divided into two stages.First stage is excitation, exactly the outer-shell electron of material atom is energized into more high level.Second stage is spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation, and electronics gets back to low-lying level from high level.
As long as we are activated to the outer-shell electron of material atom in conduction band, and keep this incentive environment constant, stopped the appearance of spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation by appropriate incentive environment, just material can be transformed into conductor or superconductor.Less charge carrier is got back to valence band and is conductor.Do not have charge carrier to get back to valence band completely and be superconductor.
Embodiment
1, suiperconducting transition is checked by Meisser effect.
The fine powder of pure graphite is placed in Electric and magnetic fields.Retain electric field and after withdrawing magnetic field, graphite segmentation band is magnetic.After removing electric field, magnetic disappears.
In order to check magnetic, have to again again introduce magnetic field.The magnetic field of rear introducing distributes different from the magnetic induction line in the magnetic field of withdrawing before.
Semiconductor laser material applied in reverse is obtained superconductor.
At the plated surface total reflection film of semiconductor laser material.The light that light source sends is reflected to light source self.Usually laser is not had to design in order to this object, so we need for its regulation power and solve heat dissipation problem.In order to distinguish, pumping current and inspection electric current separate and opinion.Pumping current is exactly the electric current that laser works as usual, and it is through PN junction.And check electric current through that piece of region of free electron enrichment.Introduce inspection electric current electrode otherwise all in P district, or all in N district.Equally, also suiperconducting transition can be checked by Meisser effect.
Claims (10)
1. manufacture a method for conductor or superconductor, it is characterized in that reducing or forbidding electrons cross forbidden transition, synonym, reduce or forbid that electronics changes transition in valence band and conduction band.
2. in order to reduce described in claim 1 or forbid that electronics changes transition in valence band and conduction band, adopt the material that energy gap is enough large, the chance making warm-up movement cause electronics to change transition reduces even can not change transition.
3., in order to the material that energy gap described in claim 2 is enough large, apply external electrical field or magnetic field to ergastic material molecule, atom, ergastic material transition becomes the material that energy gap is enough large.
4. according to claim 3 external electrical field or magnetic field are applied to ergastic material molecule, atom, apply electric field or magnetic field at material outer.
5. according to claim 3 external electrical field or magnetic field are applied to ergastic material molecule, atom, in material, introduce electric charge or introduce magnetic particle, or with any ion, atom decorative material molecule, atom.
6. according to claim 3 external electrical field or magnetic field are applied to ergastic material molecule, atom, allow charged group, magnetic group become a part for material molecule.
7., in order to reduce described in claim 1 or forbid that electronics changes transition in valence band and conduction band, the outer-shell electron of conductor, semiconductor or insulator is activated to conduction band and keeps electronics always at conduction band.
8. according to claim 7 the outer-shell electron of conductor, semiconductor or insulator be activated to conduction band and keep electronics always at conduction band, transformation semiconductor laser device, makes laser at inner roundtrip.
9. the material that energy gap is enough large according to claim 2, adopts graphite or grapheme material and derived material thereof.
10. ergastic material transition becomes the material that energy gap is enough large according to claim 3, transformation graphite or grapheme material and derived material thereof.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610047751.8A CN105552207A (en) | 2016-01-25 | 2016-01-25 | Manufacturing of superconducting material by method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons |
| PCT/CN2016/089508 WO2017128629A1 (en) | 2016-01-25 | 2016-07-10 | Manufacturing superconductor by method of forbidding electron transition across energy gap |
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| CN201610047751.8A CN105552207A (en) | 2016-01-25 | 2016-01-25 | Manufacturing of superconducting material by method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons |
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| CN105552207A true CN105552207A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017128629A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-03 | 吴翔 | Manufacturing superconductor by method of forbidding electron transition across energy gap |
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| JP2002193606A (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-10 | Nec Corp | Superconducting material and method of manufacturing it |
| CN102194550A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-21 | 田多贤 | Method for manufacturing conductive/superconductive material and conductive/superconductive material manufactured by same |
| CN105552207A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-04 | 吴翔 | Manufacturing of superconducting material by method of forbidding forbidden band crossing transition of electrons |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017128629A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-03 | 吴翔 | Manufacturing superconductor by method of forbidding electron transition across energy gap |
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Application publication date: 20160504 |