CN105549061B - One kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity - Google Patents
One kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity Download PDFInfo
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- CN105549061B CN105549061B CN201610139136.XA CN201610139136A CN105549061B CN 105549061 B CN105549061 B CN 105549061B CN 201610139136 A CN201610139136 A CN 201610139136A CN 105549061 B CN105549061 B CN 105549061B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
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Abstract
It is used to pollute nose swab detection means in alpha activity the invention discloses one kind, including the nose swab frame of installation nose swab, specimen holder, the vacuum chamber of installing nose swab frame, the nose swab frame can install an at least nose swab, and do not block the head of nose swab；Ejecting mechanism is provided with specimen holder at rear end face, nose swab frame can insert from specimen holder front end face, and be fitted close with ejecting mechanism；A detector is arranged with left and right sides of specimen holder, the detector connects an advance signal process circuit respectively, and specimen holder is located in vacuum chamber.The present invention is using the nasal swabs of personnel to be measured as target acquisition thing, nose swab is inserted into specimen holder, specimen holder both sides are provided with detection circuit, and measured being integrally put into vacuumize in vacuum chamber, because sample and detector distance are fixed, double detector composition dual-surface stereo measurement, with reference to vacuumizing, detection efficient is greatly increased, reduces detection limit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alpha activity pollution detection system, more particularly to one kind to be used for pollution nose swab in alpha activity
Detection means.
Background technology
Generally there is the radioactive substance of heavy atom ordinal number, as uranium series, thorium family can radiate α particles by alpha-decay.α is penetrated
Line is a kind of charged particle stream, and due to powered, its place of arrival is easy to cause ionization.Alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, because
This brings certain destructiveness, especially larger to people's in-vivo tissue damage capability.Its other quality is larger, and penetration capacity is poor, in sky
Range in gas only has several centimetres, if a piece of paper or health skin with regard to that can block, therefore, the protection master for alpha activity
If prevent from carrying out in vivo by respiratory system or oral cavity.Natural alpha ray be mainly derived from cosmic ray and it is tellurian certain
A little natural radioactive elements, it is various to be discharged into earth's surface in the form of gas, liquid or solid after the mankind carry out core correlated activation
Or the pith in the radioactive element composing environment α sources in air.Especially when the feelings for burst nuclear accident or nuclear leakage occur
Under condition, various nuclear facilities leak into the radioactive element of surrounding environment, can cause the rise of ambient atmosphere α particle concentrations,
So as to cause high-volume personnel needs scene to be carried out in time because respiratory system causes pollution detection in alpha activity, to send out in time
Existing contaminated serious the wounded, scientific basis is provided for emergency aid and treatment.
Because alpha range only has several centimetres in atmosphere, and penetration capacity is very weak, so nuclear accident or core is occurring
During leakage, migrated depending mainly on aerosol；Secondly as polluted in measurement human body alpha activity, currently without suitable means,
Traditional measuring method is not suitable for the measurement of high-volume Mass screening.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that providing one kind solves the above problems, be easy to people are quick, in time, accurately carry out because
Respiratory system causes pollution detection in alpha activity, and one kind that detection efficient is high, detection limit is low is used to pollute in alpha activity
Nose swab detection means.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is such：
One kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, including the nose swab frame of installation nose swab, installation nose are wiped
Specimen holder, the vacuum chamber of subrack, the nose swab are made up of bar portion and head, and head is enclosed with filter membrane；
The nose swab frame can install an at least nose swab, and do not block the head of nose swab；
The specimen holder is horizontal positioned cuboid, inner hollow, including left surface, right flank, front end face, rear end
Face, four faces are provided with window, are provided with ejecting mechanism at rear end face in specimen holder, nose swab frame can be inserted from specimen holder front end face
Enter, and be fitted close with ejecting mechanism；
A detector is arranged with left and right sides of specimen holder, the detector connects an advance signal process circuit respectively, and
Nose swab head center in the face nose swab frame of detector center；
The vacuum chamber includes preceding sealing plate and rear sealing plate, and preceding sealing plate connects with vacuum chamber upset, and specimen holder is located at
In vacuum chamber, front and rear end is respectively facing forward and backward sealing plate, and left and right side is provided with the locking machine being fixed in vacuum chamber
Structure, rear sealing plate, which is provided with, to be connect the signaling interface of advance signal process circuit, connects detector and advance signal process circuit power supply
The power interface at end and the vacuum pipe interface for connecing vacuum lead.
The present invention assembly method be：
1. nose swab is fitted into nose swab frame, insert, and be fitted close with ejecting mechanism, two from the front end face of specimen holder
Individual detector is separately mounted to the left and right sides of specimen holder, and two detectors connect an advance signal process circuit respectively again, and two
Individual advance signal process circuit is also respectively installed at the left and right sides of specimen holder；
2. after above-mentioned specimen holder is put into vacuum chamber, front and rear end is respectively facing forward and backward sealing plate, believes in corresponding connection
Number interface, power interface and vacuum pipe interface, and specimen holder is locked by retaining mechanism；
3. closing the preceding sealing plate of vacuum chamber, vacuumize, discharge the air in seal cavity, then start to measure.
4. measuring after terminating, recovery vacuum chamber air, sealing plate before opening, specimen holder is taken out, is taken by ejecting mechanism
Go out nose swab frame, after changing nose swab, can measure again.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：Using the nasal swabs of personnel to be measured as target acquisition
Thing, nose swab is inserted into specimen holder, specimen holder both sides are provided with detection circuit, and are surveyed being integrally put into vacuumize in vacuum chamber
Amount, because sample and detector distance are fixed, double detector composition dual-surface stereo measurement, with reference to vacuumizing, greatly increase
Detection efficient, reduce detection limit.
As preferred：The nose swab frame is the rectangle laminated structure being vertically arranged, and nose swab frame passes through provided with two
Wear the through hole of its tow sides, two through hole horizontal distribution, be provided with several horizontal necks between two through hole, the bar portion of nose swab can block
It is connected in neck, and head is located in a through hole.
As preferred：The retaining mechanism is provided with a field generator, and the positive pole of field generator is located at ejecting mechanism
With nose swab bridge joint touch end face, negative pole be located at vacuum cavity wall and with specimen holder left and right side face, the nose swab frame is just
Anti- two sides is provided with becket, and when nose swab frame and ejecting mechanism are fitted close, becket connects with field generator positive pole.
Increase by a field generator in the present invention, make to form electric field between nose swab frame and detector, due to nose swab
The becket connection of frame is positive pole, negative pole be located at vacuum cavity wall and with specimen holder left and right side face, so form and
The vertical electric field of nose swab frame.This structure causes not inject in electric field action tripping in towards the α particles of detector transmitting originally
Detector, improve detection efficient.
This structure, the head of nose swab will not be blocked, easily can assembled nose swab on nose swab frame, and gently
Easy disassembles, and after nose swab frame is inserted in specimen holder, multiple nose swabs are distributed up and down, do not influence the survey of detector
Amount.
As preferred：The detector is circle, and its test surface is parallel with the nose swab frame in insertion specimen holder.So
Double detector forms 4 π measurement in spaces, greatly increases detection efficient.
As preferred：The nose swab frame, specimen holder are made of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.Prevent because of Electrostatic Absorption or
Equipment vibrations cause faint charge signal measuring system to produce unnecessary interference, influence measuring system stability.
As preferred：Detector and advance signal process circuit are fixed on specimen holder by a support, and are arranged on
In vacuum chamber.So signal wire is shorter between detector and advance signal process circuit, reduce conductor signal decay and it is preposition
The input circuit electric capacity of circuit, the signal of acquisition are truer.
As preferred：The becket is located at the interior edge of through hole.After being installed due to nose swab, head is located in through hole, gold
Category ring is located at the interior edge of through hole, can preferably make electric field headward, be easy to measure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation after present invention assembling；
Fig. 2 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of vacuum chamber；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of specimen holder in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of nose swab frame.
In figure：1st, nose swab frame；11st, head；12nd, bar portion；13rd, through hole；14th, neck；2nd, specimen holder；21st, ejecting mechanism；
22nd, detector；23rd, advance signal process circuit；24th, retaining mechanism；25th, support；3rd, vacuum chamber；31st, preceding sealing plate；32nd, after
Sealing plate；33rd, signaling interface；34th, power interface；35th, vacuum pipe interface.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, one kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, including installation nose is wiped
The nose swab frame 1 of son, the specimen holder 2 of installation nose swab frame 1, vacuum chamber 3, the nose swab are made up of bar portion 12 and head 11,
Head 11 is enclosed with filter membrane；
The nose swab frame 1 can install an at least nose swab, and not block the head 11 of nose swab；
The specimen holder 2 is horizontal positioned cuboid, inner hollow, including left surface, right flank, front end face, after
End face, four faces are provided with window, are provided with ejecting mechanism 21 at rear end face in specimen holder 2, nose swab frame 1 can be before specimen holder 2
End face is inserted, and is fitted close with ejecting mechanism 21；
The left and right sides of specimen holder 2 is arranged with a detector 22, and the detector 22 connects advance signal processing electricity respectively
Road 23, and the center of nose swab head 11 in the center face nose swab frame 1 of detector 22；
The vacuum chamber 3 includes preceding sealing plate 31 and rear sealing plate 32, and preceding sealing plate 31 connects with the upset of vacuum chamber 3, sample
Product frame 2 is located in vacuum chamber 3, and front and rear end is respectively facing forward and backward sealing plate 32, and left and right side is provided with and is fixed in vacuum
Retaining mechanism 24 in chamber 3, rear sealing plate 32, which is provided with, to be connect the signaling interface 33 of advance signal process circuit 23, connects detector 22
With the power interface 34 of the power end of advance signal process circuit 23 and connect the vacuum pipe interface 35 of vacuum lead.
In the present embodiment, the nose swab frame 1 is the rectangle laminated structure being vertically arranged, and nose swab frame 1 is provided with two
The individual through hole 13 through its tow sides, the horizontal distribution of two through hole 13, several horizontal necks 14 is provided between two through hole 13, nose is wiped
The bar portion 12 of son can be connected in neck 14, and head 11 is located in a through hole 13；The detector 22 is circular, its test surface
It is parallel with the nose swab frame 1 in insertion specimen holder 2；The nose swab frame 1, specimen holder 2 use polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material system
Into；Detector 22 and advance signal process circuit 23 are fixed on specimen holder 2 by a support 25.
Embodiment 2：
For the ease of actual emulation, we provide the specific size of product, vacuum chamber 3：Length × width × height is：234mm×
132mm×102mm；Nose swab frame 1：Length × width × height be for：102mm×56mm×6mm.
Because in the market does not have to pollute nose swab detector in the alpha activity of standard, and only it is chemically treated and is made
Alpha activity measurement, the spy of general alpha activity measuring instrument are carried out using general alpha activity measuring instrument after into plating piece
It with sample is horizontal positioned to survey device 22, between them mutual structural relation for surface is parallel and the structure of position upper and lower relation,
Detector 22 only has one, that is to say that general alpha activity measuring instrument can only measure a surface of sample, namely
Be we often say in the prior art close to 2 π measure.
The present invention measures for the alpha activity of nose swab, has made Special sample holder 2 and has been used to place nose swab；2 detections
Device 22 with being to be disposed vertically by the support 25 of nose swab frame 1, the position correlation between them be surface is parallel and position is left,
In, right distribution, and sample is between two detectors 22, and central coaxial is symmetrical.Accordingly, with respect to sample
Speech, can measure two faces of sample, and 11, the head of nose swab is as small ellipsoid, 4 π often said close to us
Measurement.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, increase electric field, that is, a field generator interface be provided with retaining mechanism 24,
The positive pole of field generator is connected with ejecting mechanism 21 with the end face that nose swab frame 1 contacts, negative pole and the left and right side of specimen holder 2
The shell of detector 22 is connected, and the tow sides of nose swab frame 1 are provided with becket, and when nose swab frame 1 and ejecting mechanism 21 are tight
During close fit, becket connects with field generator positive pole, and the becket is located at the interior edge of through hole 13.
That is, after nose swab inserts nose swab frame 1, positive pole is located on nose swab frame 1, and negative pole is located at vacuum chamber 3
Inwall and with the left and right side face of specimen holder 2, so foring the electric field vertical with nose swab frame 1.This structure causes originally
The α particles do not launched towards detector 22 inject detector 22 in electric field action tripping in.
By taking the product size of embodiment 2,3 as an example, we carry out actual measurement, by the nose swab of two known activity,
It is exactly nose swab, in nose swab frame 1, nose swab frame 1 is put into specimen holder 2, after assembling specimen holder 2 and circuit, closes
Vacuum chamber 3 is closed, is vacuumized, starts to measure.
It is known that sample activity and time of measuring, three kinds of differences are measured for 4 π of 2 π measurements, 4 π measurements and added electric field
Test condition, we draw table 1 below：
Table 1：The nose swab measurement efficiency table of comparisons under the conditions of three kinds
As can be seen from Table 1, two nose swabs are sample, and sample activity is 978Bq, time of measuring 180s.For 2 π
4 π of measurement, 4 π measurements and added electric field measure three kinds of different test conditions, and we draw lives to same sample count value, measurement
Degree, the ratio according to measurement activity and sample activity, the detection efficient that the present invention is calculated are significantly improved.
But because background counting rate is low, sample-out count time lengthening is 30 minutes by we, is surveyed for common Alpha-ray 2 π
Background count is distinguished under metering system in amount, 4 π of the present invention measurements and the π of added electric field of the present invention 4 measurements three
For 2,0 and 0, illustrate that background count can be ignored under measuring condition of the present invention.
It follows that our detection efficient is 58% or so.Us are measured after so efficiency is demarcated according to detection efficient
Value, when needing to detect test crowd, we can calculate actual according to the efficiency value of measurement activity and demarcation
Activity value.
Detection time of the present invention is short, is adapted to the measurement of high-volume Mass screening.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：Nose swab including installing nose swab
Frame, specimen holder, the vacuum chamber for installing nose swab frame, the nose swab are made up of bar portion and head, and head is enclosed with filter membrane；
The nose swab frame can install an at least nose swab, and do not block the head of nose swab；
The specimen holder is horizontal positioned cuboid, inner hollow, including left surface, right flank, front end face, rear end face,
Four faces are provided with window, and ejecting mechanism is provided with rear end face in specimen holder, and nose swab frame can insert from specimen holder front end face, and
It is fitted close with ejecting mechanism；
A detector is arranged with left and right sides of specimen holder, the detector connects an advance signal process circuit respectively, and detects
Nose swab head center in the face nose swab frame of device center；
The vacuum chamber includes preceding sealing plate and rear sealing plate, and preceding sealing plate connects with vacuum chamber upset, and specimen holder is located at vacuum
Intracavitary, front and rear end are respectively facing forward and backward sealing plate, and left and right side is provided with the retaining mechanism being fixed in vacuum chamber,
Sealing plate, which is provided with, afterwards connects the signaling interface of advance signal process circuit, connects detector and advance signal process circuit power end
Power interface and the vacuum pipe interface for connecing vacuum lead.
It is 2. according to claim 1 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Nose swab frame is the rectangle laminated structure being vertically arranged, and nose swab frame is provided with two through holes for running through its tow sides, two
Through hole horizontal distribution, several horizontal necks is provided between two through hole, the bar portion of nose swab can be connected in neck, and head is located at
In one through hole.
It is 3. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：Institute
State retaining mechanism and be provided with a field generator, the positive pole of field generator is located at the end that ejecting mechanism touches with nose swab bridge joint
Face, negative pole are located at vacuum cavity wall and are provided with becket with specimen holder left and right side face, the nose swab frame tow sides,
And when nose swab frame and ejecting mechanism are fitted close, becket connects with field generator positive pole.
It is 4. according to claim 1 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Detector is circle, and its test surface is parallel with the nose swab frame in insertion specimen holder.
It is 5. according to claim 1 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Nose swab frame, specimen holder are made of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.
It is 6. according to claim 1 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：Detection
Device and advance signal process circuit are fixed on specimen holder by a support.
It is 7. according to claim 3 a kind of for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity, it is characterised in that：It is described
Becket is located at the interior edge of through hole.
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| CN201610139136.XA CN105549061B (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2016-03-11 | One kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity |
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| CN201610139136.XA CN105549061B (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2016-03-11 | One kind is used for pollution nose swab detection means in alpha activity |
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| CN105549061B true CN105549061B (en) | 2018-02-16 |
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| CN112612049A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-06 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | Distance-adjustable vacuum radioactivity detection device and detection method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203275663U (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-11-06 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A portable polonium-210 measuring instrument |
| CN104808235A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-07-29 | 北京师范大学 | Human nasal swab alpha ray dose fast detector with automatic sample change function |
| CN205404817U (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 成都理工大学 | Be used for alpha radioactivity internal contamination nose swab detection device |
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2016
- 2016-03-11 CN CN201610139136.XA patent/CN105549061B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203275663U (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-11-06 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A portable polonium-210 measuring instrument |
| CN104808235A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2015-07-29 | 北京师范大学 | Human nasal swab alpha ray dose fast detector with automatic sample change function |
| CN205404817U (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 成都理工大学 | Be used for alpha radioactivity internal contamination nose swab detection device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| α粒子擦拭物检测仪探测系统的改进;谢群芳等;《核电子学与探测技术》;20130831;第33卷(第8期);第969-971页 * |
| 基于PIPS探测器的便携式α谱仪研制;成毅等;《核电子学与探测技术》;20110430;第31卷(第4期);第444-450页 * |
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Inventor after: Cheng Yi Inventor after: Tuo Xianguo Inventor after: Yang Guoshan Inventor after: Ji Yunlong Inventor after: Yao Fuliang Inventor after: Li Sangang Inventor after: Zhao Baijun Inventor after: Yu Yunqiang Inventor before: Cheng Yi Inventor before: Tuo Xianguo Inventor before: Yao Fuliang Inventor before: Li Sangang Inventor before: Zhao Baijun Inventor before: Yu Yunqiang |
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Effective date of registration: 20160518 Address after: Three road 610059 Sichuan city of Chengdu province Chenghua District Erxian Qiaodong No. 1 Applicant after: Chengdu University of Technology Applicant after: Emission and Radiation Medical Research Institute Address before: Three road 610059 Sichuan city of Chengdu province Chenghua District Erxian Qiaodong No. 1 Applicant before: Chengdu University of Technology |
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