CN105543841A - Method for preparing composite abrasion-resistant layer on copper-based bearing alloy surface through laser cladding - Google Patents
Method for preparing composite abrasion-resistant layer on copper-based bearing alloy surface through laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN105543841A CN105543841A CN201610008602.0A CN201610008602A CN105543841A CN 105543841 A CN105543841 A CN 105543841A CN 201610008602 A CN201610008602 A CN 201610008602A CN 105543841 A CN105543841 A CN 105543841A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite abrasion-resistant layer on the copper-based bearing alloy surface through laser cladding. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the copper-based bearing alloy surface is pretreated; (2) titanium powder, graphite and nickel powder are evenly mixed after being dried; (3) the mixed powder and lac are mixed and then blended to be a paste by adding absolute ethyl alcohol; (4) the substrate surface is coated with the paste and polished after the paste is dried and solidified; (5) the composite abrasion-resistant layer is obtained on the substrate surface through laser scanning; and (6) residual thermal stress is removed through burnishing treatment by means of milligram energy equipment after the surface is polished and burnished again. According to the method, obtained copper-based bearing alloy provided with the composite abrasion-resistant layer has the self-lubricating function and the characteristics of good abrasion resistance and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material technology, particularly a kind of copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding prepares the method for composite wear-resistant layer.
Background technology
Copper base bearing metals, comprise tinbronze, lead bronze, xantal and berylliumbronze etc., be widely used on various heavy-duty sliding bearing because it possesses excellent antifriction performance, castability and mechanical property, as Large Crusher, boats and ships, cargo truck, heavy oil engine, generator etc., it is one of important consumptive material of machinery industry.
But above-mentioned various material all exists certain defect, if tinbronze and lead bronze are as the bearing metal applied the earliest, there is self-lubricating effect good, the advantages such as antifriction quality is good, but because tin, lead belong to low melting point metal, and hardness is lower, therefore be not suitable for high temperature HI high impact occasion; Lead bronze can cause larger heavy metal contamination aborning simultaneously, berylliumbronze good combination property, thermal conductivity is good, after thermal treatment, even intensity, wear resistant corrosion resistant, castibility is good, be suitable for manufacturing various wear part and at a high speed, the bearing, the lining that work under high pressure and high temperature, but berylliumbronze because of it is expensive, beryllium is malicious public hazards and yield rate low and the production of this alloy and use are restricted; The BeO powder that berylliumbronze is released in the operation such as melting, processing has very large harm to human body, and environmental protection equipment also will carry out investment.The crystallization range of xantal is very little, good fluidity, dense structure, but its linear shrinkage ratio is large, easily cracks in processing.
In addition; because the value of copper alloy is higher; therefore the key position of main equipment is often used to; once after wear out failure replacement cost and the idleness expense that brings all very huge; how to improve the work-ing life of copper/copper alloy bearing, minimizing equipment downtime and replacing number of times become an industry issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of method that copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding prepares composite wear-resistant layer, by design wearing layer composition, through coating and laser melting coating, Cu-TiC-C composite self-lubricating wearing layer is made at copper base bearing metals, improve wear resisting property, increase the service life.
Method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1, copper base bearing metals surface preparation: remove the zone of oxidation on copper base bearing metals surface, greasy dirt and corrosion; Carrying out shot-peening frosting treatment to copper base bearing metals surface, is Ra3.2 ~ Ra6.3 to surfaceness, obtains matrix;
2, mixed powder is prepared: titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder are dried at 110 ~ 150 DEG C respectively and remove moisture, then put into mixer and mix, obtain mixed powder; Mixed powder contains titanium valve 60 ~ 61% by weight percentage, graphite 20 ~ 21%, and all the other are nickel powder;
3, prepare coating material: mixed with shellac by mixed powder, then add dehydrated alcohol and be modulated into pasty state, obtain coating material, wherein the weight ratio of mixed powder and shellac is 1:(0.1 ~ 0.3);
4, preset: coating material is coated in matrix surface formed precoated layer, after precoated layer drying is solidified, be polished into thickness be 0.5 ± 0.02mm treat cladding coating;
5, laser scanning: treat cladding coating and carry out laser scanning, uses rectangular light spot during laser scanning surface, exports continuously, laser power density 120 ~ 150W/mm
2, sweep velocity 600 ~ 800mm/min, overlapping rate 5 ~ 10%; Composite wear-resistant layer is obtained at matrix surface after surface sweeping completes;
6, aftertreatment: matrix grinder buffing polishing surface being had composite wear-resistant layer, removes surface oxide layer; Then adopting milligram energy equipment to carry out polished finish, is Ra1.6 ~ Ra1.7 to roughness, to remove residual thermal stress.
Above-mentioned copper base bearing metals selects tinbronze bearing alloy, Ajax or xantal bearing metal.
The granularity of above-mentioned titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder is less than 250 orders, wherein titanium valve purity >=99.5%, graphite purity >=99.5%, nickel powder purity >=99.5%.
In above-mentioned step 2, put into mixer mixing time at least 2 hours, the revolution of mixer is at 400 ~ 500rpm.
In aforesaid method, when mixed powder was placed more than 1 hour, need again mix.
The thickness of above-mentioned composite wear-resistant layer is 0.09 ~ 0.12mm, surface hardness HV1000 ~ HV1100.
Method of the present invention adopts laser technology, and can prepare the specific function layer forming metallurgical binding with matrix, thickness can control as required in 0.15 ~ 0.6mm scope, thus significantly improves the performance such as wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-oxidant of substrate material surface; By the shot blasting on surface frosting treatment of copper base bearing metals to avoid copper alloy to the strong reflection effect of laser, facilitate the preset of powder simultaneously.
The present invention utilizes the high-energy-density feature of laser, by the introducing of laser energy, impel Ti+C=TiC to react to carry out, and by the Continuous irradiation of laser, previous reaction can be carried out continuously, release of heat simultaneously, and make matrix surface local melting form micro-molten bath, because Ni and Cu can be infinitely solid molten, the copper alloy of the Ni of fusing and workpiece surface fusing forms the higher cupronickel of one deck intensity, and due to Ni proportion larger, can be enriched in bottom molten bath, the TiC that reaction generates is then because proportion is lighter, be in the upper layer in molten bath, in powder configuration simultaneously, the ratio of graphite exceedes the quantity needed for reaction, oxygen in part graphite and air reacts and generates CO
2, play and prevent oxygenizement, remaining graphite content forms the admittedly molten functional layer (composite wear-resistant layer) being organized in surface and being formed of supersaturation with free state and TiC-Cu-Ni component, TiC and free state graphite (thickness 0.03 ~ 0.05mm is contained on its upper strata, TiC volume accounts for 35 ~ 45%, free state graphite volume accounts for 3 ~ 5%), simultaneously due to the tin in part native copper alloy, the impact of lead composition evaporation and cooling meat, a large amount of small holes (accounting for 12 ~ 17% of volume) is produced on upper strata, remainder then fuses metallographic admittedly for Cu-Ni, the lower floor of functional layer then mainly Cu-Ni admittedly fuse gold, increase gradually with degree of depth Ni composition, and form firmly fine and close metallurgical binding with native copper alloy, in the upper strata of above-mentioned functions layer, the TiC generated is uniformly distributed, its microhardness is high, wear-resisting effect can well be played, the Ni-Cu alloy phase of bottom, both ensure that the mortise of top layer and matrix, certain shock absorption and fixed action can also be played simultaneously, local is caused to scratch or come off after avoiding top layer to receive local assault, uncombined carbon composition wherein, in use along with the increase of wearing and tearing is progressively worn away, provide good self-lubricating property, and the hole on top layer can allow lubricating oil can distribute uniformly and whole working face, form good oil-bound film, further minimizing is to the wearing and tearing of working face, and significantly reduce frictional coefficient.
The copper base bearing metals with composite wear-resistant layer that method of the present invention obtains has self-lubricating function, and wear resistance is good, the feature of long service life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the copper base bearing metals electron-microscope scanning figure with composite wear-resistant layer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains, and in figure, A is composite wear-resistant layer upper strata, and B is composite wear-resistant layer lower floor, and C is matrix;
Fig. 2 is the composite wear-resistant layer upper strata low magnification micrographs figure with the copper base bearing metals of composite wear-resistant layer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains;
Fig. 3 is the composite wear-resistant layer upper strata high magnification micrographs figure with the copper base bearing metals of composite wear-resistant layer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains; In figure, D is free state graphite;
Fig. 4 is the composite wear-resistant layer with the copper base bearing metals of composite wear-resistant layer and the matrix junction electron-microscope scanning figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 acquisition, and in figure, left side is matrix, and right side is transitional zone;
Fig. 5 is the wear resistance testing device structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention; In figure, 1, retaining plate, 2, oil filling pipe, 3, steel loop, 4, test sample block, 5, hydro-cylinder.
Embodiment
The titanium valve adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, nickel powder and graphite are commercial products; Wherein the granularity of titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder is less than 250 orders, wherein titanium valve purity >=99.5%, graphite purity >=99.5%, nickel powder purity >=99.5%.
The dehydrated alcohol adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is the pure dehydrated alcohol of commercial reagent.
The laser apparatus adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is the solid-state fiber coupled laser of 2000W, and during work, optical maser wavelength is 1080nm.
Argon shield is passed in laser scanning process of the present invention.
The mixer adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is circular cone mixer.
Polishing in step 4 of the present invention and 6 is that the TWS6600 electric angle grinder adopted coordinates 400# or 500# flap wheel to polish.
The milligram energy unit type adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is HK30C.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the upper strata of composite wear-resistant layer is Cu-TiC-C layer, and thickness 0.03 ~ 0.05mm, TiC volume accounts for 35 ~ 45%, and free state graphite volume accounts for 3 ~ 5%, and cavity portion accounts for 12 ~ 17% of Cu-TiC-C layer cumulative volume.
The equipment carrying out electron-microscope scanning employing in the embodiment of the present invention is PhenomPure scanning electron microscope, and the software analyzing area is PhenomProSuite.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus structure of wear resisting property test as shown in Figure 5, testing method is fixed on retaining plate by test sample block, by adjusting the pressure of hydro-cylinder, keep the contact pressure of sample block and steel loop constant, during test, steel loop rotates with constant speed clockwise under driven by motor, simultaneously by oil filling pipe to the continuous oiling of contact surface, to simulate normal sliding surface bearing working order.
Embodiment 1
Copper base bearing metals selects ZCuSn10Pb1 tinbronze bearing alloy;
Remove the zone of oxidation on copper base bearing metals surface, greasy dirt and corrosion; Carrying out shot-peening frosting treatment to copper base bearing metals surface, is Ra5.1 to surfaceness, obtains matrix;
Titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder are dried at 110 ~ 150 DEG C respectively and removes moisture, then put into mixer and mix, obtain mixed powder; Mixed powder contains titanium valve 60% by weight percentage, graphite 20%, and all the other are nickel powder; Wherein mixing time 2 hours, the revolution of mixer is at 500rpm;
Mixed with shellac by mixed powder, then add dehydrated alcohol and be modulated into pasty state, obtain coating material, wherein the weight ratio of mixed powder and shellac is 1:0.2;
Coating material is coated in matrix surface formed precoated layer, after precoated layer drying is solidified, be polished into thickness be 0.5 ± 0.02mm treat cladding coating;
Treat cladding coating and carry out laser scanning, use rectangular light spot during laser scanning surface, export continuously, laser power density 120W/mm
2, sweep velocity 600mm/min, overlapping rate 5%; Composite wear-resistant layer is obtained at matrix surface after surface sweeping completes;
Surface there is is the matrix grinder buffing polishing of composite wear-resistant layer, remove surface oxide layer; Then adopting milligram energy equipment to carry out polished finish, is Ra1.6 to roughness, to remove residual thermal stress;
The thickness of the composite wear-resistant layer of matrix surface is 0.09mm, surface hardness HV1100;
As shown in Figure 1, visible obviously exist umbrella organisations compared with multi-hole and fine and close lower-hierarchy to the electron micrograph of product, and along with the increase of the degree of depth, composite wear-resistant layer and matrix define good metallurgical binding;
Composite wear-resistant layer upper strata low magnification micrographs as shown in Figure 2, can obviously see formed hole, uses analysis software, and statistics area is 15%;
Composite wear-resistant layer upper strata high magnification micrographs as shown in Figure 3, the dendritic TIC crystal of white a large amount of as seen, and a small amount of free state graphite structure, and continuous print cupronickel tissue;
As shown in Figure 4, there is a small amount of cupronickel tissue in composite wear-resistant layer and matrix junction electron micrograph, progressively transits to and form firmly metallurgical binding with native copper alloy structure, dense structure's zero defect in visible transitional zone, in conjunction with good;
(material is 45# steel with steel loop to adopt above-mentioned surface to have the matrix (size 40mm × 40mm × 20mm) of composite wear-resistant layer, size φ 100mm × 40mm) form friction pair, friction testing is carried out by preceding method, surface of friction uses shell S2M oil lubrication, contact pressure 8MPa, steel loop revolution 600 revs/min, long run test 100 hours, weight loss 67.4mg; Adopt undressed copper base bearing metals to carry out simultaneous test by same method, weight loss 88.6mg simultaneously; Be equivalent to improve work-ing life 31.1%, sufficient proof copper base bearing metals after treatment has good wear-resisting effect of lengthening the life.
Embodiment 2
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) copper base bearing metals selects ZCuPb30 Ajax;
(2) carrying out shot-peening frosting treatment to copper base bearing metals surface, is Ra3.2 to surfaceness;
(3) mixed powder is by weight percentage containing titanium valve 61%, graphite 21%, and all the other are nickel powder; Mixing time 2.5 hours, the revolution of mixer is at 450rpm;
(4) weight ratio of mixed powder and shellac is 1:0.3;
(5) treat cladding coating and carry out laser scanning, use rectangular light spot during laser scanning surface, export continuously, laser power density 130W/mm
2, sweep velocity 700mm/min, overlapping rate 8%;
(6) milligram energy equipment carries out polished finish to roughness is Ra1.7;
(7) thickness of the composite wear-resistant layer of matrix surface is 0.1mm, surface hardness HV1080;
(8) composite wear-resistant layer upper strata low magnification micrographs as shown in Figure 2, can obviously see formed hole, uses analysis software, and statistics area is 17%
(9) friction testing display contrasts with undressed copper base bearing metals and improves work-ing life 33%.
Embodiment 3
Method is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
(1) copper base bearing metals aluminium Volvit;
(2) carrying out shot-peening frosting treatment to copper base bearing metals surface, is Ra6.3 to surfaceness;
(3) mixed powder is by weight percentage containing titanium valve 60.3%, graphite 20.2%, and all the other are nickel powder; Mixing time 3 hours, the revolution of mixer is at 400rpm;
(4) weight ratio of mixed powder and shellac is 1:0.1;
(5) treat cladding coating and carry out laser scanning, use rectangular light spot during laser scanning surface, export continuously, laser power density 150W/mm
2, sweep velocity 800mm/min, overlapping rate 10%;
(6) milligram energy equipment carries out polished finish to roughness is Ra1.7;
(7) thickness of the composite wear-resistant layer of matrix surface is 0.12mm, surface hardness HV1000;
(8) composite wear-resistant layer upper strata low magnification micrographs as shown in Figure 2, can obviously see formed hole, uses analysis software, and statistics area is 12%
(9) friction testing display contrasts with undressed copper base bearing metals and improves work-ing life 34%.
Claims (5)
1. copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding prepares a method for composite wear-resistant layer, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) copper base bearing metals surface preparation: remove the zone of oxidation on copper base bearing metals surface, greasy dirt and corrosion; Carrying out shot-peening frosting treatment to copper base bearing metals surface, is Ra3.2 ~ Ra6.3 to surfaceness, obtains matrix;
(2) mixed powder is prepared: titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder are dried at 110 ~ 150 DEG C respectively and remove moisture, then put into mixer and mix, obtain mixed powder; Mixed powder contains titanium valve 60 ~ 61% by weight percentage, graphite 20 ~ 21%, and all the other are nickel powder;
(3) prepare coating material: mixed with shellac by mixed powder, then add dehydrated alcohol and be modulated into pasty state, obtain coating material, wherein the weight ratio of mixed powder and shellac is 1:(0.1 ~ 0.3);
(4) preset: coating material is coated in matrix surface formed precoated layer, after precoated layer drying is solidified, be polished into thickness be 0.5 ± 0.02mm treat cladding coating;
(5) laser scanning: treat cladding coating and carry out laser scanning, uses rectangular light spot during laser scanning surface, exports continuously, laser power density 120 ~ 150W/mm
2, sweep velocity 600 ~ 800mm/min, overlapping rate 5 ~ 10%; Composite wear-resistant layer is obtained at matrix surface after surface sweeping completes;
(6) aftertreatment: matrix grinder buffing polishing surface being had composite wear-resistant layer, removes surface oxide layer; Then adopting milligram energy equipment to carry out polished finish, is Ra1.6 ~ Ra1.7 to roughness, to remove residual thermal stress.
2. copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding according to claim 1 prepares the method for composite wear-resistant layer, it is characterized in that described copper base bearing metals selects tinbronze bearing alloy, Ajax or xantal bearing metal.
3. copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding according to claim 1 prepares the method for composite wear-resistant layer, it is characterized in that the granularity of described titanium valve, graphite and nickel powder is less than 250 orders, wherein titanium valve purity >=99.5%, graphite purity >=99.5%, nickel powder purity >=99.5%.
4. copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding according to claim 1 prepares the method for composite wear-resistant layer, it is characterized in that, in step (2), put into mixer mixing time at least 2 hours, the revolution of mixer is at 400 ~ 500rpm.
5. copper base bearing metals surface laser cladding according to claim 1 prepares the method for composite wear-resistant layer, it is characterized in that described complex abrasion-proof layer thickness is 0.09 ~ 0.12mm, surface hardness HV1000 ~ HV1100.
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| CN106400002A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for eradicating corrosion on surface of aluminum alloy caused by graphite coating |
| CN108187986A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-22 | 安徽江南泵阀有限公司 | A kind of processing method for promoting stainless steel pump shaft and using characteristic |
| CN108950544A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏典悦三维科技有限公司 | The method for improving copper Laser Melting Cover Layer metallurgical bonding intensity |
| CN109238899A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-18 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of the premature wear analyzing evaluation method and its production technology of engines connecting rod bushing |
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| CN110847722A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-28 | 苏州圣典企业管理咨询有限公司 | High-strength intelligent lock capable of performing anti-theft alarm |
| CN111394156A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-10 | 北京稳力科技有限公司 | Alloy-fluororesin double-layer self-lubricating wear-resistant composite material, preparation method thereof and friction pair |
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