CN103878363A - Powder material for boiler tube high temperature resistance and wear resistance protecting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Powder material for boiler tube high temperature resistance and wear resistance protecting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to powder material for boiler tube high temperature resistance and wear resistance protecting and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of surface engineering. The power material comprises the following components, by weight percentage, 10-20% of titanium-nickel alloy powder, 1.5-3.5% of graphite powder, 0.5-1% of silica powder, 8-25% of nickel-chromium alloy powder Ni80Cr20, 5-10% of iron boride powder and the balance of tri-chromium dicarbide powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps that power material is prepared, mix powder is formed, liquid-containing binders are prepared, sizing agents are prepared from the mix powder, prilling is completed through spray drying, and finished product powder is prepared from screening the prilling powder and is used for preparing a cladding layer. The metal cladding layer with high wear resistant duplex ceramic is formed through laser cladding, and the hardness ranges from 1100 HV to 1600 HV, so that the powder material for boiler tube high temperature resistance and wear resistance protecting and the preparation method thereof has the advantages that efficiency of the laser cladding is higher, loss of powder spattering is low, grain of the cladding layer is tiny, wear resistance of the cladding layer is high and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of surface engineering technique, a kind of dusty material and preparation method for the protection of boiler tube high-temperature wearable is particularly provided; Be applicable to the laser melting coating abrasionproof processing of the parts such as circulating fluidized bed boiler water-cooling wall pipe, superheater tube, Coal Saver Hanged Pipe and external bed pipeline.
Background technology
CFBB has that fuel tolerance is strong, efficiency of combustion is high, peaking performance is good, can stove in the advantages such as direct desulfurization, noxious gas emission concentration are low, but due to many-sided reasons such as equipment design, manufacture, installation and operating technologies, the CFBB problems such as having boiler output deficiency, combustion chamber coking and heating surface wear that is in operation, wherein heating surface wear problem is the key factor of this technical development of puzzlement, and it is accompanied by whole burning and diabatic process.Compared with coal-powder boiler, the indoor grain diameter of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler is much bigger, and ash concentration also exceeds tens times of even hundred times.Gas-particle Flows in stove is typical turbulent flow, and in addition, particle, because acting on of gravity circulates in ceaselessly carrying out in combustion chamber, makes the degree of wear of CFBB heating surface much more serious than coal-powder boiler.In addition, at other positions in solid material outer circulation loop as also all there are wearing and tearing in various degree in the places such as cyclone separator, material returning device and external bed.Therefore, taking effective abrasionproof measure is one of research emphasis of circulating fluidized bed technique development.
Although the wash away angle of solid particle on burner hearth wall also exists certain inhomogeneities in burner hearth, grain flow is totally low-angle and washes away wall and cause water screen tube wearing and tearing.The most serious position of water screen tube wearing and tearing mainly comprises burner hearth emulsion zone, refractory material and water screen tube junction, burner hearth dilute-phase zone lower corners region and irregular tube wall region.
The limitation that adopts plasma spray technology to carry out abrasionproof processing to circulating fluidized bed boiler water-cooling wall pipe is coating and substrate combinating strength low (mechanical bond).Use the colms such as gangue during when CFBB, owing to containing Al in coal
2o
3, SiO
2etc. high rigidity impurity, coating is easy spalling failure under the low-angle erosion effect of these hard particles.
Cladding layer prepared by laser cladding has wearing layer densification, reaches the advantages such as metallurgical binding, workpiece thermal deformation be minimum with matrix, but less by dusty material system for the laser melting coating of Cycle Fluid Bed Boiler Antiwear at present.The laser melting coating such as Ni60, Ni65 has the advantages such as fusing point lower (1000 DEG C), wearability are good with self-fluxing alloyed powder material, but its cladding layer hardness is in 600-850HV scope, and its high temperature abrasion resistance is difficult to meet the requirement of water screen tube long-life abrasion-resistant protection.Utilize laser melting coating Cr
3c
2-NiCr dusty material (Cr
3c
2mass percent be generally 75%) wear resistance at elevated temperature of the cladding layer that forms is significantly better than Ni60, Ni65 class material, can reach 1000-1200HV by its prepared cladding layer hardness.But due to Cr
3c
2fusing point is higher, as adopted laser melting coating Cr
3c
2-NiCr powder technology, exists that cladding efficiency is lower, superficial layer oxidation, powder splash loss rate are higher, the more high limitation of micro-crack density.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dusty material and preparation method for the protection of boiler tube high-temperature wearable, overcome the problems such as cladding efficiency is lower, superficial layer oxidation, powder splash loss rate is higher, micro-crack density is higher.Be mainly used in the laser melting coating abrasionproof processing of the parts such as circulating fluidized bed boiler water-cooling wall pipe, superheater tube, Coal Saver Hanged Pipe and external bed pipeline.The dusty material of inventing adopts polynary compound method, forms high abrasion complex phase ceramic-Metal Melting coating by laser melting coating, and its hardness can be in 1100-1600HV scope.The present invention have laser melting coating efficiency compared with high, powder spatter loss is little, cladding layer crystal grain is tiny, cladding layer wearability advantages of higher, can meet the requirement of high-temperature wearable, the long-life work of the various pipes of CFBB.
The present invention realizes by following steps.
Component and each constituent content (percentage by weight) for the preparation of the mixed-powder material of high-temperature wearable cladding layer are: Ti-Ni alloy powder (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 10-20%; Graphite carbon dust: (granularity-300+600 order, purity>=99.5%): 1.5-3.5%; Silica flour: (granularity-200+350 order, purity>=99.5%): 0.5-1%; Nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20): (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 8-25%; Boronation iron powder: (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 5-10%; Cr3C2 powder (Cr
3c
2, granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): surplus.
Wherein, in Ti-Ni alloy powder, each constituent content is: Ni:28-40%, Ti: surplus; In nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20), each constituent content is: Cr:20%; Ni:80%; In ferro-boron powder, each constituent content is: B:10-20%; C:0.05-0.1%; Fe: surplus.
In mixed-powder, each component Main Function is as follows:
Ti-Ni alloy contains Ti
3ni, Ti
3ni phase, the fusing point of Ti-Ni alloy is about 950-1100 DEG C (far below 1640 DEG C of pure titanium fusing points); The main purpose that contains Ti-Ni alloy in powder is: prevent the oxidation of Ti in cladding process, utilize the low melting point characteristic of Ti-Ni alloy to reduce cladding required input heat, and in laser cladding process, making Ti react generation TiC with C, the hardness of TiC can reach 2800HV, far above Cr
3c
2, Fe
2b, (Cr, Fe) B, Ni
2si, Ni
3the wear-resisting phase such as Si, contains a certain amount of TiC and can significantly improve its high temperature abrasion resistance in cladding layer.The effect of silicon is to generate with nickel reactant the nickel silicide that fusing point is lower, and the existence of silicon can improve cladding efficiency, improve the non-oxidizability of cladding layer.In powder the Binder Phase mainly as cladding layer (part of nickel and pasc reaction generate silicide) of nickeliferous, chromium; Mixed-powder can form TiC, TiB after cladding
2, Cr
3c
2, Fe
2b, (Cr, Fe) B, Ni
2si, Ni
3wear-resisting phase and Ni-Cr-Fe alloy bonding phase that the disperses such as Si distribute.Polynary compound by ceramic phase, both can improve by crystal grain thinning toughness and the wearability of cladding layer, can reduce again the heat (play reduce dilution rate, improve the effect of cladding efficiency) of cladding powder required input.
Preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1, preparation powder stock
Content (percentage by weight) scope of described powder stock is as follows:
Ti-Ni alloy powder (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 10-20%; Graphite carbon dust: (granularity-300+600 order, purity>=99.5%): 1.5-3.5%; Silica flour: (granularity-200+350 order, purity>=99.5%): 0.5-1%; Nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20): (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 8-25%; Boronation iron powder: (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 5-10%; Cr3C2 powder (Cr
3c
2, granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): surplus.
Wherein, in Ti-Ni alloy powder, each constituent content is: Ni:28-40%, Ti: surplus; In nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20), each constituent content is: Cr:20%; Ni:80%; In ferro-boron powder, each constituent content is: B:10-20%; C:0.05-0.1%; Fe: surplus.
By above-mentioned powder proportions, take required various powder, form powder stock;
2, form mixed-powder
(1) powder stock described in step 1 is put into drying box and be dried, baking temperature is 110-120 DEG C, and be 3-4 hour drying time;
(2) utilize dry powder mixing equipment mixed-powder raw material, form mixed-powder, mixing time is 6-8 hour;
3, obtaining liq binding agent
The percentage by weight that the each component of liquid-containing binder obtains is: PVB-6 glue: 4-8%; Industrial alcohol: surplus.Its manufacture craft is as follows: (1) adds industrial alcohol (purity is 97%) in reactor, (2) at room temperature add PVB-6 glue the artificial agitated liquid 5-10 minute of desired content, (3) reactor is warming up to 50-80 DEG C, insulation 30-40 minute, after PVB is entirely molten, reduce temperature in the kettle to normal temperature, form liquid-containing binder.
4, mixed-powder is made to slurry
The liquid-containing binder that adds step 3 to prepare in mixed-powder, wherein the percentage by weight of liquid phase and solid phase is: liquid-containing binder: 38-60%; Mixed-powder: surplus.
Utilize horizontal single paddle mixer by solid and liquid agitation, liquid-containing binder is well dispersed in mixed-powder, form slurry.
5, spray drying granulation
Utilize spray dryer the slurry preparing to be carried out in atmosphere to mist projection granulating, wherein inlet temperature is controlled at 110-210 DEG C, and outlet temperature is controlled at 85-110 DEG C.
6, screening prilling powder
Powder after granulation in step 4 is sieved through double-deck reciprocating sieve, obtaining granularity is 325-140 object finished product powder, wherein the residual powder obtaining under the upper and sieve of sieve is by step 4,5 operation granulation again, again the powder after granulation is put into double-deck reciprocating sieve, then the powder (325-140 order) in sieve is collected as to finished product powder.
7, prepare cladding layer
Prepare cladding layer equipment and comprise the direct output laser of semiconductor or semiconductor optical fibre output laser, screw synchronous powder feeder and boiler tube cladding workbench etc.Laser output power is 1-3kW.When cladding, powder is added to nitrogen or argon plays protection.Laser melting and coating process is existing mature technology, when cladding, laser head maintains static, utilize the compound motion of numerical control device control boiler tube or rotation and stepping for the helical movement with respect to laser head, realize the laser overlapping cladding in the required cladding of boiler tube outer surface region, cladding layer thickness is 400-1200 μ m.
Advantage of the present invention is: utilize the melt-blended powder of high-energy-density laser beam, form the wear-resisting cladding layer being strengthened by complex phase ceramic particle at water screen tube outer surface, cladding layer and matrix reach metallurgical binding, dilution rate is low.Method of the present invention has that preparation cost is lower, high, the advantage such as technique simpler high with wearability of cladding layer hardness, the high-temperature wearable life-span that can significant prolongation boiler tube.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that cladding layer microhardness is with cladding layer change in depth curve.
Fig. 2 is the Coal Saver Hanged Pipe photo with laser cladding layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment: prepare wear-resisting cladding layer at Coal Saver Hanged Pipe outer surface
One, prepare finished product powder
1, preparation powder stock
Content (percentage by weight) scope of described powder stock is as follows:
The component of mixed-powder material and each constituent content (percentage by weight) are: Ti-Ni alloy powder (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 15%; Graphite carbon dust: (granularity-300+600 order, purity>=99.5%): 2.625%; Silica flour: (granularity-200+350 order, purity>=99.5%): 1%; Nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20): (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 12%; Boronation iron powder: (granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): 8%; Cr3C2 powder (Cr
3c
2, granularity-200+400 order, purity>=99.5%): surplus.
Wherein, in Ti-Ni alloy powder, each constituent content is: Ni:30%, Ti: surplus; In nichrome powder (Ni80Cr20), each constituent content is: Cr:20%; Ni:80%; In ferro-boron powder, each constituent content is: B:15%; C:0.08%; Fe: surplus.By above-mentioned powder proportions, take required various powder, form powder stock;
2, form mixed-powder
(1) powder stock described in step 1 is put into drying box and be dried, baking temperature is 110 DEG C, and be 3 hours drying time;
(2) utilize dry powder mixing equipment mixed-powder raw material, form mixed-powder, mixing time is 8 hours;
3, obtaining liq binding agent
The percentage by weight that the each component of liquid-containing binder obtains is: PVB-6 glue: 5%; Industrial alcohol: surplus.Its manufacture craft is as follows: (1) adds industrial alcohol (purity is 97%) in reactor, (2) at room temperature add the PVB-6 glue of desired content artificial agitated liquid 5 minutes, (3) reactor is warming up to 70 DEG C, be incubated 40 minutes, after PVB is entirely molten, reduce temperature in the kettle to normal temperature, form liquid-containing binder.
4, mixed-powder is made to slurry
The liquid-containing binder that adds step 3 to prepare in mixed-powder, wherein the percentage by weight of liquid phase and solid phase is: liquid-containing binder: 45%; Mixed-powder: surplus.
Utilize horizontal single paddle mixer by solid and liquid agitation, liquid-containing binder is well dispersed in mixed-powder, form slurry.
5, spray drying granulation
Utilize spray dryer the slurry preparing to be carried out in atmosphere to mist projection granulating, wherein inlet temperature is controlled at 160 DEG C, and outlet temperature is controlled at 90 DEG C.
6, screening prilling powder
Powder after granulation in step 4 is counted to the double-deck reciprocating sieve that is respectively 325,140 through looking over so as to check, obtaining granularity is 325-140 object finished product powder, wherein the residual powder obtaining under the upper and sieve of sieve is by step 4,5 operation granulation again, again the powder after granulation is put into double-deck reciprocating sieve, then in sieving, powder (325-140 order) is collected as finished product powder.
Two, wear-resisting cladding layer preparation technology
Prepare wear-and corrosion-resistant cladding layer at coal economizer of circulating fluidized bed boiler column pipe outer surface (All Ranges), column pipe material is 20G steel, and its external diameter 60mm, pipe thickness 6mm, length are 5m.
The processing step of preparing wear-resisting cladding layer is:
(1) utilize electric wheel manual to column pipe outer surface eliminate rust, smooth processing;
(2) prepare wear-resisting cladding layer at column pipe outer surface.
The parts such as high power semiconductor optical fiber output laser, screw synchronous powder feeder and boiler tube cladding workbench that the equipment of preparing cladding layer is mainly 1.2kW by rated output power form.When cladding, powder is added to nitrogen or argon shield.When cladding, laser head maintains static, and utilizes numerical control device control column pipe for the helical movement with respect to laser head, realizes the laser overlapping cladding at boiler tube outer surface.The rotary speed of column pipe is that 0.8 revolutions per second, screw pitch are 1.2mm, and gained cladding layer average thickness is 700 μ m.
Claims (4)
1. the dusty material for the protection of boiler tube high-temperature wearable, it is characterized in that, component and each constituent content percentage by weight are: Ti-Ni alloy powder: 10-20%, graphite carbon dust: 1.5-3.5%, silica flour: 0.5-1%, nichrome powder Ni80Cr20:8-25%, boronation iron powder: 5-10%, Cr3C2 powder: surplus.
2. dusty material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in Ti-Ni alloy powder, each constituent content is: Ni:28-40%, Ti: surplus; In nichrome powder Ni80Cr20, each constituent content is: Cr:20%; Ni:80%, in boronation iron powder, each constituent content is: B:10-20%, C:0.05-0.1%; Fe: surplus.
3. a preparation method for dusty material described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation powder stock
The content weight percentage ranges of described powder stock is as follows:
Ti-Ni alloy powder: 10-20%, graphite carbon dust: 1.5-3.5%, silica flour: 0.5-1%, nichrome powder Ni80Cr20:8-25%, boronation iron powder: 5-10%, Cr3C2 powder: surplus;
Wherein, in Ti-Ni alloy powder, each constituent content is: Ni:28-40%, Ti: surplus; In nichrome powder Ni80Cr20, each constituent content is: Cr:20%; Ni:80%, in ferro-boron powder, each constituent content is: B:10-20%, C:0.05-0.1%; Fe: surplus;
By above-mentioned powder proportions, take required various powder, form powder stock;
(2) form mixed-powder
1) powder stock described in step 1 is put into drying box and be dried, baking temperature is 110-120 DEG C, and be 3-4 hour drying time;
2) utilize dry powder mixing equipment mixed-powder raw material, form mixed-powder, mixing time is 6-8 hour;
(3) obtaining liq binding agent
The percentage by weight that the each component of liquid-containing binder obtains is: PVB-6 glue: 4-8%; Industrial alcohol: surplus;
(4) mixed-powder is made to slurry
The liquid-containing binder that adds step (3) preparation in mixed-powder, wherein the percentage by weight of liquid phase and solid phase is: liquid-containing binder: 38-60%; Mixed-powder: surplus;
Utilize horizontal single paddle mixer by solid and liquid agitation, liquid-containing binder is well dispersed in mixed-powder, form slurry;
(5) spray drying granulation
Utilize spray dryer the slurry preparing to be carried out in atmosphere to mist projection granulating, wherein inlet temperature is controlled at 110-210 DEG C, and outlet temperature is controlled at 85-110 DEG C;
(6) screening prilling powder
Powder after granulation in step (4) is sieved through double-deck reciprocating sieve, obtaining granularity is 325-140 object finished product powder, wherein the residual powder that obtain of sieve above and under sieve is by the operation granulation again of step (4), (5), again the powder after granulation is put into double-deck reciprocating sieve, then be finished product powder by the powder collection in sieve.
4. according to the method described in claim, it is characterized in that, the manufacture craft of described liquid-containing binder is as follows:
(1) in reactor, add industrial alcohol, purity is 97%,
(2) at room temperature add PVB-6 glue the artificial agitated liquid 5-10 minute of desired content,
(3) reactor is warming up to 50-80 DEG C, insulation 30-40 minute, after PVB is entirely molten, reduces temperature in the kettle to normal temperature, forms liquid-containing binder.
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Application publication date: 20140625 |