CN105537879A - Machining method used for thin-wall cavity type magnesium-lithium alloy part - Google Patents
Machining method used for thin-wall cavity type magnesium-lithium alloy part Download PDFInfo
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- CN105537879A CN105537879A CN201610054306.4A CN201610054306A CN105537879A CN 105537879 A CN105537879 A CN 105537879A CN 201610054306 A CN201610054306 A CN 201610054306A CN 105537879 A CN105537879 A CN 105537879A
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- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to a machining method used for a thin-wall cavity type magnesium-lithium alloy part. The machining method comprises at least the following steps that (1) bar blanking is conducted; (2) outer circle turning is conducted, and a deep hole is drilled and turned; (3) rough milling is conducted on the part shape, and a 2 mm unilateral allowance is reserved; (4) according to part requirements, the deep hole in the step (2) is numerically milled to form a mold cavity; (5) the part is subjected to heat treatment, firstly, the part is washed to be clean through gasoline and placed in air to be aired thoroughly, the effect that no cuttings are on the surface of the part is ensured, and after the part is heated to 90 DEG C and heat preservation is conducted for 3 h in a thermotank, air cooling is conducted to the room temperature; (6) half-finish-milling is conducted on the part surface; (7) subzero treatment is conducted on the part, small fragmental or pulverized cuttings on the part are cleared away before furnace charging, then the part is put into a refrigeration box to be subjected to heat preservation for 5-6 h in -195 DEG C liquid nitrogen, and air cooling is conducted to the room temperature; (8) finish-milling is conducted on the part surface according to the edge distance size requirement of the part surface; and (9) finishing is conducted. Through the machining method, safety and high-quality during machining of the thin-wall cavity type magnesium-lithium alloy part are achieved, and the anti-corrosion capacity is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machining process, particularly a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part.Relate to the field of machining of magnesium lithium alloy part.
Background technology
" magnesium alloy application and industrialization " are that " 11th Five-Year " is calculated gives priority to project in country.Magnesium is one of element that on the earth, content is very abundant, and has a lot of excellent performance.The density of magnesium alloy is 1.8g/cm3, lighter than aluminium alloy by 36%, kirsite is light by 73%, steel is light by 77%, is the structural metallic material that in practical metal, weight is the lightest, and when same intensity, the parts of magnesium alloy can do more frivolous than the parts of plastics, aluminium; Magnesium alloy is less than the cutting resistance of other metals, its cutting resistance be aluminium alloy O.56,0.43 of brass, 0.29 of cast iron, so machining efficiency can be improved; Magnesium alloy has the characteristic of regenerating easily, and alternatively the new material of plastics, aluminium and iron receives much concern.The manufacture history of magnesium alloy has had nearly 100 years, but due to perishable and price is high, is never used widely.And along with the exploitation of corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy and the increase of magnesium production base in the world, cost of material also decreases, and magnesium alloy is favored again.Along with weaponry is to lightweight, high viability future development, magnesium alloy has been widely used in the field such as weaponry, Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Specific heat due to magnesium is high and thermal conductivity is good, and the heat that friction produces promptly can be diffused into the various piece of part, therefore, can't produce higher temperature when carrying out machining to magnesium alloy.But, when high cutting speed and the amount of feeding large, the heat that part produces also is appreciable, and be probably distorted because temperature is too high distortion; The resistance to corrosion of magnesium alloy is poor, has the danger of burning or blast in the chip carrying out producing in the process of machining to magnesium alloy and fine powder.The chip size that the roughing stage produces is comparatively large, because the thermal conductivity of magnesium is very high, the frictional heat of generation can be scattered and disappeared away rapidly, be difficult to reach ignition temperature, and this stage accident occurs less.But at finishing stage, because produced tiny chip and fine powder have very large specific area, be thus easy to reach ignition temperature and cause burning or explosion accident.In addition, feed rate or bite are too little; Dead time in process is long; Relief angle and the chip space of cutter are too small; Very high cutting speed is have employed when not using cutting fluid; Cutter and the dissimilar metal core be nested in foundry goods serve as a contrast when bumping against and may produce spark; Magnesium chip around lathe or below gather etc., be all the factor caused the accident.Moreover relative humidity is higher, then the possibility of catching fire is larger.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, it can solve the safety and quality problems that occur in thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part machinery process, and can improve magnesium lithium alloy resistance to corrosion.The method meets the processing request of such thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, is characterized in that: which comprises at least following steps:
1) bar under;
2) turning, brill, car deep hole;
3) rough mill External Shape, stay monolateral surplus 2mm;
4) by part requirements to step 2) deep hole carry out several milling die cavity;
5) heat-treat part, first with gasoline, Cleaning of Parts is totally placed in air and thoroughly dries, ensure piece surface chipless, by part after oven heat to temperature 90 DEG C, insulation 3h, then air cooling is to room temperature;
6) to piece surface half finish-milling, staying finish-milling surplus monolateral is 1mm`, and ensures the mutual perpendicularity 0.05mm of the vertical plane of part;
7) subzero treatment is carried out to part, the broken little or dust-like chip on part before shove charge, will be cleaned out; Part is put into household freezer at-195 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, after insulation 5 ~ 6h, air cooling is to room temperature again;
8) finish-milling piece surface, by the back gauge dimensional requirement finish-milling of piece surface, and ensures vertical plane vertical 0.03mm, the soffit plane degree 0.02mm mutually of part;
9) finish.
Also comprise first time aided process procedure of processing between described step 6) and step 7), namely Milling Process is carried out to parts locally vat and macropore; Also comprise second time aided process procedure of processing between described step 8) and step 9), namely Milling Process is carried out to parts locally small boss and aperture.
In described each step, car, milling equipment must clean totally, without assorted bits; Cutting tool wants sharp and smooth; Part flow turns in journey, and each step turns in journey at part flow, and part water or Ultrasonic Cleaning totally, soak trivalent chromium passivation agent solution after confirmation drying.
Described step 2) Vehicle Processing time, lathe rotating speed should be less than 400r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm; Lathe tool material is carbide alloy or high-speed steel tool, relief angle α=12 ~ 15 of lathe tool °, anterior angle γ=8 ~ 12 °; During drilling deep hole, the drill bit being less than φ 20mm is adopted to process, timely withdrawing after often boring dark 2mm, and by feed again after drill bit chip cleaning totally.
Described step 4) number milling die cavity, select man-hour lathe rotating speed to be less than 400r/min adding, the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm, and each cutting depth is not more than 4mm, carries out brute force cooling with water or emulsion.
Described step 9) finish-milling piece surface, when fine finishining, frock pressing plate uses glass laminate to compress; Lathe rotating speed should be less than 600r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.1mm; Milling cutter parameter is: anterior angle γ=12 ~ 15 °, relief angle α=13 ~ 18 °, number of teeth Zn=2.
Described step 2) Vehicle Processing time, adopt the cooling of mineral oil cooling fluid, mineral oil free acid content should lower than 0.2%.
Described part is adding man-hour, placing fire extinguisher material in part processing work region.
Described fire distinguisher is D level fire extinguisher, fire blanket or magnesia.
The beneficial effect of the invention: the part that the present invention be directed to magnesium lithium alloy material carries out a kind of method of processing, by to properties of materials and Analysis of Machinability, and according to factors such as process equipment, facility, environmental aspects, formulate rational magnesium lithium alloy parts machining process.This processing technology, by carrying out Special controlling to process and Environmental securities etc. such as equipment, cutter and heat treatments, ensure that the crudy of magnesium lithium alloy thin-wall part; Turn in journey by each step at part flow, part water or Ultrasonic Cleaning are clean, soak trivalent chromium passivation agent solution and subzero treatment solves Anticorrosion Problems after confirmation drying; In process, employing water or emulsion carry out brute force cooling, ensure that chip removal is smooth and easy, adopt placing fire extinguisher material in the cooling of mineral oil cooling fluid and part processing work region, ensure the security of process, avoid accident to occur, improve security performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with embodiment and embodiment accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described, but not as a limitation of the invention/
Fig. 1 is processed thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy design of part schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, part height; 2, breach; 3, screwed hole; 4, periphery wall thickness; 5, bottom thickness; 6, part length; 7, boss; 8, aperture; 9, macropore; 10, boss; 11, part width.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
For a machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, at least comprise the steps:
1) bar under;
2) turning, brill, car deep hole;
3) rough mill External Shape, stay monolateral surplus 2mm;
4) by part requirements to step 2) deep hole carry out several milling die cavity;
5) heat-treat part, first with gasoline, Cleaning of Parts is totally placed in air and thoroughly dries, ensure piece surface chipless, by part after oven heat to temperature 90 DEG C, insulation 3h, then air cooling is to room temperature;
6) to piece surface half finish-milling, staying finish-milling surplus monolateral is 1mm`, and ensures the mutual perpendicularity 0.05mm of the vertical plane of part;
7) subzero treatment is carried out to part, the broken little or dust-like chip on part before shove charge, will be cleaned out; Part is put into household freezer at-195 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, after insulation 5 ~ 6h, air cooling is to room temperature again;
8) finish-milling piece surface, by the back gauge dimensional requirement finish-milling of piece surface, and ensures vertical plane vertical 0.03mm, the soffit plane degree 0.02mm mutually of part;
9) finish.
The material of above-mentioned part is magnesium lithium alloy.
Embodiment 2
For a machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, comprise the steps:
1) bar under;
2) turning, brill, car deep hole; When Vehicle Processing, lathe rotating speed should be less than 400r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm; Lathe tool material is carbide alloy or high-speed steel tool, relief angle α=12 ~ 15 of lathe tool °, anterior angle γ=8 ~ 12 °; During drilling deep hole, adopt the drill bit being less than φ 20mm to process, often to bore after dark 2mm withdrawing in time, and by feed again after clean for drill bit chip cleaning, easily cause magnesium chips to pile up when avoiding drilling deep hole and cause and catch fire; During Vehicle Processing, adopt the cooling of mineral oil cooling fluid, cutting oil should have lower viscosity, and in order to prevent Fu Shi Magnesium alloy, mineral oil free acid content should lower than 0.2%;
3) rough mill External Shape, stay monolateral surplus 2mm;
4) by part requirements to step 2) deep hole carry out several milling die cavity; Select man-hour lathe rotating speed to be less than 400r/min adding, the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm, and each cutting depth is not more than 4mm, carries out brute force cooling with water or emulsion, ensures that chip removal is smooth and easy;
5) heat-treat part, first with gasoline, Cleaning of Parts is totally placed in air and thoroughly dries, ensure piece surface chipless, by part after oven heat to temperature 90 DEG C, insulation 3h, then air cooling is to room temperature;
6) to piece surface half finish-milling, staying finish-milling surplus monolateral is 1mm`, and ensures the mutual perpendicularity 0.05mm of the vertical plane of part;
7) first time aided process procedure of processing, namely Milling Process is carried out to parts locally vat and macropore;
8) subzero treatment is carried out to part, the broken little or dust-like chip on part before shove charge, will be cleaned out; Part is put into household freezer at-195 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, after insulation 5 ~ 6h, air cooling is to room temperature again;
9) finish-milling piece surface, by the back gauge dimensional requirement finish-milling of piece surface, and ensures vertical plane vertical 0.03mm, the soffit plane degree 0.02mm mutually of part; Because magnesium alloy materials is softer, when fine finishining, frock pressing plate uses glass laminate to compress; Lathe rotating speed should be less than 600r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.1mm; The selection anterior angle of milling cutter should suitably increase, and suitably increases chip curling groove space, and milling cutter parameter is: anterior angle γ=12 ~ 15 °, relief angle α=13 ~ 18 °, number of teeth Zn=2;
10) second time aided process procedure of processing, namely carries out Milling Process to parts locally small boss and aperture;
11) finish.
In described each step, car, milling equipment must clean totally, without assorted bits; Cutting tool wants sharp and smooth; Part flow turns in journey; each step turns in journey at part flow; part water or Ultrasonic Cleaning clean; trivalent chromium passivation agent solution is soaked after confirmation drying; this solution belongs to Novel environment-friendlymaterial material; the isolation strip with protective effect can be formed on magnesium lithium alloy surface, intercept the contact of corrosive medium and alloy.
Described part is adding man-hour, placing fire extinguisher material in part processing work region; Described fire distinguisher is D level fire extinguisher, fire blanket or magnesia.D level fire extinguisher: its material uses sodium chloride based powders or a kind of graphite-based powder through Passivation Treatment usually, its principle is suffocated by eliminating oxygen to catch fire; Fire blanket or magnesia: small size available its that catch fire covers, and its principle is also suffocate catch fire by getting rid of oxygen.In a word, no matter when, all can not go to put out by catching fire of causing of magnesium with water or other standard fire suppression device any.Water, other liquid, carbon dioxide, foam etc. all can react with the magnesium be burning, and are strengthen the intensity of a fire instead of suppress the intensity of a fire.
Simultaneously: in process, should points for attention: cutting tool must not scratch, burr and turned, if Tool in Cutting crosses other metal, even if cutting angle does not change, also will sharpening or use oilstone honing again; Magnesium lithium alloy part is avoided directly to contact with corrosive medium; Cutter is not allowed to stop on workpiece; Forbid smoking in processing work district, light a fire, weld.
Method of the present invention is applicable to thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part; The machining process of this thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, ensure the crudy of magnesium lithium alloy thin-wall part, solve the safety problem in magnesium lithium alloy processing, and part flow turns over the Anticorrosion Problems in journey, meets the processing request of such magnesium lithium alloy thin-walled parts.
Embodiment 3
For processing parts, material is magnesium lithium alloy, design of part as shown in Figures 1 and 2, spare part outside measurement part height 1 is 39mm, part length 6 is 69mm, part width 11 is 45mm, and periphery wall thickness 4 is only 2.5mm, and bottom thickness 5 is 2mm, end face has 1 breach 2, feature bottom has 1 macropore 9 diameter to be Φ 24mm, 4 boss 10 has 4 apertures 8 be of a size of Φ 3mm × 30mm(degree of depth), 2 boss 7 have 2 screwed holes 3 be of a size of M2-6H(through hole).
From design of part analysis, spare part outside measurement is comparatively large, and periphery wall thickness is only 2.5mm, and bottom thickness is 2mm, belongs to typical thin-walled lumen type part, design of part poor rigidity, yielding; 4 hole diameters and hole depth rate are 10, belong to elongated hole, add man-hour easy magnesium chips and pile up and cause and catch fire.In addition magnesium lithium alloy is compared with common magnadure, and density is lower, and specific strength is larger, and activity is higher, easilier catches fire in process and corrodes.In addition, magnesium lithium alloy belongs to new material, does not have corresponding national standard, and its hot-working and cold working all do not have ripe experience and can use for reference.Therefore, the Major Difficulties of processing is the crudy how ensureing magnesium lithium alloy thin-wall part, and solution magnesium lithium alloy process safety problem and part flow turn over the Anticorrosion Problems in journey.
Adopt the inventive method to process this magnesium lithium alloy part to comprise the steps:
1) bar under;
2) turning, brill, car deep hole φ 38H10mm, dark 36mm;
3) rough mill four directions, stay monolateral surplus 2mm;
4) count milling die cavity, ensure requirement shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2;
5) heat treatment (timeliness), is first totally placed in air with gasoline by Cleaning of Parts and thoroughly dries, and ensures piece surface chipless, prevents part heated combustion.At oven heat to temperature 90 DEG C, insulation 3h, air cooling to room temperature.Object is stabilizing tissue, eliminates cutting stress;
6) half finish-milling six, ensures six back gauge sizes, and staying finish-milling surplus monolateral is 1mm, and ensures six mutual perpendicularity 0.05mm;
7) aided process processing, milling breach 2, it is 1mm that brill macropore 9 stays finish-milling macropore surplus monolateral;
8) subzero treatment, will clean out the broken little or dust-like chip on part before shove charge.Again magnesium lithium alloy part is put into household freezer at-195 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, insulation 5 ~ 6h, air cooling is to room temperature.Subzero treatment process can refining alloy crystal grain, reduce segregation and all contribute to eliminating the inner galvanic couple gross area of alloy, improve magnesium lithium alloy decay resistance;
9) finish-milling six, ensures the size of part height 1, part length 6, part width 11 shown in diagram 1, and periphery wall thickness (each back gauge gauge) 4, bottom thickness 5, and ensures each mutual perpendicularity 0.03mm, soffit plane degree 0.02mm;
10) milling die cavity stays two boss 7, milling 4 boss 10, determines 4 aperture 8 centers and φ 3mm × 30mm(hole depth of holing), thread Pilot hole, tapping M2-6H are also bored, finish-milling macropore 9 in fixed 2 screwed hole centers 3;
11) finish.
Described step 1) ~ 4), step 6) ~ 7), step 9) ~ 10) part process operation specification: 1) part processing before, first lathe iron filings are thoroughly cleaned totally; 2) cutting tool will keep sharp and smooth, must not scratch, burr and turned.If Tool in Cutting crosses other metal, even if cutting angle does not change, also will sharpening or use oilstone honing again; 3) avoid magnesium lithium alloy directly to contact with corrosive medium, the corrosion of magnesium lithium alloy can be stoped.Turn in journey at part flow, part water or Ultrasonic Cleaning totally, soak trivalent chromium passivation agent solution after confirmation drying.This solution belongs to Novel environment-friendlymaterial material, can form the isolation strip with protective effect, intercept the contact of corrosive medium and alloy on magnesium lithium alloy surface; 4) cutter is not allowed to stop on workpiece; 5) generally large inflow is used, to produce the chip compared with heavy thickness; 6) forbid smoking in processing work district, light a fire, weld; 7) placing fire extinguisher material (D level fire extinguisher, fire blanket or magnesia) in part processing work region.
Described step 2) rough turn deep hole φ 38H10mm, dark 36mm time easily cause magnesium chips to pile up and cause and catch fire, note man-hour adding: 1) select lathe rotating speed 380r/min, amount of feeding 0.6mm; 2) drill bit of φ 8mm should be adopted to carry out prebored hole, then use the drill bit counterboring of φ 15mm.When the bit bore with φ 8mm, often bore the rear withdrawing in time of dark about 2mm, and by anterior angle γ=10 ° large for drill bit magnesium, and feed again after protecting bits cleaning totally; 3) select lathe tool material to be carbide alloy or high-speed steel tool, cutter should have larger relief angle α=13 ° and comparatively hold cutter sharp; 4) adopt the cooling of mineral oil cooling fluid, cutting oil should have lower viscosity, and in order to prevent Fu Shi Magnesium alloy, mineral oil free acid content should lower than 0.2%.
Described step 4) number milling die cavity, because die cavity is comparatively dark, note man-hour selecting lathe rotating speed 380r/min, amount of feeding 0.6mm adding, ensure that each cutting depth is at about 3mm, and cutter is sharp, carry out brute force cooling with water or emulsion, guarantee chip removal is smooth and easy.
Described step 9) Milling Machining, because magnesium alloy materials is softer, during fine finishining, frock pressing plate uses glass laminate to compress; Lathe selection of speed 550r/min, the amount of feeding is 0.2mm; The selection anterior angle of milling cutter should suitably increase, and suitably increases chip curling groove space.The reference value of its selection cutter parameters is: anterior angle γ=13 °, relief angle α=15 °, number of teeth Zn=2.
Described step 10) is processed and easily to be caused magnesium chips to pile up when 4 apertures 8 are of a size of φ 3mm × 30mm and cause and catch fire, cold drill bit in band should be selected man-hour adding, each depth of cut is timely withdrawing after about 2mm, and by feed again after the cleaning totally of drill bit magnesium chips, cutter also to be kept sharp simultaneously.
The parts that the present embodiment does not describe in detail and structure belong to the well-known components of the industry and common structure or conventional means, do not describe one by one here.
Claims (9)
1., for a machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part, it is characterized in that: which comprises at least following steps:
1) bar under;
2) turning, brill, car deep hole;
3) rough mill External Shape, stay monolateral surplus 2mm;
4) by part requirements to step 2) deep hole carry out several milling die cavity;
5) heat-treat part, first with gasoline, Cleaning of Parts is totally placed in air and thoroughly dries, ensure piece surface chipless, by part after oven heat to temperature 90 DEG C, insulation 3h, then air cooling is to room temperature;
6) to piece surface half finish-milling, staying finish-milling surplus monolateral is 1mm`, and ensures the mutual perpendicularity 0.05mm of the vertical plane of part;
7) subzero treatment is carried out to part, the broken little or dust-like chip on part before shove charge, will be cleaned out; Part is put into household freezer at-195 DEG C of liquid nitrogen, after insulation 5 ~ 6h, air cooling is to room temperature again;
8) finish-milling piece surface, by the back gauge dimensional requirement finish-milling of piece surface, and ensures vertical plane vertical 0.03mm, the soffit plane degree 0.02mm mutually of part;
9) finish.
2. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise first time aided process procedure of processing between described step 6) and step 7), namely Milling Process is carried out to parts locally vat and macropore; Also comprise second time aided process procedure of processing between described step 8) and step 9), namely Milling Process is carried out to parts locally small boss and aperture.
3. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described each step, car, milling equipment must clean totally, without assorted bits; Cutting tool wants sharp and smooth; Part flow turns in journey, and each step turns in journey at part flow, and part water or Ultrasonic Cleaning totally, soak trivalent chromium passivation agent solution after confirmation drying.
4. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) Vehicle Processing time, lathe rotating speed should be less than 400r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm; Lathe tool material is carbide alloy or high-speed steel tool, relief angle α=12 ~ 15 of lathe tool °, anterior angle γ=8 ~ 12 °; During drilling deep hole, the drill bit being less than φ 20mm is adopted to process, timely withdrawing after often boring dark 2mm, and by feed again after drill bit chip cleaning totally.
5. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 4) number milling die cavity, lathe rotating speed is selected man-hour to be less than 400r/min adding, the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.5mm, each cutting depth is not more than 4mm, carries out brute force cooling with water or emulsion.
6. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 9) finish-milling piece surface, and when fine finishining, frock pressing plate uses glass laminate to compress; Lathe rotating speed should be less than 600r/min, and the amount of feeding should be greater than 0.1mm; Milling cutter parameter is: anterior angle γ=12 ~ 15 °, relief angle α=13 ~ 18 °, number of teeth Zn=2.
7. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) Vehicle Processing time, adopt the cooling of mineral oil cooling fluid, mineral oil free acid content should lower than 0.2%.
8. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described part is adding man-hour, placing fire extinguisher material in part processing work region.
9. a kind of machining process for thin-walled lumen type magnesium lithium alloy part according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described fire distinguisher is D level fire extinguisher, fire blanket or magnesia.
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