CN105536421A - 湿式静电除尘器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明一种湿式静电除尘器,它包括底部设有进烟口的壳体;壳体的上下两端分别设有出烟口和排污口;壳体的两侧分别设有高压电源和绝缘箱;壳体内设有阳极管和阴极丝;阳极管和阴极丝分别与高压电源连接;上支架的上部设有喷淋管;进烟口上设有分流槽,且进烟口的下方设有喷雾管;分流槽的上方设有减速板,且减速板与下支架之间设有吸附剂层。喷雾管在废气进入时,就对其进行喷雾降温,还可使烟气的自重增加,上升速度减慢,增加反应的时间;分流槽和减速板起到对烟气分流和减速的作用;吸附剂层可首先对烟气进行初步净化;阳极管和阴极丝靠高压电晕放电使得粉尘荷电,荷电后的粉尘在电场力的作用下下降收集。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于除尘装置技术领域,具体涉及一种湿式静电除尘器。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平逐步提高,随之而来的是环境质量的日益恶化,大气污染在我国多个大中城市中出现的次数达到全年三百多天,空气质量指数即AQI甚至出现爆表,环保形势迫在眉睫;目前,为了应对工业生产过程中产生的烟囱冒白烟和拖尾的现象,需要用到湿式静电除尘器处理后再由烟囱排出,现有的湿式静电除尘器虽然可以起到明显的减少污染物排出的目的,但是其结构复杂、用电效率高,废气在装置内的气速高、变动大,处理不充分就被排出,不能完全达到净化的目的;并且,废气的温度高,对装置的防腐蚀性要求高。吸附剂是湿式静电除尘器中的重要组件,开发一种吸附效果好、吸附容量大的吸附剂也是我们需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术存在废气处理不充分的技术问题,提供一种湿式静电除尘器,以克服现有技术的不足。
本发明还提供了一种吸附剂。
为了实现上述目的,本发明一种湿式静电除尘器,它包括底部设有进烟口的壳体;其要点是所述壳体的上下两端分别设有出烟口和排污口;所述壳体的两侧分别设有高压电源和绝缘箱;所述壳体内的中部设有分别通过上支架和下支架与壳体固定连接的阳极管和阴极丝;所述阳极管和阴极丝分别通过导线与高压电源连接;所述上支架的上部设有喷淋管;所述进烟口上设有分流槽,且进烟口的下方设有与壳体固定连接的喷雾管;所述分流槽的上方设有减速板,且减速板与下支架之间设有吸附剂层。
所述吸附剂层由如下重量份的原料制备而得:
硅藻土1份、腐殖酸钾2份、海泡石2份、三氯化铁2份、沸石粉4份、白云石4份、膨润土5份、酚醛树脂5份、花生壳7份、麸皮7份、浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液15份、草炭土20份、水40份。
上述吸附剂的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将海泡石、白云石以及酚醛树脂添加到球磨机中进行球磨,得到粒径为50目的粉末,即为混合料1;
2)将硅藻土、三氯化铁和草炭土添加到水中,在磁力搅拌器中加热搅拌至干,然后放入烘干箱中于90℃干燥20min,最后研磨至粒径为100目,即得混合料2;
3)将花生壳用粉碎机粉碎,然后与麦麸混合均匀,加入到浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液中,浸泡10小时,过滤后风干,研磨至20目的粉末,即得混合料3;
4)将沸石粉和膨润土混合,然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧2h,煅烧温度为800℃,取出,冷却至室温,最后与腐殖酸钾混合,研磨至粒径为50目,得到混合料4;
5)将混合料1、混合料2、混合料3以及混合料4依次添加到搅拌机中,300转/min搅拌5min,即得。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括:
本发明结构设计合理、使用方便,喷雾管在废气进入时,就对其进行喷雾降温,烟气温度降低的同时,还可使烟气的自重增加,上升速度减慢,增加反应的时间;分流槽和减速板起到对烟气分流和减速的作用;吸附剂层可首先对烟气进行初步净化,大颗粒物可在此被吸附;喷淋管可对阳极管和阴极丝进行喷淋冲洗;阳极管和阴极丝靠高压电晕放电使得粉尘荷电,荷电后的粉尘在电场力的作用下下降收集。本发明解决了现有技术废气处理不充分的技术问题。本发明吸附剂原料配伍合理,采用了农业废弃物,原料成本低廉,相对于活性炭大大降低了成本,除尘脱硫脱硝效果好,制备流程简单,使用寿命长,性质稳定,储存方便。
附图说明
附图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中1、壳体2、高压电源3、出烟口4、喷淋管5、绝缘箱6、上支架7、阳极管8、阴极丝9、下支架10、吸附剂层11、减速板12、分流槽13、喷雾管14、进烟口15、排污口
具体实施方式
实施例1
参照附图1,本发明它包括底部设有进烟口14的壳体1;所述壳体1的上下两端分别设有出烟口3和排污口15;所述壳体1的两侧分别设有高压电源2和绝缘箱5;所述壳体1内的中部设有分别通过上支架6和下支架9与壳体1固定连接的阳极管7和阴极丝8;所述阳极管7和阴极丝8分别通过导线与高压电源2连接;所述上支架6的上部设有喷淋管4;所述进烟口14上设有分流槽12,且进烟口14的下方设有与壳体1固定连接的喷雾管13;所述分流槽12的上方设有减速板11,且减速板11与下支架9之间设有吸附剂层10。
工作原理:烟气从进烟口处进入并在分流槽的作用下均匀进入壳体内,喷雾管首先将烟气进行降温,烟气在水雾的作用下自重加大,上升速度减缓,在减速板的共同作用下速度降低,使得烟气在壳体内停留反应的时间加大反应全面;在吸附剂层的作用下首先进行颗粒物吸附,进行第一道清洁;之后向上在高压直流电作用下,放电阴极与集尘阳极之间高压静电场,电晕线周围产生电晕层,电晕层中的微粒发生雪崩式电离产生大量的负离子和阳离子,水滴、酸雾、硫酸盐、微尘等微粒被电荷,荷电粒子因静电凝聚电量增加,在电场力的作用下迅速抵达集尘阳极并释放电荷,阳极表面沉积物被喷淋管喷出的液体持续冲洗,最终在重力的作用下从排污口排出,完成净化。
本发明阳极管采用SUS2205双相钢,具有双相组织,抗氧化性,耐点腐蚀性好,具有很高的强度,特别对于缝隙腐蚀,磨损及侵蚀的抵抗性非常优秀;与316L和奥式体不锈钢相比,SUS2205钢在抗蚀损斑及裂缝方面的性能更优越,具有很高的抗腐蚀性。壳体内部为蜂窝状,比集尘面积大,且烟气流场分布均匀;壳体采用的是碳钢和SUS2205钢的双层复合材料,烟气接触面为高耐腐蚀的SUS2205钢,不采用玻璃鳞片、玻璃钢,设备的耐温范围大,无需顾虑高温风险,应用范围广。
本发明可有效收集微细颗粒物,出口粉尘,石膏颗粒可实现10mg/Nm3和更低的排放要求,烟尘、PM2.5去除率为80-95%,经烟囱排放的湿烟气腐蚀性大幅降低;可对重金属Hg、As、Se、Pb、Cr的有效减排;液滴去除率50-70%,极大的提高了烟气排放清洁度,减小烟囱尾羽。
本发明可与烟气脱硫装置组装成一体化,除尘效率高、压力损失小、操作简单、无动力设备,能耗低、维护费用低,烟气处理量可达500万立方每小时。
实施例2
一种吸附剂,所述吸附剂由如下重量份的原料制备而得:
硅藻土1份、腐殖酸钾2份、海泡石2份、三氯化铁2份、沸石粉4份、白云石4份、膨润土5份、酚醛树脂5份、花生壳7份、麸皮7份、浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液15份、草炭土20份、水40份。
上述吸附剂的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将海泡石、白云石以及酚醛树脂添加到球磨机中进行球磨,得到粒径为50目的粉末,即为混合料1;
2)将硅藻土、三氯化铁和草炭土添加到水中,在磁力搅拌器中加热搅拌至干,然后放入烘干箱中于90℃干燥20min,最后研磨至粒径为100目,即得混合料2;
3)将花生壳用粉碎机粉碎,然后与麦麸混合均匀,加入到浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液中,浸泡10小时,过滤后风干,研磨至20目的粉末,即得混合料3;
4)将沸石粉和膨润土混合,然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧2h,煅烧温度为800℃,取出,冷却至室温,最后与腐殖酸钾混合,研磨至粒径为50目,得到混合料4;
5)将混合料1、混合料2、混合料3以及混合料4依次添加到搅拌机中,300转/min搅拌5min,即得吸附剂。
该吸附剂的处理锅炉烟气的效果试验:
取吸附剂5g,放置于反应器中进行实验,模拟检测了锅炉烟气中的有害物质,条件如下:NOx、SO2以及粉尘组成的合成空气吹入反应体系,控制NOx浓度为12mg/m3,SO2浓度为10mg/m3,粉尘5mg/m3,反应空速(GHSV)为80,000h-1。检测吸附剂对有害物质的吸附量(有害物质/吸附剂=mg/g),其中,NOx吸附量为29.3mg/g,SO2吸附量为27.1mg/g,粉尘吸附量为13.7mg/g。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种湿式静电除尘器,它包括底部设有进烟口(14)的壳体(1);其特征在于,所述壳体(1)的上下两端分别设有出烟口(3)和排污口(15);所述壳体(1)的两侧分别设有高压电源(2)和绝缘箱(5);所述壳体(1)内的中部设有分别通过上支架(6)和下支架(9)与壳体(1)固定连接的阳极管(7)和阴极丝(8);所述阳极管(7)和阴极丝(8)分别通过导线与高压电源(2)连接;所述上支架(6)的上部设有喷淋管(4);所述进烟口(14)上设有分流槽(12),且进烟口(14)的下方设有与壳体(1)固定连接的喷雾管(13);所述分流槽(12)的上方设有减速板(11),且减速板(11)与下支架(9)之间设有吸附剂层(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除尘器,其特征在于,所述阳极管(7)采用SUS2205双相钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除尘器,其特征在于,所述壳体(1)内部为蜂窝状;所述壳体(1)采用碳钢和SUS2205钢双层复合材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的除尘器,其特征在于,所述吸附剂层由如下重量份的原料制备而得:
硅藻土1份、腐殖酸钾2份、海泡石2份、三氯化铁2份、沸石粉4份、白云石4份、膨润土5份、酚醛树脂5份、花生壳7份、麸皮7份、浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液15份、草炭土20份、水40份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的除尘器,其特征在于,所述吸附剂层的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将海泡石、白云石以及酚醛树脂添加到球磨机中进行球磨,得到粒径为50目的粉末,即为混合料1;
2)将硅藻土、三氯化铁和草炭土添加到水中,在磁力搅拌器中加热搅拌至干,然后放入烘干箱中于90℃干燥20min,最后研磨至粒径为100目,即得混合料2;
3)将花生壳用粉碎机粉碎,然后与麦麸混合均匀,加入到浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液中,浸泡10小时,过滤后风干,研磨至20目的粉末,即得混合料3;
4)将沸石粉和膨润土混合,然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧2h,煅烧温度为800℃,取出,冷却至室温,最后与腐殖酸钾混合,研磨至粒径为50目,得到混合料4;
5)将混合料1、混合料2、混合料3以及混合料4依次添加到搅拌机中,300转/min搅拌5min,即得。
6.一种吸附剂,其特征在于,所述吸附剂由如下重量份的原料制备而得:
硅藻土1份、腐殖酸钾2份、海泡石2份、三氯化铁2份、沸石粉4份、白云石4份、膨润土5份、酚醛树脂5份、花生壳7份、麸皮7份、浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液15份、草炭土20份、水40份;
所述吸附剂的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
1)将海泡石、白云石以及酚醛树脂添加到球磨机中进行球磨,得到粒径为50目的粉末,即为混合料1;
2)将硅藻土、三氯化铁和草炭土添加到水中,在磁力搅拌器中加热搅拌至干,然后放入烘干箱中于90℃干燥20min,最后研磨至粒径为100目,即得混合料2;
3)将花生壳用粉碎机粉碎,然后与麦麸混合均匀,加入到浓度为1M的碳酸钠水溶液中,浸泡10小时,过滤后风干,研磨至20目的粉末,即得混合料3;
4)将沸石粉和膨润土混合,然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧2h,煅烧温度为800℃,取出,冷却至室温,最后与腐殖酸钾混合,研磨至粒径为50目,得到混合料4;
5)将混合料1、混合料2、混合料3以及混合料4依次添加到搅拌机中,300转/min搅拌5min,即得。
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