CN1055344C - Electric demostration abacus with reckoning by abacus and mental calculation - Google Patents
Electric demostration abacus with reckoning by abacus and mental calculation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1055344C CN1055344C CN 96110899 CN96110899A CN1055344C CN 1055344 C CN1055344 C CN 1055344C CN 96110899 CN96110899 CN 96110899 CN 96110899 A CN96110899 A CN 96110899A CN 1055344 C CN1055344 C CN 1055344C
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Abstract
The present invention provides an analog electric abacus design used for abacus and mental calculation teaching, which is composed of an analog abacus body and a microcomputer controller, wherein photoelectric display calculating beads which can automatically display the calculating process of the abacus by the change of red light and green light are arranged on the analog abacus body, and the display of the calculating process is controlled by signals from the microcomputer controller. The analog abacus body and the microcomputer controller are connected by a signal line. The present invention can thoroughly change the heavy teaching mode which uses manual handling to beat the calculating beads, and provides a modern teaching tool for China's abacus teaching, particularly for abacus and mental calculation teaching.
Description
The invention belongs to a kind of electrochemical teaching aid that is used for the abacus mental calculation teaching, we can say that also it is that a kind of rechoning by the abacus does not have the instrument that enforces one's memory in the pearl touch system training.
Abacus teaching still occupies important seat at robot calculator highly developed today, is because it has special driving force to the exploitation of people's intelligence, and the student is particularly played an important role to the logistic formation of juvenile.Advocate abacus mental calculation training in the modern abacus teaching, progressively dial bead from the simplest plus-minus even begin to learn the juvenile of rechoning by the abacus, enter and close order and pull out pearl (touch system), and then changed shelves a no pearl (empty touch system) over to, forming does not at last have grade, the abacus mental calculation boundary of no pearl.The process that forms the abacus mental calculation ability is actually the state with abacus bead in the rechoning by the abacus actual operation process, has comprised primary state, formation reflects the process of picture in brains as giving peep shows accompanied by singing commentary with the termination attitude to pull out the intermediateness of pearl.In the abacus mental calculation teaching, the state picture that the teacher forms each calculation step in calculating process is just made card, after the student realizes empty touch system, taking out card repeatedly by calculating process stimulates student's the imagination and strengthens student's memory, is not having until last student also can form the complete operation picture in brains by calculating process and step under the prompting of card.In fact the student has also just finished the training process of abacus mental calculation.The advantage of abacus mental calculation teaching is praised by the public, but need rechoning by the abacus fundamental operation process is made a large amount of cards in the abacus mental calculation teaching, not only workload is too big, and use is very inconvenient, and be difficult for distinguishing the pearl of performing, form and the dynamic process thereof of lower gear pearl and neutral gear pearl.So present abacus mental calculation teaching is badly in need of image, a practicality and is made things convenient for the aided education instrument.
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of simulated photoelectric abacus, it can represent the main state of rechoning by the abacus calculating process and distinguish the form and the position of upper and lower shelves bead, and is easy to operate, and intuitive display is adapted to the needs that abacus mental calculation is imparted knowledge to students.
Main design of the present invention is to be designed to two large divisions's composition with giving instructions by telegraph abacus.A part is called analog photoelectricity abacus body, and it has luminous simulation bead, and to distinguish performance be the pearl of performing, or lower gear pearl.Such as the pearl of performing is red, and the lower gear pearl is green, thereby distinguishes this bead state characteristic significantly.Can represent it is that bead is the pearl that will stir in the calculating process with the bright mode of light lighting.Can be with glimmering earlier, it stirs order or the like back flicker expression; Thereby can reflect the dynamic process of its computing by this luminous simulation bead, comprise the intermediateness of various " foreign sheets ".It is the microcomputer controller of core with microprocessor (CPU) that another part in the structure is one.It mainly is the control signal that the calculation example that teaching is sent is converted into luminous bead, thereby luminous bead goes to glow green glow or flicker when corresponding calculation step is corresponding with process control.Above two parts link to each other by the state control signal line of luminous bead.Like this, the luminous bead on the analog photoelectricity abacus body is controlled by microcomputer controller, and detailed process is controlled at the software program of micro computer.Whenever the teacher determines an example, to press on the controller behind the control corresponding key, photoelectricity abacus body just shows that by the order that pre-establishes each step becomes the state of light bead, promptly forms each state of " card " constantly, plays the purpose of aided education.
Below in conjunction with embodiment that provides and accompanying drawing, further specify and the objective of the invention is how to realize.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of analog photoelectricity abacus body.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of luminous bead.
Fig. 3 is the control circuit A of luminous bead.
Fig. 4 is the control circuit B of luminous bead.
Fig. 5 is the control circuit C of luminous bead.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of microcomputer controller.
Wherein 1 is the casing of simulated photoelectric abacus, 2 panels of making for transparent material, 3 is grid in the casing, 4 is luminous bead, L1, L3 represent the red led of photoelectricity bead, and L2, L4 represent the green indicating lamp of photoelectricity bead, and 4A represents the additional circuit boards of photoelectricity bead, the control signal wire of the luminous zooming pearl of 5 representatives, IC1-IC10 represents integrated circuit component.The control circuit of luminous bead on A, B, the corresponding different gears of C difference.
From given embodiment accompanying drawing as can be seen, included two parts of inventive concept of the present invention.First simulation abacus body is a luminous bead (4) by its form of photoelectric display and position comprising main part.Another part then is a microcomputer controller that the overall process of computing is processed into luminous zooming pearl (4) state control signal.Two parts link to each other with state control signal line (5).The computer controller microprocessor of a routine in fact is the enforcement control circuit of core.From hardware circuit almost without any the transnormal design in place.Be stored in the control signal that software among the EPROM changes into calculating process the luminous bead of corresponding simulating (4) state.Neither difficult thing after the version of luminous bead is determined to common software slip-stick artist coding.So the design's key is how the practical structures of simulated photoelectric abacus goes to simulate visually the abacus mental calculation desired overall process of imparting knowledge to students, and easy to operate, impression is strong, cheap, favourable popularization.
From accompanying drawing 1 as can be seen, the given embodiment of analog photoelectricity abacus body is the lamp box of a uniform red green pilot lamp.Panel (2), the casing of making by transparent material (1) and be arranged on the luminous bead (4) in the casing (1) and control the special-purpose control transformation circuit (4A) that luminous bead shows, extinguishes and formed.This design can determine " bright " or " going out " of corresponding luminous bead pilot lamp by the status signal from microcomputer controller, thereby shows its state and position.Be printed on the profile frame of abacus, the pictograph pattern of middle-grade and bead-pulling shaft on the panel (2), after the pilot lamp of luminous bead is bright, can sees through panel and show its position, and represent its merit attitude process like this by " bright ", " going out " of corresponding luminous bead.For making luminous bead (4) that a position accurately be arranged, in casing (2), be evenly distributed with grid (3).In each grid (3) a luminous bead can be set.For representing different gears and state, the every row of grid has seven cases, distinguishes called after first from the top down to the 7th grade.Luminous bead (4) has an oval barrel mast, and seeing through panel in luminous back shown is exactly an oval bead on panel.Analyze the position characteristics of luminous bead (4) in calculating process, can be divided into perform pearl and two states of lower gear pearl.Be commonly called as by the beam pearl pearl of performing exactly.In order to enforce one's memory, we represent the pearl of performing with red led, represent the lower gear pearl with green light.Be that red light represents that this pearl has stirred to by the beam pearl, green light is bright to be the underbeam pearl.Like this, first and 7 two grade is just had only the lower gear state state that do not perform.Just need only not have green indicating lamp (L2) in the luminous bead (4) on this two gear.Second and third gear of face pearl of only performing.Red led (L1) need only be set that is to say.Have only fourth, fifth, six gears to put and have the pearl of performing, also have the lower gear pearl, so in the photoelectricity bead on this gear red, green two kinds of pilot lamp (L3, L4) should not arranged.
Owing to be arranged on pilot lamp kind and difference to some extent quantitatively in the luminous bead, supporting controlled display circuit also just distinguish to some extent certainly.Can see that from Fig. 4 first sharp seven gears only establish a green pilot lamp L2.Then supporting circuit then is that an electronic switch IC2 and a not gate IC5 form.Electronic switch IC2 and green indicating lamp L2 polyphone be connected on ground wire and+the 5V power supply between.The control end of electronic switch IC2 is connected on the corresponding state control signal output line of computer controller by not gate IC5.Only establish a red led L1 in the luminous bead on second and third gear.Only establish an electronic switch IC4 in the control circuit.Red led L2 and IC1 be serially connected in ground wire and+the 5V power supply between.The control end of electronic switch IC1 directly is connected on the corresponding state control signal output line from microcomputer controller.Fourth, fifth, be provided with green, red two kinds of pilot lamp L3 and L4 in the luminous bead on six gears.These two kinds of pilot lamp respectively and electronic switch I3, IC4 contact mutually be connected on ground wire and+the 5V power supply between.Wherein the control end of IC3 directly is connected on the corresponding state control signal output line of microcomputer controller, and the control end of electronic switch IC4 is connected to the output terminal of rejection gate IC5.Control end that is connected on electronic switch IC3 of two input ends of rejection gate IC5 is on the State Control line of a red led that is connected on last gear.
By above circuit design, when the corresponding state control signal wire from microcomputer controller was noble potential, corresponding red led can be bright, and the respective green lantern festival is bright when signal wire is electronegative potential.Fourth, fifth, two kinds of pilot lamp are arranged on six gears, when the corresponding control signal line was noble potential, obviously red light Ying Liang represented that this locational bead is the pearl of performing (being commonly called as the upper beam pearl).When its control signal is electronegative potential, owing to inserted a rejection gate IC5, green light was bright when that just may make electronic switch IC4 start when only also being electronegative potential from the control line signal of a last gear, if a last gear is a high potential signal, promptly going up a gear is the pearl of performing, and this gear is the signal that performs, green light L2 does not work yet so, be that electronic switch IC4 does not start yet, this gear is red, green neither luminous neutral position, this is four, five, six grades characteristics just, also are the reasons that adds rejection gate IC5 especially.If a last gear is not the noble potential line, illustrate that so one grade is the underbeam pearl, then noble potential of IC5 output starts IC4, and this gear shows it also is a lower gear pearl (green).Design can only be controlled the various different conditions that all gear patrixes are sent out the photoelectricity bead with a high low-potential signal easily like this.Bring great convenience to software programming.So in fact overall optical electric analogy abacus is exactly rank matrix switch such as.The corresponding matrix unit of each luminous bead (4), its state depends on the state of matrix switch fully." open " (Gao Kaiwei) or " pass " (electronegative potential).So utilizing the computing of numeral software to be translated into state control signal that state parameter becomes the photoelectricity bead just has not been the thing that is difficult to.We can say the crucial of the design in case solve, be not difficult to realize for the following work of Computer Engineer.
Microcomputer controller is one and has the memory EPROM and the intermediate latch IC7 of Control Software by microprocessor CPU, input keyboard K and code translator IC8, and address decoder IC9 and photoelectricity bead state control circuit IC10 form.The programmed instruction that sends by the Control Software that is arranged in the EPROM, can be according to from the information on the operation keyboard K, convert the address code of the luminous bead state of control to, export to address decoder IC9 from CPU, the corresponding data of IC9 decoding back output are to the state control circuit IC10 of photoelectricity bead, thereby form final luminous bead state control signal and export simulation electric light abacus body to, realize the hologram display of manual calculating process state.Selecting on hardware circuit is that conventional device is barricaded as basically.Can select 49 or 51 family chips for use as CPU.Latch IC7 can select 74LS273 or other chip of the same type for use.Supervisory keyboard K adopts the touch matrix keyboard of 16 keys, and coding circuit can adopt CC4067 and two four bit synchronizations add counter CC4520 and supporting D flip-flop CC4042 is barricaded as.The encoded device of being sent by keyboard K of key information is processed into digital code and sends into CPU.Under programmed control, be processed into control code output through CPU.The circuit connecting relation of being given an example between the chip is a common sense, no longer superfluous chatting.
The key component that also has an address decoder IC9 and ground bead state control circuit IC10 to form in the hardware circuit.The control signal that CPU sends can be delivered to latch and store, and also signal can be processed into address code through address decoder IC9.The corresponding state that address code decision state controller IC10 sends, control line is in noble potential, and still low electronegative potential is delivered on the pairing electronic switch of luminous bead then.Because bead totally seven gears, each gear must " height ", " low " control of Electric potentials, replaces so every capable bead can adopt a CC4511 chip to be barricaded as seven sections photoelectric display driving circuits fully.The simulation abacus is established several row, thereby just forms photoelectricity bead state controller with several CC4511 chips.Just in time be that seven gears show ten states of 0-9, and the carry relation is clear and definite between every row, so the replacement circuit that address decoder can adopt liquid crystal driver to be barricaded as realizes, as long as pre-set the floating-point position.As then adopting the chip of CC4599 and so on to be barricaded as with latch, its embodiment is more, gives an example no longer one by one at this.
The product that forms by above concept, analog photoelectricity abacus body and microcomputer controller can be made two independent sectors, middle signal cable line by a band double plug connects, and can certainly make one, and microcomputer controller is set directly on the abacus body.Set out by above thinking, whole analog photoelectricity abacus body portion can be imitated LCD by a bigger screen and be shown replacement.If suitably compile small size again then entire product can be made common counter size, become simulating abacus metal calculation of each student and give instructions by telegraph abacus.Its product conception and the present invention should be as broad as long, and only the volume of components and parts and complete machine dwindles greatly, and it is meticulousr that technology is made upward requirement.
Give instructions by telegraph abacus according to the abacus mental calculation simulation that above design is made, start back output reset signal, what luminous bead state controller was exported is whole-colored low level signal, (L2, L4) is bright for the green pilot lamp on all gears.Owing to do not have green indication class on second and third gear, show so be neutral gear (promptly not having pearl).This moment, all bead was green, expression " 0 ".If at this moment want to demonstrate the process of 6+3=9, the teacher reads " 6 " earlier, connects following 6 simultaneously on keyboard K.After CPU receives keypad information, by computing, export a number and remove to control a position row, first, the 4th pearl flashes twice green indicating lamps continuously represents that these two pearls will move, and make green light go out then.Can not become noble potential so make second and third shelves of this row serve its control signal of noble potential, otherwise this grade meeting becomes redness, just mistake is shown and " 7 ".And green light is shown as the neutral position (promptly red, green light goes out entirely) of no pearl owing to the effect of rejection gate IC6.Right teacher says " adding 3 ", presses the key that adds with 3, and the green bead that then at first is positioned at five, six, seven third gear should flash several following, export 9 data then by CPU, five that then become redness on the abacus body are leaned on the beam pearl, and first, seven gears are neutral gear, and whole process just demonstration finishes.Because simulation luminous bead is identical with seven sections liquid crystal displays, so be understood that, Fu Za process also can play crucial effect for forming the memory of cardiac stimulant abacus mental calculation very easily with upper and lower the stirring and very clear eye-catching the displaying of intermediateness between each pearl of calculating process again.
Of the present inventionly be designed to abacus mental calculation teaching and increased a very educational aid of imagery.Owing to can represent the dynamic process of the pearl of performing, lower gear pearl, stimulate with the photoelectricity of strengthening, experimental results show that and to shorten instructional blocks of time greatly, to inspiring juvenile's mathematical logic to form positive role is arranged, for the abacus mental calculation teacher provides one to want for a long time to be worthy of popularization with the practical classroom instrument of the convenience that does not obtain for a long time.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of abacus of giving instructions by telegraph that is used for the abacus mental calculation maths demonstration is characterized in that:
Comprise in a, the structure that one represents the analog photoelectricity abacus body of calculating process state automatically by simulation luminous bead (4),
Comprise also in b, the structure that one is converted into the microcomputer controller of luminous bead (4) shows signal with calculating process,
C, above two parts link to each other by control signal wire (5).
2,, it is characterized in that panel (2), casing (1) that analog photoelectricity abacus body made by transparent material, be arranged on the luminous bead (4) in the casing (1) and control luminous bead according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 1.The special-purpose control transformation circuit (4A) of " bright ", " going out " is formed.
3, according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Be printed on the pictograph pattern of representing abacus frame, middle-grade and bead-pulling shaft on the panel that a, transparent material are made (2),
The grid (3) of the luminous bead in location evenly is set in b, the casing (1), and every row seven lattice are represented seven gears of rechoning by the abacus,
C, luminous bead (4) be by an oval barrel mast, in be provided with red (L1) or green (L2) pilot lamp, or two kinds of pilot lamp all have, and the special-purpose display circuit board (4A) that matches with luminous bead (4),
4, according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 3, it is characterized in that the pilot lamp in the luminous bead (4) matches with dedicated control circuit, wherein:
Establish a green indicating lamp (L2) in the luminous bead on a, first, seven gears, support circuit is made up of an electronic switch IC2 and not gate IC5, green indicating lamp (L2) and electronic switch IC2 polyphone be connected on ground wire and+the 5V power supply between, the output of the control termination not gate of electronic switch IC2, its input end fetches from the corresponding state control signal line of computer controller
Luminous bead on b, second and third gear is established a red led (L1), control circuit is made up of an electronic switch IC1, red led (L1) and electronic switch IC1 series connection ground wire and+the 5V power supply between, the control end of electronic switch IC1 fetches from the corresponding state control signal line of computer controller
C, the 4th, five, establish red led (L3) and green indicating lamp (L4) in the luminous bead on six gears, corresponding control circuit is by electronic switch IC3, IC4 and a NOR gate IC5 form, red led (L3) and electronic switch IC3, green indicating lamp (L4) and electronic switch IC4 connect respectively then and be connected in ground wire and+the 5V power supply between, the control end of electronic switch IC3 is connected to the corresponding status signal control line of computer controller, the output terminal of the control termination rejection gate IC5 of electronic switch IC4, control end that is connected on IC3 of the input end of IC5, another is connected on the pairing status signal control line of the luminous bead of a gear.
5, according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 1, it is characterized in that microcomputer controller is made up of microprocessor CPU, the data file EPROM that deposits Control Software and intermediate latch IC7, input keyboard K and scrambler IC8, address decoder IC9 and luminous bead state control circuit IC10, deliver to corresponding luminous bead by being processed into luminous bead state control signal by software program control CPU from the information of sending on the keyboard K.
6, according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 5, it is characterized in that CPU can adopt 49, the microprocessor of 51 series, latch IC7 can adopt 74LS273, supervisory keyboard K can adopt the touch matrix keyboard of 16 keys, and scrambler IC8 can adopt CC4067 and two four bit synchronization counter CC4510 and supporting D flip-flop CC4042 to be barricaded as.
7, according to the said abacus of giving instructions by telegraph of claim 5, it is characterized in that address decoder IC9 can adopt conventional liquid crystal driver all to replace use, seven sections photoelectric display driving circuits that in fact luminous bead state control circuit IC10 can select for use CC4511 to be barricaded as, the corresponding CC4511 chip of seven gears of promptly every row gets final product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96110899 CN1055344C (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1996-08-02 | Electric demostration abacus with reckoning by abacus and mental calculation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96110899 CN1055344C (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1996-08-02 | Electric demostration abacus with reckoning by abacus and mental calculation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1173003A CN1173003A (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| CN1055344C true CN1055344C (en) | 2000-08-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96110899 Expired - Fee Related CN1055344C (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1996-08-02 | Electric demostration abacus with reckoning by abacus and mental calculation |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1055344C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100440099C (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-03 | 程强 | Button type abacus mental arithmetic device and realizing method thereof |
| CN103870200B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2017-06-06 | 沈天瑞 | It is applied to the rechoning by the abacus system and method on mobile terminal |
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1996
- 1996-08-02 CN CN 96110899 patent/CN1055344C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1173003A (en) | 1998-02-11 |
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