CN105531526B - 用于在预定的饱和压力下将低温流体燃料输送至燃料罐的系统 - Google Patents
用于在预定的饱和压力下将低温流体燃料输送至燃料罐的系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105531526B CN105531526B CN201480034858.8A CN201480034858A CN105531526B CN 105531526 B CN105531526 B CN 105531526B CN 201480034858 A CN201480034858 A CN 201480034858A CN 105531526 B CN105531526 B CN 105531526B
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- cooling
- tank
- pressure
- cryogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000036413 temperature sense Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
- F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
- F04B15/08—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/06—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by thermal means
- F04B37/08—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by thermal means by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/037—Quick connecting means, e.g. couplings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
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- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
- F17C2227/015—Pumps with cooling of the pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
- F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
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- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
- F17C2227/0372—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
- F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
- F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
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- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
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- Y10T137/6579—Circulating fluid in heat exchange relationship
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
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Abstract
本文描述了用于低温流体输送以在将低温流体、例如液化天然气分配至使用设备中的容纳罐的同时实现最低的合理饱和压力的系统和方法。所述系统和方法利用液氮组件和液化工具、非常冷的液化天然气和液化工具、或者非常冷的液化天然气和液氮组件的组合以将液氮输送至使用设备中的容纳罐。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年4月22日提交的名称为“液态天然气动态冷却(Liquid NaturalGas Cool On The Fly)”美国临时专利申请No.61/814,697的优先权,其公开内容整体并入本文作为参考。
背景技术
确保使用液化天然气(LNG)的许多设备正常运行要求控制输送至设备的LNG的沸腾压力和温度。控制车辆机载燃料罐(fuel tank,燃料箱)中LNG的沸腾压力(例如饱和压力)是特别有用。常规地,燃料输送系统保持LNG的饱和压力(或者沸腾压力)足够高以确保压力可将天然气驱动至使用设备的发动机。
在包括机载泵的使用设备系统中,存储LNG的车辆罐可以使用机载泵,而不是放出气化的天然气。这增加了需要气体放出之前LNG在车辆罐中的保持时间。在输送LNG的过程中,液化天然气例如在泵送和其它正常操作期间吸收热量。为了有效地除去热量和输送LNG到使用设备的燃料罐,用于从LNG中除去热量的装置的位置可在液化天然气的输送路径上,在分配泵送之后,通向车辆罐的途中。这样的配置将液化天然气分配至使用设备的同时实现较低的LNG饱和压力。
发明内容
本文提供在将LNG分配至使用设备(特别是以LNG为燃料的车辆的燃料罐)的同时用于控制液化天然气(LNG)的温度和饱和压力的系统和设备。还提供用于在最低的合理(可行)饱和压力下将LNG输送至使用设备的方法。
在某些实施方案中,提供用于在预定的饱和压力下将低温流体燃料输送至燃料罐的系统。所述燃料罐可以包括源罐、泵、冷却组件、环境温度和温度感应阀。源罐具有顶部部分和第二部分,并且所述源罐包含燃料,所述燃料包含气体部分和液体部分。所述泵通过蒸气管线流通地连接至源罐的部分和通过液体管线流通地连接至源罐的底部部分,所述泵配置成将燃料从所述源罐泵送至车辆燃料罐。所述冷却组件配置成围绕(环绕,surround)具有冷却低温流体的冷却管线,所述冷却管线的第一端流通地连接泵的出口和第二端流通地连接至受控进口管线,受控进口管线与车辆燃料罐流体连通。环境温度温度管线具有连接至泵出口的第一端和连接至受控进口管线的第二端。将温度感应阀控制器连接至位于冷却管线第二端的冷燃料控制阀、位于环境温度管线第二端的暖燃料控制阀和受控进口管线。在这样的实施方案中,所述温度感应阀控制器配置成用于测量所述受控进口管线中的燃料的温度和控制通过冷燃料控制阀和暖燃料控制阀的燃料流动以保持受控进口管线中的燃料的温度在预定的温度范围内。
下列特征可以任何合理的组合存在于系统中。在某些实施方案中,所述冷却组件包括具有顶部部分和底部部分的冷却罐,其中所述冷却组件的顶部部分围绕所述冷却低温流体的气体部分和所述冷却组件的底部部分围绕所述低温流体的液体部分。在一些这样的实施方案中,所述系统进一步包括与所述冷却组件流体连通的压力控制阀,其中压力控制阀连接至所述冷却组件的顶部部分。在某些实施方案中,当所述冷却低温流体在所述冷却组件中的压力超过预定的设置温度时,所述压力控制阀释放冷却低温流体。所述系统可包括备用放空管线,其中所述备用放空管线具有与冷却低温流体的液体部分流体连通的第一端和与放空阀流体连通的第二端。所述备用放空管线还可包括接触源罐中燃料的气体部分的接触部分。在这样的实施方案中,从备用放空管线放出冷却低温流体的速率取决于源罐内的燃料的蒸气压的设定值。所述系统可进一步地包括与所述受控进口管线和所述车辆燃料罐流通地连接的分配器罐,并且所述系统可进一步地包括具有流通地连接至源罐的第一端和流通地连接至分配器罐的第二端的直接输入管线。所述燃料可以是液化天然气。在某些实施方案中,所述冷却低温流体为氮。所述冷却组件可包括通过包括单向阀的导管连接的两个罐。在这样的实施方案中,所述两个罐可包括用于在第一压力下容纳冷却低温流体的第一罐和用于在第二压力下容纳冷却低温流体的第二罐,其中所述第一压力低于或等于所述第二压力。此外,在这样的实施方案中,所述第一罐流通地连接至液化工具(liquefaction engine),所述第二罐配置成围绕具有冷却低温流体的冷却管线,并且所述单向阀可配置成当第一压力和第二压力相等时容许流体只从所述第一罐流向所述第二罐。
在相关方面中,提供用于将在预定饱和压力下的低温流体燃料输送至燃料罐的系统。所述系统可以包括源罐、泵、冷却组件、环境温度管线、和温度感应阀控制器。所述源罐可具有顶部部分和第二部分,其中所述源罐包含燃料,并且燃料包括气体部分和液体部分。泵可通过蒸气管线流通地连接源罐的顶部部分和通过液体管线连接源罐的底部部分,其中所述泵可配置成将燃料从源罐向车辆燃料罐泵送。所述冷却组件可包含冷却低温流体,其中冷却组件流通地连接液化工具。泵、受控进口管线和受控进口管线可流通地连接车辆燃料罐。环境温度管线可具有连接泵出口的第一端和连接受控进口管线的第二端。所述温度感应阀控制器可连接至位于所述冷却管线第二端的冷燃料控制阀、位于环境温度管线的第二端的暖燃料控制阀、和所述受控进口管线。所述温度感应阀控制器可配置成用于测量受控进口管线中的燃料的温度和控制通过冷燃料控制阀和暖燃料控制阀的燃料流动以保持受控进口管线中的燃料的温度在预定的温度范围内,其中所述燃料包括在第二压力的液化天然气,所述第一压力低于所述第二压力。
在某些实施方案中,下列特征可以任何合理的组合存在于系统中。所述系统的液化工具可配置成使用电能将热量从冷却低温流体除去。所述系统可进一步地包括与所述受控进口管线和所述车辆燃料罐流通地连接的分配器罐。所述系统可进一步地包括具有流通地连接源罐的第一端和流通地连接分配器罐的第二端的直接输入管线。所述系统可进一步地包括蒸气释放管线,其包括流通地连接所述冷却组件的第一端和连接所述源罐的第二端。所述蒸气释放管线可配置成用于将燃料的蒸气部分从源罐输送至所述冷却组件。在一些这样的实施方案中,所述液化工具可包括热量除去流体流动通过的热量除去管线,其中所述热量除去管线连接热量除去流体的分离源,其中通过一个或者多个液化工具阀控制热量除去流体的流动以保持所述冷却低温流体在冷却组件中的压力。
附图说明
在图中:
图1显示具有液氮冷却组件的液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统图;
图2显示在两个压力水平下供应(accommodate)液氮的具有液氮冷却组件的液化天然气存储和输送系统的另一个示例性系统图;
图3显示液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统图,其中所述存储罐存储通过液化工具保持冷却的非常冷的液化天然气;和
图4显示如图3的液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统图,其中该液化工具利用液氮。
在所述图中,同样的参考数字是指相同或者相似的特征。
具体实施方式
低温流体、特别是作为燃料使用的低温流体的输送系统需要能够在存储和输送期间控制流体的饱和压力(即沸腾压力)和温度。在液化天然气(LNG)的情况下,系统需要确保饱和压力使天然气能流动到其需要的地方、例如车辆发动机,同时能够保持LNG在足够低的饱和压力以增加在气体从系统的燃料罐放出之前所需的时间。鉴于以上,存在对于在将LNG分配至使用设备的同时在最低的合理饱和压力下输送液化天然气的改进的系统和方法的需求。
公开低温流体存储和输送系统。本文主要在用于将液化天然气(LNG)从大压力容器输送至为使用设备的天然气发动机提供燃料的车辆罐的背景下描述所述系统。然而,尽管公开内容主要地描述关于将燃料至供给至连接发动机的车辆罐,但应该理解所公开的系统可以配置成用于使用低温流体的任何应用。
图1显示具有液氮冷却组件的液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统图。所述系统包括具有绝缘层101的液化天然气(LNG)罐100、蒸气部分102、和液体部分103;浸入式泵105;液氮(LN2)组件(部件,component)120;液化工具125;LNG分配器110;以及车辆罐115。所述LNG罐100通过液体管线135和蒸气管线130连接浸入式泵105。所述浸入式泵105进而具有分成冷却管线155和环境温度管线150的出口管线。冷却管线155和环境温度管线150在通向所述分配器110的温度受控进口管线175处再次合并。温度感应阀控制器170位于所述受控进口管线175并且分别地连接环境温度管线150和冷却管线155上的流动控制阀160、165。所述LNG罐100还通过直接输入管线140直接连接分配器110。所述分配器110通过罐进料管线180连接车辆罐115,所述罐进料管线180具有与车辆罐115上的连接器接合的连接适配器185。
所述液氮组件120是冷却组件。绝缘层121围绕液氮组件120的罐部分。液氮组件120的内部是蒸气部分122和液体部分123。所述液化工具125连接所述液氮组件120,使得所述液化工具125与该液氮组件的蒸气部分122流体连通。氮气压力控制阀126也与该液氮组件的蒸气部分122流体连通。
在图1所示的系统中,液氮没有直接接触LNG。相反,液氮围绕流动的LNG或者流动通过所述LNG罐100以将热量从LNG除去。汲取管191流通地连接液氮组件120的液体部分123和穿过LNG罐100的蒸气部分102的备用氮气放空管线192。所述备用氮气放空管线192终止于氮气放空阀193。流通地连接来自浸入式泵105的输出LNG和受控进口管线175的冷却管线155,穿过绝缘层121和液氮组件120的液体部分123。
在操作中,在LNG罐100中,通过控制LNG在罐100中的饱和压力、通过使液氮穿过备用氮气放空管线192、和在绝缘层101的帮助下将液化天然气(LNG)保持在特定温度。当LNG运动至所述车辆罐115时,所述LNG可沿着两条路径流出所述LNG罐100。
LNG还可以在浸入式泵105的帮助下离开LNG罐100的液体管线135。浸入式泵105的运转可使LNG得到热量。随着浸入式泵105的运转迫使LNG通过环境温度管线150和冷却管线155,温度感应阀控制器170检测到受控进口管线175处的温度并且相应地控制流动阀160和165直至在所述受控进口管线175处检测到期望的温度。流动通过冷却管线155的LNG在其使用能量以造成流动的路径上的点之后将热量从LNG中除去。在受控进口管线175处除去热量和控制输送温度容许所述LNG可在适当低的饱和压力下输送。
将所述液氮组件120保持在容许其有效地冷却流动通过冷却管线155的LNG的温度和压力下。在图1所示的系统中,将液氮放出至周围环境以保持液氮组件120内合适的压力和温度。以氮气放出的液氮部分可通过氮气压力控制阀126或者连接氮气放空阀193的备用氮气放空管线192离开液氮组件120。由围绕冷却管线155的液氮吸收的热量可导致液氮组件120内的压力升高,并且氮气压力控制阀126容许氮气放出至大气并降低内部压力。当液氮在汲取管191向上流动时,通过与LNG罐100的蒸气部分102接触的备用放空管线192,也可降低所述液氮组件120内的压力。除降低液氮组件120中的压力,液氮通过备用放空管线192的运动可以从LNG罐100除去热量并也降低其中的压力。所述液化工具125还有助于保持液氮组件120内的液氮在合适的温度和压力。当不期望将氮气放出至大气时,所述液化工具125可以使用电从图1的系统中除去热量。
图2显示具有液氮冷却组件的液化天然气存储和输送系统的另一示例性系统,其可在两个压力水平下供应液氮。图2所示的系统是闭合循环系统,使得氮气不会放出至周围环境。
图2的系统与图1的系统具有大部分相同的组件。图2所示的系统具有的液氮冷却组件220不同于图1所示的液氮组件120。该液氮冷却组件220包括两个在不同压力下的罐222、223。低压罐222具有蒸气部分222a和液体部分222b。类似地,所述高压罐223具有蒸气部分223a和液体部分223b。所述低压罐222与所述液化工具125流体连通,而所述高压罐223围绕冷却管线155和所述汲取管191。所述低压罐222还与备用氮气放空管线192和氮气放空阀193连接的返回管线294流体连通。也将每个罐222a、223a的蒸气部分通过控制阀系统226流通地连接。低压罐222b的液体部分通过具有止回阀的导管224与高压罐223流体连通,所述止回阀只容许流体从低压罐222至高压罐223这一个方向上流动。
在图2所示的系统中,液化工具125只与低压罐222的内容物接触。所述液化工具125有助于保持低压罐222中的压力比高压罐223中的压力低,即使接收已经穿过备用氮气放空管线192和氮气放空阀193的液氮,其从LNG罐100的蒸气部分吸收热量。随着液化工具125的运行,低压罐222最终被冷的液氮填充。当所述低压罐222达到预定水平的冷的液氮时,低压罐和高压罐的蒸气部分(分别为222a和223a)可以通过激活控制阀系统226进行平衡。激活控制阀系统226也导致导管224中的止回阀容许冷的液氮从低压罐222流入高压罐223。一般地,低压罐222和高压罐223之间的压力差阻止所述冷的液氮的流动。所述控制阀系统226的激活平衡液氮冷却组件220的罐内部的压力,从而激活导管224中的止回阀。因此,氮气没有从图2所示的系统放出,和使用电通过液化工具125从系统中流体除去热量。
图3显示液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统的图,其中使用存储非常冷的液化天然气(其通过液化工具保持冷却)的第二LNG存储罐。第二LNG存储罐是具有蒸气部分320a和液体部分320b的低压LNG罐320。除了取代液氮组件(图1和2中的120、220)外,图3所示的系统与前面讨论的系统的不同之处在于穿过液氮组件的罐的冷却管线155不存在。相反,低压输出管线396促使低饱和压力和低温的LNG至温度受控进口管线175。蒸气放空管线397将LNG罐100的蒸气部分102和低压LNG罐320的蒸气部分320a流通地连接。放空管线395和阀326也连接于低压LNG罐320。放空管线395将低压LNG罐320和通向分配器110的管线流通地连接。分配器110通过管线140与LNG罐100流通地连接。
液化工具125可以使用电从经过蒸气放空管线397的蒸气和通过浸入式泵105泵送至低压LNG罐320的液体或蒸气中除去热量。
如图1和2,存在温度感应控制器370,其检测受控进口管线175处的温度并且然后通过阀365和160适当地控制所述流。控制冷的LNG流的阀365位于浸入式泵105的出口和低压LNG 320的进口之间。低压出口管线396将低压LNG罐320的液态部分320b和温度受控进口管线175流通地连接。浸入式泵105的出口连接于低压LNG罐320的蒸气部分320a。
在操作中,液化天然气可在图3所示的系统中从LNG罐100开始、经过浸入式泵105、流动至分配器110,或者从低压LNG罐320流动至分配器110。为了能够控制到达分配器110的LNG的饱和压力和温度,液化工具125工作以从低压LNG罐320内的天然气中除去热量。天然气通过蒸气放空管线397或者由浸入式泵105通过控制阀365进入低压LNG罐320。
随着液化工具125运行,冷的LNG在低压LNG罐320中累积。如果不存在对来自使用设备的冷的LNG的要求,则冷的LNG可通过放空管线395流出至分配器110,通过直接输入管线140(充当返回管线)进入LNG罐100。所述回流可在已经累积预定量的冷的LNG时或者在低压LNG罐320内的压力已经达到预定值时进行。
当温度感应阀控制器370检测到需要冷的LNG时,它可激活在所述浸入式泵105和所述低压LNG罐320之间的阀365。这造成冷的LNG从所述低压LNG罐320的液体部分320b经过所述低压输出管线396流动至所述温度受控进口管线175。
图4显示如图3的液化天然气存储和输送系统的示例性系统的图,其中液化工具425利用液氮而不是电从流动通过输送系统的LNG中除去热量。所述液化工具425具有管线,液氮通过该管线在低压LNG罐320内流动。所述液氮管线形成回路,其穿过所述低压LNG罐320的蒸气部分320a及液体部分320b。指示低压LNG罐320内的压力的压力传感器与阀和指示离开低压LNG罐320的液氮的温度的温度传感器协同工作以控制液氮的流动,并由此控制低压LNG罐320内的LNG的温度和饱和压力。
尽管本文描述了关于燃料(特别是作为车辆燃料使用的液化天然气(LNG))的存储和输送的设备、系统和方法,所述的设备、系统、和方法可以与其它低温流体一起使用。所述的设备、系统、和方法还可用于任何类型的低温流体的存储和输送系统。与提供的图相关的示例性实施方案的描述可不包括控制和系统调节特征,例如辅助阀、热安全阀、校准和计量回路(level and gauging circuit)、主压力放空回路、和填充回路。
尽管该说明书包含许多细节,但这些不应该解释为本发明要求保护的或可能要求保护的范围上的限制,而是对具体实施方案所特有的特征的描述。在独立实施方案的背景下在本说明书中描述的某些特征还可以在单个实施方案中组合实施。相反,在单个实施方案的背景下描述的各种特征也可在多个实施方案中分别实施或者以任何合适子组合方式实施。此外,尽管以上可能以某种组合的方式将特征进行描述并且甚至最初如此要求保护的,但是来自所要求保护的组合的一个或者多个特征在一些情况下可以从该组合中分离出来,而且所述要求保护的组合可以涉及子组合或者子组合的变型。类似地,尽管在附图中以特定的顺序描述操作,这不应该被理解为要求所述操作以所示的特定顺序或者先后顺序进行,或者要求进行全部阐述的操作,以实现期望的结果。
虽然本文参考某些版本详细描述了各种方法和设备的实施例,但是应该理解其它版本、使用方法、实施方案和其组合也是可能的。因此,随附权利要求的精神和范围不应该限制于本文包含的实施方案的描述。
Claims (15)
1.用于在预定的饱和压力下将低温流体燃料输送至燃料罐的系统,所述系统包括:
源罐,其具有顶部部分和底部部分,所述源罐包含燃料,所述燃料包含气体部分和液体部分;
泵,其通过蒸气管线流通地连接至所述源罐的顶部部分和通过液体管线流通地连接至所述源罐的底部部分,该泵配置成将燃料从所述源罐向车辆燃料罐泵送;
冷却组件,其配置成由冷却低温流体围绕冷却管线,所述冷却管线的第一端流通地连接所述泵的出口且第二端流通地连接受控进口管线,所述受控进口管线与所述车辆燃料罐流体连通;
环境温度管线,其具有连接至所述泵的出口的第一端和连接至所述受控进口管线的第二端;和
温度感应阀控制器,其连接于:
位于所述冷却管线的第二端的冷燃料控制阀;
位于所述环境温度管线的第二端的暖燃料控制阀;和
所述受控进口管线,
所述温度感应阀控制器配置成用于测量在所述受控进口管线中的燃料的温度并且控制通过所述冷燃料控制阀和所述暖燃料控制阀的燃料流动以保持所述受控进口管线中燃料的温度在预定的温度范围之内。
2.权利要求1的系统,其中所述冷却组件包括具有顶部部分和底部部分的冷却罐,所述冷却组件的顶部部分围绕所述冷却低温流体的气体部分,所述冷却组件的底部部分围绕所述冷却低温流体的液体部分。
3.权利要求2的系统,进一步地包括与所述冷却组件流体连通的压力控制阀,所述压力控制阀连接至所述冷却组件的顶部部分。
4.权利要求2的系统,进一步地包括备用放空管线,所述备用放空管线包括与所述冷却低温流体的液体部分流体连通的第一端、与放空阀流体连通的第二端、和与所述源罐中燃料的气体部分接触的接触部分。
5.权利要求4的系统,其中从所述备用放空管线中放出冷却低温流体的速率取决于所述源罐内燃料的蒸气压的设定值。
6.权利要求1的系统,进一步地包括流通地连接至所述受控进口管线和所述车辆燃料罐的分配器罐,并且进一步地包括具有流通地连接至所述源罐的第一端和流通地连接至所述分配器罐的第二端的直接输入管线。
7.权利要求1的系统,进一步地包括流通地连接至所述冷却组件的液化工具,所述液化工具配置成使用电能从所述冷却低温流体除去热量。
8.权利要求1的系统,其中所述燃料是液化天然气。
9.权利要求1的系统,其中所述冷却低温流体是液氮。
10.权利要求1的系统,其中所述冷却组件包括通过具有单向阀的导管连接的两个罐,用于在第一压力下容纳冷却低温流体的第一罐和用于在第二压力下容纳冷却低温流体的第二罐,其中所述第一压力低于或等于所述第二压力,所述第一罐流通地连接至液化工具,所述第二罐配置成由冷却低温流体围绕冷却管线,以及所述单向阀配置成当所述第一压力与所述第二压力相等时仅容许流体从所述第一罐向所述第二罐流动。
11.用于在预定的饱和压力下输送低温流体燃料至燃料罐的系统,所述系统包括:
源罐,其具有顶部部分和底部部分,所述源罐包含燃料,所述燃料包括气体部分和液体部分;
泵,其通过蒸气管线流通地连接至所述源罐的顶部部分和通过液体管线流通地连接至所述源罐的底部部分,所述泵配置成将燃料从所述源罐向车辆燃料罐泵送;
冷却组件,其包含冷却低温流体,所述冷却组件流通地连接至液化工具、所述泵和受控进口管线,所述受控进口管线流通地连接至所述车辆燃料罐;
环境温度管线,其具有连接至所述泵的出口的第一端和连接至所述受控进口管线的第二端;和
温度感应阀控制器,其连接于:
位于泵的出口和冷却组件的进口之间的冷燃料控制阀;
位于所述环境温度管线的第二端的暖燃料控制阀;和
所述受控进口管线,
所述温度感应阀控制器配置成用于测量所述受控进口管线中燃料的温度和控制通过所述冷燃料控制阀和所述暖燃料控制阀的燃料流动以保持所述受控进口管线中燃料的温度在预定的温度范围之内,其中所述燃料包括在第一压力的液化天然气,并且所述冷却低温流体包括在第二压力的液化天然气,所述第一压力低于所述第二压力。
12.权利要求11的系统,其中所述液化工具配置成使用电能从所述冷却低温流体中除去热量。
13.权利要求11的系统,进一步地包括流通地连接至所述受控进口管线和所述车辆燃料罐的分配器罐,和进一步地包括具有流通地连接至所述源罐的第一端和流通地连接至所述分配器罐的第二端的直接输入管线。
14.权利要求11的系统,进一步地包括蒸气释放管线,其包括流通地连接所述冷却组件的第一端和连接所述源罐的第二端,所述蒸气释放管线配置成用于将所述燃料的蒸气部分从所述源罐输送至所述冷却组件。
15.权利要求11的系统,其中所述液化工具包括热量除去流体流动通过的热量除去管线,所述热量除去管线连接热量除去流体的分离源,通过一个或者多个液化工具阀控制热量除去流体的流动以保持所述冷却低温流体在所述冷却组件中的压力。
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