CN105527550B - A kind of method for supervising detection dissimilar metal state of insulation in conducting solution - Google Patents
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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Abstract
一种监检测异种金属在导电溶液中绝缘状态的方法属于腐蚀监测仪器技术领域。本发明提出了根据金属腐蚀等级的划分，确定了耦接异种金属间不同绝缘等级划分原则，从而为异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀电流监测时提供了并联回路中标准电阻值。由此，根据监测到测试回路中的电流大小，判定异种金属在导电溶液中的电偶腐蚀状态。本发明提出了采用并联旁路，测量旁路电流。根据电流大小，评判在导电溶液中异种金属电绝缘状态。实验证明，本发明能很好判定异种金属在导电溶液中的电偶腐蚀状态。
The invention relates to a method for monitoring and detecting the insulating state of dissimilar metals in a conductive solution, which belongs to the technical field of corrosion monitoring instruments. The invention proposes the division of metal corrosion levels and determines the principle of division of different insulation levels between coupling dissimilar metals, thereby providing standard resistance values in parallel loops for the monitoring of galvanic corrosion currents of dissimilar metals in conductive solutions. Thus, according to the magnitude of the current monitored in the test circuit, the galvanic corrosion state of the dissimilar metal in the conductive solution can be determined. The invention proposes to use a parallel bypass to measure the bypass current. According to the magnitude of the current, judge the electrical insulation state of dissimilar metals in the conductive solution. Experiments prove that the invention can well determine the galvanic corrosion state of dissimilar metals in conductive solution.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及异种金属在溶液中电偶腐蚀状态的监测方法，属于腐蚀监测仪器技术领域。The invention relates to a method for monitoring the galvanic corrosion state of dissimilar metals in solution, and belongs to the technical field of corrosion monitoring instruments.
背景技术Background technique
当两种不同的金属在腐蚀介质中接触后，其中自腐蚀电位较负的金属将被加速腐蚀。这就是电偶腐蚀。一般说来，异种金属间的电位差越大，电偶腐蚀愈严重。为了防止电偶腐蚀，一般使用了绝缘垫片，或者涂刷绝缘涂层将需要连接的不同金属件隔离起来。但是，随着其服役时间延长，这些起着绝缘功能的垫片、涂层都可能发生绝缘性能下降、甚至绝缘性能失效。由此，将不可避免地再次导致耦接的异种金属件中的其中一种自腐蚀电位较负的金属件加速腐蚀。When two different metals are in contact in a corrosive medium, the metal with a negative self-corrosion potential will be corroded at an accelerated rate. This is galvanic corrosion. Generally speaking, the greater the potential difference between dissimilar metals, the more serious the galvanic corrosion. In order to prevent galvanic corrosion, insulating gaskets are generally used, or insulating coatings are applied to isolate different metal parts that need to be connected. However, with the prolongation of its service time, the insulation performance of these gaskets and coatings that play an insulating function may decrease or even fail. As a result, it will inevitably lead to accelerated corrosion of one of the coupled dissimilar metal parts with a relatively negative self-corrosion potential.
目前，关于电偶电流的测试方法仅用于实验研究测试。在实际工况下，采用实验方法测试异种金属间的电偶电流是无法实施的，或者实施起来很困难。尽管也有提出通过测量异种金属间电压差，通过判断异种金属间的绝缘状况，以此评定耦接异种金属在溶液中的电偶腐蚀状态。但是，如图1所示可知，在测量电压表的输入阻抗也很大的情况下，进行并联测试，电路中的电阻将减小，流过电流比实际要大。除非电压表的测试电阻比绝缘电阻大很多。这是不可能的，因为绝缘材料电阻往往很大。为此，这种方法是不能准确判定耦接异种金属在溶液中的电偶腐蚀状态的。Currently, the test method on galvanic current is only used for experimental research testing. In actual working conditions, it is impossible or difficult to test the galvanic current between dissimilar metals by experimental methods. Although it has also been proposed to measure the voltage difference between dissimilar metals and judge the insulation status between dissimilar metals to evaluate the galvanic corrosion state of coupled dissimilar metals in solution. However, as shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that when the input impedance of the measuring voltmeter is also large, the resistance in the circuit will be reduced if the parallel test is performed, and the current flowing will be larger than it actually is. Unless the test resistance of the voltmeter is much larger than the insulation resistance. This is impossible because insulating materials tend to be very resistive. For this reason, this method cannot accurately determine the galvanic corrosion state of coupled dissimilar metals in solution.
基于此，本发明提出了根据金属腐蚀等级的划分，确定了耦接异种金属间不同绝缘等级划分原则，从而为异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀电流监测时提供了并联回路中标准电阻值。由此，根据监测到测试回路中的电流大小，判定异种金属在导电溶液中的电偶腐蚀状态。Based on this, the present invention proposes the division of metal corrosion levels and determines the principle of division of different insulation levels between coupled dissimilar metals, thereby providing standard resistance values in parallel circuits for the monitoring of galvanic corrosion currents of dissimilar metals in conductive solutions. Thus, according to the magnitude of the current monitored in the test circuit, the galvanic corrosion state of the dissimilar metal in the conductive solution can be determined.
发明内容Contents of the invention
1、结合金属耐蚀等级和异种金属电偶腐蚀敏感性划分，提出异种金属间绝缘状态的判定标准，见表1.1. Combined with the metal corrosion resistance level and the galvanic corrosion sensitivity classification of dissimilar metals, the criteria for judging the insulation state between dissimilar metals are proposed, see Table 1.
2、提出了不同绝缘状态条件下，对应异种金属绝缘电阻值的计算方法：2. The calculation method of the corresponding dissimilar metal insulation resistance value under different insulation conditions is proposed:
1)根据不同绝缘状态下，异种金属偶对中阳极金属材料的腐蚀深度，计算对应的腐蚀电流密度(ia)，即1) According to the corrosion depth of the anode metal material in the dissimilar metal couple under different insulation conditions, calculate the corresponding corrosion current density ( ia ), namely
2)按照式(2)计算异种金属间的自腐蚀电位差(ΔV)，即2) Calculate the self-corrosion potential difference (ΔV) between dissimilar metals according to formula (2), namely
3)按照公式(3)计算出异种金属偶对材料中阳极材料在不同绝缘状态下所需的最小绝缘电阻值(R0)，即3) Calculate the minimum insulation resistance value (R 0 ) required by the anode material in the dissimilar metal pair material under different insulation states according to the formula (3), that is,
其中，in,
分别为偶对材料阴极、阳极自腐蚀电位。 are the self-corrosion potentials of the cathode and anode of the pair material, respectively.
VL：年腐蚀深度，mm/yV L : annual corrosion depth, mm/y
ρ：阳极材料密度，g/cm3.ρ: Density of anode material, g/cm 3 .
n:阳极材料原子电化学反应失去的电荷数；n: the number of charges lost by the electrochemical reaction of the anode material atoms;
m:阳极材料原子量，g.m: atomic weight of anode material, g.
3、提出了异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀监测原理电路图，如图2所示。3. The principle circuit diagram of galvanic corrosion monitoring of dissimilar metals in conductive solution is proposed, as shown in Figure 2.
通常，溶液电阻比起绝缘电阻小得多。如图2所示，将异种金属间电位差(△V)视为一个直流电源，溶液电阻(r)为电源的内阻，绝缘电阻(R)视为外电路上的电阻。这样，异种金属间的电偶腐蚀电流为Typically, solution resistance is much smaller than insulation resistance. As shown in Figure 2, the potential difference (△V) between dissimilar metals is regarded as a DC power supply, the solution resistance (r) is the internal resistance of the power supply, and the insulation resistance (R) is regarded as the resistance on the external circuit. In this way, the galvanic corrosion current between dissimilar metals is
I＝I2＝△V/(R+r) (4)I＝I 2 ＝△V/(R+r) (4)
为了测量电偶电流I，本发明提出利用外电路，并联一个标准电阻R′。该标准电阻大小为按照公式(3)计算出异种金属偶对材料中阳极材料在不同绝缘状态下的最小绝缘电阻值(R0)。在这种情况下，电偶腐蚀电流为In order to measure the galvanic current I, the present invention proposes to use an external circuit and connect a standard resistance R' in parallel. The standard resistance value is the minimum insulation resistance value (R 0 ) of the anode material in the dissimilar metal pair material under different insulation states calculated according to the formula (3). In this case, the galvanic corrosion current is
I＝I1+I2＝△V/(R//R′+r) (5)I=I 1 +I 2 =△V/(R//R'+r) (5)
其中，R//R′表示绝缘电阻R与标准电阻R′并联。Among them, R//R' means that the insulation resistance R is connected in parallel with the standard resistance R'.
为了进一步讨论并联标准电阻R′对工况下电偶腐蚀电流的影响，可以利用式(5)对R′求导数，结果如式(6)所示：In order to further discuss the influence of parallel standard resistance R' on the galvanic corrosion current under working conditions, formula (5) can be used to calculate the derivative of R', and the result is shown in formula (6):
从式(6)可见，由于电偶腐蚀电流I对并联标准电阻R′求导数为负数，说明增大标准电阻R′，可以减少对工况下电偶腐蚀电流的影响。It can be seen from formula (6) that since the derivative of the galvanic corrosion current I with respect to the parallel standard resistance R' is negative, it shows that increasing the standard resistance R' can reduce the influence on the galvanic corrosion current under working conditions.
当并联标准电阻R′等于绝缘电阻R时，即R′＝R,则有When the parallel standard resistance R' is equal to the insulation resistance R, that is, R'=R, then there is
从式(7)可知，由于绝缘电阻R本身很大，△V较小。因此，在并联标准电阻等于绝缘电阻时对测量异种金属在溶液中电偶腐蚀电流I的影响仍然很小。所以，采取如图2所示原理图测量工况下异种金属之间电偶腐蚀电流是可以的。It can be seen from formula (7) that since the insulation resistance R itself is very large, △V is small. Therefore, when the parallel standard resistance is equal to the insulation resistance, the influence on the measurement of the galvanic corrosion current I of dissimilar metals in solution is still small. Therefore, it is possible to take the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2 to measure the galvanic corrosion current between dissimilar metals under working conditions.
4)提出了异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀电流的监测及其绝缘状态的判定方法。4) A method for monitoring the galvanic corrosion current of dissimilar metals in conductive solutions and judging their insulation status is proposed.
在导电溶液中，当异种金属间绝缘效果完全良好时，异种金属的电位差基本恒定。在这种情况下，绝缘电阻大于公式(3)计算的最小绝缘电阻(R0)。当按照图2并联一个标准电阻R′，且R′＝R0时，从图2所示和公式(5)可知，I1>I2。如果采用2I1代替异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀电流I大小，结果偏大于实际状态。所以，在这种情况下，只要当监测的电流I1小于异种金属自腐蚀电位差与并联标准电阻的比值即Ia时，即就可判定异种金属间绝缘状态开始由完全绝缘状态转向绝缘保持状态。In a conductive solution, when the insulation effect between dissimilar metals is completely good, the potential difference of dissimilar metals is basically constant. In this case, the insulation resistance is greater than the minimum insulation resistance (R 0 ) calculated by the formula (3). When a standard resistor R' is connected in parallel according to Figure 2, and R'=R 0 , it can be seen from Figure 2 and formula (5) that I 1 >I 2 . If 2I 1 is used instead of the size of the galvanic corrosion current I of dissimilar metals in the conductive solution, the result is larger than the actual state. Therefore, in this case, as long as the monitored current I 1 is less than the ratio of the self-corrosion potential difference of the dissimilar metal to the parallel standard resistance, that is, I a , that is It can be judged that the state of insulation between dissimilar metals begins to change from a state of complete insulation to a state of insulation retention.
当异种金属绝缘效果未见明显失效时，随着绝缘电阻减小，异种金属的电位差开始逐渐减小。当绝缘电阻等于并联标准电阻R′时，同样从图2所示和公式(5)可知，I1＝I2。如果采用2I1代替异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀电流I大小，其结果与实际状态一致。在这种情况下，当监测电流I1的2倍值,即2I1小于异种金属自腐蚀电位差与并联标准电阻的比值即Ia时，即则判定异种金属间的绝缘状态开始丧失了。When the insulation effect of dissimilar metals does not show obvious failure, as the insulation resistance decreases, the potential difference of dissimilar metals begins to decrease gradually. When the insulation resistance is equal to the parallel standard resistance R', it can also be seen from Fig. 2 and formula (5) that I 1 =I 2 . If 2I 1 is used instead of the magnitude of the galvanic corrosion current I of dissimilar metals in the conductive solution, the result is consistent with the actual state. In this case, when the monitoring current I 1 is twice the value, that is, 2I 1 is less than the ratio of the self-corrosion potential difference of the dissimilar metal to the parallel standard resistance, that is, I a , that is It is judged that the insulating state between dissimilar metals has started to be lost.
5)提出了异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀监测仪的控制程序。5) The control program of the galvanic corrosion monitor for dissimilar metals in conductive solutions is proposed.
本发明提出了采用并联旁路，测量旁路电流。根据电流大小，评判在导电溶液中异种金属电绝缘状态。具体如图5所示。The invention proposes to use a parallel bypass to measure the bypass current. According to the magnitude of the current, judge the electrical insulation state of dissimilar metals in the conductive solution. Specifically shown in Figure 5.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1电压法测量异种金属间电压的原理图Figure 1 Schematic diagram of measuring the voltage between dissimilar metals by voltage method
图2异种金属在导电溶液中电偶腐蚀状态监测原理图Figure 2 Schematic diagram of monitoring the state of galvanic corrosion of dissimilar metals in conductive solution
图3当并联测试旁路标准电阻为20K欧姆时，模拟电偶对电化学参数变化Figure 3 When the parallel test bypass standard resistance is 20K ohms, the electrochemical parameter changes of the simulated galvanic couple
图4当并联测试旁路标准电阻为200K欧姆时，模拟电偶对电化学参数变化Figure 4 When the parallel test bypass standard resistance is 200K ohms, the electrochemical parameter changes of the simulated galvanic couple
图5本发明流程图Fig. 5 flow chart of the present invention
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以B10和黄铜H62构成的电偶对为例，模拟计算了工况下这两种异种金属间电压差和测量电流的变化规律。具体如图3、4所示。Taking the galvanic couple composed of B10 and brass H62 as an example, the variation law of the voltage difference between the two dissimilar metals and the measured current was simulated and calculated under working conditions. Specifically shown in Figure 3,4.
根据表1，可以计算出B10/H62完全电绝缘状态下的电位差为0.175V,最小绝缘电阻为200K欧姆，对应的最大电偶电流0.85微安；电绝缘状态初步丧失的最大绝缘电阻20K欧姆，对应的最小电偶电流8.5微安。According to Table 1, it can be calculated that the potential difference of B10/H62 under the state of complete electrical insulation is 0.175V, the minimum insulation resistance is 200K ohms, and the corresponding maximum galvanic current is 0.85 microamps; the maximum insulation resistance of the initial loss of electrical insulation state is 20K ohms , corresponding to a minimum galvanic current of 8.5 microamps.
当测试旁路并联标准电阻为20K欧姆时，根据图2所示电路图，按照如图3所示电位差E的变化趋势，可以模拟计算出实际电偶腐蚀电流I、测试旁路电流I1。同样，如果测试旁路并联标准电阻为200K欧姆时，模拟计算出工况下实际电偶腐蚀电流I、测试旁路电流I1的情况，见图4.When the test bypass parallel standard resistance is 20K ohms, according to the circuit diagram shown in Figure 2, according to the change trend of the potential difference E shown in Figure 3, the actual galvanic corrosion current I and test bypass current I1 can be simulated and calculated. Similarly, if the test bypass parallel standard resistance is 200K ohms, simulate and calculate the actual galvanic corrosion current I and test bypass current I 1 under working conditions, as shown in Figure 4.
从图3可见，实际电偶电流I与测试旁路电流I1有一交汇点，此处电偶电流2.4微安左右。根据前面的计算，电绝缘状态初步丧失的最大绝缘电阻20K欧姆，对应的最小电偶电流8.5微安。也就是，在电绝缘状态初步丧失的状态下，图2中所示电偶腐蚀电流I为8.5微安。根据并联原理，当电绝缘电阻降低到20K欧姆时，测试旁路的电流I1为4.25微安。就是说，当测试旁路中的电流为4.25微安时，电绝缘状态开始初步丧失了。与实际模拟计算的电流值2.4微安比较，该值稍微偏大，表明这种监测方法较为保守。It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the actual galvanic current I and the test bypass current I 1 have an intersection point, where the galvanic current is about 2.4 microamps. According to the previous calculation, the maximum insulation resistance of the initial loss of electrical insulation state is 20K ohms, and the corresponding minimum galvanic current is 8.5 microamps. That is, the galvanic corrosion current I shown in FIG. 2 was 8.5 microamperes in the state where the electrical insulation state was initially lost. According to the principle of parallel connection, when the electrical insulation resistance is reduced to 20K ohms, the current I 1 of the test bypass is 4.25 microamps. That is, when the current in the test shunt was 4.25 microamperes, the electrical insulation state began to be initially lost. Compared with the actual simulation calculated current value of 2.4 microamps, this value is slightly larger, indicating that this monitoring method is more conservative.
同样，为了监测完全电绝缘状态，测试旁路并联标准电阻为200K欧姆时，模拟计算结果见图4所示。同理，可得监测电流值为0.85微安。Similarly, in order to monitor the state of complete electrical insulation, when the standard resistance of the parallel connection of the test bypass is 200K ohms, the simulation calculation results are shown in Figure 4. Similarly, the monitoring current value can be obtained as 0.85 microamperes.
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| CN110687378A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-14 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Dissimilar metal electrical isolation monitoring device |
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