CN105524693A - 一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油 - Google Patents

一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油 Download PDF

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CN105524693A
CN105524693A CN201510988930.7A CN201510988930A CN105524693A CN 105524693 A CN105524693 A CN 105524693A CN 201510988930 A CN201510988930 A CN 201510988930A CN 105524693 A CN105524693 A CN 105524693A
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高恒东
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Wuhu Chuangyuan New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：工业油酸280-285、单质碘12.6-13、丙烯酸72-74、三羟甲基丙烷134-135、甲苯磺酸15-16、纳米碳化硼颗粒15-17、司盘800.8-1、羧甲基纤维素钠2-3、去离子水30-32、羟乙基咪唑啉3.2-3.5、聚甲基丙烯酸酯10-12、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌3.5-4、钼酸酯2-3、乙丙共聚物胶粉4-5、聚亚烷基二醇2.5-3、十八胺0.8-1、喹唑啉酮胺1.4-1.6。本发明具有良好的低温性能，抗剪切，具有保持粘度和与粘度相关的性能不变的能力，可以延长液压油的使用寿命长。

Description

一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油
技术领域
本发明涉及液压技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油。
背景技术
近年来，随着液压系统设计、制造技术的发展和日趋完善，液压技术在新一代机械设备上得到广泛的应用。液压机械作业环境的多变性，给液压油带来了很大的挑战：液压油必须承受高压高温、温度变化、恶劣环境的考验，需要有优良的粘温性能和较高的承载能力，保证机械的工作效率和使用寿命，但现有的抗磨液压油难以完全满足液压系统复杂多变的工况。现在广泛使用的抗磨液压油，粘度指数较低，粘温性能差，适合冬夏长期使用的液压油较少，在温差变化较大时需更换液压油；氧化安定性能不稳定，髙温时氧化产生油泥，堵塞滤油器；承载能力不足，不能承受较大的冲击负荷。
《高性能多级抗磨液压油的研制》一文中通过对多种基础油、粘度调节剂、抗氧剂、润滑添加剂性能评价的基础油上，通过理论和实验研究，研制了一种多级抗磨液压油，拓宽液压油的温度适用性，提髙液压机械的使用寿命，延长液压油使用时间、节约能源。但是随着人们环保意识的加强和环保法规的日益严格，可生物降解润滑油的开发和使用越来越引起人们的广泛关注，大部分的液压基础油的生物降解性差，属生物难降解润滑材料。此文章中没有针对液压油的可降解性以及可降解基础油的抗氧化性进行阐述。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：工业油酸280-285、单质碘12.6-13、丙烯酸72-74、三羟甲基丙烷134-135、甲苯磺酸15-16、纳米碳化硼颗粒15-17、司盘800.8-1、羧甲基纤维素钠2-3、去离子水30-32、羟乙基咪唑啉3.2-3.5、聚甲基丙烯酸酯10-12、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌3.5-4、钼酸酯2-3、乙丙共聚物胶粉4-5、聚亚烷基二醇2.5-3、十八胺0.8-1、喹唑啉酮胺1.4-1.6。
所述一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将工业油酸放入反应釜中，加热至200-210℃，加入单质碘，搅拌均匀后继续加入丙烯酸，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌反应2-2.5小时，自然冷却后对粗产品进行分离精制，得到高纯油酸；将高纯油酸放入反应釜中，加入三羟甲基丙烷、甲苯磺酸，加热至120-130℃，回流反应3-4小时，冷却、过滤、蒸馏，得到基础油，即三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯；
（2）将羧甲基纤维素钠加入去离子水中，搅拌10分钟至完全溶解，然后加入司盘80，以600-800转/分的速度搅拌10分钟，得到分散液，继续加入纳米碳化硼颗粒，搅拌10-15分钟得到悬浮液，再将悬浮液置于超声波清洗仪器中超声分散15-20分钟后喷雾干燥得到改性纳米氮化硼颗粒；
（3）将一半量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯放入搅拌中，加入羟乙基咪唑啉，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌15-20分钟后加入步骤（2）得到的改性纳米氮化硼颗粒，继续搅拌30-40分钟，直至分散均匀，得到减摩抗磨增强基础油；
（4）将剩余量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯加入反应釜中，加入十八胺，边搅拌边加热至50-60℃，然后缓慢加入乙丙共聚物胶粉，继续升温至140-160℃，反应60-90分钟后加入聚甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，控温搅拌90-120分钟，然后降温至50-60℃，加入除减摩抗磨增强基础油之外的其余剩余成分，连续搅拌90-120分钟，直至混合物全部溶解待用；
（5）将步骤（3）得到的减摩抗磨增强基础油与步骤（4）得到的产物混合，以1000-1200转/分的速度搅拌均匀，然后经过三辊磨磨制3次，最后经过3级过滤后装桶，即得成品。
本发明的优点是：本发明通过一系列的反应将工业油酸制成高纯油酸，利用自制高纯油酸再制备成三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯，改善了工业油酸容易发生氧化的缺点，使得制成的基础油具有良好的抗氧化性以及低温性能，同时具有较高的生物降解率；本发明还在基础油中添加羟乙基咪唑啉，降低了油/水界面张力和且加速了微生物生长，从而进一步提高了本发明产品的生物降解性，配合改性纳米氮化硼颗粒的添加，在摩擦副之间起到滚动的“微轴承”作用，从而起到减摩抗磨的作用。
本发明通过一系列的工艺步骤将聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯丙烯共聚物胶粉等成分通过一系列的反应添加到合成液压油的制备中，具有良好的低温性能，抗剪切，具有保持粘度和与粘度相关的性能不变的能力，可以延长液压油的使用寿命长，有效地控制油品的质量，而且产品对金属部件无腐蚀。本发明工艺操作便于工业控制，制备条件温和，环境友好。
具体实施方式
一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：工业油酸280、单质碘12.6、丙烯酸72、三羟甲基丙烷134、甲苯磺酸15、纳米碳化硼颗粒15、司盘800.8、羧甲基纤维素钠2、去离子水30、羟乙基咪唑啉3.2、聚甲基丙烯酸酯10、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌3.5、钼酸酯2、乙丙共聚物胶粉4、聚亚烷基二醇2.5、十八胺0.8、喹唑啉酮胺1.4。
所述一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将工业油酸放入反应釜中，加热至200℃，加入单质碘，搅拌均匀后继续加入丙烯酸，以300转/分的速度搅拌反应2小时，自然冷却后对粗产品进行分离精制，得到高纯油酸；将高纯油酸放入反应釜中，加入三羟甲基丙烷、甲苯磺酸，加热至120℃，回流反应3小时，冷却、过滤、蒸馏，得到基础油，即三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯；
（2）将羧甲基纤维素钠加入去离子水中，搅拌10分钟至完全溶解，然后加入司盘80，以600转/分的速度搅拌10分钟，得到分散液，继续加入纳米碳化硼颗粒，搅拌10分钟得到悬浮液，再将悬浮液置于超声波清洗仪器中超声分散15分钟后喷雾干燥得到改性纳米氮化硼颗粒；
（3）将一半量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯放入搅拌中，加入羟乙基咪唑啉，以300转/分的速度搅拌15分钟后加入步骤（2）得到的改性纳米氮化硼颗粒，继续搅拌30分钟，直至分散均匀，得到减摩抗磨增强基础油；
（4）将剩余量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯加入反应釜中，加入十八胺，边搅拌边加热至50℃，然后缓慢加入乙丙共聚物胶粉，继续升温至140℃，反应60分钟后加入聚甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，控温搅拌90分钟，然后降温至50℃，加入除减摩抗磨增强基础油之外的其余剩余成分，连续搅拌90分钟，直至混合物全部溶解待用；
（5）将步骤（3）得到的减摩抗磨增强基础油与步骤（4）得到的产物混合，以1000转/分的速度搅拌均匀，然后经过三辊磨磨制3次，最后经过3级过滤后装桶，即得成品。
本发明制成的液压油，经过试验得到数据如下：运动粘度在40℃为47.0mm2/s，100℃为11.0mm2/s；粘度指数为197；生物降解率达到97%；腐蚀试验达到1级。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：工业油酸280-285、单质碘12.6-13、丙烯酸72-74、三羟甲基丙烷134-135、甲苯磺酸15-16、纳米碳化硼颗粒15-17、司盘800.8-1、羧甲基纤维素钠2-3、去离子水30-32、羟乙基咪唑啉3.2-3.5、聚甲基丙烯酸酯10-12、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌3.5-4、钼酸酯2-3、乙丙共聚物胶粉4-5、聚亚烷基二醇2.5-3、十八胺0.8-1、喹唑啉酮胺1.4-1.6。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种具有良好剪切稳定性的可降解合成液压油，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将工业油酸放入反应釜中，加热至200-210℃，加入单质碘，搅拌均匀后继续加入丙烯酸，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌反应2-2.5小时，自然冷却后对粗产品进行分离精制，得到高纯油酸；将高纯油酸放入反应釜中，加入三羟甲基丙烷、甲苯磺酸，加热至120-130℃，回流反应3-4小时，冷却、过滤、蒸馏，得到基础油，即三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯；
（2）将羧甲基纤维素钠加入去离子水中，搅拌10分钟至完全溶解，然后加入司盘80，以600-800转/分的速度搅拌10分钟，得到分散液，继续加入纳米碳化硼颗粒，搅拌10-15分钟得到悬浮液，再将悬浮液置于超声波清洗仪器中超声分散15-20分钟后喷雾干燥得到改性纳米氮化硼颗粒；
（3）将一半量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯放入搅拌中，加入羟乙基咪唑啉，以300-400转/分的速度搅拌15-20分钟后加入步骤（2）得到的改性纳米氮化硼颗粒，继续搅拌30-40分钟，直至分散均匀，得到减摩抗磨增强基础油；
（4）将剩余量的三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯加入反应釜中，加入十八胺，边搅拌边加热至50-60℃，然后缓慢加入乙丙共聚物胶粉，继续升温至140-160℃，反应60-90分钟后加入聚甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，控温搅拌90-120分钟，然后降温至50-60℃，加入除减摩抗磨增强基础油之外的其余剩余成分，连续搅拌90-120分钟，直至混合物全部溶解待用；
（5）将步骤（3）得到的减摩抗磨增强基础油与步骤（4）得到的产物混合，以1000-1200转/分的速度搅拌均匀，然后经过三辊磨磨制3次，最后经过3级过滤后装桶，即得成品。
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