CN105518406A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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CN105518406A
CN105518406A CN201480049370.2A CN201480049370A CN105518406A CN 105518406 A CN105518406 A CN 105518406A CN 201480049370 A CN201480049370 A CN 201480049370A CN 105518406 A CN105518406 A CN 105518406A
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cooling
heat exchanger
heat
air
fluid
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CN105518406B (zh
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C.斯特雷勒
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05358Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/035Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other with U-flow or serpentine-flow inside the conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/10Particular layout, e.g. for uniform temperature distribution
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/104Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with parallel flow

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种尤其用于汽车的内燃机的热交换器。所述热交换器具有至少两个能供导热的流体(14)流通的冷却元件(9)和至少一个布置在所述冷却元件(9)之间并且能供冷却空气(11)流通的流动通道(10)。为了改善热交换器的冷却效率,按照本发明规定,流动通道(10)这样在两个冷却元件(9)之间延伸,使得冷却空气(11)在流动通道(10)内的流动方向(12)平行于导热的流体(14)在两个冷却元件(9)内的流动方向(13)延伸。

Description

热交换器
本发明涉及一种尤其用于汽车的内燃机的热交换器,其具有至少两个能供导热的流体流通的冷却元件和至少一个布置在所述冷却元件之间并且能供冷却空气流通的流动通道。
汽车通常配设有至少一个热交换器,其用于将在内燃机运行中产生的废热排放到周围环境中。也称为水冷却器的热交换器通常布置在汽车的前部区域中并且通过含有冷却剂的流体与内燃机热学耦连。
为了将内燃机的废热排放到周围环境中,使空气流流过热交换器。所述空气流例如在行驶中通过汽车的行驶运动产生或者可以在汽车行驶较慢或者静止时由风扇产生或增强。
常用的如在DE102010027053A1中公开的热交换器具有多个可供导热流体流通的并且设计为管的冷却元件,它们彼此平行地在热交换器的迎流面的平面上延伸。在可供流体流通的冷却元件之间布置有薄片,它们与冷却元件热学耦连并且同时提供尽可能大的面积,以便将废热从流体中排放到空气流或环境空气中。
在此,热交换器具有多个彼此平行地延伸并且设计为管的冷却元件。在热交换器装入到汽车内的情况下,冷却元件在由汽车横向和汽车高度方向形成的平面内延伸,也就是平行于汽车横向地延伸。因此,通过冷却元件导引的导热流体基本上沿汽车横向流动,而通过薄片在冷却元件之间的流动通道内导引的吸热的冷却空气沿汽车纵向流动。导热流体的流动方向与冷却空气的流动方向彼此垂直地定向。
为了提供对于内燃机运行来说充足的冷却效率,对于已知的热交换器规定了相对较大的结构形状。在此,热交换器基本上将整个在汽车前部区域中可供使用的、沿汽车横向和汽车高度方向延伸的面用作迎流面。用于汽车结构在构造和几何形状上的规定,前部区域内可供使用的面并且因此热交换器的迎流面是有限的。由此,热交换器的冷却效率也是有限的。如果热交换器的迎流面由于几何形状或结构上的规定改变而必须缩小或者应在汽车中安装效率更高的并且由此产生更多废热的内燃机,则通过可供使用的迎流面产生的热交换器冷却效率则可能不再足够用于确保充分的冷却和内燃机的无干扰运行。
在此背景下,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,将本文开头所述类型的热交换器设计为,使得其在迎流面相同的情况下具有更好的冷却效率。
该技术问题按本发明通过一种按照权利要求1所述特征的热交换器解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明的特别适宜的扩展设计。
按照本发明规定一种热交换器,其中,流动通道这样在两个冷却元件之间延伸,使得冷却空气在流动通道内的流动方向平行于导热的流体在两个冷却元件内的流动方向延伸。通过将放热流体的流动方向与吸热流体的流动方向彼此平行地布置,延长了流体将所吸收的热量传递至冷却空气的路径。在本文开头所述的现有技术中,流体和冷却空气的流动方向彼此垂直地布置,与现有技术相比,可以将更多热量从流体排放至冷却空气。由此,热交换器在迎流面相同的情况下具有更好的冷却功率或更好的效率,因此热交换器在冷却功率相同的情况下具有比迄今使用的热交换器更小的迎流面。
在此,流体和冷却空气的流动方向可以沿相同的方向延伸。然而本发明的一种特别有利的扩展设计规定,冷却空气在流动通道内的流动方向沿着与导热的流体在两个冷却元件内的流动方向相反的方向延伸。由于导热的流体和吸热的冷却空气沿相反的方向流过彼此,所以在流体和冷却空气之间总是存在温度差,因此能够将流体热负载的很大一部分传递至冷却空气。
热交换器的冷却功率的进一步改进由此实现,即,所述冷却元件分别具有至少两个并排布置的并且沿导热流体的流动方向延伸的流体通道。由此增大了流体和冷却空气之间的热传递面积并且可以将更多热量从流体排放至冷却空气。
在此业已证明特别适宜的是,所述流体通道设计为,使得导热的流体在至少一个第一流体通道内的流动方向沿着冷却空气的流动方向的方向延伸,并且导热的流体在第二流体通道内沿着与冷却空气的流动方向相反的方向延伸。在这种情况下,冷却元件的流体通道的端部区域至少部分地通过转向装置在流体技术上相连。通过转向装置可以使待冷却的流体在冷却元件内部一次或多次地转向,从而几乎可将流体的所有热负载传递至冷却空气。
此外业已证明对于流体和冷却空气之间的热传递有利的是,所述冷却元件的朝向流通的流体的表面具有压印成型部和/或在所述冷却元件中布置有导流的装置,尤其是导板。由此增大了冷却元件的表面并且改善了热传递。附加地可以通过压印成型部或通过布置在冷却元件内的导板、嵌入物或涡流器这样影响流体在冷却元件中的流动,使得冷却元件内的总流通路径延长。
此外规定,所述冷却元件设计为水平或者垂直布置的板并且彼此平行地布置。在垂直布置的板中,导热流体可以良好地均匀分布在各单独板上。这附加地使导热或放热的流体的压力损失减小。
按照本发明的另一特征在于,所述板这样倾斜于水平平面或者垂直平面布置,使得空气流在进入流动通道之前的迎流方向与冷却空气在流动通道内的流动方向形成钝角。通过适当地布置板,在可供使用的结构空间相同的情况下延长了流体和冷却空气之间的热传递路径。汽车的空气动力学特性和热交换器的冷却功率根据钝角的大小改变。在由汽车的行驶运动产生的空气流在进入流动通道之前的迎流方向与冷却空气在流动通道内的流动方向形成125°至145°之间的角度的情况下,板的斜率提供了在空气动力学特性和热交换器的冷却功率方面的最佳结果。
业已证明特别适宜的是,两个在其间形成流动通道的板在流体技术上相互连接并且具有用于导热流体的共同的入口和共同的出口,其中,所述入口布置在板的朝向流动通道的冷却空气输出面的一侧上,并且出口布置在板的朝向流动通道的冷却空气输入面的一侧上和/或入口相对于水平平面布置在板的上部区域中并且出口布置在板的下部区域中。
用于将废热排放到环境空气中的特别大的表面也由此形成,即,在流动通道内布置有薄片,它们与冷却元件热学耦连。
在另一独立的方面中,本发明还涉及一种汽车,其具有内燃机和热交换器,所述热交换器用于将在内燃机运行中产生的废热排放到周围环境中。在此,热交换器如前所述地设计。
本发明可以具有大量的实施形式。为了进一步说明其基本原理,在附图中显示并且在以下描述其中一个实施形式。在附图中:
图1以俯视图示出汽车,其具有布置在前部区域内的内燃机和按照本发明的热交换器;
图2在侧视图中示出汽车的前部区域的强烈简化的原理图;
图3示出图1和图2所示的热交换器的强烈简化的原理图;
图4以立体图示出热交换器的第一实施形式;
图5以立体图示出热交换器的第二实施形式;
图6示出具有相对于水平平面倾斜布置的冷却元件的第三实施形式;
图7示出热交换器的板的立体剖视图。
图1以俯视图示出汽车1,其具有布置在前部区域2内的内燃机3和热交换器4,而图2以侧视图示出前部区域2的简化原理图。
内燃机3和热交换器4这样布置在汽车1的发动机舱5中,使得热交换器4沿汽车1的行驶方向6处于内燃机3之前。为了将在内燃机3运行时产生的废热排放到周围环境中,内燃机3通过具有冷却剂的流体与设计为水冷却器的热交换器4热学耦连。导热的流体在内燃机3运行期间导入热交换器4内并且将所吸收的热量排放到同样引入热交换器4内的冷却空气中。通过汽车1沿行驶方向6的运动,产生具有与行驶方向6相反的迎流方向7的空气流并且通过热交换器4的迎流面8引入热交换器内。
图3示出按照本发明的热交换器4的强烈简化的原理图,所述热交换器具有两个平行布置的冷却元件9和在冷却元件之间延伸的流动通道10。沿迎流方向7指向热交换器4的迎流面8的空气流被引入流动通道10内并且作为冷却空气11流过流动通道10。在此,冷却空气11具有流动方向12,其平行并且相反于流过冷却元件9的流体14的流动方向13延伸。冷却元件9可以相对于水平平面(xy平面)重叠地(图3和图4)或者并排地(图5)布置,其中,流体14的流动方向13在两种情况下均平行于冷却空气11的流动方向12延伸。
图4以立体图示出按照本发明的热交换器4的设计方案。热交换器4具有多个设计为板15的冷却元件9,其中,板15水平地并且彼此平行地布置。流动通道10在各相邻的板15之间延伸,因此热交换器4由多个板15和多个流动通道10组成。在流动通道10内布置有冷却薄片16,以增大流动通道10的表面,所述冷却薄片与冷却元件9或板15热学耦连。所述板15平行于由机动车横向(y轴)和机动车纵向(x轴)形成的平面延伸并且分别具有多个并排布置且沿流体14的流动方向13延伸的流体通道17。
为了将吸收内燃机3的废热的流体引入热交换器4内并且将其从热交换器4中导出,热交换器具有入口18和出口19。所述入口18布置在相应板15的朝向热交换器4的冷却空气输出面20的一侧,并且出口19布置在相应板15的朝向热交换器4的冷却空气输入面21的一侧上。来自内燃机3并且导热的流体14通过入口18导入相对于水平平面(xy平面)的最上部的板15中、在该板15内部分布到并排布置的流体通道17内并且沿流动方向13流过所述流体通道。因为各个水平布置的板15在流体技术上相互连接,所以通过入口18导入最上部的板15内的流体14均匀地分布在重叠布置的板15中并且也沿流动方向13流过所述板。在流过板15期间,流体14将所吸收的热量排放至沿相反方向流动的冷却空气11。接下来流体14通过最下部的板15内的出口19导出热交换器4并且又导回内燃机3。
图5示出改变的实施形式,其中热交换器4的板15并不如在图4所示的实施形式中那样水平地布置,而是垂直地布置。在这种实施形式中,同样平行布置的板15平行于由汽车高度方向(z轴)和汽车纵向(x轴)形成的平面延伸。
图6示出另一实施形式,其中板15或冷却元件9彼此平行地并且倾斜于水平平面(xy平面)布置。冷却元件9的斜率这样设计,使得空气流在进入流动通道10之前的迎流方向8和冷却空气11在流动通道10内的流动方向12形成钝角22。由此,冷却元件9和流动通道10或流体14与冷却空气11之间的热传递路径23相比按照图3的布置在可供使用的结构空间相同的情况下延长并且由此改善热交换器4的冷却功率。
图7示出热交换器4的板15的立体剖视图。在板15中集成有导流的装置24。通过设计为导板的导流装置24,形成沿导热流体14的流动方向13延伸的并排布置的流体通道17。此外,冷却元件9或板15的朝向流通的流体14的表面25可以具有压印成型部26。此外,在板15内部或单独的流体通道17中可以设置其它导流的或者产生涡流的元件27或几何形状、例如板件、涡流器或嵌入件。由此能够改善导热的流体14与流动通道10中的冷却空气11之间的热传递。
如图5所示,板15可以具有转向装置28,所述转向装置将相邻的流动通道17在流体技术上相互连接。由此,沿与冷却空气11相反的方向流动的流体14转向180°(虚线),因此流体14的流动方向13接下来具有与流动通道10内的冷却空气11相同的流动方向。
附图标记清单
1汽车
2前部区域
3内燃机
4热交换器
5发动机舱
6行驶方向
7迎流方向(空气流)
8迎流面
9冷却元件
10流动通道
11冷却空气
12流动方向(冷却空气)
13流动方向(流体)
14流体
15板
16冷却片
17流体通道
18入口
19出口
20冷却空气输出面
21冷却空气输入面
22钝角
23热传递路径
24装置
25表面
26压印成型部
27元件
28转向装置

Claims (10)

1.一种尤其用于汽车(1)的内燃机(3)的热交换器(4),具有至少两个能供导热的流体(14)流通的冷却元件(9)和至少一个布置在所述冷却元件(9)之间并且能供冷却空气(11)流通的流动通道(10),其特征在于,流动通道(10)这样在两个冷却元件(9)之间延伸,使得冷却空气(11)在流动通道(10)内的流动方向(12)平行于导热的流体(14)在两个冷却元件(9)内的流动方向(13)延伸。
2.按权利要求1所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述冷却空气(11)在流动通道(10)内的流动方向(12)沿着与导热的流体(14)在所述至少两个冷却元件(9)内的流动方向(13)相反的方向延伸。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述冷却元件(9)分别具有至少两个并排布置的并且沿导热的流体(14)的流动方向(13)延伸的流体通道(17)。
4.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述流体通道(17)设计为,使得导热的流体(14)在至少一个第一流体通道(17)内的流动方向沿着冷却空气(11)的流动方向(12)的方向延伸,并且导热的流体(14)在第二流体通道(17)内沿着与冷却空气(11)的流动方向(12)相反的方向延伸。
5.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,冷却元件(9)的流体通道(17)的端部区域至少部分地通过转向装置(28)在流体技术上相连。
6.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述冷却元件(9)的朝向流通的导热的流体(14)的表面具有压印成型部和/或在所述冷却元件(9)中布置有导流的装置(24),尤其是导板和/或元件(27)。
7.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述冷却元件(9)设计为水平或者垂直布置的板(15)并且彼此平行地布置。
8.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述板(15)这样倾斜于水平平面(xy平面)或者垂直平面(xz平面)布置,使得空气流在进入流动通道(10)之前的迎流方向(7)与冷却空气(11)在流动通道(10)内的流动方向(12)形成钝角(22)。
9.按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),其特征在于,所述板(15)在流体技术上相互连接并且具有用于导热的流体(14)的共同的入口(18)和共同的出口(19),其中,所述入口(18)布置在板(15)的朝向热交换器(4)的冷却空气输出面(20)的一侧上,并且出口布置在板(15)的朝向热交换器的冷却空气输入面(21)的一侧上和/或入口(18)布置在板(15)的上部区域中并且出口(19)布置在板(15)的下部区域中。
10.一种汽车(1),具有内燃机(3)和按前述权利要求中至少一项所述的热交换器(4),所述热交换器用于将在内燃机(3)运行中产生的废热排放到周围环境中。
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