CN105515422B - 适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器 - Google Patents

适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器 Download PDF

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CN105515422B
CN105515422B CN201610018464.4A CN201610018464A CN105515422B CN 105515422 B CN105515422 B CN 105515422B CN 201610018464 A CN201610018464 A CN 201610018464A CN 105515422 B CN105515422 B CN 105515422B
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蔡旭
常怡然
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/497—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode sinusoidal output voltages being obtained by combination of several voltages being out of phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，包括3组上桥臂和下桥臂，其中：上桥臂的最上端连接至直流母线，上桥臂的一个串联分支经过n重分叉后得到2n个子分支，子分支按照相位顺序连接至交流侧三相电源；由所述上桥臂构成的多重分叉结构MMC具有2n个交流端口(n>1)；下桥臂与上桥臂结构呈对称关系；各层中各子分支产生的交流电压满足电压合成需求，同时满足能量平衡条件，以维持分支中的能量平衡。本发明适用于超低调制比的应用，减小了导通损耗、功率器件整体容量和变换器电容总量。

Description

适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统中柔性直流输电、电力电子技术领域，具体地，涉及一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉结构模块化多电平变换器(MMC)。
背景技术
单分叉结构MMC(模块化多电平变换器)如图1所示，具有六个分叉结构的桥臂和两个交流端口，该变换器适用于调制比较低的AC/DC电能变换应用场合，在采用半桥结构模块作为子模块时，其调制比要求小于0.5，能够将低压交流源连接至高压直流源，但随着调制比的减小，如在超低调制比(调制比小于0.1)应用场合，单分叉结构MMC面临着损耗增加、电容量增加、开关器件容量增加等问题。
经检索，“模块组合多电平变换器的研究综述”，中国电机工程学报，第33卷，第6期，2013。该文的技术要点是：传统MMC的桥臂由子模块串联构成，常应用在调制比接近于1的场合，当调制比减小时，桥臂电流和电容电压波动均会增大，导致需要选取较大的功率器件和较大子模块电容。
检索中还发现，中国专利申请号为CN201510435580.1、公开号为105024569A的发明专利，提供了一种适用于低调制比应用的分叉结构模块化多电平变换器，但该发明的结构仅适用于调制比小于0.5的应用，其技术有进一步改善的空间。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，减小了所需功率器件的额定电流，减小了整体功率器件容量和导通损耗，也减小了子模块电容的总量。
为实现以上目的，本发明提供一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的多电平矩阵变换器，包括3组上桥臂和下桥臂，每组中的上桥臂与下桥臂呈对称关系，并通过桥臂电感相互连接，连接处引出作为交流端口的连接点；上桥臂的顶端连接至正直流母线，下桥臂的底端连接至负直流母线；其中：上桥臂的一个串联分支经过n重分叉后得到2n个子分支，下桥臂的一个串联分支经过n重分叉后得到2n个子分支，上桥臂的子分支与下桥臂的对应子分支通过桥臂电感相连，n>1。
优选地，3组上下桥臂共引出3×2n个交流端口连接点，3×2n个连接点按照一定的相位顺序连接至交流侧三相电源，其相位顺序为A相、B相、B相、C相、A相、A相、B相、B相、C相、A相…重复循环；由所述上桥臂构成的多重分叉的多电平矩阵变换器具有2n个三相交流端口(n>1)。
优选地，所述下桥臂与上桥臂结构呈对称关系：在每个桥臂中，定义连接到直流母线的子分支为第一层分支，经过n重的分叉的子分支为第n层分支，则各层中各子分支产生的交流电压满足电压合成需求，同时满足能量平衡条件，以维持分支中的能量平衡。
优选地，所述上桥臂、下桥臂各产生1/2的直流侧电压，其中每层分支产生相同的直流电压，各层总和为1/2的直流侧电压。
优选地，多重分叉结构MMC的交流侧输出电压由各层分支共同控制得到，从而满足电压合成需求。
优选地，所述的满足能量平衡条件，满足如下公式：
式中：
mdcln+1为对应子分支的直流电压调制比，即子分支的产生直流电压与变换器直流侧电压一半的比值；
为对应分支产生的交流电压幅值；
为交流端口的合成电压幅值；
为交流端口的功率因数角；
为对应分支交流电压相对分支电流的相位角。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1)适用于超低调制比的应用，本发明提供的n重分叉MMC(n>1)中的各子分支中的基频交流电流为传统MMC的1/2n，与现有技术相比，在超低调制比应用(调制比小于1/2n)中可以更有效地减小导通损耗；
2)由于分支基频电流随分叉次数n的增加(n>1)呈指数减小，功率器件所额定电流可以选取也大幅减小，使得整体功率器件整体容量得以减小。
3)变换器电容量取决于桥臂能量波动，即取决于桥臂中基频电流的大小，对比现有技术，本发明的多重分叉MMC(n>1)随分叉的增加能够大幅减少桥臂电流基频分量，因此能够进一步减少变换器的电容使用量。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为单分叉结构MMC示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例的多重分叉结构MMC的一个上桥臂示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例的二重分叉结构MMC示意图；
图4为本发明一实施例的二重分叉MMC的交流端口电流仿真结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，为单分叉结构MMC，其面临着损耗增加、电容量增加、开关器件容量增加等问题。
如图2-图4所示，本实施例提供一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉结构MMC，由呈对称关系的上桥臂与下桥臂组成；其中：
多重分叉MMC的上桥臂(如图2所示)，由该上桥臂构成的多重分叉结构MMC具有2n个交流端口(n>1)。其最上端连接至直流母线，桥臂结构一个串联分支经过n重分叉之后得到了2n个子分支，子分支按照一定的相位顺序连接至交流侧三相电源；由三个上桥臂与三个下桥臂组成多重分叉MMC，因此共有3×2n个子分支连接到交流侧三相电源，从左到右的连接顺序为：A相、B相、B相、C相、C相、A相……依次类推。一个二重分叉MMC的具体结构如图3所示。
每个分支的电压调制与传统MMC调制相同，可采用多种调制方法，如载波移相PWM调制、最近电平逼近调制；传统MMC中的各种电压平衡策略也完全适用于多重分叉结构MMC。
多重分叉MMC的上桥臂、下桥臂各产生1/2的直流侧电压，对于图2所示的n重分叉的上桥臂，处于同一层中的子分支产生相同的直流电压，n层子分支产生的直流电压总和为1/2的直流侧电压。多重分叉MMC的交流侧输出电压由各层分支共同控制得到，以第n+1层中的第一个分支为例，该子分支所连接的交流侧相电压由各层中的第一个分支的交流电压合成得到。
各层中各分支产生的的交流电压除了需要满足电压合成需求，还需要满足能量平衡条件，以维持分支中的能量平衡，对于第n+1层中的第x个分支：
式中：
mdcln+1为对应分支的直流电压调制比，即分支桥臂的产生直流电压与变换器直流侧电压一半的比值；
为对应分支产生的交流电压幅值；
为交流端口的合成电压幅值；
为交流端口的功率因数角；
为对应分支交流电压相对分支电流的相位角。
采用n＝2的二重分叉MMC(如图3所示)，各分支均由3个子模块构成，每个模块电容额定电压为2500V，桥臂电感1mH，交流侧滤波电感为1mH，各分支桥臂采用载波移相调制，载波频率为2000Hz，直流侧电压为20000V，四个交流端口并联到同一个交流电压源，交流电压源相电压幅值为1000V，频率为50Hz，变换器按照单位功率因数运行。在RTLAB实时仿真平台中进行仿真，控制交流端口电流幅值为500A，四组交流输出电流如图4所示，图4从上到下分别为四个交流端口的电流波形，具有较好的电流控制效果。
在传输同样功率时，常规MMC的桥臂基频电流需要达到1000A，而现有技术中较好的，如中国发明专利CN105024569A，其分支基频电流也需要达到500A，而本发明上述实施例中的二重分叉MMC分支基频电流仅需要达到250A，对比之下，本发明能够使用更小容量的功率器件，由于分支的基频电流的减小，导通损耗也相应减小，并且可以使用电容量更小的电容达到相同的电容电压纹波要求。
进一步的，在n>2时，其上述对应的各种效果更为明显，对于现有技术来说，是非常巨大的改进。
本发明适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉结构MMC，在超低调制比时，减小模块化多电平比变换器的桥臂电流，能够减小导通损耗，能够选取额定电流较小的功率器件并减小整体开关器件容量；在超低调制比时，减小模块化多电平比变换器的电容总量。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。

Claims (6)

1.一种适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，包括3组上桥臂和下桥臂，每组中的上桥臂与下桥臂呈对称关系，并通过桥臂电感相互连接，连接处引出作为交流端口的连接点；上桥臂的顶端连接至正直流母线，下桥臂的底端连接至负直流母线；其特征在于，所述上桥臂的一个串联分支经过n重分叉后得到2n个子分支，所述下桥臂的一个串联分支经过n重分叉后得到2n个子分支，n>1，所述上桥臂的子分支与所述下桥臂的对应子分支通过桥臂电感相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，其特征在于，3组上桥臂和下桥臂共引出3×2n个交流端口连接点，3×2n个连接点按照相位顺序连接至交流侧三相电源，从左到右的连接顺序为：A相、B相、B相、C相、C相、A相……依次类推；3组上桥臂和下桥臂构成的多重分叉的多电平矩阵变换器具有2n个三相交流端口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，其特征在于，所述下桥臂与上桥臂结构呈对称关系：在每个桥臂中，定义连接到直流母线的子分支为第一层分支，经过n重的分叉的子分支为第n层分支，则各层中各子分支产生的交流电压满足电压合成需求，同时满足能量平衡条件，以维持分支中的能量平衡。
4.根据权利要求3所述的适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，其特征在于，所述上桥臂、下桥臂各产生1/2的直流侧电压，其中每层分支产生相同的直流电压，各层总和为1/2的直流侧电压。
5.根据权利要求4所述的适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，其特征在于，所述多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器的交流侧输出电压由各层分支共同控制得到，从而满足电压合成需求。
6.根据权利要求3所述的适用于超低调制比应用的多重分叉的模块化多电平变换器，其特征在于，所述的满足能量平衡条件，满足如下公式：
式中：mdcln+1为对应子分支的直流电压调制比，即子分支的产生直流电压与变换器直流侧电压一半的比值；
为对应分支产生的交流电压幅值；
为交流端口的合成电压幅值；
为交流端口的功率因数角；
为对应分支交流电压相对分支电流的相位角。
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