CN105514972B - The PSCAD modelings of grid-connected converter and emulation mode during unbalanced grid faults - Google Patents
The PSCAD modelings of grid-connected converter and emulation mode during unbalanced grid faults Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明电网不对称故障时并网变流器的PSCAD建模及仿真方法，属于PSCAD建模及仿真方法技术领域；解决的技术问题为：提供一种实现并网变流器在正负双序独立控制策略下的PSCAD建模及仿真方法；采用的技术方案为：首先将并网变流器交流侧的三相电压电流通正负序电压电流的分离，将三相正序和负序电压电流变换到αβ轴，得到正负序电流dq轴的参考值，算出电流内环与电压外环的PI参数；适用于电力系统。
The PSCAD modeling and simulation method of the grid-connected converter when the power grid is asymmetrically faulted belongs to the technical field of PSCAD modeling and simulation methods; the technical problem to be solved is: to provide a method for realizing the positive and negative dual sequence The PSCAD modeling and simulation method under the independent control strategy; the adopted technical scheme is as follows: firstly, the three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of the grid-connected converter are separated by the positive and negative sequence voltage and current, and the three-phase positive and negative sequence voltages are separated. The current is transformed to the αβ axis, and the reference value of the positive and negative sequence current dq axis is obtained, and the PI parameters of the current inner loop and the voltage outer loop are calculated; it is suitable for power systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明电网不对称故障时并网变流器的PSCAD建模及仿真方法，属于PSCAD建模及仿真方法技术领域。The invention discloses a PSCAD modeling and simulation method for a grid-connected converter when an asymmetric fault occurs in a power grid, and belongs to the technical field of PSCAD modeling and simulation methods.
背景技术Background technique
目前众多输出频率非工频的元件的都要通过PWM变流器实现并网，比如光伏发电系统、直驱风机等，当电网发生不对称故障时，根据瞬时功率理论，并网变流器的交流侧的有功和无功功率含有二次谐波分量，同时直流侧母线电压也会存在二次纹波，当纹波足够大时，将会影响变流器的正常运行，甚至损害变流器，为了限制变流器直流母线电压的纹波，一种正负序独立控制的双电流环控制策略得到大量应用，为了更好地分析此种控制策略下并网变流器的特性，有必要对其建模方法进行研究。At present, many components with non-power frequency output frequency must be connected to the grid through PWM converters, such as photovoltaic power generation systems, direct drive fans, etc. When an asymmetric fault occurs in the grid, according to the instantaneous power theory, the grid-connected converter The active and reactive power on the AC side contains second harmonic components. At the same time, the bus voltage on the DC side also has a second ripple. When the ripple is large enough, it will affect the normal operation of the converter or even damage the converter. , in order to limit the ripple of the DC bus voltage of the converter, a double current loop control strategy with positive and negative sequence independent control has been widely used. In order to better analyze the characteristics of the grid-connected converter under this control strategy, it is necessary Research on its modeling method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明克服现有技术存在的不足，所要解决的技术问题为：提供一种实现并网变流器在正负双序独立控制策略下的PSCAD建模及仿真方法。The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved is: to provide a PSCAD modeling and simulation method for realizing the grid-connected converter under the positive and negative dual-sequence independent control strategies.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：电网不对称故障时并网变流器的PSCAD建模及仿真方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: PSCAD modeling and simulation method of grid-connected converter when grid asymmetry fault occurs, comprising the following steps:
将并网变流器交流侧的三相电压电流进行正负序分离；Separating the positive and negative sequences of the three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of the grid-connected converter;
将正序和负序电压电流通过Clark变换变换到αβ轴，通过三相锁相环锁住正负序电压的相位，再通过park变换将αβ轴的电压电流变换到dq旋转坐标轴；Transform the positive sequence and negative sequence voltage and current to the αβ axis through the Clark transformation, lock the phase of the positive and negative sequence voltage through the three-phase phase-locked loop, and then transform the voltage and current of the αβ axis to the dq rotating coordinate axis through the park transformation;
根据限制直流侧母线电压纹波的控制目标，结合变流器单位功率运行的要求，求得正负序电流dq轴的参考值；According to the control target of limiting the DC side bus voltage ripple, combined with the requirements of the unit power operation of the converter, the reference values of the positive and negative sequence current dq axes are obtained;
通过求得电压外环和电流内环的传递函数，给出5个PI调节器的参数整定方法；通过卸荷电路限制直流母线的过电压；最终实现并网变流器的正负序独立控制和限制直流母线电压纹波。By obtaining the transfer function of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the parameter setting methods of five PI regulators are given; the overvoltage of the DC bus is limited by the unloading circuit; finally, the positive and negative sequence independent control of the grid-connected converter is realized and limit the DC bus voltage ripple.
进一步的，具体包括以下步骤：Further, it specifically includes the following steps:
步骤S1：将并网变流器交流侧的三相电压电流通过相位平移实现正负序电压电流的分离：Step S1: The three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of the grid-connected converter are phase shifted to separate positive and negative sequence voltages and currents:
式(1)中：P代表正序、N代表负序；a、b、c分别表示A、B、C三相；F代表电压或电流；α为转子，其中α＝ej2π/3；In formula (1): P represents positive sequence, N represents negative sequence; a, b, c represent three phases of A, B and C respectively; F represents voltage or current; α is rotor, wherein α=e j2π/3 ;
步骤S2：通过clark变换将三相正序和负序电压电流变换到αβ轴，得到 并通过锁相环锁住正负序电压的相位；再通过park变换将αβ轴的正负序电压变换到dq旋转坐标轴：Step S2: Transform the three-phase positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages and currents to the αβ axis through the Clark transformation, and obtain And lock the phase of the positive and negative sequence voltages through the phase-locked loop; then transform the positive and negative sequence voltages of the αβ axis to the dq rotating coordinate axis through the park transformation:
由此可实现： This enables:
式(2)中，表示α轴正序的电压或电流、表示β轴正序的电压或电流、表示α轴负序的电压或电流、表示β轴负序的电压或电流；θ为锁相环得到的正序电压的相角；为交流侧正序电压幅值，为交流侧负序电压幅值；In formula (2), Indicates the voltage or current of the positive sequence of the α axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the positive sequence of the β axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the negative sequence of the α axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the negative sequence of the β axis; θ is the phase angle of the positive sequence voltage obtained by the phase locked loop; is the amplitude of the positive sequence voltage on the AC side, is the negative sequence voltage amplitude on the AC side;
式(3)中，分别为正负序电压的d轴和q轴分量；In formula (3), are the d-axis and q-axis components of the positive and negative sequence voltages, respectively;
步骤S3：根据式(4)得到正负序电流dq轴的参考值：Step S3: Obtain the reference value of positive and negative sequence current dq axes according to formula (4):
式(4)中，分别表示正、负序电流d轴和q轴分量的参考值； In formula (4), Respectively represent the reference values of positive and negative sequence current d-axis and q-axis components;
为直流电压外环得到的有功功率参考值，具体为： is the active power reference value obtained from the DC voltage outer loop, specifically:
式(5)中，为直流母线电压参考值，udc为直流母线电压，kvp为电压环的比例系数、kvi为电压环的积分系数。In formula (5), is the DC bus voltage reference value, u dc is the DC bus voltage, k vp is the proportional coefficient of the voltage loop, and k vi is the integral coefficient of the voltage loop.
步骤S4：通过公式(6)得到电流内环中4个PI参数，通过公式(7)得到电压外环中1个PI参数：Step S4: Obtain 4 PI parameters in the current inner loop through formula (6), and obtain 1 PI parameter in the voltage outer loop through formula (7):
式(6)中，kip为电流环的比例系数、kii为电流环的积分系数；R、L为网侧滤波电感的等效电电阻和电感；KPWM为PWM变流器的等效增益；TS仿真模型的采样周期；In formula (6), k ip is the proportional coefficient of the current loop, k ii is the integral coefficient of the current loop; R and L are the equivalent resistance and inductance of the filter inductor on the grid side; K PWM is the equivalent gain; the sampling period of the T S simulation model;
式(7)中，C为直流母线的电容。In formula (7), C is the capacitance of the DC bus.
步骤S1中通过PSCAD中的延时元件实现转子的延时，步骤S2中，锁相环在PSCAD中用PLL元件实现。In step S1, the time delay of the rotor is realized by the delay element in PSCAD, and in step S2, the phase locked loop is realized by PLL element in PSCAD.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明电网不对称故障时并网变流器的PSCAD建模及仿真方法，为了限制二次纹波对变流器的影响，本发明不但能够有效地限制有功功率和直流母线电压的二次纹波，从而提高变流器的运行效率，而且可以提高逆变型分布式电源的低电压穿越能力。1. The PSCAD modeling and simulation method of the grid-connected converter when the power grid is asymmetrically faulted in the present invention, in order to limit the influence of the secondary ripple on the converter, the present invention can not only effectively limit the secondary ripple of the active power and the DC bus voltage Secondary ripple, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the converter, and can improve the low-voltage ride-through capability of the inverter-type distributed power supply.
2、本发明，运用PSCAD仿真软件，PSCAD仿真软件具有直观易用的图形界面和精确高效的模拟，既可以研究交直流电力系统问题，又能完成电力电子器件仿真及非线性控制，本发明通过PSCAD仿真软件，给出了正序双序独立控制中正负序的分离及定向、正负序电压参考值的计算、PI参数的调节等重要步骤的实现方法，最终实现了并网变流器的在正负双序独立控制策略下的仿真，有效的抑制了直流侧母线电压和交流侧有功功率的纹波，本发明的方法为电网不对称条件下的新能源发电系统的建模与仿真提供了理论基础。2. The present invention uses PSCAD simulation software, which has an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical interface and accurate and efficient simulation. It can not only study AC/DC power system problems, but also complete power electronic device simulation and nonlinear control. The present invention adopts The PSCAD simulation software provides the realization methods of important steps such as the separation and orientation of positive and negative sequences, the calculation of positive and negative sequence voltage reference values, and the adjustment of PI parameters in the independent control of positive and negative sequences, and finally realizes the grid-connected converter The simulation under the positive and negative dual-sequence independent control strategy effectively suppresses the ripple of the bus voltage on the DC side and the active power on the AC side. The method of the present invention is the modeling and simulation of the new energy power generation system under the condition of asymmetric grid A theoretical basis is provided.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明；Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail;
图1为并网变流器的拓扑结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the topology of the grid-connected converter;
图2为并网变流器的正负序独立控制策略框图；Figure 2 is a block diagram of the positive and negative sequence independent control strategy of the grid-connected converter;
图3为限制直流母线过电压的附加控制电路示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an additional control circuit for limiting the overvoltage of the DC bus;
图4为交流侧三相正序电压示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase positive sequence voltage on the AC side;
图5为交流侧三相负序电压示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase negative sequence voltage on the AC side;
图6为交流侧三相正序电流示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase positive sequence current on the AC side;
图7为交流侧三相负序电流示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase negative sequence current on the AC side;
图8为交流侧正负序电压dq轴分量示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of dq axis components of the positive and negative sequence voltage on the AC side;
图9为交流侧正负序电流dq轴分量示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the dq axis components of positive and negative sequence currents on the AC side;
图10为交流侧有功功率和无功功率示意图；Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of active power and reactive power on the AC side;
图11为直流侧母线电压示意图。Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the DC side bus voltage.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1至图11所示，电网不对称故障时并网变流器的PSCAD建模及仿真方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 11, the PSCAD modeling and simulation method of the grid-connected converter when the power grid is asymmetrical fault includes the following steps:
首先将并网变流器交流侧的三相电压电流通过相位平移实现正负序电压电流的分离；First, the three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of the grid-connected converter are phase shifted to separate the positive and negative sequence voltages and currents;
将正序和负序电压电流通过Clark变换变换到αβ轴，通过三相锁相环锁住正负序电压的相位，再通过park变换将αβ轴的电压电流变换到dq旋转坐标轴；Transform the positive sequence and negative sequence voltage and current to the αβ axis through the Clark transformation, lock the phase of the positive and negative sequence voltage through the three-phase phase-locked loop, and then transform the voltage and current of the αβ axis to the dq rotating coordinate axis through the park transformation;
根据限制直流侧母线电压纹波的控制目标，结合变流器单位功率运行的要求，求得正负序电流dq轴的参考值；According to the control target of limiting the DC side bus voltage ripple, combined with the requirements of the unit power operation of the converter, the reference values of the positive and negative sequence current dq axes are obtained;
通过求得电压外环和电流内环的传递函数，给出5个PI调节器的参数整定方法；通过卸荷电路限制直流母线的过电压；最终实现并网变流器的正负序独立控制和限制直流母线电压纹波。By obtaining the transfer function of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the parameter setting methods of five PI regulators are given; the overvoltage of the DC bus is limited by the unloading circuit; finally, the positive and negative sequence independent control of the grid-connected converter is realized and limit the DC bus voltage ripple.
具体包括以下步骤：Specifically include the following steps:
步骤S1：将并网变流器交流侧的三相电压电流通过相位平移实现正负序电压电流的分离：Step S1: The three-phase voltage and current on the AC side of the grid-connected converter are phase shifted to separate positive and negative sequence voltages and currents:
式(1)中：P代表正序、N代表负序；a、b、c分别表示A、B、C三相；F代表电压或电流；α为转子，其中α＝ej2π/3，一个向量乘以转子可认为是其延时120°，一个向量乘以α2表示其延时240°，具体可通过PSCAD中的延时元件实现；In formula (1): P represents positive sequence, N represents negative sequence; a, b, c represent three phases of A, B, C respectively; F represents voltage or current; α is rotor, where α=e j2π/3 , one The vector multiplied by the rotor can be considered as its time delay of 120°, and a vector multiplied by α2 represents its time delay of 240°, which can be realized by the delay element in PSCAD;
步骤S2：通过clark变换将三相正序和负序电压电流变换到αβ轴，得到 并通过锁相环锁住正负序电压的相位，锁相环在PSCAD中用PLL元件实现；再通过park变换将αβ轴的正负序电压变换到dq旋转坐标轴：Step S2: Transform the three-phase positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages and currents to the αβ axis through the Clark transformation, and obtain And lock the phase of the positive and negative sequence voltages through the phase-locked loop, the phase-locked loop is realized by the PLL element in PSCAD; and then transform the positive and negative sequence voltages of the αβ axis to the dq rotating coordinate axis through the park transformation:
由此可实现： This enables:
式(2)中，表示α轴正序的电压或电流、表示β轴正序的电压或电流、表示α轴负序的电压或电流、表示β轴负序的电压或电流；θ为锁相环得到的正序电压的相角；为交流侧正序电压幅值，为交流侧负序电压幅值；In formula (2), Indicates the voltage or current of the positive sequence of the α axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the positive sequence of the β axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the negative sequence of the α axis, Indicates the voltage or current of the negative sequence of the β axis; θ is the phase angle of the positive sequence voltage obtained by the phase locked loop; is the amplitude of the positive sequence voltage on the AC side, is the negative sequence voltage amplitude on the AC side;
式(3)中，分别为正负序电压的d轴和q轴分量；In formula (3), are the d-axis and q-axis components of the positive and negative sequence voltages, respectively;
步骤S3：根据式(4)得到正负序电流dq轴的参考值：Step S3: Obtain the reference value of positive and negative sequence current dq axes according to formula (4):
式(4)中，分别表示正、负序电流d轴和q轴分量的参考值； In formula (4), Respectively represent the reference values of positive and negative sequence current d-axis and q-axis components;
为直流电压外环得到的有功功率参考值，具体为： is the active power reference value obtained from the DC voltage outer loop, specifically:
式(5)中，为直流母线电压参考值，udc为直流母线电压，kvp为电压环的比例系数、kvi为电压环的积分系数。In formula (5), is the DC bus voltage reference value, u dc is the DC bus voltage, k vp is the proportional coefficient of the voltage loop, and k vi is the integral coefficient of the voltage loop.
步骤S4：通过公式(6)得到电流内环中4个PI参数，通过公式(7)得到电压外环中1个PI参数：Step S4: Obtain 4 PI parameters in the current inner loop through formula (6), and obtain 1 PI parameter in the voltage outer loop through formula (7):
式(6)中，kip为电流环的比例系数、kii为电流环的积分系数；R、L为网侧滤波电感的等效电电阻和电感；KPWM为PWM变流器的等效增益；TS仿真模型的采样周期；式(7)中，C为直流母线的电容。In formula (6), k ip is the proportional coefficient of the current loop, k ii is the integral coefficient of the current loop; R and L are the equivalent resistance and inductance of the filter inductor on the grid side; K PWM is the equivalent gain; the sampling period of the T S simulation model; in formula (7), C is the capacitance of the DC bus.
本发明通过PSCAD仿真软件，给出了正序双序独立控制中正负序的分离及定向、正负序电压参考值的计算、PI参数的调节等重要步骤的实现方法，最终实现了并网变流器的在正负双序独立控制策略下的仿真，有效的抑制了直流侧母线电压和交流侧有功功率的纹波，本发明的方法为电网不对称条件下的新能源发电系统的建模与仿真提供了理论基础；具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步；上面结合附图对本发明的实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。Through the PSCAD simulation software, the present invention provides the separation and orientation of positive and negative sequences, the calculation of positive and negative sequence voltage reference values, the adjustment of PI parameters and other important steps in the independent control of positive and negative sequences, and finally realizes the grid connection The simulation of the converter under the positive and negative dual-sequence independent control strategy effectively suppresses the ripple of the bus voltage on the DC side and the active power on the AC side. Model and emulation have provided theoretical basis; Have outstanding substantive feature and remarkable progress; The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art know Within the scope of the knowledge possessed, various changes can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
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