CN105512403B - A kind of system architecture construction method - Google Patents
A kind of system architecture construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of system architecture construction methods, belong to system engineering field.N of the present invention in system architecture2On the basis of figure, build framework allocation table, characterize the distribution condition of several physical equipments any architectural schemes Nei, all physics interface relationships that each physical equipment enumerated later in the framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function, and according to twoth N of the physical interface relationship structure with physical interface relationship2Figure；Finally, the 2nd N is found out2Physical interface relationship similarity reaches multiple architectural schemes of threshold value under different architectural schemes in figure, in the framework allocation table, find out the same physical equipment with different indexs under multiple framework schemes, and the Spider Chart of the physical equipment is built, and optimal system architectural schemes are selected according to the Spider Chart.The functional requirement of system is unfolded this method in the form of hierarchical, and illustrates the ordinal relation and data flow between function, while can choose optimal architectural schemes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to system engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of system architecture construction method.
Background technology
System architecture is to realize framework to the technology of fixed demand, perform planning, and utilization is complete, complete tool,
Go down to complete task in the step of planning.
In the prior art, related tool is generally referred to using the method for system engineering and carries out architecture design, for example use UML
Or the visualization tool of SysML, go analysis, description system, such as UML to be retouched from user perspective using Use Case Map from different angles
State system function, be user it is observed that system function illustraton of model.Class figure describes the static structure of class in system.Sequentially
Figure indicates the dynamic cooperative relationship between object, emphasizes the sequence of message transmission between object, while showing the friendship between object
Mutual relation.The working condition for illustrating system and switch logic are removed in state diagram, and in addition there are object diagram, collaboration diagram, activity diagram, components
Figure, deployment diagram, SysML in addition to Use Case Map, precedence diagram, activity diagram and the state diagram as UML, further include composition definition figure,
Internal structure chart, demand figure, Parameter Map etc..UML and SysML is by different illustratons of model from multi-angular analysis system, first
It first regards system as black box, starts with from external relations, the analysis system of various dimensions finally converts system to whitepack from black box,
Carry out Top-Down Design, this design method is from system boundary, external stakeholders, state angularly analysis system, this point
Analysis is more comprehensive, it is not easy to when to omit demand, especially user demand early period also be not very clear, by analyzing layer by layer
To system architecture, defect is left-hand seat difficulty, needs professional training that could carry out, for the multiple-person cooperative work mould of complication system
Formula, more people depict multiple system models for same system, even if having customized the standard of system model design, between model still
The problems such as it is poor that there are matchings, and docking is difficult, model can not use.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of system architecture construction method, this method should be reduced to design
The dependence of personnel, as possible simply, intuitive, easy to operate, while this method will be suitable for the architecture design of complication system, and synthesis be examined
Many factors in the design of worry system, such as the technical maturity of existing finished product, cost, weight factor, in addition, this method is also answered
With certain expansion, if designing incomplete place, by Multilevel Iteration, can make up, without repetitive operation.The party
Method should also cover the different phase of system architecture design, for different physical schemes, will be obtained after alternate architecture structure trade-off analysis
To one kind to the existing highest system architecture of demand coverage.
System structure of the invention construction method includes the following steps：
Step 1: according to the expanded function flow chart of system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figures；
Step 2: having the first N of communication relations between function according to the expanded function flowchart drawing2Figure；
Step 3: structure framework allocation table, the framework allocation table includes multiple architectural schemes, is selected in any architectural schemes
Several physical equipments are purchased, and several described physical equipments are distributed to and realize the first N2Each functional requirement in figure,
To any physical equipment in several described physical equipments, multiple when judging to realize above-mentioned corresponding functional requirement can produce
The raw extraneous factor influenced, and influence degree is added in the framework allocation table；
Step 4: what each physical equipment enumerated in the framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function
All physics interface relationships, and according to twoth N of the physical interface relationship structure with physical interface relationship2Figure；
Step 5: finding out the 2nd N2Physical interface relationship similarity reaches the more of threshold value under different architectural schemes in figure
A architectural schemes find out the same physical equipment with different indexs under multiple framework schemes in the framework allocation table,
And the Spider Chart of the physical equipment is built, each lines for originating in same origin of the Spider Chart indicate multiple indexs respectively
In correspondence one, the multiple index be physical equipment realize corresponding function when, extraneous factor is to its effect；
Step 6: selecting optimal system architectural schemes according to the Spider Chart.
Preferably, in the step 5, the threshold value is 80%~90%.
It is preferably in the above scheme, in the step 5, same physical equipment includes that can realize identical function
Equipment.
It is preferably in the above scheme, in shown step 5, lines quantity and the framework point of the Spider Chart
It is identical with extraneous factor quantity in table.
It is preferably in the above scheme, in shown step 6, the optimal system architectural schemes of selecting include that will appoint
Multiple index values under one framework scheme, which are connected, surrounds closed figure, and the face of the closed figure of more multiple framework schemes
Product, area minimum is optimal system architectural schemes.
Visualization Model of this method compared to UML or SysML, figure, table are less, and intuitive, understandable, easy to learn,
The perfect methodology of architecture design of this method, it is numerous and jumbled to solve system architecture design influence factor, the diverging of architecture design scheme
The problem of.
Invention is schemed and N in external EFFBD2On the basis of figure, it is proposed that a kind of new figure --- framework distribution diagram, this
Structure distribution diagram not only takes into account the factor influential on framework such as cost, weight, the maturity of airborne equipment, but also the figure
Shape has autgmentability, and factor influential on architecture design can be included in the figure by quantitatively or qualitatively method, be set for framework
Meter provides a kind of new mentality of designing, avoids the problem that Consideration is not complete in architecture design.
The invention is by N2Figure extends use, not only by N2Figure is in the analysis of performance data stream, and by N2Figure is used in
On the data-flow analysis of physical equipment, N is extended2The use scope of figure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the EFFBD schematic diagrames of the airplane architecture structure of a preferred embodiment of system structure of the invention construction method.
Fig. 2 is the N of embodiment illustrated in fig. 12Figure.
Fig. 3 is the Spider Chart of embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the system architecture structure of another preferred embodiment of system structure of the invention construction method to receive calls
EFFBD schematic diagrames.
Fig. 5 is the Spider Chart of embodiment illustrated in fig. 4.
Specific implementation mode
To keep the purpose, technical scheme and advantage that the present invention is implemented clearer, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, identical from beginning to end or class
As label indicate same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, it is intended to use
It is of the invention in explaining, and be not considered as limiting the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.Under
Face is described in detail the embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with attached drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term "center", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and does not indicate or imply the indicated dress
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore should not be understood as protecting the present invention
The limitation of range.
The invention is schemed and N in external EFFBD2On the basis of figure, it is proposed that a kind of new figure --- framework distribution diagram, it should
Framework distribution diagram not only takes into account the factor influential on framework such as cost, weight, the maturity of airborne equipment, but also should
Figure has autgmentability, and factor influential on architecture design can be included in the figure by quantitatively or qualitatively method, is framework
Design provides a kind of new mentality of designing, avoids the problem that Consideration is not complete in architecture design.
The invention is by N2Figure extends use, not only by N2Figure is in the analysis of performance data stream, and by N2Figure is used in
On the data-flow analysis of physical equipment, N is extended2The use scope of figure.
The invention proposes a kind of based on EFFBD figures+N2The architecture design method of figure+framework distribution diagram+Spider Chart, the party
The functional requirement of system is unfolded method in the form of hierarchical, while also illustrating the ordinal relation and data between function
Stream, illustrates system function framework, and convert function structure to function N by intuitive figure2Figure, according to N2The drafting of figure
As a result, considering the factors such as the state of the art of equipment, cost, important, system architecture design is carried out, is obtained after architecture design different
Technical solution passes through physical equipment N2Figure is schemed in conjunction with EFFBD, analyzes the data flow and interface relationship of physics equipment room, can also be right
Wherein framework selects influential factor to carry out the trade-off analysis of Spider Chart, selects a kind of highest to system requirements coverage
A kind of framework.This method covers the different phase of system architecture design, again to trade-off analysis from function structure to physical structure
And final decision, one kind is obtained to the existing highest system architecture of demand coverage.This method carries out external design method
Improvement with it is perfect, filled up the blank that current national system architecture design method lacks so that system architecture is designed and more accorded with
Complication system is closed, improves designing quality, perfect mentality of designing, it is numerous and jumbled to solve system architecture design influence factor, framework
The problem of design scheme dissipates.This method also has certain autgmentability, has the more wheel iteration designed using system architecture, meets
Engineering project is practical.This method is applied widely, is applicable not only to this complication system of flight control system, it is multiple to apply also for other
The fields such as system, such as automobile, communication apparatus.
It should be noted that expanded function flow chart (EFFBD) is based on functional requirement, according to function occur when
Between sequence draw functional block diagram.The minimum unit of functional flow diagram is functional-block diagram, each functional-block diagram rectangle
Box adds word to indicate, elaborates that one must complete, determines, independent behavior, functional-block diagram is with one group continuous
Number mark, these numbers establish the identifier of function, while also reflecting retrospect of the function from bottom to top layer and closing
System.By this block diagram shows, a multifunction for pushing up figure is a series of functions of next stage.It is with the arrow between function box
Line show to occur when the two function differences, arrow be directed toward function previous function generation after, it just occurs.Work(
Energy block diagram comes function display according to sequence from left to right.Data flow round rectangle between function is equipped with word
Illustrating to indicate, wherein data flow is divided into as trigger data and non-toggle data, and after trigger data input, function could execute,
Therefore before trigger data is located at functional-block diagram, the data is indicated with round rectangle, function is indicated with double-head arrow.It is non-toggle
Data round rectangles and single arrow indicate.
The invention mainly includes steps：
Step 1: according to the expanded function flow chart of system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figures；
Step 2: having the first N of communication relations between function according to the expanded function flowchart drawing2Figure；
Step 3: structure framework allocation table, the framework allocation table includes multiple architectural schemes, is selected in any architectural schemes
Several physical equipments are purchased, and several described physical equipments are distributed to and realize the first N2Each functional requirement in figure,
To any physical equipment in several described physical equipments, multiple when judging to realize above-mentioned corresponding functional requirement can produce
The raw extraneous factor influenced, and influence degree is added in the framework allocation table；
Step 4: what each physical equipment enumerated in the framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function
All physics interface relationships, and according to twoth N of the physical interface relationship structure with physical interface relationship2Figure；
Step 5: finding out the 2nd N2Physical interface relationship similarity reaches the more of threshold value under different architectural schemes in figure
A architectural schemes find out the same physical equipment with different indexs under multiple framework schemes in the framework allocation table,
And the Spider Chart of the physical equipment is built, each lines for originating in same origin of the Spider Chart indicate multiple indexs respectively
In correspondence one, the multiple index be physical equipment realize corresponding function when, extraneous factor is to its effect；
Step 6: selecting optimal system architectural schemes according to the Spider Chart.
Embodiment 1,
By taking flight control system as an example, controlled device is rudder face, needs to realize that " perception steering instructions, calculate, A/D D/A transformation
This six functions of transformation, the movement of driving actuation mechanism and sensitive rudder face position ", analyze the data relationship between them, draw system
The EFFBD figures of system are as shown in Figure 1, wherein F1 indicates that perception steering instructions, F2 indicate that D/A transformation, F3 indicate to calculate, and F4 is indicated
A/D is converted, and F5 indicates that driving actuation mechanism movement, F6 indicate sensitive rudder face position, as seen from Figure 1, the premise that F1 is realized
For pilot control control stick, pilot control pedal, output is longitudinal drive displacement signal, transverse driving displacement signal etc.
Deng, the output input as F2 again of F1, while the input of F2 further includes output of F6 etc., all of above functional relationship exists
It is embodied, is repeated no more in Fig. 1.
Later, above-mentioned EFFBD figures are converted into N2Figure, N2Figure be for the communication relations between function are set out, will be therein
Functional requirement serial number is filled out in N2On the diagonal line of figure, data flow between Carding Function is simultaneously filled out in N2The corresponding position of figure, such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.
With reference to figure 2 and above-described embodiment, N2The diagonal line of figure is functional requirement, and upper Delta Region is number of signals, is indicated
The signal stream of a upper function flows to next function, and lower Delta Region indicates the upward work(of the signal stream of next function
Can, white space indicates no signal transmission input between function.For example F1 functions are indicated followed by one 3 in the first row in Fig. 2
F1 functions have 3 signals to be output to F2, and the number 6 of last column indicates that F6 has 6 signals to be sent to F2.This is given with Fig. 1
Expanded function flow chart (EFFBD) it is corresponding, for example when F5 flows to F6 in Fig. 1, inputted without signal, therefore, in fig. 2
Without number on the right side of F5.
In step 3, the horizontal axis of framework distribution diagram is each factor that system function inventory and trade-off analysis consider, is indulged
Axis is system physical framework, if there are many physical structures to select, needs that the corresponding equipment of each physical structure is set out to come,
Check mark is played at the function that physical equipment should be realized in the text of framework distribution diagram, it is each under trade-off analysis to indicate the relations of distribution
The comparison of factor is the comparison of the same same factor of physical equipment in alternative, will compare the conclusion obtained and fill in the table
In lattice, if there is multiple physical factors, in this table increase arrange by way of by it is all it is influential on Scheme Choice because
Element, which is set out, to be come.
N according to fig. 22The signal analysis result of the functional interface of figure carries out system architecture distribution, as shown in table 1,
Middle F1, F6 are realized that F2, F3, F4 can put together and be realized by computer, and F5 is realized by actuator by sensor, this is a kind of frame
Structure, in addition, F1, F2, F6 are realized by sensor, F3, F4 are realized by computer, and F5 is realized by actuator, this is another frame
Structure.In addition, the crucial requirement of other influence architecture designs of finished product can be enumerated on the right side of table, this table only lists TRL (skills
Art maturity, the TRL digital representations meaning in table 1 are as follows：1- Proof-Of Principles；2- schemes are formed；3- laboratories authentication function；4-
Laboratory verifies principle part；Principle part is verified in 5- true environments；System or subsystem are verified in 6- relevant environments；The true rings of 7-
Principle prototype is verified in border；8- systems complete test flight；9- systems are completed), cost, weight etc..Such as framework one in table 1
In P1 sensors relative to the P4 sensors in framework two, since P4 needs to realize the function of A/D conversions, the sensing of P4
The amount of thinking highly of can increase, and cost price also can be higher, and maturity can be lower, so the TRL of P4 is 8, cost writes height, and weight is filled out
It is written as weight.In other words, framework distribution diagram is presented in table form, table the first row fill in influence system architecture demand and
Finished product attribute, such as weight, cost, size etc. can be enumerated on right side, and table first is classified as framework number, and second is classified as finished product
Title, behind beat that check the number be that the finished product needs the function realized.By the framework distribution diagram, several alternative frameworks can be obtained
Scheme.
Table 1, system architecture distribution
According to the different framework of both the above, the data interaction between different physical equipments can be obtained, arrangement obtains physics
The N of equipment2Interface schema, i.e. the 2nd N2Figure, which enumerates in the form of a table, such as table 2.Its building process such as step 1 to step 2,
With specific reference to the first N of structure in the present embodiment2The concrete operation step of figure.
The 2nd N of table 22Figure
It should be noted that in step 5, the similarity in the upper left corner and the lower right corner in judgement table 2 is needed, i.e. itself and threshold
Relationship between value, given threshold value is 80%~90% in the present embodiment.As can be seen from Table 2, between P1, P2, P3 three
Interface relationship between interface relationship and P4, P5, P6 three is completely the same, therefore, later the step of be exactly to judge above-mentioned framework
Distinguishing physical equipment between one and framework two.
In the present embodiment, in the step 5, same physical equipment includes the equipment that can realize identical function.Such as this
The sensor of embodiment, as seen in Figure 2, two schemes are difference lies in the difference of sensor, other finished products not shadow
Product choice is rung, Spider Chart is drawn to the index of sensor plan, as shown in figure 3, wherein three axis respectively represent TRL, cost and again
Amount, it is qualitative to their index progress, the index of scheme one is connected into the solid triangle in Fig. 2, by scheme two
Index connect the broken line triangle in Fig. 2.
Optimal system architectural schemes are finally selected according to the Spider Chart, in the present embodiment, this method includes by any structure
Multiple index values under frame scheme, which are connected, surrounds closed figure, and the area of the closed figure of more multiple framework schemes,
Area minimum is optimal system architectural schemes, finds that the scheme of framework one is at low cost, light-weight, technology by the comparison of Fig. 3
Maturity is high, and the scheme of framework two is of high cost, and weight weight, technical maturity is low, from the point of view of the triangle area surrounded, framework
One is substantially better than the scheme of framework two, therefore the scheme of system selection architecture one.
Embodiment 2,
Similar to Example 1, by taking mobile phone receives calls as an example, when making a phone call, mobile phone needs signal, therefore has reception
The function of operator's signal should additionally have unlock mobile phone, input other party number, calling mobile phone storing contact, and call connects
Receive missed call, storage function.It is specific as shown in Figure 4 as example.
First N2The structure of figure repeats no more, and builds framework allocation table later, as shown in table 3.
Table 3, framework allocation table
According to framework allocation table, it is found that F4, F5, F7, F8 complete function by receiver, microphone, memory, chip for cell phone,
F3, F6 are by software realization, and framework two completes two functions than the mobile phone solving locking key of framework more than one and cell phone keyboard, and frame
The unlocking function (F1) and input handset number (F2) of structure one are by software realization, therefore the comparison of framework one is complicated, framework
Two software is relatively easy.
The 2nd N built later2Figure also repeats no more, and through comparing, it is found that its similarity is more than 90%, therefore to framework point
It is compared with two kinds of frameworks of table, finds that the scheme of framework one is at low cost, light-weight, and being exactly complexity has by the comparison of Fig. 4
Increased, and two cost of framework is big, weight weight, but it is relatively easy, framework one is substantially better than the scheme of framework two, therefore system
Select the scheme of framework one.
Embodiment 3,
Similar to the aforementioned embodiment, key step is as follows：
The indispensable functional requirement of system design is selected from system function requirement first；Later according to VS .NET Prerequisites function
Demand drawing system EFFBD figures, the interface relationship in EFFBD between function is drawn in conjunction with interface requirements.EFFBD figures are according to function
The functional block diagram that the time series of generation is drawn.Functional block diagram indicates in such a way that box adds sequence number, the data flow between function
It is indicated with round rectangle plus arrow, single arrow indicates that data flow, double-head arrow indicate trigger data, that is, only have the data to occur
, this function could execute.If any multiple functions, functional flow diagram can also by system, point be in a manner of hierarchical
The function progress level expansion of system, subsystem；
Secondly, according to EFFBD figure drawing system functions N2Figure, is set out the communication relations between function.Schemed according to EFFBD,
Functional requirement serial number therein is filled out in N2On the diagonal line of figure, data flow between Carding Function is simultaneously filled out in N2The corresponding position of figure；
Then, the horizontal axis of the framework distribution diagram of drawing system, framework distribution diagram is that system function inventory and trade-off analysis are examined
The each factor considered, the longitudinal axis is system physical framework, if there are many physical structures to select, needs to correspond to each physical structure
Equipment be set out come, check mark is played at the function that physical equipment should be realized in the text of framework distribution diagram, to indicate the relations of distribution,
The comparison of each factor under trade-off analysis is the comparison of the same same factor of physical equipment in alternative, will compare and obtain
Conclusion is filled in this table, if there is multiple physical factors, in this table increase arrange by way of by all to scheme
It selects influential factor to be set out to come；
According to the N of framework distribution diagram drawing system physical equipment2Figure, is set out the communication relations between physical equipment first.
According to framework distribution diagram, physical equipment serial number is filled out in N2On the diagonal line of figure, the data flow between physical equipment fills in N2Figure
Corresponding position；
The Spider Chart of drawing system checks level of coverage of the existing framework to demand, selects a kind of highest frame of coverage
Structure；
By in other function distributions to the physical structure of selection of system, as performance requirement, reliability requirement, maintainability are wanted
It asks.
The invention schemes (Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram) and N in external EFFBD2The base of figure
On plinth, a kind of framework distribution diagram is had also been proposed, and these figures are used in the different phase of architecture design, is also contemplated into addition
The factors such as product present situation, the maturity of airborne equipment, Visualization Model of this method compared to UML or SysML, figure, table compared with
Few and intuitive, understandable, easy to learn, the perfect methodology of architecture design of this method solves system architecture design influence factor
It is numerous and jumbled, architecture design scheme dissipate the problem of.
It is last it is to be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations.To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It is still
Can be with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, or which part technical characteristic is equally replaced
It changes；And these modifications or replacements, the essence for various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
God and range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of system architecture construction method, which is characterized in that including：
Step 1: according to the expanded function flow chart of system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figures；
Step 2: having the first N of communication relations between function according to the expanded function flowchart drawing2Figure；
Step 3: structure framework allocation table, the framework allocation table includes multiple architectural schemes, if being chosen in any architectural schemes
Dry physical equipment, and several described physical equipments are distributed to and realize the first N2Each functional requirement in figure, to institute
Any physical equipment in several physical equipments is stated, multiple when judging to realize above-mentioned corresponding functional requirement can generate shadow
Loud extraneous factor, and influence degree is added in the framework allocation table；
Step 4: each physical equipment enumerated in the framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function it is all
Physical interface relationship, and according to twoth N of the physical interface relationship structure with physical interface relationship2Figure；
Step 5: finding out the 2nd N2Physical interface relationship similarity reaches multiple framves of threshold value under different architectural schemes in figure
Structure scheme finds out the same physical equipment with different indexs under multiple framework schemes, and structure in the framework allocation table
The Spider Chart of the physical equipment is built, each lines for originating in same origin of the Spider Chart indicate right in multiple indexs respectively
One is answered, when the multiple index is that physical equipment realizes corresponding function, extraneous factor is to its effect；
Step 6: selecting optimal system architectural schemes according to the Spider Chart.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, it is characterised in that：In the step 5, the threshold value is
80%~90%.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, it is characterised in that：In the step 5, same physics is set
Standby includes the equipment that can realize identical function.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, it is characterised in that：In shown step 5, the Spider Chart
Lines quantity it is identical as extraneous factor quantity in the framework allocation table.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, it is characterised in that：It is described to select most in shown step 6
Major clique system architectural schemes include that multiple index values under any framework scheme are connected to surround closed figure, and more multiple frameworks
The area of the closed figure of scheme, area minimum is optimal system architectural schemes.
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