CN105512403A - System architecture construction method - Google Patents
System architecture construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105512403A CN105512403A CN201510915248.5A CN201510915248A CN105512403A CN 105512403 A CN105512403 A CN 105512403A CN 201510915248 A CN201510915248 A CN 201510915248A CN 105512403 A CN105512403 A CN 105512403A
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system architecture construction method and belongs to the field of system engineering. On the basis of an N2 diagram of a system architecture, an architecture allocation sheet is constructed, the allocation condition of multiple physical devices in any architecture scheme is represented, then all physical interface relations of the physical devices in the architecture allocation sheet when the physical device realizes corresponding functions are listed, and a second N2 diagram with physical interface relations is constructed according to the physical interface relations; finally, multiple architecture schemes with the physical interface relation similarity up to the threshold under different architecture schemes are found out from the second N2 diagram, the same physical device with different indexes under the multiple architecture schemes is found out from the architecture allocation sheet, a spider diagram of the physical device is constructed, and the optimal system architecture scheme is selected according to the spider diagram. With the adoption of the method, the functional requirement of the system is unfolded in a hierarchy form, ordinal relations and data streams among functions are displayed, and the optimal architecture scheme can be selected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to systems engineering field, be specifically related to a kind of system architecture construction method.
Background technology
System architecture, is that the technology of fixed demand is realized to framework, performs planning, uses complete, complete instrument, goes down to finish the work in the step of planning.
In prior art, the method of general employing systems engineering related tool of touching upon carries out architecture design, such as adopt the visualization tool of UML or SysML, analysis, descriptive system is removed from different angles, such as UML adopts Use Case Map from user perspective descriptive system function, is the illustraton of model of the systemic-function that user can observe.The static structure of class in class figure descriptive system.Precedence diagram represents the dynamic cooperative relationship between object, emphasizes the order that between object, message sends, the interactive relation simultaneously between display object.Duty and the switch logic of illustrative system are removed in constitutional diagram, in addition object diagram, collaboration diagram, activity diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram is also had, SysML, except the Use Case Map the same with UML, precedence diagram, activity diagram and constitutional diagram, also comprises composition definition figure, cut-away view, demand figure, Parameter Map etc.UML and SysML is from multi-angular analysis system by different illustratons of model, first system is regarded as black box, start with from external relations, the analytic system of various dimensions, system is converted into white box from black box the most at last, carry out Top-Down Design, this method for designing is from system boundary, external stakeholders, state is analytic system angularly, this com-parison and analysis is comprehensive, be not easy omission demand, especially time user's request in early stage is not also very clear and definite, system architecture is obtained by analyzing layer by layer, defect is left-hand seat difficulty, need professional training just can carry out, for the multiple-person cooperative work pattern of complication system, many people depict multiple system model for same system, even if customized the standard of system model design, matching difference is still there is between model, docking difficulty, the problems such as model cannot use.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of system architecture construction method, the method should reduce the dependence to designer, simply, intuitively, easily operate as far as possible, the method will be applicable to the architecture design of complication system simultaneously, consider the many factors in system, as the factor such as technology maturity, cost, weight of existing finished product, in addition, the method also should have certain expansion, if design incomplete place, passes through Multilevel Iteration, can make up, need not repetitive operation.The method also should contain the different phase of system architecture design, for different physical schemes, will obtain a kind of system architecture the highest to existing demand coverage after alternate architecture structure trade-off analysis.
Present system framework construction method comprises the following steps:
Step one, expanded function process flow diagram according to system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figure;
Step 2, there is according to described expanded function flowchart drawing a N of communication relation between function
2figure;
Step 3, build framework allocation table, described framework allocation table comprises multiple architectural schemes, chooses several physical equipments in arbitrary architectural schemes, and is distributed to by several physical equipments described and realize a described N
2each functional requirement in figure, to described arbitrary physical equipment, judges the multiple extraneous factors that can have an impact when realizing the function of above-mentioned correspondence, and influence degree is added in described framework allocation table;
All physics interface relationships that step 4, each physical equipment enumerated in described framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function, and the 2nd N with physical interface relation is built according to described physical interface relation
2figure;
Step 5, find out described 2nd N
2in figure, under different architectural schemes, physical interface relation similarity reaches multiple architectural schemes of threshold value, in described framework allocation table, there is under finding out multiple framework scheme the same physical equipment of different index, and build the Spider Chart of this physical equipment, each lines originating in same initial point of described Spider Chart represent described multiple index respectively, described index is physical equipment when realizing corresponding function, and extraneous factor is to its effect;
Step 6, select optimal system architectural schemes according to described Spider Chart.
Preferably, in described step 5, described threshold value is 80% ~ 90%.
, in described step 5, same physical equipment comprises the equipment that can realize identical function in such scheme preferably.
, in shown step 5, the lines quantity of described Spider Chart is identical with extraneous factor quantity in described framework allocation table in such scheme preferably.
In such scheme preferably, in shown step 6, described optimal system architectural schemes of selecting comprises the multiple desired values under arbitrary framework scheme to be connected and surrounds closed figure, and the area of the described closed figure of more multiple framework scheme, and what area was minimum is optimal system architectural schemes.
The method is compared to the Visualization Model of UML or SysML, and figure, form are less, and intuitively, understandable, easy to learn, the methodology of architecture design that the method is perfect, solve system architecture design influence factor numerous and jumbled, the problem that architecture design scheme is dispersed.
Invent EFFBD figure and N abroad
2on the basis of figure, propose a kind of new figure---framework distribution diagram, the degree of ripeness etc. of cost, weight, airborne equipment is not only taken into account the influential factor of framework by this framework distribution diagram, and this figure possesses extendability, all by quantitatively or qualitatively method in this figure is included to the influential factor of architecture design, for architecture design provides a kind of new mentality of designing, avoid the problem that in architecture design, Consideration is incomplete.
This invention is by N
2figure extends use, not only by N
2figure is used in the analysis of performance data stream, and by N
2figure is used on the data-flow analysis of physical equipment, extends N
2the usable range of figure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the EFFBD schematic diagram that the airplane architecture of a preferred embodiment of present system framework construction method builds.
Fig. 2 is N embodiment illustrated in fig. 1
2figure.
Fig. 3 is Spider Chart embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the EFFBD schematic diagram that the system architecture received calls of another preferred embodiment of present system framework construction method builds.
Fig. 5 is Spider Chart embodiment illustrated in fig. 4.
Embodiment
For making object of the invention process, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
In describing the invention; it will be appreciated that; term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward " etc. instruction orientation or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; instead of instruction or imply indication device or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
This invention is EFFBD figure and N abroad
2on the basis of figure, propose a kind of new figure---framework distribution diagram, the degree of ripeness etc. of cost, weight, airborne equipment is not only taken into account the influential factor of framework by this framework distribution diagram, and this figure possesses extendability, all by quantitatively or qualitatively method in this figure is included to the influential factor of architecture design, for architecture design provides a kind of new mentality of designing, avoid the problem that in architecture design, Consideration is incomplete.
This invention is by N
2figure extends use, not only by N
2figure is used in the analysis of performance data stream, and by N
2figure is used on the data-flow analysis of physical equipment, extends N
2the usable range of figure.
This invention proposes a kind of based on EFFBD figure+N
2the architecture design method of figure+framework distribution diagram+Spider Chart, the functional requirement of system launches with hierarchical form by the method, also illustrate the ordinal relation between function and data stream simultaneously, illustrate systemic-function framework by figure intuitively, and function structure is converted into function N
2figure, according to N
2the drawing result of figure, considers the state of the art of equipment, cost, the factor such as important, carries out system architecture design, obtain different technical schemes after architecture design, by physical equipment N
2figure, in conjunction with EFFBD figure, analyzes the data stream between physical equipment and interface relationship, also influential factor can be selected to carry out the trade-off analysis of Spider Chart to wherein framework, select a kind of a kind of framework the highest to system requirements coverage.The method covers the different phase of system architecture design, again to trade-off analysis and final decision from function structure to physical structure, obtains a kind of system architecture the highest to existing demand coverage.External method for designing has carried out improveing with perfect by the method, fill up the blank that current national system architecture design method lacks, system architecture design is made more to meet complication system, improve designing quality, perfect mentality of designing, solve system architecture design influence factor numerous and jumbled, the problem that architecture design scheme is dispersed.The method also has certain extendability, has the many wheels iteration utilizing system architecture to design, meets engineering project reality.The method is applied widely, is not only applicable to this complication system of flight control system, is also applicable to other multiple systems, such as the field such as automobile, communication apparatus.
It should be noted that, expanded function process flow diagram (EFFBD) is based on functional requirement, the functional block diagram that the time series occurred according to function is drawn.The minimum unit of functional flow diagram is functional-block diagram, each functional-block diagram adds word to represent by rectangular box, set forth one must to complete, determine, independently behavior, functional-block diagram one group of continuous print numeral marks, and these numerals establish the identifier of function, also reflects function simultaneously and review relation from bottom to top layer.By this block diagram shows, a multifunction of top figure is a series of functions of next stage.Line with arrow between function square frame occurs when showing that these two functions are different, and the function of arrow points is after previous function occurs, and it just occurs.Function display comes according to order from left to right by functional-block diagram.Data stream round rectangle between function, be equipped with explanatory note to represent, wherein, data stream is divided into again trigger data and non-toggle data, after trigger data input, function could perform, therefore, before trigger data is positioned at functional-block diagram, represents this data with round rectangle, be indicated to function with double-head arrow.The data of non-toggle represent with round rectangle and single arrow.
The present invention mainly comprises the following steps:
Step one, expanded function process flow diagram according to system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figure;
Step 2, there is according to described expanded function flowchart drawing a N of communication relation between function
2figure;
Step 3, build framework allocation table, described framework allocation table comprises multiple architectural schemes, chooses several physical equipments in arbitrary architectural schemes, and is distributed to by several physical equipments described and realize a described N
2each functional requirement in figure, to described arbitrary physical equipment, judges the multiple extraneous factors that can have an impact when realizing the function of above-mentioned correspondence, and influence degree is added in described framework allocation table;
All physics interface relationships that step 4, each physical equipment enumerated in described framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function, and the 2nd N with physical interface relation is built according to described physical interface relation
2figure;
Step 5, find out described 2nd N
2in figure, under different architectural schemes, physical interface relation similarity reaches multiple architectural schemes of threshold value, in described framework allocation table, there is under finding out multiple framework scheme the same physical equipment of different index, and build the Spider Chart of this physical equipment, each lines originating in same initial point of described Spider Chart represent described multiple index respectively, described index is physical equipment when realizing corresponding function, and extraneous factor is to its effect;
Step 6, select optimal system architectural schemes according to described Spider Chart.
Embodiment 1,
For flight control system, controlled device is rudder face, need to realize " perception steering instructions, D/A converts, calculate, A/D converts, drive actuation mechanism motion and responsive rudder face position " this six functions, analyze the data relationship between them, the EFFBD figure of drawing system as shown in Figure 1, wherein, F1 represents perception steering instructions, F2 represents that D/A converts, F3 represents calculating, F4 represents that A/D converts, F5 represents the motion of driving actuation mechanism, F6 represents responsive rudder face position, as seen from Figure 1, the prerequisite that F1 realizes is pilot control jociey stick, pilot control pedal, it exports as longitudinal drive displacement signal, transverse driving displacement signal etc., the output of F1 is again as the input of F2, input also output comprising F6 etc. of F2 simultaneously, above all functions relation all embodies in FIG to some extent, repeat no more.
Afterwards, above-mentioned EFFBD figure is converted to N
2figure, N
2figure is used to the communication relation enumerated out between function, fills out functional requirement sequence number wherein at N
2on the diagonal line of figure, the data stream between Carding Function is also filled out at N
2the correspondence position of figure, as shown in Figure 2.
With reference to figure 2 and above-described embodiment, N
2the diagonal line of figure is functional requirement, and upper Delta Region is number of signals, represents that the signal stream of a function flows to next function, and lower Delta Region represents that the signal of next function flows to a function, no signal transmission input between white space presentation function.Followed one 3 after F1 function in the first row in such as Fig. 2, represent that F1 function has 3 signals to output to F2, the numeral 6 of last column represents that F6 has 6 signals to send to F2.This is that the expanded function process flow diagram (EFFBD) given with Fig. 1 is corresponding, when F5 flows to F6 in such as Fig. 1, does not have signal to input, therefore, does not have numeral in fig. 2 on the right side of F5.
In step 3, the transverse axis of framework distribution diagram is each factor that systemic-function inventory and trade-off analysis are considered, the longitudinal axis is system physical framework, if there is multiple physical structure to select, equipment corresponding for often kind of physical structure is needed to enumerate out, check mark is played at the function place that in the text of framework distribution diagram, physical equipment should realize, represent the relations of distribution, the comparison of each factor under trade-off analysis, for the comparison of the same factor of Same Physical equipment in alternatives, fill in this form by comparing the conclusion drawn, if there is multiple physical factor, mode by increasing row in this form is enumerated out to the influential factor of Scheme Choice by all.
According to the N in Fig. 2
2the signal analysis result of the functional interface of figure, carry out system architecture distribution, as shown in table 1, wherein F1, F6 are realized by sensor, F2, F3, F4 can put together and to be realized by computing machine, F5 is realized by actuator, and this is a kind of framework, in addition, F1, F2, F6 are realized by sensor, F3, F4 are realized by computing machine, and F5 is realized by actuator, and this is another framework.In addition, other crucial requirement affecting architecture design of finished product can be enumerated on the right side of form, Ben Biaoge only list TRL (technology maturity, in table 1 TRL numeral the meaning as follows: 1-Proof-Of Principle; 2-schematic design making; 3-testing laboratory authentication function; 4-testing laboratory checking principle part; Principle part is verified in 5-true environment; Verification system or subsystem in 6-relevant environment; Principle prototype is verified in 7-true environment; 8-system completes test flight; 9-system completes), cost, weight etc.P1 sensor such as, in table 1 in framework one is relative to the P4 sensor in framework two, and because P4 needs the function realizing A/D conversion, therefore the sensor weight of P4 can increase, cost price also can be higher, and degree of ripeness can be lower, so the TRL of P4 is 8, cost writes height, and weight is filled in and attached most importance to.In other words, framework distribution diagram presents in table form, form the first row fills in demand and the finished product attribute of influential system framework, such as weight, cost, size etc. all can be enumerated on right side, form first be classified as framework numbering, second is classified as finished product title, after beat check the number for this finished product needs realization function.By this framework distribution diagram, several alternative architectural schemes can be obtained.
Table 1, system architecture are distributed
According to above two kinds of different frameworks, the data interaction between different physical equipment can be obtained, arrange the N obtaining physical equipment
2interface schema, i.e. the 2nd N
2figure, this figure enumerates in the form of a table, as table 2.Its building process is if step one is to step 2, concrete with reference to structure the one N in the present embodiment
2the concrete operation step of figure.
Table 2 the 2nd N
2figure
| P1 | 9 | ||||
| P2 | 6 | ||||
| P3 | |||||
| P4 | 9 | ||||
| P5 | 6 | ||||
| P6 |
It should be noted that, in step 5, need the similarity in the upper left corner and the lower right corner in judgement table 2, the relation namely between itself and threshold value, in the present embodiment, given threshold value is 80% ~ 90%.As can be seen from Table 2, the interface relationship between P1, P2, P3 three and the interface relationship between P4, P5, P6 three completely the same, therefore, step is afterwards exactly judge the distinguishing physical equipment between above-mentioned framework one and framework two.
In the present embodiment, in described step 5, same physical equipment comprises the equipment that can realize identical function.As the sensor of the present embodiment, as seen in Figure 2, the difference of two schemes is the difference of sensor, other finished product does not affect product choice, draws Spider Chart, as shown in Figure 3 to the index of sensor plan, wherein three axles represent TRL, cost and weight respectively, carry out qualitative to their index, the index of scheme one is coupled together the solid triangle be in Fig. 2, the index of scheme two is coupled together the broken line triangle be in Fig. 2.
Finally select optimal system architectural schemes according to described Spider Chart, in the present embodiment, the method comprise by the multiple desired values under arbitrary framework scheme be connected surround closed figure, and the area of the described closed figure of more multiple framework scheme, what area was minimum is optimal system architectural schemes, found by the contrast of Fig. 3, the scheme cost of framework one is low, lightweight, technology maturity is high, the scheme cost of framework two is high, Heavy Weight, technology maturity is low, according to the triangle area surrounded, framework one is obviously better than the scheme of framework two, therefore the scheme of system selection architecture one.
Embodiment 2,
Similar to embodiment 1, receive calls for mobile phone, when making a phone call, mobile phone needs signal, therefore possess the function receiving operator's signal, unblock mobile phone should be had in addition, input other party number, calling mobile phone storing contact, call, receives the function of missed call, storage.As example, specifically as shown in Figure 4.
One N
2the structure of figure repeats no more, and builds framework allocation table afterwards, as shown in table 3.
Table 3, framework allocation table
According to framework allocation table, find F4, F5, F7, F8 complete function by receiver, microphone, storer, chip for cell phone, F3, F6 is by software simulating, and the locking key of a mobile phone solution and cell phone keyboard complete two functions to framework two than framework more than, and the unlocking function of framework one (F1) and input handset number (F2) are by software simulating, therefore the comparison of framework one is complicated, and the software of framework two is relatively simple.
The 2nd N built afterwards
2figure also repeats no more, and through comparing, finds that its similarity is greater than 90%, therefore framework allocation table two kinds of frameworks are contrasted, found by the contrast of Fig. 4, the scheme cost of framework one is low, lightweight, be exactly that complexity increases to some extent, and framework two cost is large, Heavy Weight, but relatively simple, framework one is obviously better than the scheme of framework two, therefore the scheme of system selection architecture one.
Embodiment 3,
Similar to the aforementioned embodiment, key step is as follows:
First from system function requirement, select the functional requirement of system indispensability; Scheme according to VS .NET Prerequisites functional requirement drawing system EFFBD afterwards, draw the interface relationship in EFFBD between function in conjunction with interface requirements.EFFBD figure is the functional block diagram that the time series occurred according to function is drawn.The mode that functional block diagram adds sequence number with square frame represents, the data stream between function adds arrow to represent with round rectangle, single arrows show data flow, and double-head arrow represents trigger data, and namely only have these data there occurs, this function could perform.If any multiple function, the function of system, subsystem, subsystem in hierarchical mode, can also be carried out level expansion by functional flow diagram;
Secondly, according to EFFBD figure drawing system function N
2figure, enumerates out the communication relation between function.According to EFFBD figure, functional requirement sequence number is wherein filled out at N
2on the diagonal line of figure, the data stream between Carding Function is also filled out at N
2the correspondence position of figure;
Then, the framework distribution diagram of drawing system, the transverse axis of framework distribution diagram is each factor that systemic-function inventory and trade-off analysis are considered, the longitudinal axis is system physical framework, if there is multiple physical structure to select, equipment corresponding for often kind of physical structure is needed to enumerate out, check mark is played at the function place that in the text of framework distribution diagram, physical equipment should realize, represent the relations of distribution, the comparison of each factor under trade-off analysis, for the comparison of the same factor of Same Physical equipment in alternatives, fill in this form by comparing the conclusion drawn, if there is multiple physical factor, mode by increasing row in this form is enumerated out to the influential factor of Scheme Choice by all,
According to the N of framework distribution diagram drawing system physical equipment
2figure, first enumerates out the communication relation of physics equipment room.According to framework distribution diagram, physical equipment sequence number is filled out at N
2on the diagonal line of figure, the data stream between physical equipment fills in N
2the correspondence position of figure;
The Spider Chart of drawing system, checks the level of coverage of existing framework to demand, selects a kind of framework that coverage is the highest;
Other function of system is assigned in the physical structure of selection, as performance requirement, reliability requirement, maintainability requirement etc.
(EnhancedFunctionalFlowBlockDiagram) and N are schemed in this invention abroad EFFBD
2on the basis of figure, also been proposed a kind of framework distribution diagram, and these figures are used in the different phase of architecture design, consider the factor such as degree of ripeness of finished product present situation, airborne equipment in addition, the method is compared to the Visualization Model of UML or SysML, figure, form are less, and directly perceived, understandable, easy to learn, the methodology of architecture design that the method is perfect, solve system architecture design influence factor numerous and jumbled, the problem that architecture design scheme is dispersed.
Finally it is to be noted: above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit.Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (5)
1. a system architecture construction method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step one, expanded function process flow diagram according to system function requirement drawing system, i.e. EFFBD figure;
Step 2, there is according to described expanded function flowchart drawing a N of communication relation between function
2figure;
Step 3, build framework allocation table, described framework allocation table comprises multiple architectural schemes, chooses several physical equipments in arbitrary architectural schemes, and is distributed to by several physical equipments described and realize a described N
2each functional requirement in figure, to described arbitrary physical equipment, judges the multiple extraneous factors that can have an impact when realizing the function of above-mentioned correspondence, and influence degree is added in described framework allocation table;
All physics interface relationships that step 4, each physical equipment enumerated in described framework allocation table should have when it realizes corresponding function, and the 2nd N with physical interface relation is built according to described physical interface relation
2figure;
Step 5, find out described 2nd N
2in figure, under different architectural schemes, physical interface relation similarity reaches multiple architectural schemes of threshold value, in described framework allocation table, there is under finding out multiple framework scheme the same physical equipment of different index, and build the Spider Chart of this physical equipment, each lines originating in same initial point of described Spider Chart represent described multiple index respectively, described index is physical equipment when realizing corresponding function, and extraneous factor is to its effect;
Step 6, select optimal system architectural schemes according to described Spider Chart.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, is characterized in that: in described step 5, and described threshold value is 80% ~ 90%.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, is characterized in that: in described step 5, and same physical equipment comprises the equipment that can realize identical function.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, is characterized in that: in shown step 5, and the lines quantity of described Spider Chart is identical with extraneous factor quantity in described framework allocation table.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1 framework construction method, it is characterized in that: in shown step 6, described select optimal system architectural schemes comprise by the multiple desired values under arbitrary framework scheme be connected surround closed figure, and the area of the described closed figure of more multiple framework scheme, what area was minimum is optimal system architectural schemes.
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