CN105510260B - Differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Detection method - Google Patents

Differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Detection method Download PDF

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CN105510260B
CN105510260B CN201610031555.1A CN201610031555A CN105510260B CN 105510260 B CN105510260 B CN 105510260B CN 201610031555 A CN201610031555 A CN 201610031555A CN 105510260 B CN105510260 B CN 105510260B
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coefficient
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CN105510260A (en
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马昕
刘刚
龚威
朱忠敏
韩舸
相成志
梁艾琳
郑玉新
张腾
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N2201/121—Correction signals
    • G01N2201/1215—Correction signals for interfering gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
    • G01N2201/127—Calibration; base line adjustment; drift compensation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Detection method, first, in CO2Aerosol disturbing influence is considered in retrieving concentration model；Secondly, 1064 are carried outnmWith 1572nmIt is observed while the Mie scattering lidar of wavelength, obtains 1064nmWith 1572nmThe linear empirical relationship of the extinction coefficient of aerosol and backscattering coefficient under wavelength；Finally, the differential absorption lidar CO of conventional dual wavelength alternate emission is carried out2During detection, using 1064nmThe Mie scattering lidar continuous probe of wavelength is obtained based on the linear empirical relationship of extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficientonWavelength andoffExtinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient under wavelength, with reference to CO2Retrieving concentration model obtains CO2Retrieving concentration result.Inversion result of the present invention is more accurate, has good application prospect in Differential Absorption Lidar for Detecting Atmospheric trace gas field.

Description

Differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Detection method
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric laser radar technical field more particularly to a kind of difference suctions based on aerosol disturbance correction Receive laser radar CO2Detection method.
Background technology
CO2As the main component of greenhouse gases, there is important influence to global climate by being widely believed that.And current CO2's Concentration is monitored, the result obtained with various pattern invertings has larger difference, this shows that there are some unknown carbon remittance mechanism.Cause This high-precision acquisition Atmospheric CO2Concentration changes, and then carries out regionality CO2Source, the research converged, it is growing so as to cope with Carbon emission stress problems, are of great significance.Differential absorption lidar is in atmospheric sounding CO2It is exclusive with its in terms of concentration Advantage is the desired detection equipment for observing its vertical profile distribution.Ground differential absorption lidar can be more obtained in troposphere High-precision CO2Concentration distribution situation, and in troposphere it is the main region that mankind's activity and carbon source, carbon remittance occur, detection As a result application value is had more.
Differential absorption lidar mainly emits the slightly differentiated laser beam of two beam wavelength, and beam of laser is by CO2Molecule Strong absorption, referred to as on wavelength lasers；Another beam of laser is by CO2Molecule weak absorbing, referred to as off wavelength lasers, by measuring with height Spend the Atmospheric CO of variation2The variation of absorption carrys out inverting CO2Concentration distribution.
Classical laser radar equation is：
Wherein, P (r, λ) be wavelength be λ laser beam height r echo signal intensity；P0It is transmitting laser intensity； A It is telescope size；η is laser radar overlap factor；C is the light velocity；β (r, λ) is that aerosol and the backward of atmospheric molecule dissipate Penetrate coefficient；α (r, λ) is the extinction coefficient of aerosol and atmospheric molecule；Ng(r) it is that detected number of the gas at height r is close Degree；σ (λ) is detected absorption cross section of the gas at height r, is the sensitivity function of wavelength.
Differential absorption lidar is substantially Mie scattering mechanism, its main feature is that the size and incident laser of scattering particles Close or than laser wavelength of incidence bigger, the scattering optical wavelength of Mie scattering is identical with incident light, is a kind of elastic scattering.It will λ in laser radar equation (1) is exchanged with λonAnd λoff, the laser radar equation of on wavelength and off wavelength is obtained, by swashing for the two Optical radar equation is divided by, and obtains following form：
Wherein, λonAnd λoffOn wavelength and off wavelength are represented respectively；σg(λon) and σg(λoff) correspond to respectively on wavelength and The absorption cross section of off wavelength, value can be directly acquired from HITRAN databases.
It is generally believed that since on wavelength and off wavelength are very close, then It is Δ r=r so as to obtain thickness at height r2-r1Atmosphere in differential absorption lidar detect CO2Concentration equation：
In formula (3), Ng(r) CO at height r is represented2Concentration；r1For lower height, r2For high height.By Formula (3) is as it can be seen that the difference of the ratio between the density of detected component and echo signal intensity of on wavelength and off wavelength and absorption cross section It is related.
For at present, the acquisition in real time of real-time dual-wavelength lidar can be achieved on, common 532nm and 1064nm Mie scattering lidar receives backscatter signal by telescope, by that can distinguish after the half-reflecting half mirror light splitting of plated film Acquisition.But for CO2For differential absorption lidar, since two wavelength are very close, this real-time acquisition generally can not be real It is existing.CO international at present, studies in China mechanism is general2The operation wavelength of differential absorption lidar is concentrated mainly on 1.572 μm Near, and the problem of due to detector, 2.0 μm of system lies on the table mostly.By taking common wavelength combination as an example, on wavelength is 1572.018nm, off wavelength are 1572.150nm, there was only the wavelength difference of 0.132nm, can not pass through the half-reflection and half-transmission of plated film Mirror or optical filter realize that the echo-signal of dual wavelength detaches.
This means that CO under normal conditions2The signal acquisition of differential absorption lidar is that dual wavelength is alternate, it is necessary to logical Time difference or space parallax are crossed to distinguish echo-signal.Under normal circumstances, the alternating by wavelength and off wavelength in time Switch to realize differential absorbing detection.Aerosol will necessarily generate variation in wavelength handoff procedure in this way, so as in formula (2)And α (r, λon)-α(r,λoff) ≠ 0, then formula (3) can not set up.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction for the first time2Detection Method, to correct aerosol disturbance to CO2The influence that retrieving concentration is brought.
The main thought of the present invention is as follows：
Dual wavelength alternate emission in differential absorption lidar considers the influence of aerosol disturbance, by the delustring of aerosol Coefficient and backscattering coefficient introduce differential absorption lidar CO2Retrieving concentration model；1064nm is calculated to dissipate with 1572nm meters Penetrate the linear dependence of aerosol inversion result under laser radar；Utilize aerosol detection knot under 1064nm Mie scattering lidars Fruit is to differential absorption lidar inverting CO2Concentration is corrected.
In order to achieve the above objectives, a kind of differential absorption lidar based on aerosol disturbance correction provided by the invention CO2Detection method, including：
Step 1, consider aerosol disturbance to differential absorption lidar inverting CO2The influence of concentration proposes molten based on gas The CO of glue disturbance correction2Retrieving concentration model：
Wherein：
Δ r represents air layer thickness, Δ r=r2-r1, r1For lower height, r2For high height,
For CO2Concentration at height r；
WithCO under on wavelength and off wavelength at respectively height r2The absorption cross-section of gas Product；
α(r,λon) and α (r, λoff) it is respectively that aerosol when on wavelength and off wavelength laser radars is used to disappear at height r Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio；
β(r1,λon) and β (r1,λoff) it is respectively height r1Place is using aerosol when on wavelength and off wavelength laser radars Backscattering coefficient；
β(r2,λon) and β (r2,λoff) it is respectively height r2Place is using aerosol when on wavelength and off wavelength laser radars Backscattering coefficient.
CO of the present invention2Retrieving concentration model on the one hand consider by aerosol disturbed belt come aerosol extinction coefficient with The variation of backscattering coefficient theoretically corrects for aerosol disturbance to CO2The influence of retrieving concentration.On the other hand road is used Diameter integrated form, it is contemplated that CO2The variation of aerosol absorption cross section in retrieving concentration path.
Step 2, the Mie scattering lidar detection of 1064nm wavelength is carried out, obtains Mie scattering lidar in each height Echo signal intensity；By CO2Detection differential absorption lidar launch wavelength is fixed as off wavelength and is detected, and obtains 1572nm wavelength Mie scattering lidar is in the echo signal intensity of each height；According to echo signal intensity, Fernald is utilized The laser radar method of inversion distinguishes the extinction coefficient of inverting aerosol, linear to be fitted to obtain delustring under 1064nm and 1572nm wavelength The linear empirical relationship of coefficient.
1064nm Mie scattering lidars are more general, common laser radar systems.By CO2Detection Difference Absorption swashs The launch wavelength of optical radar is fixed as off wavelength, makes Atmospheric CO2Influence to result of detection is minimum.
Step 3, since the relationship of the extinction coefficient of aerosol and backscattering coefficient can be determined by Lidar Ratios, because This, each height aerosol under 1064nm and 1572nm wavelength can be obtained with reference to Lidar Ratios and the extinction coefficient of step 2 inverting Backscattering coefficient, it is linear to be fitted to obtain the linear empirical relationship of backscattering coefficient under 1064nm and 1572nm wavelength.
Step 4, the differential absorption lidar CO of routine on and off dual wavelength alternate emissions is carried out2During detection, use The Mie scattering lidar continuous probe of 1064nm wavelength, using under Fernald laser radar method of inversion inverting 1064nm wavelength The extinction coefficient of aerosol, and obtain corresponding backscattering coefficient；With reference to extinction coefficient and the linear warp of backscattering coefficient Customs examination system obtain 1572nm wavelength under aerosol extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient, and by divide into constantly on wavelength or The extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient of aerosol under off wavelength.
On wavelength and off wavelength are using common wavelength combination, and on wavelength is 1572.018nm, and off wavelength is 1572.150nm, wavelength difference is usually in 0.2nm, therefore it is considered herein that sustained height gas under on wavelength and off wavelength The extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient of colloidal sol are equal, thus in the present invention on wavelength and the corresponding extinction coefficient of off wavelength and Backscattering coefficient shares extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient under 1572nm wavelength.Due to differential absorption lidar CO2 Detection is that alternately switching is realized, therefore can pass through the delustring system under 1572nm wavelength in time by wavelength and off wavelength Number corresponds to the moment with backscattering coefficient and is distinguished as on wavelength or off wavelength.
Step 5, the extinction coefficient of aerosol and backscattering coefficient band under the on wavelength and off wavelength that step 4 are obtained Enter CO2Retrieving concentration model can obtain CO2Retrieving concentration result.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) in CO2The extinction coefficient for the aerosol that aerosol disturbed belt comes is considered in retrieving concentration model and is dissipated backward Penetrate the variation of coefficient.
(2) in CO2CO is considered in retrieving concentration model2The variation of aerosol absorption cross section in inverting path.
(3) it is easy to implement using ripe laser radar system.
(4) aerosol properties that 1064nm laser radar of the present invention based on being similarly Mie scattering measures are ginseng It examines, to CO2Retrieving concentration model carries out aerosol disturbance correction so that CO2Retrieving concentration result is more accurate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the idiographic flow schematic diagram of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
The present invention specifies the CO shown in using formula (1) first2Retrieving concentration model corrects CO2Detection Difference Absorption swashs Optical radar inversion method, to correct aerosol variation to CO2The influence of retrieving concentration.The features of the present invention has：(1) it considers The variation of aerosol during on wavelength and off wavelength alternate emissions, in CO2In retrieving concentration model, disappearing for aerosol is introduced Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio and backscattering coefficient；(2) integration of Aerosol Extinction and absorption cross section in inverting path is considered to imitate Should, introduce integral equation.
Secondly, it is observed simultaneously, together using the Mie scattering lidar of 1064nm and 1572nm wavelength, it is ensured that dual wavelength Laser radar covers same panel region, to ensure that the double laser radar signal of observation simultaneously is with uniformity, observation time 5~10 Minute.The launch wavelength of the Mie scattering lidar of 1572nm wavelength is fixed on off wavelength, it is ensured that Atmospheric CO2To swashing The influence of optical radar signal is minimum, obtains the laser radar signal that can most reflect current atmospheric situation.
Since the laser radar of dual wavelength belongs to two systems, must there are respective emission system, reception system and acquisition System, echo-signal are different in signal strength, geometric overlap factor (overlap) height of sustained height, it is therefore necessary to Determine the correlation of dual-wavelength lidar signal, specific method is as follows：
(1) overlap height of the dual-wavelength lidar signal in different height is determined, with the maximum of overlap height Value, as the starting point for calculating related coefficient, using the height of 3km as the terminal for calculating related coefficient.
(2) the laser radar signal intensity of dual wavelength is normalized.
(2) correlation coefficient r is calculated：
Wherein, P1,iIt is the 1064nm wavelength laser radar signal strengths after normalization,For P1,iMean value；P2,iTo return 1572nm wavelength laser radar signal strengths after one change,For P2,iMean value；N is number of data points.
If r >=0.96, then it is assumed that the two is highly relevant, can be used for carrying out under calculating dual wavelength between Aerosol Extinction Relationship.Conversely, it is then unsatisfactory for correcting experiment demand under current atmospheric situation.
By taking Wuhan Area as an example, the extinction coefficient of aerosol and the aerosol particle concentration height phase more than its wavelength dimension It closes, according to the aerosol particle concentration observed result of Wuhan Area, larger fluctuation will not occur in a short time, therefore, reason By above thinking, in the observation of a laser radar the whole night, 1064nm wavelength and the corresponding extinction coefficient of 1572nm wavelength have height Spend correlation.
Fernald laser radar methods are by the Fernald inverting Aerosol Extinctions proposed and backscattering coefficient Algorithm does not need to be accurately obtained laser radar scaling constant.Using the Fernald laser radars method of inversion to 1064nm and The laser radar distribution of results of 1572nm wavelength carries out inverting, obtains the Aerosol Extinction of corresponding wavelength, and calculate acquisition The linear empirical relationship of the two.
Since the ratio of extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient is Lidar Ratios, and in shorter height, it is believed that laser Radar ratio is definite value, rule of thumb formula, and the Lidar Ratios of Wuhan Area 532nm wavelength are the laser of 50,1572nm wavelength Radar ratio is 63.
Finally, the differential absorption lidar CO of conventional dual wavelength alternate emission is carried out2During detection, 1064nm wavelength is carried out Mie scattering lidar continuous probe, utilize the corresponding aerosol of Fernald laser radar method of inversion inverting 1064nm wavelength Extinction coefficient.According to the echo-signal that Mie theory, Mie scattering lidar receive, reflection is identical with launch wavelength Or the situation of the atmospheric aerosol more than launch wavelength.There is a situation where larger air changes or air quality variation Under, according to the delustring system of the corresponding aerosol of the linear empirical relationship of extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient acquisition 1572nm wavelength Number and backscattering coefficient.Since the difference of on wavelength and off wavelength is usually less than 0.2nm, on wavelength and off wavelength Corresponding extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient share the corresponding extinction coefficient of 1572nm wavelength and backscattering coefficient.1572nm The corresponding extinction coefficient of wavelength and backscattering coefficient substitute into CO2Retrieving concentration model, you can obtain more accurate difference and inhale Receive laser radar CO2Retrieving concentration result.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of differential absorption lidar CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Detection method, it is characterized in that, including：
Step 1, consider the influence of aerosol disturbance, propose the CO based on aerosol disturbance correction2Retrieving concentration model：
,
Wherein,For CO2Concentration at height r；Δ r represents air layer thickness, Δ r=r2-r1, r1For lower height, r2For high height, WithCO under on wavelength and off wavelength at respectively height r2Gas The absorption cross section of body；α(r,λon) and α (r, λoff) it is respectively gas when on wavelength and off wavelength laser radars are used at height r The extinction coefficient of colloidal sol；β(r1,λon) and β (r1,λoff) it is respectively height r1When place is using on wavelength and off wavelength laser radars The backscattering coefficient of aerosol；β(r2,λon) and β (r2,λoff) it is respectively height r2Place is using on wavelength and off wavelength lasers The backscattering coefficient of aerosol during radar；P(r1,λon) and P (r1,λoff) represent on wavelength and off wavelength in height r respectively1 Echo signal intensity；P(r2,λoff) and P (r2,λon) represent on wavelength and off wavelength in height r respectively2Echo-signal it is strong Degree；
Step 2, the Mie scattering lidar detection of 1064nm wavelength is carried out, obtains echo of the Mie scattering lidar in each height Signal strength；Meanwhile by CO2Detection differential absorption lidar launch wavelength is fixed as off wavelength and is detected, and obtains 1572nm wavelength Mie scattering lidar is in the echo signal intensity of each height；Utilize Fernald laser radar method of inversion invertings The extinction coefficient of aerosol, it is linear to be fitted to obtain the linear empirical relationship of extinction coefficient under two wavelength；
Step 3, with reference to Lidar Ratios and the extinction coefficient of step 2 inverting, the backscattering coefficient of aerosol is obtained, it is linear It is fitted to obtain the linear empirical relationship of backscattering coefficient under two wavelength；
Step 4, the differential absorption lidar CO of on and off dual wavelength alternate emissions is carried out2During detection, using 1064nm wavelength Mie scattering lidar continuous probe, disappeared using aerosol under Fernald laser radar method of inversion inverting 1064nm wavelength Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio, while obtain corresponding backscattering coefficient；With reference to the linear empirical relationship of extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient, obtain The extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient of aerosol under 1572nm wavelength, by the moment by the extinction coefficient under 1572nm wavelength and Backscattering coefficient divides on wavelength or extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient under off wavelength；
Step 5, the extinction coefficient under on wavelength and off wavelength and backscattering coefficient are brought into CO2Retrieving concentration model obtains CO2Retrieving concentration result.
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