CN105508049B - A kind of master controller and control method for diesel engine monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of master controller and control method for diesel engine monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105508049B CN105508049B CN201610075811.7A CN201610075811A CN105508049B CN 105508049 B CN105508049 B CN 105508049B CN 201610075811 A CN201610075811 A CN 201610075811A CN 105508049 B CN105508049 B CN 105508049B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to diesel engine monitoring technical fields, a kind of master controller and control method for diesel engine monitoring system disclosed, and the input terminal of the 2 tunnel tachometric survey circuits, 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits, 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits, 12 tunnel, 4 20mA measuring circuits, 2 road tension measuring circuits, 22 way switch amount input measurement circuits of the master controller input processing circuit that this method uses respectively with processor MCU is connected；2 tunnel, 4 20mA output circuits, the 20 way switch amount output driving circuits of the output processing circuit are connected respectively with processor MCU output terminals；The present invention realizes the monitoring of diesel engine various parameters and early warning, automatic control function, has achieved the purpose that substitute PLC devices in former monitoring system, has better met High speed and heavy duty diesel engine monitoring demand, and has integrated the advantages such as at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to diesel engine monitoring technical fields, relate generally to for diesel engine speed, temperature, pressure, accumulator
A kind of master controller and control method for diesel engine monitoring system of monitoring, the early warning of the physical parameters such as voltage, while
It can realize the automatic control functions such as diesel engine plays parking, data communication automatically, cooling water preheats, lubricating oil supplies in advance.
Background technology
The fast development of domestic economy, the fields such as petroleum equipment, marine engineering equipment, road engineering machinery are to the big work(of high speed
The demand of rate diesel engine is more and more, higher and higher to the intelligence degree requirement of diesel engine monitoring system.Computer, micro- electricity
The technologies such as son, network communication constantly upgrade the fast development for having driven industrial automatic control technology, are diesel engine monitoring system
Intelligent promoted play important function.Early stage diesel engine monitoring system mostly founds electric elements phase using capillary instrument bonus point
With reference to form, there is the features such as governor circuit principle is simple, control logic is simple, few.Current diesel engine monitoring system
More using digital control mode, for instrument mostly using digital-scroll technique or LCD graphical displays, main control part uses PLC devices more
Or the controller using microcontroller as core is formed.It is excellent that although PLC has that hardware is versatile, stability is good, the construction cycle is short etc.
Point, but there are integrated application cost is higher, fractional hardware resources idle, is bonded defective tightness etc. with Diesel Engine Control demand and lacks
Point.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of master controllers for diesel engine monitoring system
And control method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that complete its invention task：
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, including：Input processing circuit, output processing circuit, communication
Circuit, processor MCU, power circuit, babinet are provided with printed circuit board (PCB) in babinet, are provided on printed circuit board (PCB) and power supply
Input processing circuit that circuit is connected, output processing circuit, communicating circuit, processor MCU, real time clock circuit；
The input processing circuit includes：2 tunnel tachometric survey circuits, 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits, 4 tunnel thermocouple measurements
Circuit, 12 road 4-20mA measuring circuits, 2 road tension measuring circuits, 22 On-off signal measuring circuits, the 2 road rotating speeds are surveyed
Amount circuit is connected with processor MCU first input ends, the 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits and the second input terminals of processor MCU
It is connected, the 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits are connected with the 3rd input terminals of processor MCU, 12 road 4-20mA measurement electricity
Road is connected with the 4th input terminals of processor MCU, and the 2 road tension measuring circuits are connected with the 5th input terminals of processor MCU, institute
The 22 way switch amount input measurement circuits stated are connected with the 6th input terminals of processor MCU；
The output processing circuit includes：2 road 4-20mA output circuits, 20 way switch amount output driving circuits, described 2
Road 4-20mA output circuits are connected with the first output terminals of processor MCU, the 20 way switch amount output driving circuits and processing
Device MCU second output terminals are connected；
The communicating circuit includes：2 road RS485 bus driving circuits and 2 tunnel CAN bus driving circuits, 2 tunnels
RS485 bus driving circuits are made of RS485 isolated transceivers, one transmission end of RS485 isolated transceivers and processor MCU two
Communication terminal SCI interfaces are connected, and another transmission end is connected with 2 road RS485 communication buses of system；The 2 tunnel CAN bus drivings
Circuit is made of CAN isolated transceivers, and two CAN controllers of one transmission end of CAN isolated transceivers and processor MCU are connected, separately
One transmission end is connected with 2 tunnel CAN communication buses of system；
The power circuit includes：Regulator LM2596-12, DC-DC isolated power supply module, the switch
Voltage regulator LM2596-12 input terminals are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supplies module of the 24V isolated, 24V with 24V power supplys respectively
The DC-DC isolated power supply modules that power supply is converted to the 5V of isolation are connected, and 24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolation electricity of the 24V of isolation
Source module model：URB2424XD-10WR2；24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supply module models of the 5V of isolation：
URB2405XD-10WR2；The processor MCU circuits are 16 bit processor 9S12XEP100 of Freescale.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the tachometric survey circuit is by resistance-capacitance circuit, triode
BC846, optocoupler PS2811 are formed, and resistance-capacitance circuit is connected by triode BC846 with optocoupler PS2811 input terminals, optocoupler PS2811
Input terminal is provided with luminous tube LED.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the PT1000 measuring circuits, including：Its exterior temperature
1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit and precision operational-amplifier are selected in sensor PT1000 acquisition input circuits Part_A, 8, described
8 the input terminal Sa-Sb of 1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit is selected to gather input circuit with its exterior temperature sensor PT100 0
Part_A output terminals are connected；8 select the output terminal Da-Db of 1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit and precision operational-amplifier input terminal
It is connected.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the thermocouple measurement circuit is by the K-type with cold junction compensation
Thermocouple digital quantizer MAX6675 is formed.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the 4-20mA measuring circuits, including with power supply control
Power supply circuit Part_A with the pressure transmitter of total current overcurrent protection function, have pressure transmitter signal is carried out
Conversion, amplification and the signal sample circuit Part_B of sampling and the pressure transmitter to the overcurrent protection function of single channel sensor；
Power supply circuit Part_A one end of the pressure transmitter is become by terminals P+ and its exterior pressure
Device power end is sent to connect, other end connection DC power supply 24V；Signal sample circuit Part_B one end of the pressure transmitter
It is connected by terminals P- with its exterior pressure transmitter signal output part, other end connection processing device MCU；
The power supply circuit Part_A of the pressure transmitter passes through triode Q1 and field-effect tube by diode D1
Q2 is connected, and the triode Q1 B endpoints that are connected with field-effect tube Q2 pass through triode Q3 connection processing devices MCU；Triode Q1 is imitated with field
Should the pipe Q2 B endpoints that are connected be connected with comparator LM2901；Field-effect tube Q2 models FQD17P06；
The signal sample circuit Part_B of the pressure transmitter passes through sample resistance and transport and placing device by field-effect tube Q4
AD8608 is connected to form；The sample resistance sampling end being connected with field-effect tube Q4 is D endpoints, and transport and placing device AD8608 output terminals are F
Endpoint；Field-effect tube Q4 models 2N7002.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the tension measuring circuit are to supply voltage or accumulator
The circuit of voltage measurement includes the isolating transmitter T6630P and transport and placing device AD8608 of voltage isolation input, and transport and placing device AD8608 is
Buffer in the same direction；Potential difference, that is, voltage to be measured between the input terminal Input1 and Input2 of isolating transmitter T6630P.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the On-off signal measuring circuit, including：Switching value is defeated
Enter signal deteching circuit, the on-off model detection circuit with broken string detecting,
The on-off model detection circuit by detection circuit power supply circuit Part_A, switch amount signal conversion, open
Pass amount passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B is connected composition, the detection circuit power supply electricity with two multiplexer switch circuit HC151
Road Part_A is made of triode, field-effect tube, transport and placing device, optocoupler, and triode is answered with what field-effect tube transport and placing device connected and composed
It closes pipe A points with the first optocoupler to be connected, be connected by transport and placing device with the second optocoupler；The switching value passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B by
Optocoupler U4 is electrically connected composition with luminous tube LED；
Power supply circuit Part_A of the on-off model detection circuit of band broken string detecting by detection circuit, switching value
Passage gathers and broken string circuit for detecting Part_B is connected composition, the acquisition of switching value passage and broken string with its exterior switching value respectively
Circuit for detecting Part_B is made of two groups of acquisitions/broken string circuit for detecting, and every group of acquisition/broken string circuit for detecting is passed through by resistance-capacitance circuit
Transport and placing device L2901 is connected composition with optocoupler.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the 4-20mA output circuits are by amplifier AD8608 with isolating
Transmitter T6130P be electrically connected to form 0V-5V voltage signal be changed into 4-20mA current signal spacing output circuit.
A kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, the output switch parameter driving circuit pass through three poles by optocoupler
Pipe amplifier is connected composition with driving relay, and the driving relay is the relay of normally opened contact output or is normally opened
The relay of normally-closed contact output.
A kind of master control method for diesel engine monitoring system, its step are as follows：
First, the electric signal of diesel engine operating status is gathered by input processing circuit；
1）, pass through rotating speed electric signal transmission that 2 tunnel tachometric survey circuits gather to processor MCU first input ends；Wherein
Each tachometric survey circuit completes sampling, shaping and the level conversion of tach signal, and circuit turns the tach signal Input of input
The rectangle wave output signal Output-MCU for being changed to 5V or so is sent into processor MCU；
Processor MCU counts the signal Output-MCU of feeding in 200ms, by time, count value and the flywheel number of teeth
Substitute into the following formula, you can calculate tachometer value；
Wherein：Speed unit for rev/min, the diesel engine flywheel number of teeth is determined by monitored diesel technology parameter；
2）, pass through the electric signal transmission that the PT1000 temperature sensors of 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits gather to processor MCU
Second input terminal；Wherein each PT1000 measuring circuits complete the conversion, calibration and sampling to PT1000 temperature sensor signals,
The resistance value of PT1000 is converted into voltage value, and it is sent into MCU together with supply-reference voltage, MCU is to the electricity of feeding
After pressure signal is AD converted, resistance value is calculated according to voltage value, and according to sensor resistance and the prediction equation meter of temperature
Calculate temperature value；Solve the reference voltage of converter MCU-AD and sample circuit supply voltage it is inconsistent caused by measurement result
The problem of inaccurate, meanwhile, it is realized in the case where only taking up 2 converter MCU-AD sampling channels and 8 road PT1000 is believed
Number time-sharing multiplex acquisition；
The situation of Da, Db are sent by ADG507 with Sa, Sb signal：
MCU carries out Uout1 the AD conversion of 12 sampling precisions, has
（1）
Amplifier U4 is used as difference amplifier, is had
（2）
Amplifier U2, U3 is used as non-inverting buffer, is had with reference to the signal converting effect of ADG507：
（3）
（4）
（5）
Therefore by formula（5）、（2）It substitutes into（1）In, and, then have
（6）
According to design, ideally the reference voltage Uref of AD samplings is equal with sample circuit supply voltage U for 5V, public affairs
Formula（6）It can be reduced to
（7）
MCU is directly according to formula（7）Required sensor resistance can be calculated.But actual conditions, Uref and U are with setting
Meter voltage value is not fully consistent, and through actual test, Uref is between 4.97V~5.03V, and U is between 4.96V~5.05V.Such as
Fruit still uses formula（7）, the worst error of thermometric angle value introducing is thus treated up to 13 DEG C or so.To solve the problems, such as this, electricity
When road is designed, draw a supply-reference voltage UC in C points and be sent into MCU, as shown in Figure 8.MCU carries out Uout2 12 samplings
The AD conversion of precision, then have
（8）
Amplifier U5 is used as non-inverting buffer, is had
（9）
From circuit diagram
（10）
(11）
（12）
It considers,, by formula（9）、（10）、（11）、（12）It substitutes into（8）In, have
（13）
By formula（13）It substitutes into（6）It obtains
（14）
MCU is according to formula（14）Required sensor resistance can be calculated.By the AD for introducing supply-reference voltage UC
Sampled value D2 can replace scale factor during sensor resistance is calculated using D2, eliminate by MCU-AD
The inconsistent error brought of reference voltage Uref and sample circuit supply voltage U of converter.Using Rpt according to following formula
Temperature value can be calculated.
（15）
For PT1000 in temperature survey there are nonlinearity erron, measurement result can be made more by carrying out Linearized correction to it
Accurately.Therefore, before testing temperature is treated in outside output, MCU can use segmentation table look-up with the method for linear interpolation to temperature value Tr into
Row Linearized correction.Specific method is as follows：The phasing meter of a resistance value-temperature corrected value is established in MCU first（See figure
7）,
Then according to Rpt regions interpolation method temperature correction value Tc, such as formula（16）It is shown
（16）
Temperature value T to be measured, such as formula are exported after being finally modified according to temperature corrected value Tc to temperature value Tr（17）Institute
Show：
(17)
3）, pass through the electric signal transmission that the K type thermocouples of 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits gather to processor MCU the 3rd
Input terminal；Wherein each thermocouple measurement circuit is completed to the amplification of K-type thermocouple signal, compensation, conversion and sampling, Neng Goushi
Temperature survey 0 DEG C to 1024 DEG C existing, and temperature value is sent into MCU in the form of digital quantity by SPI serial ports, while also have
Thermocouple burn out detection function and shared data line MCU-SO and clock line MCU-SCK, MCU by chip selection signal MCU-CS1,
MCU-CS2, MCU-CS3 and MCU-CS4, the 1 road signal that selection is wished to gather from 4 road thermocouple signals of input are sent into MCU
；Circuit realizes the acquisition to 4 road thermocouple signals in the case where only taking up 1 SPI serial ports；
4）, pass through electric signal transmission that 12 road 4-20mA measuring circuits gather to the 4th input terminals of processor MCU；It is wherein every
A 4-20mA measuring circuits complete conversion to pressure transmitter signal while powering for pressure transmitter, amplify and adopt
Sample, and with classification overcurrent protection function, the i.e. total current to measuring circuit and each acquisition channel that electric current is divided to have is corresponding
Overcurrent protection；
The wherein power supply circuit Part_A of measuring circuit has power supply control and total current overcurrent protection function；Sensor leads to
Road Acquisition Circuit Part_B, it is that pressure transmitter signal is converted, amplified and sampled, while is had to single channel sensor
Overcurrent protection function；
The power supply circuit Part_A of measuring circuit refers to realize the confession to measuring circuit by control signal MCU-PW-CRT
Electric break-make controls, and the relation of power supplying control signal MCU-PW-CRT and power supply state is：
When MCU-PW-CRT is logic 1, voltage UE is acted on close to 5V, triode Q3 saturation conductions in the partial pressure of R2, R3
Lower UB voltages are about 12V, and field-effect tube Q2 is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor, grid source electrode threshold voltage VGS（th）The grid source of=4V, actual Q2
Pole tension VGS≈ 24V-UB=12V ＞ VGS（th）Therefore Q2 is turned on, 24V power supplies are by access measuring circuit；
When MCU-PW-CRT is logical zero, corresponding input voltage UE ends close to 0V, Q3, and UB voltages are about 24V, Q2's
Gate-source voltage VGS≈ 24V-UB=0V ＜ VGS（th）Therefore Q2 is turned off, 24V power supplies are disconnected；
The total current overcurrent protection function of the power supply circuit Part_A of measuring circuit refers to as 4-20mA measuring circuit chief engineers
When making electric current more than the load current value designed, circuit can automatically disconnect 24V power supplies, achieve the purpose that circuit protection；
The operating current of pressure sensor is set per road is up to 25mA, and the maximum current value after No. 12 pressure sensor access circuits is about
For 300mA, therefore 4-20mA measuring circuit load current values are arranged to 350mA, can ensure the normal work of circuit, prevented simultaneously
Only super-high-current flows by mistake, the damage caused by measuring circuit；
Automatically power off protection：MCU by reading the value of Output-MCU-PW come the power supply state of decision circuitry, once
Output-MCU-PW is 0, then MCU thinks that measuring circuit needs deenergization, puts MCU-PW-CRT as 0：
When MCU-PW-CRT is logic 1, after 24V power supplies access measuring circuit, if normal power supply, UB is about 12V,
There are UB ＜ UC, comparator U1 output terminals are high resistant off state, and Output-MCU-PW is pulled to 5V or so, and MCU is pronounced
Logic 1, at this time MCU think circuit normal power supply, MCU-PW-CRT constant is still 1；
When MCU-PW-CRT powers for logical zero normal cutoff, UB is about 24V, there is UB ＞ UC, and comparator U1 output terminals are
Low-resistance conducting state, for Output-MCU-PW close to 0V, MCU is pronounced logical zero, and MCU thinks that circuit power supply is cut off at this time,
MCU-PW-CRT constant is still 0；When MCU-PW-CRT is 1 normal power supply of logic, if overcurrent occurs in circuit, IR1 is
350mA, then UR1 is 0.7V, therefore triode Q1 saturation conductions, and UB voltages about 24V, UB ＞ UC, comparator U1 output terminal are low-resistance
Conducting state, for Output-MCU-PW close to 0V, MCU is pronounced logical zero, and MCU thinks that circuit total working current anomaly needs at this time
Measuring circuit is protected, MCU pressures put MCU-PW-CRT as logical zero, and 24V power supplies are disconnected；
Local circuit Part_B is sent into after the 4-20mA signals that pressure transmitter inputs are converted to voltage signal and amplification
MCU, MCU can calculate current value according to voltage value, and actual pressure is calculated according to the conversion formula of electric current and pressure
Value：
MCU carries out 12 AD conversion to UF, has
（18）
Amplifier U2 plays the role of UD 2 times of amplification, therefore
（19）
According to the relation of cell pressure and electric current, by taking 0-1MPa ranges as an example, testing pressure value P is
(20)
Following relation is had according to ID and UD
（21）
By formula（18）、（19）、（21）It substitutes into（20）It can obtain
(22)
MCU is according to formula（22）Testing pressure value, units MPa can be calculated；
The range of pressure transmitter signal is 4-20mA, and the scope of corresponding UF is 0.96-4.8V, when MCU detects input
When voltage UF is more than this range upper limit, it is believed that need to carry out the channel sensor overcurrent protection, therefore force to put MCU-CH-CRT
For logical zero；Field-effect tube Q4 be N-channel MOS pipe, grid source electrode threshold voltage VGS（th）=3V, when MCU-CH-CRT is logical zero
When Q4 gate-source voltage VGS≈ 0V ＜ VGS（th）, then Q4 shut-offs, sensor are disconnected, have reached to the channel sensor overcurrent
The purpose of protection；
5）, pass through electric signal transmission that 2 road tension measuring circuits gather to the 5th input terminals of processor MCU；
Wherein each tension measuring circuit completes the measurement to supply voltage or battery tension, which is provided with isolation
The isolating transmitter T6630P and buffer in the same direction of input use amplifier AD8608, and potential difference is treated between Input1 and Input2
Voltage is surveyed, voltage to be measured decays to original through partial pressureAfterwards, isolated by T6630P and be sent into MCU progress AD samplings, MCU pairs
Sampled result, which scales up, can obtain voltage value to be measured；
The pressure measurement scope of tension measuring circuit is 0-50V, because the voltage range of converter MCU-AD conversions is by its benchmark electricity
Uref is pressed to determine, therefore input voltage partial pressure is decayed to using fixed resistance R1 and adjustable resistance R2 meet AD conversion in circuit
Voltage conditions after be re-fed into MCU, that is, decay to original；
After MCU carries out AD samplings to the voltage value after attenuation and isolation, voltage to be measured can be calculated according to equation below
Value U；
In formula, D is the sampled value of converter, and Uref is the reference voltage of converter；
6）, pass through electric signal transmission that 22 way switch amount input measurement circuits gather to the 6th input terminals of processor MCU；
Wherein each On-off signal measuring circuit includes on-off model detection circuit and the switching value with broken string detecting
Signal deteching circuit；
On-off model detection circuit completes the detection of switch amount signal, and with debounce and overcurrent protection function, it should
Circuit realizes the time-sharing multiplex acquisition to 14 way switch amount signals in the case where only taking up 2 MCU input ports；
Its corresponding output SD is sequentially ingressed into input port D0~D7 of 2 HC151；On-off model detection circuit with
It is connected between MCU by HC151；MCU export control signal MCU-A, MCU-B, MCU-C and MCU-G, to control 2 HC151 from
Selection wishes that the 2 way switch amount signals gathered are sent into MCU in 14 way switch amount input signals；Meanwhile MCU exports 1 tunnel for automatically controlled
Signal MCU-PW-CRT processed realizes the power supply control to measuring circuit；
Wherein each on-off model detection circuit includes：Detection circuit with power supply control and overcurrent protection function
The switching value passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B of power supply circuit Part_A, the conversion that switch amount signal can be completed and sampling,
The power supply circuit Part_A of detection circuit, when input switch amount is closed, optocoupler U4 conductings, C point voltages UC is approached
0V, MCU are pronounced logical zero；When inputting disconnection, optocoupler U4 cut-offs, UC is pulled to close to 5V, MCU and is pronounced logic
1；Two multiplexer switch HC151 have been used, 2 road signals can have once been gated and be sent into MCU, shorten system to 14 road signals
Sampling period, improve work efficiency；
Switching value passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B for button class on-off model, can go out when key is pressed or discharges
Existing button jumps several lower shakes between open and close position, one debounce capacitance C3 in input terminal parallel connection；And it uses
The mode that repeatedly identification reoperates after judging；The chattering frequency of common mechanical button is 100Hz or so, and the shake duration is 5
~10ms, selecting the capacitance C3 of 0.1uF makes the capacitor charge and discharge time be more than 10ms, to eliminate shake；Meanwhile to input switch amount
Sampled every 50ms, double sampling result unanimously then thinks that current signal state is effective, to avoid because touch by mistake or other
Erroneous judgement caused by undesirable situation；
On-off model detection circuit with broken string detecting can complete on-off model detection simultaneously and disconnection fault is detectd
It surveys, and with debounce and overcurrent protection function；
When input switch amount normally disconnects, UA is about 6V under the partial pressure effect of external parallel resistance R and R11, and UB exists
The lower about 10V of partial pressure effect of R13 and R14, UA ＜ UB, comparator U4 output terminals are high resistant off state, and optocoupler U6 is turned on,
USD1 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logical zero；Meanwhile partial pressures of the UC in R16 and R17 acts on
It is about 2V down, UA ＞ UC, comparator U5 output terminal are low-resistance conducting state, and optocoupler U7 cut-offs, USD2 is close to 5V, Output-
MCU2 is identical with USD2, and MCU is pronounced logic 1；
When input switch amount normally closed, UA is about 12V, and UA ＞ UB, comparator U4 output terminal are low-resistance conducting state,
Optocoupler U6 ends, and USD1 is close to 5V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logic 1.Meanwhile UA ＞ UC, compare
Device U5 output terminals are low-resistance conducting state, and optocoupler U7 cut-offs, for USD2 close to 5V, Output-MCU2 is identical with USD2, MCU by its
Pronounce logic 1；
When there is disconnection fault, UA is about 0V, and UA ＜ UB, comparator U4 output terminal are high resistant off state, optocoupler U6
Conducting, USD1 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logical zero；Meanwhile UA ＜ UC, comparator U5 is defeated
Outlet is high resistant off state, and optocoupler U7 conductings, USD2 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU2 is identical with USD2, and MCU, which is pronounced, to patrol
Collect 0；
2nd, the electric signal to diesel engine monitoring running state is exported, and is alarmed and is controlled；
1）, the first output terminals of processor MCU export automatically controlled letter to system monitoring device by 2 road 4-20mA output circuits
Number, realize 4~20mA analog outputs；
Physical quantity is converted to 4-20mA signal outputs by wherein each 4-20mA output circuits, and the isolation which uses becomes
It send device T6130P that the voltage signal of 0V-5V can be changed into the current signal of 4-20mA and isolates output；
Input signal Input-MCU is the pulse-width modulation PWM signal from processor MCU, and processor MCU is according to physical quantity
Value adjust the duty cycle of pulse-width modulation PWM signal, carry out the average voltage of control input signal Input-MCU with this；Simultaneously
Since PWM is square wave, therefore smothing filtering capacitance C1, C2, C3 is added in circuit to ensure that into circuit be approximate smooth
Voltage signal；Voltage signal becomes 4-20mA signal outputs after amplifier and isolating transmitter T6130P；And in close output
The position at end, which is provided with, prevents output end current pours in down a chimney from pressing down with the rectifier diode MRA4007 and transient voltage of transient voltage surge
Diode SMBJ15A processed；
2）, processor MCU second output terminals by 20 way switch amount output driving circuits to system monitoring device export electricity
Signal is controlled, realizes the output of switching value relay；
The logical signal driving relay output that wherein each output switch parameter driving circuit is sent out according to MCU；The circuit
Including two kinds of element circuit, the relay of one circuit of element circuit type exports for normally opened contact, there is 16 way switch amounts
Output is using element circuit；The relay of two circuit of element circuit type exports for normally-open normally-close contact；There is the output of 4 way switch amounts
Using element circuit；
When MCU sends out logic 1, Input-MCU-A is turned on close to 5V, optocoupler U1 and triode Q1, relay coil two
Terminal voltage is about 12V, and relay is attracted；
When MCU sends out logical zero, Input-MCU-A ends close to 0V, optocoupler U1 and three pole Q1, relay coil both ends
Voltage is about 0V, and relay discharges；
3rd, communicating circuit is completed using RS485 bus driving circuits and CAN bus driving circuit with processor MCU cooperations
Bus communication；
Power sourced electric isolation, the driving of transceiver of 2 road RS485 buses are realized using 1 RSM485D；Work as main control unit
When carrying out the information exchange including physical quantity, control instruction by RS485 buses and external system, it then follows Modbus-RTU
Agreement and work is in a half-duplex mode, maximum transmission rate 115.2Kbps has isolation well, electrostatic protection and anti-
Emi characteristics；
Using the power sourced electric isolation of 1 CTM8251D 2 tunnel CAN bus of realization, the driving function of transceiver；Work as master control
When unit carries out the information exchange including physical quantity, control instruction by CAN bus and external system, it then follows customized
CAN protocol, maximum transmission rate 1Mbps have isolation and electromagnetism interference characteristic well；
4th, the processor MCU used is using 16 bit processor 9S12XEP100 of Freescale, for receiving diesel engine state
Information, external control information and input signal, carry out integrated treatment after send out pending control signal, relative alarm information and
Status information in addition, being also responsible for system and extraneous information exchange, with reference to communicating circuit, realizes RS485 and CAN bus communication；
The temporal information that MCU is provided according to real-time clock carries out logout, and real-time clock provides current time for system；
5th, the power circuit used is used to the power supply that outside provides being converted to the power supply needed for system as internal circuit confession
Electricity, using the DC-DC isolated power supply modules URB2424XD- for the 24V power supplys that externally input 24V power supplys are converted to isolation
10WR2 powers for internal system circuit, is isolated using the DC-DC for the 5V power supplys that externally input 24V power supplys are converted to isolation
Power module URB2405XD-10WR2 powers for internal system circuit；12V electricity is converted to using by externally input 24V power supplys
The regulator LM2596-12 in source powers for internal system circuit.
Due to using technical solution as described above, the present invention has following superiority：
The technologies such as master controller integrated use of the present invention microcontroller, fieldbus, sensor measurement, realize bavin
The monitoring and early warning of oil machine various parameters, automatic control function have achieved the purpose that substitute PLC devices in former monitoring system, tool
Having demand for control to be bonded, more preferable, logic processing capability is more flexible, hardware resource configuration is more suitable for, integrates the advantages such as at low cost.With
Other similar diesel engine monitoring system master parts are compared, from hardware resource configuration, MCU selections, sensor measuring circuit, control
Device structure etc. all there are difference, has better met High speed and heavy duty diesel engine monitoring demand.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is diesel engine monitoring system architecture schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is main control unit material object and panel layout schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is master control cellular system configuration diagram；
Fig. 4 is tachometric survey circuit theory schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is waveform diagram；
Fig. 6 is intended to for PT1000 measuring circuits principal diagram；
Fig. 7 is resistance value-temperature corrected value phasing meter schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is K-type thermocouple measurement circuit；
Fig. 9 is 4-20mA measuring circuit principle schematics；
Figure 10 is tension measuring circuit schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is on-off model detection circuit schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is the on-off model detection circuit schematic diagram with broken string detecting；
Figure 13 is the local A enlarged drawings of Figure 12 detection circuits；
Figure 14 is the local B enlarged drawings of Figure 12 detection circuits；
Figure 15 is 4-20mA output circuit principle schematics；
Figure 16 is output switch parameter driving circuit principle schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is MCU and communicating circuit connection diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated with reference to attached drawing and specific implementation：
As shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 17, a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, including：It is input processing circuit, defeated
Go out process circuit, communicating circuit, processor MCU, power circuit, babinet, printed circuit board (PCB), printed circuit board (PCB) are provided in babinet
On be provided with the input processing circuit being connected with power circuit, output processing circuit, communicating circuit, processor MCU, real-time clock
Circuit；
The input processing circuit includes：2 tunnel tachometric survey circuits, 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits, 4 tunnel thermocouple measurements
Circuit, 12 road 4-20mA measuring circuits, 2 road tension measuring circuits, 22 On-off signal measuring circuits, the 2 road rotating speeds are surveyed
Amount circuit is connected with processor MCU first input ends, the 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits and the second input terminals of processor MCU
It is connected, the 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits are connected with the 3rd input terminals of processor MCU, 12 road 4-20mA measurement electricity
Road is connected with the 4th input terminals of processor MCU, and the 2 road tension measuring circuits are connected with the 5th input terminals of processor MCU, institute
The 22 way switch amount input measurement circuits stated are connected with the 6th input terminals of processor MCU；
The output processing circuit includes：2 road 4-20mA output circuits, 20 way switch amount output driving circuits, described 2
Road 4-20mA output circuits are connected with the first output terminals of processor MCU, the 20 way switch amount output driving circuits and processing
Device MCU second output terminals are connected；
The communicating circuit includes：2 road RS485 bus driving circuits and 2 tunnel CAN bus driving circuits, 2 tunnels
RS485 bus driving circuits are made of RS485 isolated transceivers, one transmission end of RS485 isolated transceivers and processor MCU two
Communication terminal SCI interfaces are connected, and another transmission end is connected with 2 road RS485 communication buses of system；The 2 tunnel CAN bus drivings
Circuit is made of CAN isolated transceivers, and two CAN controllers of one transmission end of CAN isolated transceivers and processor MCU are connected, separately
One transmission end is connected with 2 tunnel CAN communication buses of system；
The power circuit includes：Regulator LM2596-12, DC-DC isolated power supply module, the switch
Voltage regulator LM2596-12 input terminals are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supplies module of the 24V isolated, 24V with 24V power supplys respectively
The DC-DC isolated power supply modules that power supply is converted to the 5V of isolation are connected, and 24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolation electricity of the 24V of isolation
Source module model：URB2424XD-10WR2；24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supply module models of the 5V of isolation：
URB2405XD-10WR2；Externally input 24V power supplys can be converted to 12V power supplys by LM2596-12 for regulator
It powers for internal system circuit.
The entire monitoring system of diesel engine is mainly by basic monitoring system, safety system and speed regulating control as shown in Figure 1
System is formed.Diesel engine monitoring system can realize monitoring, control, protection, external system connection, digital communication of diesel engine etc.
Function.
The basic monitoring system, including：Display unit, master controller, sensor and execution unit unit, main control
Device is the core cell of basic monitoring system --- main control unit, it is acquired and monitors to diesel engine running state information,
When a fault is found can timely alert, while external operational order can be received and generate corresponding control signal.
The external interface of whole system is inputted including 50 tunnels, the output of 22 tunnels and 4 tunnel communication interfaces（See Fig. 2）.It can realize
To tach signal, PT1000 temperature sensor signals, 4~20mA signals, K type thermocouples signal, voltage signal, switching value letter
Number acquisition.Meanwhile realize 4~20mA analog outputs and the output of switching value relay.In addition, communication interface includes RS485
Two class of bus and CAN bus.Interface quantity of all categories is shown in Table 1.1 number of ports scale of all categories of table
Main control unit system architecture is as shown in Figure 3.Input processing includes the element circuit of 6 types, is respectively：Rotating speed is surveyed
Measure circuit, PT1000 measuring circuits, thermocouple measurement circuit, 4-20mA measuring circuits, tension measuring circuit and On-off signal
Measuring circuit.Output processing includes the element circuit of 2 types, is respectively：4-20mA output circuits and output switch parameter driving
Circuit.Power circuit provides required power supply for each circuit in system.
1st, input processing circuit
1）, tachometric survey circuit
Tachometric survey circuit completes sampling, shaping and the level conversion of tach signal.The tachometric survey circuit is by capacitance-resistance
Circuit, triode BC846, optocoupler PS2811 compositions, resistance-capacitance circuit pass through triode BC846 and optocoupler PS2811 input terminal phases
Even, optocoupler PS2811 input terminals are provided with luminous tube LED.Its principle is as shown in figure 4, the circuit main devices include 1 three pole
Pipe BC846 and 1 optocoupler PS2811.
Circuit inputs Input and exports the waveform signal of Output-MCU as shown in Figure 5.Circuit is by the tach signal of input
The rectangular wave of 5V or so is converted to, is sent into MCU.
MCU counts the signal Output-MCU of feeding in 200ms, by time, count value and the flywheel number of teeth substitute into
Lower formula, you can calculate tachometer value.
Wherein：Speed unit for rev/min, the diesel engine flywheel number of teeth is determined by monitored diesel technology parameter.
2）, PT1000 measuring circuits
PT1000 measuring circuits complete the conversion, calibration and sampling to PT1000 temperature sensor signals.It is by PT1000
Resistance value be converted to voltage value, and itself and supply-reference voltage are sent into MCU together, MCU carries out the voltage signal of feeding
After AD conversion, resistance value can be calculated according to voltage value, and temperature is calculated according to the prediction equation of sensor resistance and temperature
Angle value.The circuit is solved to measure caused by the reference voltage and sample circuit supply voltage of MCU converters are inconsistent and tied
The problem of fruit is inaccurate, meanwhile, it is realized in the case where only taking up 2 MCU AD sampling channels to 8 road PT1000 signals
Time-sharing multiplex gathers.
The PT1000 measuring circuits, including：Its exterior temperature sensor PT100 0 gathers input circuit Part_A, 8
1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit and precision operational-amplifier are selected, described 8 select the input of 1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit
End Sa-Sb gathers input circuit Part_A output terminals with its exterior temperature sensor PT100 0 and is connected；8 select 1 multiplexing electric
The output terminal Da-Db of sub switch circuit is connected with precision operational-amplifier input terminal.This circuit theory is as shown in fig. 6, the circuit
Main devices select 1 multiplexing electronic switch ADG507 and precision operational-amplifier AD8608 including 8.
The connection method of external PT1000 temperature sensors is represented in Fig. 6 in the solid box of left side.In order to make simple circuit just
In understanding, the input circuit i.e. local circuit Part_A that 1 road PT1000 is gathered only is drawn here.Actual circuit plate contains 8 tunnels
PT1000 gathers input circuit, that is, has used identical totally 8 Part_A circuits, and corresponding output Sa, Sb are sequentially ingressed into
Input port S1a~the S8a and S1b~S8b of ADG507.Pass through ADG507 between local circuit Part_A and local circuit Part_B
It is connected.MCU exports control signal MCU-A0, MCU-A1, MCU-A2 and MCU-EN, to control ADG507 defeated from 8 road PT1000
Enter the 1 road signal that selection in circuit is wished to gather and be sent into Part_B, and final output Output-MCU-AD1 and Output-MCU-
AD2 to MCU.
For ease of illustration the operation principle of entire circuit is sent into the situation of Da, Db with Sa, Sb signal by ADG507 here
Exemplified by be illustrated.The electrical characteristic of wherein each symbology is as shown in table 2.
The 2 symbol electrical characteristic table of comparisons of table
MCU carries out Uout1 the AD conversion of 12 sampling precisions, has
（1）
Amplifier U4 is used as difference amplifier, is had
（2）
Amplifier U2, U3 is used as non-inverting buffer, is had with reference to the signal converting effect of ADG507：
（3）
（4）
（5）
Therefore by formula（5）、（2）It substitutes into（1）In, and, then have
（6）
According to design, ideally the reference voltage Uref of AD samplings is equal with sample circuit supply voltage U for 5V, public affairs
Formula（6）It can be reduced to
（7）
MCU is directly according to formula（7）Required sensor resistance can be calculated.But actual conditions, Uref and U are with setting
Meter voltage value is not fully consistent, and through actual test, Uref is between 4.97V~5.03V, and U is between 4.96V~5.05V.Such as
Fruit still uses formula（7）, the worst error of thermometric angle value introducing is thus treated up to 13 DEG C or so.To solve the problems, such as this, electricity
When road is designed, draw a supply-reference voltage UC in C points and be sent into MCU, as shown in Figure 6.MCU carries out Uout2 12 samplings
The AD conversion of precision, then have
（8）
Amplifier U5 is used as non-inverting buffer, is had
（9）
From circuit diagram
（10）
（11）
（12）
It considers,, by formula（9）、（10）、（11）、（12）It substitutes into（8）In, have
（13）
By formula（13）It substitutes into（6）It obtains
（14）
MCU is according to formula（14）Required sensor resistance can be calculated.By the AD for introducing supply-reference voltage UC
Sampled value D2 can replace scale factor during sensor resistance is calculated using D2, eliminate by MCU AD
The inconsistent error brought of reference voltage Uref and sample circuit supply voltage U of converter.Using Rpt according to following formula
Temperature value can be calculated.
（15）
For PT1000 in temperature survey there are nonlinearity erron, measurement result can be made more by carrying out Linearized correction to it
Accurately.Therefore, before testing temperature is treated in outside output, MCU can use segmentation table look-up with the method for linear interpolation to temperature value Tr into
Row Linearized correction.Specific method is as follows：The phasing meter of a resistance value-temperature corrected value is established in MCU first（See figure
7）,
Then according to Rpt regions interpolation method temperature correction value Tc, such as formula（16）It is shown
（16）
Temperature value T to be measured, such as formula are exported after being finally modified according to temperature corrected value Tc to temperature value Tr（17）Institute
Show..
(17)
3), thermocouple measurement circuit
Thermocouple measurement circuit is completed to the amplification of K-type thermocouple signal, compensation, conversion and sampling.The main device of the circuit
Part uses the K-type thermocouple digital quantizer MAX6675 with cold junction compensation, can realize 0 DEG C to 1024 DEG C of temperature survey, and
Temperature value is sent into MCU by SPI serial ports in the form of digital quantity, while also there is thermocouple burn out detection.
The thermocouple measurement circuit is made of the K-type thermocouple digital quantizer MAX6675 with cold junction compensation.Circuit is former
Reason figure is as shown in figure 8, include 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits, their shared data line MCU-SO and clock line MCU- in the figure
SCK, MCU are selected by chip selection signal MCU-CS1, MCU-CS2, MCU-CS3 and MCU-CS4 from 4 road thermocouple signals of input
It selects the 1 road signal for wishing to gather and is sent into MCU.Circuit is realized in the case where only taking up 1 SPI serial ports to No. 4 thermocouple letters
Number acquisition.
4), 4-20mA measuring circuits
4-20mA measuring circuits complete conversion, the amplification to pressure transmitter signal while powering for pressure transmitter
And sampling, and with classification overcurrent protection function, i.e. the total current to measuring circuit and each acquisition channel divides electric current to have pair
The overcurrent protection answered.
The 4-20mA measuring circuits, including the pressure transmitter with power supply control and total current overcurrent protection function
Power supply circuit Part_A, have and pressure transmitter signal is converted, amplified and sampled and the mistake to single channel sensor
Flow the signal sample circuit Part_B of the pressure transmitter of defencive function；
Power supply circuit Part_A one end of the pressure transmitter is become by terminals P+ and its exterior pressure
Device power end is sent to connect, other end connection DC power supply 24V；Signal sample circuit Part_B one end of the pressure transmitter
It is connected by terminals P- with its exterior pressure transmitter signal output part, other end connection processing device MCU；
The power supply circuit Part_A of the pressure transmitter passes through triode Q1 and field-effect tube by diode D1
Q2 is connected, and the triode Q1 B endpoints that are connected with field-effect tube Q2 pass through triode Q3 connection processing devices MCU；Triode Q1 is imitated with field
Should the pipe Q2 B endpoints that are connected be connected with comparator LM2901；Field-effect tube Q2 models FQD17P06；
The signal sample circuit Part_B of the pressure transmitter passes through sample resistance and transport and placing device by field-effect tube Q4
AD8608 is connected to form；The sample resistance sampling end being connected with field-effect tube Q4 is D endpoints, and transport and placing device AD8608 output terminals are F
Endpoint；Field-effect tube Q4 models 2N7002.Its circuit theory is as shown in figure 9, the circuit main devices include triode BC856
With BC846, field-effect tube FQD17P06 and 2N7002, comparator LM2901, amplifier AD8608.
The connection method of external pressure transmitter is represented in the solid box of Fig. 9 middle and upper parts, pressure transmitter is connect with serial arrangement
Enter circuit.In order to readily appreciate simple circuit, the 1 i.e. local circuit Part_ of road sensor passage Acquisition Circuit is only drawn here
B.Actual circuit plate contains 12 road sensor passage Acquisition Circuits, that is, has used identical totally 12 Part_B circuits, and 12 roads are defeated
Go out Output-MCU-AD and be respectively fed to MCU progress AD samplings.Meanwhile MCU export 1 road power supplying control signal MCU-PW-CRT and
12 paths control signal MCU-CH-CRT, the former can realize the power supply control to measuring circuit, and the latter can be realized to every
The independent control of a passage Acquisition Circuit.For ease of illustration the electrical characteristic of each symbology is as shown in table 3.
3 symbol electrical characteristic of table
| Symbol | Electrical characteristic and meaning |
| IR1 | The current value of R1 |
| UR1 | The voltage value of R1 |
| UB | B point voltages |
| UC | C point voltages are about 16V |
| UD | D point voltages |
| ID | D point electric currents |
| UE | E point voltages |
| UF | F point voltages |
| MCU-PW-CRT | Power supplying control signal |
| MCU-CH-CRT | Channel control signals |
| D | The AD conversion result of Output-MCU-AD |
| Uref | The reference voltage value of converter in MCU is usually 5V |
| P | Sensor pressure values to be measured |
4-20mA measuring circuits mainly include Part_A, Part_B two parts（See Fig. 9）.Wherein Part_A is measuring circuit
Power supply circuit and with power supply control and total current overcurrent protection function；Part_B is sensor passage Acquisition Circuit, it is right
Pressure transmitter signal is converted, amplified and sampled, while has the overcurrent protection function to single channel sensor.
The power supply control function of local circuit Part_A refers to realize to measuring circuit by control signal MCU-PW-CRT
Power supply break-make control.The relation of power supplying control signal MCU-PW-CRT and power supply state is shown in Table 4.When MCU-PW-CRT is
During logic 1, voltage UE is close to 5V, triode Q3 saturation conductions, and UB voltages are about 12V under the partial pressure effect of R2, R3, field-effect
Pipe Q2 be P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor, grid source electrode threshold voltage VGS（th）The gate-source voltage V of=4V, actual Q2GS≈ 24V-UB=12V
＞ VGS（th）Therefore Q2 is turned on, 24V power supplies are by access measuring circuit.When MCU-PW-CRT is logical zero, corresponding input voltage
UE ends close to 0V, Q3, and UB voltages are about 24V, the gate-source voltage V of Q2GS≈ 24V-UB=0V ＜ VGS（th）Therefore Q2 is turned off, 24V
Power supply is disconnected.
4 control signal of table and power supply state
| MCU-PW-CRT signal logic values | Power supply state |
| 1 | Power supply |
| 0 | Power-off |
The total current overcurrent protection function of local circuit Part_A refers to
During the load current value of design, circuit can automatically disconnect 24V power supplies, achieve the purpose that circuit protection.In view of pressure
The operating current of sensor is up to 25mA per road, and the maximum current value after No. 12 pressure sensors access circuits is about 300mA,
Therefore 4-20mA measuring circuit load current values are designed as 350mA, so it can ensure not influencing the same of circuit normal work
When prevent super-high-current by mistake flow into may be damaged caused by measuring circuit.
Specific implementation process and the realization principle for automatically powering off protection are as described below.MCU is by reading Output-MCU-PW
Value carry out the power supply state of decision circuitry, once Output-MCU-PW is 0, then MCU thinks that measuring circuit needs deenergization,
MCU-PW-CRT is put as 0.State correspondence is as shown in table 5.Realization principle is：When MCU-PW-CRT is logic 1,24V powers
After plant-grid connection measuring circuit, if normal power supply, UB is about 12V, there is UB ＜ UC, and comparator U1 output terminals turn off shape for high resistant
State, Output-MCU-PW are pulled to 5V or so, and MCU is pronounced logic 1, and MCU thinks circuit normal power supply, MCU- at this time
PW-CRT constant is still 1.When MCU-PW-CRT powers for logical zero normal cutoff, UB is about 24V, there is UB ＞ UC, comparator U1
Output terminal is low-resistance conducting state, and for Output-MCU-PW close to 0V, MCU is pronounced logical zero, and MCU thinks that circuit is powered at this time
It is cut off, MCU-PW-CRT constant is still 0.When MCU-PW-CRT is logic 1, if there is overcurrent in circuit, IR1 350mA,
Then UR1 is 0.7V, therefore triode Q1 saturation conductions, and UB voltages about 24V, UB ＞ UC, comparator U1 output terminal turn on shape for low-resistance
State, for Output-MCU-PW close to 0V, MCU is pronounced logical zero, and MCU thinks that circuit total working current anomaly is needed to surveying at this time
Amount circuit is protected, and pressure puts MCU-PW-CRT as logical zero, and 24V power supplies are disconnected.
5 state mapping table of table
Local circuit Part_B is sent into after the 4-20mA signals that pressure transmitter inputs are converted to voltage signal and amplification
MCU, MCU can calculate current value according to voltage value, and actual pressure is calculated according to the conversion formula of electric current and pressure
Value.Calculating process is as described below.
MCU carries out 12 AD conversion to UF, has
（18）
Amplifier U2 plays the role of UD 2 times of amplification, therefore
（19）
According to the relation of cell pressure and electric current, by taking 0-1MPa ranges as an example, testing pressure value P is
(20)
Following relation is had according to ID and UD
（21）
By formula（18）、（19）、（21）It substitutes into（20）It can obtain
(22)
MCU is according to formula（22）Testing pressure value, units MPa can be calculated.
The range of pressure transmitter signal is 4-20mA, and the scope of corresponding UF is 0.96-4.8V, when MCU detects input
When voltage UF is more than this range upper limit, it is believed that need to carry out the channel sensor overcurrent protection, therefore force to put MCU-CH-CRT
For logical zero.Field-effect tube Q4 be N-channel MOS pipe, grid source electrode threshold voltage VGS（th）=3V, when MCU-CH-CRT is logical zero
When Q4 gate-source voltage VGS≈ 0V ＜ VGS（th）, then Q4 shut-offs, sensor are disconnected, have reached to the channel sensor overcurrent
The purpose of protection.
5), tension measuring circuit
Tension measuring circuit completes the measurement to supply voltage or battery tension.
The tension measuring circuit be to the electric routing voltage isolation input of supply voltage or battery voltage measuring every
From transmitter T6630P and transport and placing device AD8608, transport and placing device AD8608 is buffer in the same direction；The input of isolating transmitter T6630P
Potential difference, that is, voltage to be measured between the Input1 and Input2 of end.Circuit theory is as shown in Figure 10.The circuit main devices become for isolation
Device T6630P and amplifier AD8608 are sent, the former realizes the isolation input of voltage, and the latter uses as buffer in the same direction.Input1 with
Potential difference, that is, voltage to be measured between Input2;
Voltage to be measured decays to original through partial pressureAfterwards, isolated by T6630P and be sent into MCU progress AD samplings, MCU pairs
Sampled result, which scales up, can obtain voltage value to be measured.
The pressure measurement scope of tension measuring circuit is 0-50V, because the voltage range of MCU AD conversion is by its reference voltage Uref
It determines, therefore input voltage partial pressure is decayed to the voltage for meeting AD conversion using fixed resistance R1 and adjustable resistance R2 in circuit
MCU is re-fed into after condition, that is, is decayed to original。
After MCU carries out AD samplings to the voltage value after attenuation and isolation, voltage to be measured can be calculated according to equation below
Value U.
In formula, D is the sampled value of converter, and Uref is the reference voltage of converter.
6), On-off signal measuring circuit
On-off signal measuring circuit includes two kinds of element circuit, is on-off model detection circuit and band respectively
Break the on-off model detection circuit detected.
(1）On-off model detection circuit completes the detection of switch amount signal, and with debounce and overcurrent protection function.
The circuit realizes the time-sharing multiplex acquisition to 14 way switch amount signals in the case where only taking up 2 MCU input ports.
The on-off model detection circuit by detection circuit power supply circuit Part_A, switch amount signal conversion, open
Pass amount passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B is electrically connected composition, the detection circuit power supply electricity with two multiplexer switch road HC151
Road Part_A is made of triode, field-effect tube, transport and placing device, optocoupler, and triode is answered with what field-effect tube transport and placing device connected and composed
It closes pipe A points with the first optocoupler to be connected, be connected by transport and placing device with the second optocoupler；The switching value passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B by
Optocoupler U4 is electrically connected composition with luminous tube LED；Its circuit theory is as shown in figure 11.The circuit main devices include triode
BC856, field-effect tube FQD17P06, amplifier AD8608, optocoupler PS2811 and 8 select 1 multiplexer switch HC151.
The connection method of external switch amount is represented in the solid box of Figure 11 middle and upper parts.In order to readily appreciate simple circuit, this
In only draw the 1 i.e. local circuit Part_B of way switch amount passage Acquisition Circuit.Contain 14 way switch amount passages in actual circuit plate
Acquisition Circuit, that is, used identical totally 14 Part_B circuits, and corresponding output SD is sequentially ingressed into the input of 2 HC151
Port D0~D7.On-off model detection circuit is connected between MCU by HC151.MCU output control signals MCU-A, MCU-B,
MCU-C and MCU-G, 2 HC151 to be controlled to select to wish the 2 way switch amounts gathered letter from 14 way switch amount input signals
Number be sent into MCU.Meanwhile MCU exports power supply control of the 1 road power supplying control signal MCU-PW-CRT realizations to measuring circuit.
On-off model detection circuit mainly includes Part_A, Part_B two parts（See Figure 11）.Part_A is detection electricity
The power supply circuit on road has power supply control and overcurrent protection function.Compared with the Part_A circuits of 4-20mA measuring circuits, switch
The Part_A circuits for measuring signal deteching circuit are only merely that power supply is become 12V from 24V, and triode is replaced with optocoupler,
Its circuit theory is the same, is referred to described in 1.4 sections.
Part_B is switching value passage Acquisition Circuit, it completes the conversion and sampling of switch amount signal.Work as input switch
When amount is closed, optocoupler U4 conductings, C point voltage UC are pronounced logical zero close to 0V, MCU；When inputting disconnection, optocoupler U4 cut-offs,
UC is pulled to close to 5V, and MCU is pronounced logic 1.Because having used two multiplexer switch HC151, can once select
Logical 2 road signal is sent into MCU, shortens sampling period of the system to 14 road signals, improves work efficiency.
For button class on-off model, when key is pressed or discharges it is possible that button is in open and close position
Between jump it is several under jitter problem.In order to eliminate shake, on hardware, circuit is in an input terminal debounce capacitance C3 in parallel；It is soft
On part, then in a program by the way of being reoperated after multiple identification judges.The chattering frequency of common mechanical button is left for 100Hz
The right side, the shake duration makes the capacitor charge and discharge time be more than 10ms in 5~10ms, here the capacitance C3 of selection 0.1uF, to eliminate
Shake.Meanwhile input switch amount is sampled every 50ms in software, double sampling result unanimously then thinks current demand signal
State is effective, to avoid because touch by mistake or other undesirable situations caused by judge by accident.
(2）On-off model detection circuit with broken string detecting can complete on-off model detection and disconnection fault simultaneously
Detecting, and with debounce and overcurrent protection function.The circuit is realized in the case where only taking up 2 MCU input ports to 8 tunnels
The time-sharing multiplex acquisition of on-off model.
Power supply circuit Part_A of the on-off model detection circuit of band broken string detecting by detection circuit, switching value
Passage gathers and broken string circuit for detecting Part_B is connected composition, the acquisition of switching value passage and broken string with its exterior switching value respectively
Circuit for detecting Part_B is made of two groups of acquisitions/broken string circuit for detecting, and every group of acquisition/broken string circuit for detecting is passed through by resistance-capacitance circuit
Transport and placing device L2901 is connected composition with optocoupler.Its circuit theory is as shown in figure 12, Figure 13 and the partial enlarged view that Figure 14 is Figure 12.
The circuit main devices include triode BC856, field-effect tube FQD17P06, amplifier AD8608, comparator LM2901, optocoupler
PS2811 and 8 selects 1 multiplexer switch HC151.
The connection method of outside line is represented in the solid box of Figure 12 middle and upper parts, it must parallel connection one while switching value is accessed
The resistance of a 10K Ω.In order to readily appreciate simple circuit, the acquisition of 1 way switch amount passage and broken string detecting electricity are only drawn here
Road, that is, local circuit Part_B.Containing the acquisition of 8 way switch amount passages and the circuit for detecting that breaks in actual circuit plate, that is, phase is used
Same totally 8 Part_B circuits, 8 SD1 for corresponding to output access input terminal D0~D7 of a HC151,8 SD2 accesses
Input terminal D0~D7 of another HC151.It is connected between detection circuit and MCU by HC151.MCU output control signals MCU-A,
MCU-B, MCU-C and MCU-G, to control 2 HC151 selected from 8 way switch amount input signals desired by 1 way switch amount phase
OFF signal is sent into MCU.Meanwhile MCU exports power supply control of the 1 road power supplying control signal MCU-PW-CRT realizations to detection circuit.
For ease of illustration here with SD1, SD2 of 1 way switch amount through HC151 output terminals Output-MCU1 and Output-MCU2 send to
It is illustrated in case of MCU.The electrical characteristic of wherein each symbology is as shown in table 6.
6 symbol electrical characteristic of table
| Symbol | Electrical characteristic and meaning |
| UA | A point voltages |
| UB | B point voltages are about 10V |
| UC | C point voltages are about 2V |
| USD1 | SD1 voltages |
| USD2 | SD2 voltages |
On-off model detection circuit with broken string detecting mainly includes Part_A, Part_B two parts.Local circuit
Part_A is the power supply circuit of detection circuit, has power supply control and overcurrent protection function, and circuit saves the switch with 1.6.1
The local circuit Part_A of amount signal deteching circuit is identical, and circuit theory is referred to the Part_A circuits of 4-20mA measuring circuits
Described in 1.4 sections.Local circuit Part_B is the acquisition of switching value passage and broken string circuit for detecting, it completes turning for switch amount signal
It changes and samples, and with debounce and disconnection fault detecting function.The effect of debounce function and upper one section on-off model detection electricity
The debounce function on road is identical, refers to described in 1.6.1 sections.Here mainly disconnection fault detecting function is illustrated.MCU passes through reading
Output-MCU1 and Output-MCU2 various combinations value is taken to judge the virtual condition of input, combination is as shown in table 7.
Table 7 exports truth table
| Input state | Output-MCU1 | Output-MCU2 |
| It is normal to disconnect | 0 | 1 |
| Normally closed | 1 | 1 |
| Broken string | 0 | 0 |
When input switch amount normally disconnects, UA is about 6V under the partial pressure effect of external parallel resistance R and R11, and UB exists
The lower about 10V of partial pressure effect of R13 and R14, UA ＜ UB, comparator U4 output terminals are high resistant off state, and optocoupler U6 is turned on,
USD1 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logical zero.Meanwhile partial pressures of the UC in R16 and R17 acts on
It is about 2V down, UA ＞ UC, comparator U5 output terminal are low-resistance conducting state, and optocoupler U7 cut-offs, USD2 is close to 5V, Output-
MCU2 is identical with USD2, and MCU is pronounced logic 1.
When input switch amount normally closed, UA is about 12V, and UA ＞ UB, comparator U4 output terminal are low-resistance conducting state,
Optocoupler U6 ends, and USD1 is close to 5V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logic 1.Meanwhile UA ＞ UC, compare
Device U5 output terminals are low-resistance conducting state, and optocoupler U7 cut-offs, for USD2 close to 5V, Output-MCU2 is identical with USD2, MCU by its
Pronounce logic 1.
When there is disconnection fault, UA is about 0V, and UA ＜ UB, comparator U4 output terminal are high resistant off state, optocoupler U6
Conducting, USD1 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU1 is identical with USD1, and MCU is pronounced logical zero.Meanwhile UA ＜ UC, comparator U5 is defeated
Outlet is high resistant off state, and optocoupler U7 conductings, USD2 is close to 0V, and Output-MCU2 is identical with USD2, and MCU, which is pronounced, to patrol
Collect 0.
2nd, output processing circuit
1）, 4-20mA output circuits, physical quantity is converted to 4-20mA signal outputs by 4-20mA output circuits.The 4-
20mA output circuits are changed into 4- by the be electrically connected to form voltage signal of 0V-5V of amplifier AD8608 and isolating transmitter T6130P
The spacing output circuit of the current signal of 20mA.Circuit diagram is as shown in figure 15.The circuit main devices are amplifier AD8608
The voltage signal of 0V-5V can be changed into the electric current letter of 4-20mA with isolating transmitter T6130P, isolating transmitter T6130P
Number and isolate output.
Input signal Input-MCU is the PWM from MCU（Pulsewidth modulation）Signal, MCU are adjusted according to the value of physical quantity
The duty cycle of pwm signal controls the average voltage of Input-MCU with this.Simultaneously because PWM is square wave, therefore add in circuit
Enter smothing filtering capacitance C1, C2, C3 to ensure that into circuit be approximate smooth voltage signal.Voltage signal through amplifier and every
From becoming 4-20mA signal outputs after transmitter T6130P.Output end current pours in down a chimney and transient voltage surge in order to prevent, is connecing
The position of nearly output terminal is with the addition of rectifier diode MRA4007 and transient voltage suppressor diode SMBJ15A.
2）, output switch parameter driving circuit
The logical signal driving relay output that output switch parameter driving circuit is sent out according to MCU.The circuit includes two kinds
The element circuit of type, the output switch parameter driving circuit are connected group by triode amplifier by optocoupler with driving relay
Into the driving relay is the relay of normally opened contact output or is the relay that normally-open normally-close contact exports.Such as Figure 16
It is shown.Only in relay output facet there are difference, the relay of one circuit of type is normal for element circuit type one and type two
Contact output is opened, the relay of two circuit of type exports for normally-open normally-close contact.There is the output of 16 way switch amounts in actual circuit plate
Using element circuit type one, the output of 4 way switch amounts is using element circuit type two.Because two types circuit theory is identical, this
In be illustrated by taking element circuit type one as an example.
When MCU sends out logic 1, Input-MCU-A is turned on close to 5V, optocoupler U1 and triode Q1, relay coil two
Terminal voltage is about 12V, and relay is attracted.When MCU sends out logical zero, Input-MCU-A is cut close to 0V, optocoupler U1 and three pole Q1
Only, relay coil both end voltage is about 0V, and relay discharges.
3rd, communicating circuit, communicating circuit mainly coordinates with MCU completes bus communication, as shown in figure 17.Communicating circuit includes 2
Road RS485 bus driving circuits and 2 tunnel CAN bus driving circuits.The power supply of 2 road RS485 buses is realized using 1 RSM485D
The driving functions such as electrical isolation, transceiver realize power sourced electric isolation, the transceiver of 2 tunnel CAN bus using 1 CTM8251D
Etc. driving functions.
When main control unit is handed over by the information that RS485 buses and external system are carried out including physical quantity, control instruction
When changing, it then follows Modbus-RTU agreements and work is in a half-duplex mode, maximum transmission rate 115.2Kbps has fine
Isolation, electrostatic protection and electromagnetism interference characteristic.
When main control unit carries out by CAN bus and external system the information exchange including physical quantity, control instruction
When, it then follows customized CAN protocol, maximum transmission rate 1Mbps have isolation and electromagnetism interference characteristic well.
4th, MCU and real-time clock, processor MCU use 16 bit processor 9S12XEP100 of Freescale, are main control units
Core devices, it receives diesel engine status information, external control information and other input signals, is sent out after carrying out integrated treatment
Pending control signal, relative alarm information and status information, in addition it is responsible for system and extraneous information exchange, knot
Communicating circuit is closed, can realize RS485 and CAN bus communication.Real-time clock provides current time for system, and MCU is according in real time
The temporal information that clock provides carries out logout.
, the power circuit that uses is used to the power supply that outside provides being converted to the power supply needed for system as internal circuit confession
Electricity, using the DC-DC isolated power supply modules URB2424XD- for the 24V power supplys that externally input 24V power supplys are converted to isolation
10WR2 powers for internal system circuit, is isolated using the DC-DC for the 5V power supplys that externally input 24V power supplys are converted to isolation
Power module URB2405XD-10WR2 powers for internal system circuit；12V electricity is converted to using by externally input 24V power supplys
The regulator LM2596-12 in source powers for internal system circuit.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system, it is characterized in that：Including：Input processing circuit, output processing electricity
Road, communicating circuit, processor MCU, power circuit, babinet are provided with printed circuit board (PCB) in babinet, are provided on printed circuit board (PCB)
Input processing circuit, output processing circuit, communicating circuit, processor MCU, the real time clock circuit being connected with power circuit；
The input processing circuit includes：2 tunnel tachometric survey circuits, 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits, 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits,
12 road 4-20mA measuring circuits, 2 road tension measuring circuits, 22 way switch amount input measurement circuits, the 2 tunnel tachometric survey electricity
Road is connected with processor MCU first input ends, and the 8 road PT1000 measuring circuits are connected with the second input terminals of processor MCU,
The 4 tunnel thermocouple measurement circuits are connected with the 3rd input terminals of processor MCU, the 12 road 4-20mA measuring circuits and place
The 4th input terminals of reason device MCU are connected, and the 2 road tension measuring circuits are connected with the 5th input terminals of processor MCU, and described 22
Way switch amount input measurement circuit is connected with the 6th input terminals of processor MCU；
The output processing circuit includes：2 road 4-20mA output circuits, 20 way switch amount output driving circuits, the 2 road 4-
20mA output circuits are connected with the first output terminals of processor MCU, the 20 way switch amount output driving circuits and processor MCU
Second output terminal is connected；
The communicating circuit includes：2 road RS485 bus driving circuits and 2 tunnel CAN bus driving circuits, the 2 road RS485
Bus driving circuits are made of RS485 isolated transceivers, two communications of one transmission end of RS485 isolated transceivers and processor MCU
End SCI interfaces are connected, and another transmission end is connected with 2 road RS485 communication buses of system；The 2 tunnel CAN bus driving circuits
It is made of CAN isolated transceivers, two CAN controllers of one transmission end of CAN isolated transceivers and processor MCU are connected, Ling Yichuan
Defeated end is connected with 2 tunnel CAN communication buses of system；
The power circuit includes：Regulator LM2596-12, DC-DC isolated power supply module, the switching voltage
Adjuster LM2596-12 input terminals are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supplies module of the 24V isolated, 24V power supplys with 24V power supplys respectively
The DC-DC isolated power supply modules for being converted to the 5V of isolation are connected, and 24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supply moulds of the 24V of isolation
Block model：URB2424XD-10WR2；24V power supplys are converted to the DC-DC isolated power supply module models of the 5V of isolation：
URB2405XD-10WR2；The processor MCU is 16 bit processor 9S12XEP100 of Freescale；
The On-off signal measuring circuit, including：On-off model detection circuit, the on-off model detection with broken string detecting
Circuit,
The on-off model detection circuit is converted by detection circuit power supply circuit Part_A, switch amount signal and what is sampled opens
Pass amount passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B is electrically connected composition, the detection circuit power supply electricity with two multiplexer switch road HC151
Road Part_A is made of triode, field-effect tube, transport and placing device, optocoupler, the multiple tube A points that triode is connected and composed with field-effect tube
It is connected with the first optocoupler, is connected by transport and placing device with the second optocoupler；The switching value passage Acquisition Circuit Part_B is by optocoupler U4
Composition is electrically connected with luminous tube LED；
Power supply circuit Part_A, switching value passage of the on-off model detection circuit of the band broken string detecting by detection circuit
Acquisition and broken string circuit for detecting Part_B are connected composition, the acquisition of switching value passage and broken string detecting with its exterior switching value respectively
Circuit Part_B is made of two groups of acquisitions/broken string circuit for detecting, and every group of acquisition/broken string circuit for detecting passes through amplifier by resistance-capacitance circuit
Device L2901 is connected composition with optocoupler；
The output switch parameter driving circuit is connected with driving relay by triode amplifier by optocoupler and formed, the drive
Motor type relay is the relay of normally opened contact output or is the relay that normally-open normally-close contact exports.
2. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The rotating speed is surveyed
Amount circuit is made of resistance-capacitance circuit, triode BC846, optocoupler PS2811, and resistance-capacitance circuit passes through triode BC846 and optocoupler
PS2811 input terminals are connected, and optocoupler PS2811 input terminals are provided with luminous tube LED.
3. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The PT1000
Measuring circuit, including：1 multiplexing electronic switch is selected in the acquisition input circuit of its exterior temperature sensor PT100 0 Part_A, 8
Circuit and precision operational-amplifier, described 8 select the input terminal Sa-Sb of 1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit and its exterior temperature
Degree sensor PT1000 acquisition input circuit Part_A output terminals are connected；8 select the output terminal of 1 multiplexing electronic switching circuit
Da-Db is connected with precision operational-amplifier input terminal.
4. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The thermocouple
Measuring circuit is made of the K-type thermocouple digital quantizer MAX6675 with cold junction compensation.
5. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The 4-20mA
Measuring circuit, the power supply circuit Part_ including the pressure transmitter with power supply control and total current overcurrent protection function
A, have and pressure transmitter signal is converted, amplified and sampled and the pressure of the overcurrent protection function of single channel sensor is become
Send the signal sample circuit Part_B of device；
Power supply circuit Part_A one end of the pressure transmitter passes through terminals P+ and its exterior pressure transmitter
Power end connects, other end connection DC power supply 24V；Signal sample circuit Part_B one end of the pressure transmitter passes through
Terminals P- is connected with its exterior pressure transmitter signal output part, other end connection processing device MCU；
The power supply circuit Part_A of the pressure transmitter passes through triode Q1 and field-effect tube Q2 phases by diode D1
Even, the triode Q1 B endpoints that are connected with field-effect tube Q2 pass through triode Q3 connection processing devices MCU；Triode Q1 and field-effect tube
The Q2 B endpoints that are connected are connected with comparator LM2901；Field-effect tube Q2 models FQD17P06；
The signal sample circuit Part_B of the pressure transmitter passes through divider resistance and transport and placing device by field-effect tube Q4
AD8608 is connected to form；The divider resistance partial pressure end being connected with field-effect tube Q4 is D endpoints, and transport and placing device AD8608 output terminals are F
Endpoint；Field-effect tube Q4 models 2N7002.
6. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The voltage is surveyed
Measure circuit be to the circuit of supply voltage or battery voltage measuring, isolating transmitter T6630P including voltage isolation input with
Transport and placing device AD8608, transport and placing device AD8608 are buffer in the same direction；The input terminal Input1 and Input2 of isolating transmitter T6630P
Between potential difference, that is, voltage to be measured.
7. a kind of master controller for diesel engine monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The 4-20mA
Output circuit is electrically connected to form by amplifier AD8608 and isolating transmitter T6130P is changed into 4-20mA by the voltage signal of 0V-5V
Current signal spacing output circuit.
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| CN106050414A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏恩达通用设备有限公司 | Measurement, control and protection device of diesel engine |
| CN106530769A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-22 | 晋城市通平交通科技有限公司 | Solar road warning light and electric wave time synchronization signal decoding method |
| CN107576411A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-12 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | A kind of PT1000 temperature-measuring modules for diesel engine monitoring system |
| CN107588862A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-16 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | A kind of K idol temperature-measuring modules for diesel engine monitoring system |
| CN107608282A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-19 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | A kind of relay expansion module for diesel engine monitoring system |
| CN108593304A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-28 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Nuclear power Emergency diesel multi-state alert status monitors and diagnostic analysis system and method |
| CN109581233B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-03-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Device for detecting positive and negative monolithic voltages of fuel cell and control method thereof |
| CN111362333B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-07-30 | 周聪 | Sewage treatment node signal conditioning system based on big data |
| CN111505994A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-07 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Control method, system and application of gas generator set power station monitoring system |
| CN113588112B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2024-03-26 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | High-power diesel engine temperature acquisition module and use method |
| CN116243634A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-06-09 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Fieldbus driving circuit suitable for under strong interference environment |
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| US8286603B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2012-10-16 | Fumes Safety Llc | System and method for controlling toxic gas |
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