CN105505898B - 一种深海来源羧酸酯酶及其编码基因与应用 - Google Patents
一种深海来源羧酸酯酶及其编码基因与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12Y—ENZYMES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种深海来源羧酸酯酶DMWf18‑543及其编码基因与应用。一种深海来源羧酸酯酶DMWf18‑543编码基因由宏基因组筛选获得,核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。本发明所述的羧酸酯酶基因经异源表达后,底物为对硝基苯酚丁酸酯(C4)时催化活性最高,酶活达444U/mg。羧酸酯酶DMWf18‑543催化水解温度范围为15~55℃,优选为30~45℃;所述水解的pH值为5.0~10.0,优选为6.0~8.0。该酯酶可广泛应用于手性药物合成、食品加工及食品风味改良、油脂水解、皮革绢纺原料脱脂、废水处理、洗涤工业等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程领域,具体涉及一种深海沉积物来源羧酸酯酶、其编码基因及其应用。
背景技术
脂类水解酶包括羧酸酯酶(EC3.1.1.1)和脂肪酶(EC3.1.1.3),广泛存在于微生物中,能够催化酯类化合物的水解和合成。羧酸酯酶主要催化少于10个碳的短链酰基甘油,脂肪酶主要催化大于10个碳的长链酰基甘油。脂类水解酶具有许多优良特性,如催化反应不需要辅助因子,手型选择特异性高,拥有较广的底物谱,以及在有机溶剂中保持高稳定性等。脂类水解酶是工业生产中重要的催化剂,可广泛应用于手性药物催化、皮革绢纺原料脱脂、废水处理、洗涤工业以及食品加工等方面。
目前已经有许多微生物来源的脂肪酶得到了商业化生产,并应用于生产生活的各个方面。而羧酸酯酶作为一种重要的工业用酶,在实际生产中得到应用的种类和数量还十分有限。新型羧酸酯酶资源的挖掘和积累是满足食品和化工等工业对羧酸酯酶日益增长需求的必要条件。本发明运用宏基因组构建和羧酸酯酶活性筛选的技术,获得深海来源新型羧酸酯酶,并研究其酶学性质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新的深海来源羧酸酯酶、其编码基因及其制备方法,该羧酸酯酶可用于酯类降解及其他酯类化合物的生物催化和转化。
本发明从太平洋海山深海沉积物宏基因组文库中,以三丁酸甘油酯作为底物筛选羧酸酯酶活性,获得一种新的羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543,其编码基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNo.1所示,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
将该羧酸酯酶序列在GenBank中进行同源搜索,与之相似性最高的也是宏基因组来源的酯酶,相似性为81%(其在GenBank数据库中的注册号为AFB82690)。系统发育分析结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543属于脂类水解酶家族中的第IV家族。根据氨基酸序列推测,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的催化中心由丝氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸(氨基酸位置为144、238和268)组成,其中丝氨酸位于甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸(氨基酸位置为142至146)组成的保守序列中,因此羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543属于第IV家族GDSAG亚家族。氧离子洞位于75和76位两个甘氨酸。综上所述,DMWf18-543应为脂类水解酶第IV家族中的一名新成员。
在不影响酯酶DMWf18-543蛋白活性前提下,可对SEQ ID NO:2所示的远离催化中心氨基酸位置(优选142-146、238和268氨基酸位置)的氨基酸序列进行各种取代、添加和/或缺失一个或几个氨基酸获得具有酯酶DMWf18-543活性的衍生蛋白质。根据本领域技术的公知常识,蛋白质的生物学活性是和其功能结构域密切相关的。一般来说,只有发生在功能结构域的位点突变可能对蛋白质的二维和三维结构产生影响,从而影响其生物学活性。而对于发生在远离功能结构域(优选远离142-146、238和268位氨基酸位置)的氨基酸位点,由于这一区域不参与蛋白功能构象,因而氨基酸的个别点突变不会对蛋白质的生物学活性产生实质性影响,从而能够基本保留原蛋白质的生物学功能。优选的酯酶DMWf18-543突变体具有至少与SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列90%以上的同源性,更优选具有至少95%以上的同源性,最优选具有至少99%以上的同源性。
同理,本发明还提供了编码如SEQ ID NO.2所示氨基酸序列的基因序列,其与SEQID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列一致;本发明还提供对SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列中除424-438、712-714和802-804位核苷酸外的其他核苷酸进行替换、添加和/或缺失一个或几个核苷酸从而获得编码能基本保留酯酶DMWf18-543蛋白生物学活性的突变体基因。优选的酯酶DMWf18-543突变体基因具有至少与SEQ ID NO:1所示的核苷酸序列90%以上的同源性,更优选具有至少95%以上的同源性,最优选具有至少99%以上的同源性。
利用基因克隆技术,可将克隆到的酯酶DMWf18-543基因连接到合适的载体上,并转化或转染到原核生物或真核生物宿主表达制备重组酯酶DMWf18-543。合适的原核生物宿主包括各种细菌如E.coli等,合适的真核生物宿主包括酵母(如甲醇酵母)及哺乳动物细胞(如中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)等,优选采用原核表达系统E.coli。
合适的载体为本领域技术人员所熟知的各种可商业化购买的原核或真核表达载体,原核表达载体如pET系列载体,pQE系列载体;酵母表达载体pPICZ-α-A,pHIL-D2,pPIC9,pHIL-S1(Invitrogen Corp.San Diego.California.USA);动物细胞表达载体pSVK3、pMSG(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc.USA)等。一个优选的例子是将本发明筛选到羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的编码基因连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a(Novagen)上,并转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,经诱导表达出高活性的重组酯酶。
本发明还提供了羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543或能表达羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的宿主菌在工业上的应用,例如可用于催化酯类水解。通过酯酶活力测定表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543或上述能表达羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的宿主菌可用于水解短链脂肪酸酯,例如C2-C8短碳链脂肪酸酯。优选的短链脂肪酸酯为具有C2-C8短碳链的对硝基苯酚酯,例如对硝基苯酚乙酸酯、对硝基苯酚丁酸酯、对硝基苯酚己酸酯或对硝基苯酚辛酸酯等,其中底物为对硝基苯酚丁酸酯(C4)时催化活性最高,酶活达444U/mg。
羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543催化水解温度范围为15~55℃,优选为30~45℃;所述水解的pH值为5.0~10.0,优选为6.0~8.0。在20℃以下保温2.5h,可保持80%以上的残余酶活;在30℃和40℃中保温2.5h,可保持50%和37%以上的残余酶活。本发明提供的新型羧酸酯酶及其编码基因在医药制备、食品加工及风味改良、废水处理、洗涤行业具有重要的应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为纯化羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的聚乙酰胺凝胶电泳分析图。
图2为羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的底物特异性图。C2:对硝基苯酚乙酸酯;C4:对硝基苯酚丁酸酯、C6:对硝基苯酚己酸酯;C8:对硝基苯酚辛酸酯;C10:对硝基苯酚癸酸酯;定义底物为C4时测定值为100%。
图3为羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应温度图。
图4为羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应pH图。
图5为二价阳离子对羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性影响图。
图6为有机溶剂和去垢剂对羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性影响图。
图7为羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的温度稳定性图。
具体实施方式
实施例1羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543编码基因的获取
深海沉积物样品由深海可视多管取样器采集自太平洋海山边缘。宏基因组文库构建采用CopyControlTM HTP fosmid library production kit(EpicentreBiotechnologies,美国),宿主菌株为E.coli EPI300(Epicentre Biotechnologies,美国),载体为pCC2FOS fosmid vector(Epicentre Biotechnologies,美国)。经脉冲场电泳检测,插入片段大小为36~48kb。取10μl文库菌液稀释至100μl,涂布于羧酸酯酶筛选平板,30℃培养2天。培养基配方为LB培养基(10g/L胰蛋白胨,5g/L酵母抽提物,10g/L氯化钠,pH7.2);灭菌后,无菌条件下加入氯霉素,使其终浓度为12.5μg ml-1。
挑取单克隆并打包,对fosmid打包文库进行测序,拼接后预测开放阅读框并注释基因,从中筛选脂类水解酶相关基因。通过Blastx(http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)比对序列与数据库中已知酯酶基因序列的同源性。经数据库比对分析获得DMWf18-543编码基因,大小为909bp,碱基组成为:148A(16.28%)、146T(16.06%)、327C(35.97%)和288G(31.68%),其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。编码蛋白大小为302个氨基酸残基,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:2所示。将该基因序列在GenBank中进行同源搜索,与之相似性最高的羧酸酯酶也为宏基因组,相似性为81%,其在GenBank数据库中的注册号为AFB82690。
系统发育分析结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543属于脂类水解酶家族中的第IV家族。根据氨基酸序列推测,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的催化中心由丝氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸(氨基酸位置为144、238和268)组成,其中丝氨酸位于甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸(氨基酸位置为142至146)组成的保守区域中,因此羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543属于第IV家族GDSAG亚家族。而氧离子洞位于75和76位两个甘氨酸。
综上所述,DMWf18-543应为脂类水解酶第IV家族中的一名新成员。
实施例2羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的重组表达质粒和重组菌株的构建
将本发明获得的羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543编码基因克隆到表达载体上,构建重组表达菌株。基于NCBI ORF Finder的ORF分析获得的酯酶基因的开放阅读框序列,设计扩增酯酶全基因的上游引物543F(5’-TCGCGGATCCATGGCCAGCCCACAGCT-3’,BamHI)和下游引物543R(5’-TCCGCTCGAGCTAGCGTGCGGCGGCGG-3’,XhoI),针对打包fosmid文库PCR扩增确认基因全长序列。采用酶切克隆的方法构建表达质粒,即用BamHI和XhoI双酶切PCR产物,纯化后的片段与经BamHI和XhoI双酶切的质粒pET28a连接,采用CaCl2转化法转化至E.coli DH5α中,卡那霉素抗性筛选阳性克隆。采用质粒抽提试剂盒(Axygen,美国)提取阳性克隆的质粒,经BamHI和XhoI双酶切鉴定,获得1000bp左右的DNA片段,经测序鉴定为羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543编码基因。将重组表达质粒转化到E.coli Rosetta(DE3)表达菌株中,构建表达重组菌株。
实施例3利用重组表达菌株表达重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543
将构建好的3ml重组表达菌株转接到100ml含有20μg/ml卡那霉素和34μg/ml氯霉素的LB液体培养基中,37℃振荡培养至OD600达到0.6,加入终浓度为0.5mM的IPTG进行诱导表达,转入20℃以150r/min振荡培养8h。低温离心收集菌体,重悬于NTA-10溶液(500mM氯化钠,10mM咪唑,20mM Tris盐酸,pH 8.0)中,在冰上进行超声波破碎处理。低温离心收集上清,采用NTA-Ni2+亲和柱层析纯化表达蛋白。所表达的重组蛋白含有N端的6×His tag,可亲和吸附到层吸柱上,经过不同浓度的咪唑溶液梯度洗脱,收集洗脱液。经SDS-PAGE检测,得到电泳纯的重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543,分子量36kDa左右(图1)。用Lowry法测定蛋白质浓度,得到约2.42mg/100ml发酵液的表达量。
实施例4重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的活性检测
利用对硝基苯酚丁酸酯法测定纯化的羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性。具体操作:1ml反应体系中包括1mM对硝基苯丁酚酸酯,100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0)和48ng纯酶蛋白(为10μl经稀释的纯化酶液),采用紫外可见光分光光度计(Beckman DU800型,美国)于40℃条件下连续测定吸光值A405 2min,使用失活的酶液作为对照用于调零。一个酶活力单位定义为每分钟从对硝基苯酚酯催化产生lμmol对硝基苯酚的所需要的酶量。测得的酯酶活性为444U/mg。
实施例5重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543底物特异性分析
羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的底物特异性分析采用体系:100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0),1mM底物,加入48ng纯酶蛋白,在40℃下连续测定吸光值A405 2min。测定采用的底物为:对硝基苯酚乙酸酯(C2),对硝基苯酚丁酸酯(C4),对硝基苯酚己酸酯(C6),对硝基苯酚辛酸酯(C8),对硝基苯酚癸酸酯(C10)。经测定表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543酰基碳链较短的对硝基苯酚酯(C2、C4、C6和C8)具有催化活性,其中底物为对硝基苯酚丁酸酯(C4)时催化活性最高,较难水解对硝基苯酚癸酸酯(C10)(图2)。结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543对酰基碳链较短脂类物质具有催化活性,对于短链脂类的水解活力优于长链脂类。
实施例6重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应条件分析
羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应温度在15~60℃范围内测定。具体操作为:100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0),1mM对硝基苯酚丁酸酯,加入48ng纯酶蛋白,分别在15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55和60℃条件下连续测定吸光值A405 2min。测定结果表明羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543的反应温度范围为15~55℃,最适反应温度为40℃(图3)。
羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应pH在3.0~10.0范围内测定。具体操作为:在不同pH缓冲液中加入1mM对硝基苯酚丁酸酯和48ng纯酶蛋白,在40℃下连续测定吸光值A348 2min。测定使用的缓冲液为:100mM柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH 5.0~6.0),100mM磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液(pH 6.0~7.5),100mM Tricine缓冲液(pH7.5~9.0)和100mM 2-环己胺基乙磺酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液(pH 9.0~10.0)。测定结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543最适反应pH为7.0,在pH5.0~10.0范围内具有活性(图4)。
实施例7重组羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543酶学稳定性分析
二价阳离子对羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性影响的测定具体操作为:在反应体系中分别加入10mM Co2+、Cu2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Ba2+和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),测定酶活性。测酶活体系为:100mM Tris-盐酸缓冲液(pH 7.5),1mM对硝基苯酚丁酸酯,48ng纯酶蛋白,于40℃下连续测定吸光值A405 2min。测定结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性会被Cu2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Sr2+、Ni2+、Ba2+完全抑制,在Mg2+存在下仍能保持较强活性,在EDTA存在下活性增大(图5)。
有机溶剂和去垢剂对羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性影响的测定具体操作为:在反应体系中分别加入15%(v/v)有机溶剂(异丙醇、乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺)和1%去垢剂(w/v或v/v)(SDS、吐温20、吐温80和Triton X-100),测定酶的活性。测活体系为:100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0),1mM对硝基苯酚丁酸酯,48ng纯酶蛋白,于40℃下连续测定吸光值A405 2min。测定结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性会被SDS完全抑制,在异丙醇、乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮和二甲基亚砜存在下仍能保持较强活性(图6)。
羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543活性的热稳定性测定具体操作为:将酶置于10、20、30、40、50和60℃下保温2.5h,测定酶的活性。测活体系为:100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0),1mM对硝基苯酚丁酸酯,48ng纯酶蛋白,于40℃下连续测定吸光值A405 2min。测定结果表明,羧酸酯酶DMWf18-543在20℃以下保温2.5h,可保持80%以上的残余酶活;在30℃和40℃中保温2.5h,可保持50%和37%以上的残余酶活(图7)。
Claims (14)
1.一种羧酸酯酶,其氨基酸序列与Seq ID NO.2所示序列一致。
2.编码权利要求1所述羧酸酯酶的基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
3.携带有权利要求2所述基因的载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的载体,其特征在于:所述的载体选自pET系列载体,pQE系列载体,酵母表达载体pPICZ-α-A,pHIL-D2,pPIC9,pHIL-S1,动物细胞表达载体pSVK3或pMSG。
5.根据权利要求4所述的载体,其特征在于:所述的载体为大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a。
6.一种宿主,其由权利要求3-5任一项所述的载体经转化或转染原核生物或真核生物宿主得到,其为细菌、酵母或中国仓鼠卵巢细胞。
7.根据权利要求6所述的宿主,其为E.coli细菌或甲醇酵母。
8.权利要求1所述的羧酸酯酶或权利要求6所述的能表达羧酸酯酶的宿主在催化C2-C8短链脂肪酸酯水解中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的C2-C8短链脂肪酸酯为具有C2-C8短碳链的对硝基苯酚酯。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的具有C2-C8短碳链的对硝基苯酚酯为对硝基苯酚乙酸酯、对硝基苯酚丁酸酯、对硝基苯酚己酸酯或对硝基苯酚辛酸酯。
11.根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的羧酸酯酶催化水解温度范围为15~55℃。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的羧酸酯酶催化水解温度范围为30~45℃。
13.根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的羧酸酯酶催化水解的pH值为5.0~10.0。
14.根据权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的羧酸酯酶催化水解pH值为6.0~8.0。
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