CN105496543B - 融合式骨内钉 - Google Patents

融合式骨内钉 Download PDF

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CN105496543B
CN105496543B CN201610094129.2A CN201610094129A CN105496543B CN 105496543 B CN105496543 B CN 105496543B CN 201610094129 A CN201610094129 A CN 201610094129A CN 105496543 B CN105496543 B CN 105496543B
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赵全明
杨惠林
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Nantong First Peoples Hospital
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种融合式骨内钉，涉及骨科医疗器材技术领域。它包括钉杆、和钉杆上端一体设置有钉帽，钉杆中心处在竖直方向上设有惯穿过钉杆的骨水泥通道，钉杆下端为一体设置的网状半球壳；骨水泥通道的下端开口与网状半球壳的空腔导通；钉帽的顶面在轴向上开有圆形凹槽；骨水泥通道的上端开口延伸至圆形凹槽内，圆形凹槽内螺纹连接有封帽，封帽顶面设有十字槽。本发明结构简单，使用方便，通过注入骨水泥可以更好的和人体骨骼固定在一起，不会出现固定不牢固等现象。

Description

融合式骨内钉
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科医疗器材技术领域。
背景技术
人工关节作为一种器官替代物，必然存在磨损与失败的问题，但现代人工关节假体已经能够达到良好的长期生存率。英国国立卫生院（NHS）提出了人工关节置换术的标准，即十年的成功率至少达到90%以上，称为NICE标准。而在临床实践中，已有大量数据表明通过良好的手术技术，选择合适的人工关节假体，在患者的充分配合下，人工关节置换，特别是膝、髋关节置换的20年的优良率可以达到90%以上。如我们所知，在以往的骨科手术和人工关节置换手术中，常常需要用固定钉打入人的骨头里固定人工关节。而以往用的固定钉经常会出现螺纹滑脱或者固定不牢固，经过一段时间后就会出现松动的现象，对人的安全带来极大的隐患。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题，是针对上述存在的技术不足，提供一种融合式骨内钉，其结构简单，使用方便，通过注入骨水泥可以更好的和人体骨骼固定在一起，不会出现固定不牢固等现象。
本发明采用的技术方案是：提供一种融合式骨内钉，包括钉杆、和钉杆上端一体设置有钉帽，钉杆中心处在竖直方向上设有惯穿过钉杆的骨水泥通道，钉杆下端为一体设置的网状半球壳；骨水泥通道的下端开口与网状半球壳的空腔导通；钉帽的顶面在轴向上开有圆形凹槽；骨水泥通道的上端开口延伸至圆形凹槽内，圆形凹槽内螺纹连接有封帽，封帽顶面设有十字槽。
进一步优化本技术方案，融合式骨内钉的钉杆内部在竖直方向上还设有L型通道，L型通道的上端开口位于圆形凹槽内，下部的横向开口位于网状半球壳上部的钉杆的侧壁上。
进一步优化本技术方案，融合式骨内钉的钉杆外表面为螺纹面。
进一步优化本技术方案，融合式骨内钉的钉杆外表面在径向上均匀设有凸棱。
本发明的有益效果是。
与传统的骨内钉不同，本发明中是针对由一类特殊骨钻打出的骨钉孔设置的，该类骨钉孔上部为圆柱形腔，底部为球形空腔，球形空腔的直径大于圆柱形腔的口径。本发明针对这种骨钉孔针对性设计，其打入骨钉孔后，可以通过骨水泥通道向下部网状半球壳内注射骨水泥，将骨钉孔内的血液以及骨骼碎屑从L型通道内排出，在球形空腔内，网状半球壳内外均填充满骨水泥，凝固后骨水泥与网状半球壳融为一体，将装置骨内钉整体固定，这样结构上比传统利用螺纹或者其他结构的骨内钉更加稳固，抗拉性、抗压性均得到提高。
钉杆的外表面选用螺纹面有利于骨内钉的旋入，操作简单方便，并且能够提高骨内钉抗拉抗压性能，能够满足以轴向固定为主的使用要求。
钉杆的外表面还可以选用表面带有凸棱的结构，植入时将其保持竖直打入即可，其径向抗旋转能力强，能够满足以径向固定为主的使用要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2是钉杆外表面为螺纹面时的结构示意图。
图3是钉杆外表面设有凸棱时的结构示意图。
图4是在使用本发明时的结构示意图。
图中，1、钉杆；2、钉帽；3、骨水泥通道；4、L型通道；5、网状半球壳；6、横向开口；7、圆形凹槽；8、封帽；9、十字道；10、凸棱；11、人体骨骼；12、球形空腔；13、软管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一。
如图1、图2、图4所示，融合式骨内钉,包括钉杆1、和钉杆1上端一体设置有钉帽2，钉杆1中心处在竖直方向上设有惯穿过钉杆1的骨水泥通道3，钉杆1下端为一体设置的网状半球壳5；骨水泥通道3的下端开口与网状半球壳5的空腔导通；钉帽2的顶面在轴向上开有圆形凹槽7；骨水泥通道3的上端开口延伸至圆形凹槽7内，圆形凹槽7内螺纹连接有封帽8，封帽8顶面设有十字槽9。钉杆1内部在竖直方向上还设有L型通道4，L型通道4的上端开口位于圆形凹槽7内，下部的横向开口6位于网状半球壳5上部的钉杆1的侧壁上。钉杆1外表面为螺纹面。
与传统的骨内钉不同，本发明中是针对由一类特殊骨钻打出的骨钉孔设置的，该类骨钉孔上部为圆柱形腔14，底部为球形空腔12，球形空腔12的直径大于圆柱形腔14的口径。本发明针对这种骨钉孔针对性设计，其打入骨钉孔后，可以通过骨水泥通道3向下部网状半球壳5内注射骨水泥，将骨钉孔内的血液以及骨骼碎屑从L型通道4内排出，在球形空腔12内，网状半球壳5内外均填充满骨水泥，凝固后骨水泥与网状半球壳5融为一体，将装置骨内钉整体固定，这样结构上比传统利用螺纹或者其他结构的骨内钉更加稳固，抗拉性、抗压性均得到提高。
钉杆1的外表面选用螺纹面有利于骨内钉的旋入，操作简单方便，并且能够提高骨内钉抗拉抗压性能，能够满足以轴向固定为主的使用要求。
本实施在使用时，首先将骨内钉旋入骨钉孔中，然后拧开钉帽2，在骨水泥通道3和L型通道4的开口处均连接上软管13，通过软管向骨水泥通道3内注射骨水泥，骨水泥到达下部的网状半球壳5内后，从网眼内漏出，将球形空腔12内填充满，气体以及血液或者骨骼碎屑从球形空腔12上部的L型通道4下部开口进入，从上方的软管内排出，当软管内排出骨水泥时，说明球形空腔12内已经填实。填实后，将软管13去掉，拧上钉帽2即可。
实施例二。
如图3所示，本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：钉杆1外表面在径向上均匀设有凸棱10。
钉杆1的外表面还可以选用表面带有凸棱10的结构，植入时将其保持竖直打入即可，其径向抗旋转能力强，能够满足以径向固定为主的使用要求。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于一类特殊骨钉孔的融合式骨内钉，该类骨钉孔上部为圆柱形腔，底部为球形空腔，球形空腔的直径大于圆柱形腔的口径，其特征在于：包括钉杆(1)、和钉杆(1)上端一体设置有钉帽(2)，钉杆(1)中心处在竖直方向上设有贯 穿过钉杆(1)的骨水泥通道(3)，钉杆(1)下端为一体设置的网状半球壳(5)；骨水泥通道(3)的下端开口与网状半球壳(5)的空腔导通；钉帽(2)的顶面在轴向上开有圆形凹槽(7)；骨水泥通道(3)的上端开口延伸至圆形凹槽(7)内，圆形凹槽(7)内螺纹连接有封帽(8)，封帽(8)顶面设有十字槽(9)；钉杆(1)内部在竖直方向上还设有L型通道(4)，L型通道(4)的上端开口位于圆形凹槽(7)内，下部的横向开口(6)位于网状半球壳(5)上部的钉杆(1)的侧壁上；在使用时，首先将骨内钉旋入骨钉孔中，然后拧开钉帽，在骨水泥通道和L型通道的开口处均连接上软管，通过软管向骨水泥通道内注射骨水泥，骨水泥到达下部的网状半球壳内后，从网眼内漏出，将球形空腔内填充满，气体以及血液或者骨骼碎屑从球形空腔上部的L型通道下部开口进入，从上方的软管内排出，当软管内排出骨水泥时，说明球形空腔内已经填实；填实后，将软管去掉，拧上钉帽即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的融合式骨内钉，其特征在于：钉杆(1)外表面为螺纹面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的融合式骨内钉，其特征在于：钉杆(1)外表面在径向上均匀设有凸棱(10)。
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