CN105490159A - Femtosecond pulse power magnification method and device based on double-periodicity poled crystals - Google Patents
Femtosecond pulse power magnification method and device based on double-periodicity poled crystals Download PDFInfo
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- CN105490159A CN105490159A CN201610084898.4A CN201610084898A CN105490159A CN 105490159 A CN105490159 A CN 105490159A CN 201610084898 A CN201610084898 A CN 201610084898A CN 105490159 A CN105490159 A CN 105490159A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1305—Feedback control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/163—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix
- H01S3/1645—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix halide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a femtosecond pulse power magnification method and device based on double-periodicity poled crystals and belongs to the field of laser detection. According to the method, based on a femtosecond pulse sequence with extremely low power emitted by a far end, a local femtosecond laser device emits a new pulse sequence back, and a feedback signal is generated by means of the nonlinear effect and birefrigent effect of the periodicity poled crystals for feedback control of the pulse repetition frequency of the local femtosecond laser device, so that the pulse of an output signal coincides with that of the original signal in real time in a locked mode. The femtosecond pulse power magnification device comprises the local femtosecond laser device, a balance photoelectric detection unit, a control unit and a split light path. According to the femtosecond pulse power magnification method and device, femtosecond laser power magnification is achieved, and the pulse time domain information of the original signal is reserved by means of the attosecond-order allan variance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser acquisition field, relate generally to a kind of method of in overlength distance accurate measurement, femtosecond laser power being amplified and device.
Background technology
The measurement of overlength distance precise laser is large-scale science apparatus and the essential key technology of space flight task, and along with the fast development of science and technology, the demand of its ranging and precision is also improving day by day.Such as, the construction of the large-scale science apparatus such as gravitational wave detection is in recent years the study hotspot of countries in the world, the detection of gravitational wave is the direct checking to general theory of relativity prophesy, also be the Direct Test to its core concept, and the quantization and large unified model, research universe Origin and evolution inquiring into gravitational field is significant.The detection of gravitational wave also directly facilitates the birth of gravitational astronomy, make to replace traditional electromagnetic wave means observation universe to become possibility with gravitational wave, this can provide the information that cannot obtain in the past in a large number, for people deepen to provide new approach to the understanding in universe further for us.The ground gravitational waves such as the TAMA300 of the LIGO of the U.S., German GEO600, gondola VIRGO and Japan, ranging can reach tens kilometers; The spatial attraction wave detectors such as the LISA of the U.S., the NGO in Europe, ranging can reach millions of kilometer; And the deep space gravitational wave ranging such as the ASTROD of China and European collaborative will reach more than one hundred million kilometer.In addition, in the space formation flight tasks such as Distributed Small Satellites Synthetic Aperture Radar, each the mutual collaborative work of moonlet, the tasks such as shared signal transacting, communication and payload, traditional large satellite of single identical function can be substituted with lower cost, higher reliability and survival ability, and break through the size restrictions of traditional large satellite, the application of expansion large satellite and performance, comprise earth observation, three-dimensional imaging, accurately location, Atmospheric Survey, astronomical observation and geophysical observatory etc., there is huge Military value and civilian value.But above-mentioned task needs to carry out high-acruracy survey to inter-satellite baseline, and its required precision reaches submillimeter even more high-magnitude, it is even higher that ranging requires then to reach kilometer up to a hundred.
In above-mentioned overlength distance precise laser measurement task, because ranging is remote, with current beam shaping technology, even if the beam divergence angle of emergent light is only several microradian, when arriving remote destination end, hot spot also will spread extremely obvious; Add inevitable optical loss in light path, the heliogram that ranging system finally detects is only a part very little in exited signal.Such as, the system light echo energy in LISA is only 1/1010 of emergent light energy.The too small signal to noise ratio of ranging system that will cause of light echo power significantly reduces, and then range accuracy is significantly declined, and finally cannot meet measurement demand.Therefore, need to carry out power amplification at tested end to the faint light detected.
On the other hand, along with the development of femtosecond laser technology in recent years, femtosecond pulse method of measurement has progressed into the visual field of people.Its main advantage is that pulse energy is very concentrated, can reach high peak power instantaneously.Compared to the continuous wave such as interferometry and two-way interferometry method of measurement, under identical laser average power, system light echo power can improve multiple even more than ten magnitudes, is thus more suitable for overlength distance and measures.Luminous power amplification is carried out on the basis that femtosecond laser is measured, can expand to amplitude peak the ranging of current laser measurement system.
In the communications field, as Chinese patent publication No. CN101997612A, date of publication on March 30th, 2011, invention " optical amplification device and optical repeater ", disclose a kind of optical amplification device based on Er-doped fiber and pump laser and optical repeater, improved the gain of light signal by active mode; And for example Chinese patent publication No. CN102244544A, date of publication on November 16th, 2011, invention " long apart from optical amplification device, PON and optical signal transmission method ", disclose a kind of optical amplification device based on passive optical-fiber network, achieved the long range propagation of optical-fiber network by up-downgoing light signal mode along separate routes.Said method is applicable to fiber optic communication field, but all cannot realize the accurate measurement to light signal, does not also ensure that the time-domain information of power amplification afterpulse is not lost.
In acquisition of signal field, as Chinese patent publication No. CN103475318A, date of publication on December 25th, 2013, invention " a kind of for the optical signal amplification circuit in photometric system ", disclose a kind of for the optical signal amplification circuit in photometric system, achieved the amplification of light signal by electrical method, but when the method is applied in laser measurement field, noise is comparatively large, and is difficult to realize the amplification to femtosecond pulse; And for example Chinese patent publication No. CN103324003A, date of publication on September 25th, 2013, invention " method that nonlinear optics is amplified and signal to noise ratio strengthens of low light signals and device ", disclose a kind of low light signals nonlinear optics amplification method based on partially coherent optical pumping and device, but the method needs to introduce another bundle pump light to be coupled with measured signal, and can not retain the time-domain information of former pulse signal while amp pulse power.
In laser measurement field, as calendar year 2001, SurveysinGeophysics the 22nd volume the 5th phase publishes an article " Unifiedapproachtophoton-countingmicrolaserrangers, transponders, andaltimeters "; And for example 2010, photoelectric project the 37th volume the 5th phase publishes an article " asynchronous response laser ranging technique ", all the pulse power of asynchronous transponder to ranging system is adopted to amplify at tested end, make system light echo power become square attenuation function from the biquadratic attenuation function of tested distance, significantly extend system ranging.But, time domain delay and the nonsynchronous problem of clock is there is in the pulse train after the method amplification compared with former pulse train, the time-domain information of former pulse signal can not be retained while amp pulse power, can only be compensated by other means, cause range accuracy to be difficult to break through millimeter magnitude.
In femtosecond laser range finding field, as 2010, NaturePhotonics the 4th volume the 10th phase published an article " Time-of-flightmeasurementwithfemtosecondlightpulses "; And for example 2012, Acta Physica Sinica the 61st volume the 24th phase publishes an article " any long absolute distance measurement based on femtosecond laser balance optical cross-correlation ", a kind of balance optical cross-correlation method for femtosecond pulse is all proposed, by the time domain locking between ranging pulse and reference pulse, achieve higher range accuracy.But the method is only applied at present in range unit, can not be used for amplifying luminous power.
In sum, lack in laser acquisition field at present and a kind ofly in overlength distance accurate measurement, femtosecond laser power amplified and retain method and the device of pulse temporal information with degree of precision.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned luminous power amplification method and device and can not amplify femtosecond laser power and luminous power amplifies the problems such as afterpulse time-domain information loss, propose and devise a kind of femtosecond pulse power-magnifying method based on double periodicity polarized crystal and device.The nonlinear effect of periodic polarized crystal and birefringence effect is utilized to produce feedback signal, FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out to the pulse repetition frequency of local femto-second laser, while being exaggerated luminous power, remaining the pulse temporal information of original signal with the Allan variance of Ah's second-time.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Based on a femtosecond pulse power-magnifying method for double periodicity polarized crystal, the method step is as follows:
A, the femto-second laser pulse sequence power distally launched are more weak, as input signal; Be divided into two bundles after the femto-second laser pulse sequence that local femto-second laser sends enters light splitting optical path, wherein a beam power is comparatively pretended as output signal, and another beam power is more weak as reference signal;
Balance photoelectric detection unit is entered after reference signal in b, step a and input signal converge, successively by two periodic polarized crystals, and the second harmonic signal that corresponding generation two wavelength reduce by half, and then dichroic mirror is utilized to realize being separated of original signal and second harmonic; Be converted into the signal of telecommunication after two second harmonic signals are detected by two photodetectors respectively to subtract each other;
In c, step b, the output signal of subtracter is as feedback signal, after the filtering of shaping circuit, amplification and shaping, enter control circuit and FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out to the pulse repetition frequency of local femto-second laser, make the pulse of reference signal and input signal in real time overlapping and lock in time domain.
Based on a femtosecond pulse power amplifier device for double periodicity polarized crystal, be made up of local femto-second laser, balance photoelectric detection unit, control unit and light splitting optical path; The laser that far-end and local femto-second laser are launched injects two inputs of light splitting optical path respectively; Two outputs of light splitting optical path point to the input of far-end and balance photoelectric detection unit respectively; The output of balance photoelectric detection unit is connected to the input of control unit; The output of control unit is connected to local femto-second laser.
The structure of described light splitting optical path is: the femtosecond laser that far-end launches enters the input of an optical isolator after beam-expanding collimation device, polarizer and a polarization spectroscope; The laser that local femto-second laser sends is divided into two bundles after spectroscope, a branch of after quarter-wave plate and No. two beam-expanding collimation devices directive far-end, another bundle enters the input of an optical isolator after No. two optical isolators and polarization spectroscope.
The structure of described balance photoelectric detection unit is: light signal directive dichroic mirror after lens, a periodic polarized crystal and No. two lens that an optical isolator exports; The reverberation of a dichroic mirror injects the input of a photodetector, transmitted light directive No. two dichroic mirrors after No. three lens, No. two periodic polarized crystals and No. four lens of a dichroic mirror; The reverberation of No. two dichroic mirrors injects the input of No. two photodetectors, and the transmitted light of No. two dichroic mirrors directly penetrates system; The output of a photodetector and No. two photodetectors is connected to the input of subtracter; The output of subtracter is connected to the input of shaping circuit.The nonlinear optical material of a described periodic polarized crystal and No. two periodic polarized crystal employings is lithium iodate.
The present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect:
(1) local femto-second laser is utilized to achieve active amplification to input signal power, the different cycles launched for far-end, the femtosecond pulse of different capacity, the pulse period of output signal is identical with original signal, and the power exporting pulse is adjustable constant and does not limit by noise and enlargement ratio.
(2) nonlinear effect of periodic polarized crystal and birefringence effect is utilized to produce feedback signal, by the FEEDBACK CONTROL to local femto-second laser pulse repetition frequency, achieve output signal to lock the high accuracy of input signal pulse train, remain the pulse temporal information of input signal with the Allan variance of Ah's second-time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is General allocation structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure, piece number illustrates: 1 balance photoelectric detection unit, 2 control units, 3 local femto-second lasers, 4 light splitting optical paths, No. 5 beam-expanding collimation devices, 6 polarizers, 7 polarization spectroscopes, No. 8 optical isolators, No. 9 lens, No. 10 periodic polarized crystals, 11 No. two lens, No. 12 dichroic mirrors, 13 No. three lens, 14 No. two periodic polarized crystals, 15 No. four lens, 16 No. two dichroic mirrors, 17 No. two photodetectors, 18 shaping circuits, 19 subtracters, 20 control circuits, No. 21 photodetectors, 22 spectroscopes, 23 quarter-wave plates, 24 No. two beam-expanding collimation devices, 25 No. two optical isolators.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
The femtosecond pulse power amplifier device based on double periodicity polarized crystal of the present embodiment, Fig. 1 is its General allocation structure schematic diagram, Fig. 2 is its apparatus structure schematic diagram, and this device is made up of local femto-second laser 3, balance photoelectric detection unit 1, control unit 2 and light splitting optical path 4; The laser that far-end and local femto-second laser 3 are launched injects two inputs of light splitting optical path 4 respectively; Two outputs of light splitting optical path 4 point to the input of far-end and balance photoelectric detection unit 1 respectively; The output of balance photoelectric detection unit 1 is connected to the input of control unit 2; The output of control unit 2 is connected to local femto-second laser 3.
The structure of described light splitting optical path 4 is: the femtosecond laser that far-end launches enters the input of an optical isolator 8 after a beam-expanding collimation device 5, polarizer 6 and polarization spectroscope 7; The laser that local femto-second laser 3 sends is divided into two bundles after spectroscope 22, a branch of after quarter-wave plate 23 and No. two beam-expanding collimation devices 24 directive far-end, another bundle enters the input of an optical isolator 8 after No. two optical isolators 25 and polarization spectroscope 7.
The structure of described balance photoelectric detection unit 1 is: light signal directive dichroic mirror 12 after lens 9, periodic polarized crystal 10 and No. two lens 11 that an optical isolator 8 exports; The reverberation of a dichroic mirror 12 injects the input of a photodetector 21, transmitted light directive No. two dichroic mirrors 16 after No. three lens 13, No. two periodic polarized crystals 14 and No. four lens 15 of a dichroic mirror 12; The reverberation of No. two dichroic mirrors 16 injects the input of No. two photodetectors 17, and the transmitted light of No. two dichroic mirrors 16 directly penetrates system; The output of a photodetector 21 and No. two photodetectors 17 is connected to the input of subtracter 19; The output of subtracter 19 is connected to the input of shaping circuit 18.The nonlinear optical material of a described periodic polarized crystal 10 and No. two periodic polarized crystal 14 employings is lithium iodate, and its beneficial effect is: transmission region is wide, and energy conversion efficiency is high, and is easy to preparation.
The femtosecond pulse power-magnifying method based on double periodicity polarized crystal of the present embodiment, the method step is as follows:
A, the femto-second laser pulse sequence S wavelength X of distally launching are 1550nm; Pulse repetition frequency f is 100MHz; Pulse period T is 10
-8s; Pulse duration w is 10fs; Average light power
for 1W; Pulse peak power P is 10
6w; This signal and peak power thereof can be expressed as:
S＝Σ
nE(t-nT)(1)
Wherein, n is pulse sequence number, and E is the individual pulse electric field expression formula of signal S.For spatial attraction ripple detection mission, S arrives after tested end through the distance of 5,300,000 kilometers under vacuum, and its luminous power and propagation distance are that quadratic relationship acutely decays.The signal detected is as the input signal S of luminous power amplifying device
in, its pulse peak power P
inbe 1 μ W, and create flight time delay T compared to S
delay.S
inand pulse peak power can be expressed as:
S
in＝Σ
nE
in(t-nT-T
delay)(3)
Wherein, E
infor the individual pulse electric field expression formula of input signal, transmissivity of optical system η is 0.5, and optical system bore d is 0.3m, and beam divergence angle θ is 0.00004, and the propagation distance D of light is 5.3 × 10
6km.S
inafter a beam-expanding collimation device 5 and polarizer 6, become P light from circularly polarized light, after polarization spectroscope 7 transmission, enter again the input of an optical isolator 8.
On the other hand, the femtosecond laser that sends of local femto-second laser 3 is as local signal S '.First its wavelength X is set ' be 1550nm; Pulse repetition frequency f ' is 100MHz about; Pulse period T ' about 10
-8s; Pulse duration w ' is 10fs; Average light power
for 1W; Pulse peak power P ' is 10
6w; In addition, S ' and S
inbetween exist a uncertain time domain delay Δ t; S ' can be expressed as:
S′＝Σ
nE′(t-nT′-T
delay-Δt)(5)
Wherein, E ' the individual pulse electric field expression formula that is local signal.S ' is S light, first enters light splitting optical path 4, after spectroscope 22, be divided into two-beam; Wherein account for a branch of as output signal S of most luminous power
out, its average light power
about 1W; Pulse peak power P
outabout 10
6w; The conduct reference signal S that another optical power beam is less
ref, its pulse peak power P
refbe 1 μ W; S
outand S
refcan be expressed as respectively:
S
out＝Σ
nE
out(t-nT′-T
delay-Δt)(6)
S
ref＝Σ
nE
ref(t-nT′-T
delay-Δt)(7)
Wherein, E
out, E
refbe respectively the individual pulse electric field expression formula of output signal and reference signal.S
outfor P light, after quarter-wave plate 23, become circularly polarized light, again directive far-end after No. two beam-expanding collimation device 24 beam-expanding collimations; S
refs light, the input of a directive optical isolator 8 after the reflection of No. two optical isolators 25 and polarization spectroscope 7.
S in b, step a
refand S
inafter converging, inject balance photoelectric detection unit 1 from an optical isolator 8; The orthogonal S of polarization state
refand S
infirst enter a periodic polarized crystal 10 through lens 9, and produce the second harmonic signal S that wavelength reduces by half
sec1; Subsequently, S
ref, S
inand S
sec1common through No. two lens 11 directives dichroic mirror 12; Wherein, the S of wavelength 775nm
sec1directive photodetector 21 after a dichroic mirror 12 reflects, the S of wavelength 1550nm
refand S
inafter the transmission of a dichroic mirror 12, enter No. two periodic polarized crystals 14 through No. three lens 13 again, and produce the second harmonic signal S that wavelength reduces by half
sec2; Subsequently, S
ref, S
inand S
sec2common through No. four lens 15 directives No. two dichroic mirrors 16; Wherein, the S of wavelength 1550nm
refand S
indirectly system is transmitted, the second harmonic signal S of wavelength 775nm through No. two dichroic mirrors 16
sec2directive No. two photodetectors 17 after No. two dichroic mirrors 16 reflect; Meanwhile, the S that will detect of a photodetector 21 and No. two photodetectors 17
sec1and S
sec2be converted to the signal of telecommunication and export subtracter 19 to and subtract each other.
The output signal S of subtracter 19 in c, step b
fbas feedback signal, enter shaping circuit 18, after filtering, amplify and enter control circuit 20 after shaping; Produce control signal by control circuit 20, FEEDBACK CONTROL is carried out to the pulse repetition frequency f ' of local femto-second laser 3, make the pulse of reference signal and input signal in real time overlapping and lock in time domain, that is:
S
ref＝Σ
nE
ref(t-nT-T
delay)(8)
And then, for the input signal S of different capacity
in, output signal S
outluminous power be adjustable constant, in the present embodiment, P is set
out=1W,
and remain original signal time-domain information with the Allan variance of Ah's second-time, that is:
S
out＝Σ
nE
out(t-nT-T
delay)(9)
Claims (3)
1. based on the femtosecond pulse power-magnifying method of double periodicity polarized crystal, it is characterized in that: the method step is as follows:
A, the femto-second laser pulse sequence power distally launched are more weak, as input signal; Be divided into two bundles after the femto-second laser pulse sequence that local femto-second laser (3) sends enters light splitting optical path (4), wherein a beam power is comparatively pretended as output signal, and another beam power is more weak as reference signal;
Enter after reference signal in b, step a and input signal converge and balance photoelectric detection unit (1), successively by two periodic polarized crystals (10,14), and the second harmonic signal that corresponding generation two wavelength reduce by half, and then dichroic mirror (12,16) is utilized to realize being separated of original signal and second harmonic; Be converted into the signal of telecommunication after two second harmonic signals are detected by two photodetectors (21,17) respectively to subtract each other;
In c, step b, the output signal of subtracter (19) is as feedback signal, after filtering through shaping circuit (18), amplification and shaping, enter the pulse repetition frequency of control circuit (20) to local femto-second laser (3) and carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL, make the pulse of reference signal and input signal in real time overlapping and lock in time domain.
2. based on a femtosecond pulse power amplifier device for double periodicity polarized crystal, it is characterized in that: it is made up of local femto-second laser (3), balance photoelectric detection unit (1), control unit (2) and light splitting optical path (4); The laser that far-end and local femto-second laser (3) are launched injects two inputs of light splitting optical path (4) respectively; Two outputs of light splitting optical path (4) point to the input of far-end and balance photoelectric detection unit (1) respectively; The output of balance photoelectric detection unit (1) is connected to the input of control unit (2); The output of control unit (2) is connected to local femto-second laser (3);
The structure of described light splitting optical path (4) is: the femtosecond laser that far-end launches enters the input of an optical isolator (8) after a beam-expanding collimation device (5), polarizer (6) and polarization spectroscope (7); The laser that local femto-second laser (3) sends is divided into two bundles after spectroscope (22), a branch of after quarter-wave plate (23) and No. two beam-expanding collimation devices (24) directive far-end, another bundle enters the input of an optical isolator (8) after No. two optical isolators (25) and polarization spectroscope (7);
The structure of described balance photoelectric detection unit (1) is: light signal directive dichroic mirror (12) after a lens (9), a periodic polarized crystal (10) and No. two lens (11) that an optical isolator (8) exports; The reverberation of a dichroic mirror (12) injects the input of a photodetector (21), transmitted light directive No. two dichroic mirrors (16) after No. three lens (13), No. two periodic polarized crystals (14) and No. four lens (15) of a dichroic mirror (12); The reverberation of No. two dichroic mirrors (16) injects the input of No. two photodetectors (17), and the transmitted light of No. two dichroic mirrors (16) directly penetrates system; The output of a photodetector (21) and No. two photodetectors (17) is connected to the input of subtracter (19); The output of subtracter (19) is connected to the input of shaping circuit (18).
3. the femtosecond pulse power amplifier device based on double periodicity polarized crystal according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the nonlinear optical material that a described periodic polarized crystal (10) and No. two periodic polarized crystals (14) adopt is lithium iodate.
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2016
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| WO2002029945A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | The Johns Hopkins University | A compact, highly efficient and rugged uv source based on fiber laser |
| WO2008153594A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-12-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Compact background-free balanced cross-correlators |
| CN101997612A (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-03-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical amplification device and optical repeater |
| KR101109001B1 (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-01-31 | 한국과학기술원 | High resolution time-of-flight distance measurement based on a femtosecond laser |
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