CN105489253B - The freezing targeting system and its operating method studied for liquid deuterium state equation - Google Patents
The freezing targeting system and its operating method studied for liquid deuterium state equation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105489253B CN105489253B CN201510858960.6A CN201510858960A CN105489253B CN 105489253 B CN105489253 B CN 105489253B CN 201510858960 A CN201510858960 A CN 201510858960A CN 105489253 B CN105489253 B CN 105489253B
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- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of freezing targeting system studied for liquid deuterium state equation, the system includes liquid-deuterium target, liquid-deuterium target monitoring system, inflation exchange system, vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system and TT＆C system；Liquid-deuterium target includes target core, pad, detection window, incidence window and gas tube, and liquid-deuterium target monitoring system includes helium mass spectrometer leak detector, parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser velocity interferometer；The leak rate that helium mass spectrometer leak detector is used for liquid-deuterium target is detected, deuterium liquefied process in liquid-deuterium target in parallel light tube and Visible-light CCD video camera Observable temperature-fall period, laser velocity interferometer is used for the detection of liquid-deuterium target detection window surface residual reflectivity, judges whether target meets requirement of experiment；The present invention obtains high-purity deuterium by substitution gas by liquid-deuterium target, obtains low temperature environment using GM refrigeration machine coolings, allows deuterium to be liquefied in liquid-deuterium target, by TT＆C system by liquid deuterium temperature-controllable and stably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology application of vacuum and low temperature technology and deuterium performance, and in particular to one kind is used for liquid deuterium state side
The freezing targeting system and its operating method of journey research, targeting system is freezed by designing and preparing a set of liquid deuterium, with applied to
The experiment of liquid deuterium is practiced shooting in laser equation of state research, obtains the state equation parameter of liquid deuterium.
Background technology
Deuterium is the important fuel material in laser-produced fusion experiment, has higher initial fuel density under low temperature, relatively low
The pre- thermal sensitivity of shock wave, thus research low temperature under liquid deuterium state equation, to igniting target parameter designing, implosion compression process and
Effect and final realize light a fire significant.
To realize that the laser equation of state experiment under the conditions of liquid deuterium practices shooting research, it is necessary to set up a set of liquid deuterium freezing target practice system
System.At present, preparation solution deuterium cryogenic target mainly has three difficult points, first, the three phase point of deuterium be 18.7K, liquefaction point temperature is very low,
It is related to vacuum and low temperature technology；Secondth, the small volume of liquid-deuterium target, complicated, requirement height are, it is necessary to Precision Machining and assembling；3rd,
The accommodating chamber of liquid-deuterium target is initially air and high pure deuterium gas is filled with liquid-deuterium target, it is necessary to be realized by the inflation displacement of deuterium.
The content of the invention
For difficult point present in prior art, the present invention provides a kind of freezing target practice studied for liquid deuterium state equation
System and its operating method, high-quality and high-precision laser equation of state is resulted in by the freezing targeting system of the present invention
Experimental data.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of freezing targeting system studied for liquid deuterium state equation, the system includes liquid-deuterium target, liquid-deuterium target monitoring system
System, inflation exchange system, vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system and TT＆C system；
The liquid-deuterium target includes offering circle on target core, pad, detection window, incidence window and gas tube, the target core
Hole, the circular hole is coaxially disposed with target core, and connecting hole is provided with the side wall of target core, and the connecting hole and circular hole are communicated, and is inflated
Pipe, using being threadedly coupled, is provided with annular left side wall and annular right side wall, the annular with connecting hole on circular-hole internal-wall
Left side wall and annular right side wall are perpendicular with circular-hole internal-wall, the incidence window, detection window, annular left side wall and circle
Accommodating chamber is formed between annular right side wall；
The liquid-deuterium target monitoring system includes helium mass spectrometer leak detector, parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser speed
Interferometer；
The inflation exchange system is included on the first tracheae being connected with gas tube in liquid-deuterium target, first tracheae successively
Provided with first pressure table, choke valve, threeway I and threeway II, the threeway I is connected with deuterium source, one end of the threeway II with
Molecule pump assembly is connected, the other end of threeway II is connected with helium mass spectrometer leak detector in liquid-deuterium target monitoring system；
The vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system includes vacuum target chamber, in vacuum target chamber lower inside provided with governor motion, in tune
Save mechanism and be provided with refrigeration machine, lay liquid-deuterium target in the end of the target holder of refrigeration machine, CX1050 TEMPs are provided with target holder
Device, the temperature sensor is connected with TT＆C system, measurement accuracy 0.01K, temperature-controlled precision 0.03K, in the bottom of vacuum target chamber
Provided with the second tracheae being connected with vacuum target chamber, vavuum pump is sequentially provided with the second tracheae and for detecting vacuum target chamber
Second pressure table, the TT＆C system is connected by power line with first pressure table, choke valve respectively, and TT＆C system is used to show
The flow velocity of pressure and control choke valve on pressure gauge, the TT＆C system passes through power line and refrigeration machine phase in vacuum target chamber
Even, the unlatching for controlling refrigeration machine.
The target core is made using oxygen-free high conductivity type copper material, the cold of refrigeration machine can be passed to speed into target core faster
Interior deuterium, makes deuterium liquefy.
The detection window includes the first cylinder and the second cylinder being coaxially disposed, and passes through dual cylinders structure-controllable
System accommodates the thickness of intraluminal fluid deuterium, to meet the demand of experiment, and anti-reflection film, increase transmission are coated with the surface of dual cylinders structure
Rate.
The gas tube is made using stainless steel capillary, is conducive to the fixation of target core, and gas tube formation gaseous matter
The passage of accommodating chamber is passed in and out, precooling can be carried out to the gas entered in accommodating chamber, while can prevent gas from entering receiving
Just liquefied before chamber and block pore.
It is less than the liquefied temperature of deuterium to obtain, the refrigeration machine is SUMITOMO CHEMICAL SRDK-408S GM refrigeration machines, institute
Two grades of cold head colds for stating GM refrigeration machines are 5.4W@10K.
A kind of operating method that freezing targeting system is studied for liquid deuterium state equation, comprises the following steps：
The first step, the assembling of liquid-deuterium target：Incidence window is placed in the outside of annular left side wall, in the outside of incidence window
Pad is loaded onto, is then sealed with low temperature glue；Second step, will be placed in annular right side wall one on the left of the first cylinder of detection window
Pad is loaded onto on the right side of side, the first cylinder of detection window, is then sealed with low temperature glue, gas tube is passed through spiral shell by the 3rd step
Line connection is connected with connecting hole, is then sealed with low temperature glue, using low between the incidence window and detection window and pad
Warm glue sealing；
Second step, installation, the debugging of system：
A, first, the regulation of liquid-deuterium target position is carried out by governor motion, by being all around the adjustment of locus,
By liquid-deuterium target position coarse adjustment to target position, then liquid-deuterium target is placed in one end of target holder, by filling for the first tracheae and liquid-deuterium target
Tracheae is connected, and first pressure table, choke valve, threeway I and threeway II is sequentially arranged on the first tracheae respectively, by deuterium source
It is connected in threeway I, molecule pump assembly is connected to a port of threeway II, helium mass spectrometer leak detector is connected to the another of threeway II
A port；Temperature sensor is set on the target holder of refrigeration machine, temperature sensor is connected with TT＆C system, by second pressure
Table and vavuum pump are successively set on the second tracheae；
B, by helium mass spectrometer leak detector liquid-deuterium target is hunted leak：First turn on helium mass spectrometer leak detector, waiting system preheating
Terminate, open the threeway I on the first tracheae being connected with helium mass spectrometer leak detector and threeway II and choke valve, start by helium mass spectrum
Feeler switch on leak detector starts to evacuate leak detection, and the change of helium observation leak rate is sprayed at liquid-deuterium target edge and the leakage of liquid-deuterium target is recorded
Rate, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is less than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is small, and available for testing, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is higher than
10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is big, be not useable for experiment；
3rd step, inflation displacement；Threeway I, threeway II and the choke valve being connected with molecule pump assembly are opened successively, are opened and are divided
Sub- pump assembly is evacuated by the first tracheae to liquid-deuterium target, and pressure is evacuated to less than 10-4Pa, closes choke valve, opens and deuterium
The connected threeway I of source of the gas and choke valve, then open deuterium source, are filled with deuterium to liquid-deuterium target by the first tracheae, are charged to pressure
For 1.2-1.5atm, choke valve is then shut off, pressurize 5-10min circulates pumping repeatedly according to above-mentioned flow, inflates 5-8 times, most
Open the threeway I being connected with deuterium source and choke valve again afterwards, deuterium is filled with to liquid-deuterium target by the first tracheae, be filled with the pressure of deuterium
Power is 1.2-1.5atm, finally closes choke valve and deuterium source；
4th step, vacuumizes and cools to vacuum target chamber：Vavuum pump is opened, the pressure in vacuum target chamber is evacuated to 10-2Pa,
It is then turned on refrigeration machine, freeze 70-80min, until the temperature of temperature sensor is reduced to precooling temperature 25K, then progressively temperature control
To the temperature of target core to 20 K-22 K, the deuterium in the liquid-deuterium target starts liquefaction, and the cooling of the deuterium and liquefying time are
1.5-2h, observes the liquid of deuterium in deuterium liquefaction process by the use parallel light tube of vacuum target chamber, Visible-light CCD video camera
Change process, laser velocity interferometer is used to detect that detection window surface residual reflectivity judges whether liquid-deuterium target meets experiment and want
Ask, temperature-controlled precision is ± 0.03K in the deuterium liquefaction process, and liquid-deuterium target then is adjusted into target spot again by governor motion
Position.
The technical scheme is that allowing liquid-deuterium target to obtain high-purity deuterium by the method for substitution gas, freezed using GM
Mechanism cold obtains low temperature environment, allows deuterium to be liquefied in liquid-deuterium target and keeps liquid until laser target shooting terminates.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of whole system in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquid-deuterium target.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of target core.
Embodiment
We are with reference to accompanying drawing below and implement target practice flow the present invention will be further described, in the hope of becoming apparent from understanding that its is tied
Structure and the course of work, but should not be to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As Figure 1-3, the present embodiment is used for the freezing targeting system that liquid deuterium state equation is studied, and the system includes liquid deuterium
Target 1, liquid-deuterium target target monitoring system, inflation exchange system, vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system and TT＆C system 18；
The liquid-deuterium target 1 includes target core 1-1, pad 1-2, detection window 1-3, incidence window 1-4 and gas tube 1-5, institute
State and circular hole 1-6 is offered on target core 1-1, the circular hole 1-6 is coaxially disposed with target core 1-1, provided with company on target core 1-1 side wall
Hole 1-7 is met, the connecting hole 1-7 and circular hole 1-6 are communicated, and gas tube 1-5 is connected with connecting hole 1-7, are set in target core 1-1 inwalls
There are annular left side wall 1-8 and annular right side wall 1-9, the incidence window 1-4, detection window 1-3, annular left side wall 1-
Accommodating chamber 1-10 is formed between 8 and annular right side wall 1-9；The liquid-deuterium target monitoring system includes helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2, parallel
Light pipe, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser velocity interferometer；The inflation exchange system includes and gas tube 1-5 in liquid-deuterium target 1
First pressure table 4, choke valve 5, threeway I 6 and threeway II 7, institute are sequentially provided with the first connected tracheae 3, first tracheae 3
State threeway I 6 with deuterium source 8 to be connected, one end of the threeway II 7 is connected with molecule pump assembly 9, the other end and liquid of threeway II 7
Helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 is connected in deuteron target monitoring system；The vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system includes vacuum target chamber 10, in vacuum target chamber
10 lower insides are provided with refrigeration machine 12 provided with governor motion 11, on governor motion, in the end cloth of the target holder 13 of refrigeration machine 12
If liquid-deuterium target, temperature sensor 14 is provided with target holder 13, the temperature sensor 14 is connected with TT＆C system, in vacuum target chamber
10 bottom is provided with the second tracheae 15 being connected with vacuum target chamber 10, and second pressure table 16 is sequentially provided with the second tracheae 15
With vavuum pump 17, the TT＆C system 18 is connected by power line with first pressure table 4, choke valve 5 respectively；In the vacuum target
Room 10 is provided with the pressure gauge for being used for detecting vacuum target chamber 10.
As the preferred of the present embodiment, the target core 1-1 is made using oxygen-free high conductivity type copper material；Gas tube 1-5 is not using
The steel wool tubule that becomes rusty makes；The detection window 1-3 includes the first cylinder 31 and the second cylinder 32 being coaxially disposed, by adjusting
The thickness of the second cylinder 32 is saved, so that the regulation of the thickness of accommodating chamber is realized, to meet the experiment demand of different-thickness liquid deuterium.
As the further preferred of the present embodiment, to ensure refrigeration, the refrigeration machine is GM refrigeration machines, the GM systems
Two grades of cold head colds of cold are 5.4W@10K.
The present embodiment is used for the operating method that liquid deuterium state equation studies freezing targeting system, comprises the following steps：
The first step, the assembling of liquid-deuterium target：Incidence window 1-4 is placed in annular left side wall 1-8 outside, in incidence window
Pad 1-2 is loaded onto on the outside of 1-4, is then sealed with low temperature glue；Second step, by the detection window 1-3 left side of the first cylinder 31
Annular right side wall 1-9 sides are placed in, the right side of detection window 1-3 the first cylinder 31 loads onto pad 1-2, then uses low temperature
Glue is sealed, and gas tube 1-5 is connected through a screw thread and is connected with connecting hole 1-7, then sealed with low temperature glue by the 3rd step, it is described enter
Penetrate between window 1-4 and detection window 1-3 and pad 1-2 and sealed using low temperature glue；
Second step, installation, the debugging of system：
A, first, the regulation of liquid-deuterium target position is carried out by governor motion 11, by the tune for being all around locus
It is whole, by liquid-deuterium target position coarse adjustment to target position, then liquid-deuterium target 1 is placed in one end of target holder 13, by the first tracheae 3 and liquid deuterium
The gas tube 1-5 of target 1 is connected, and by first pressure table 4, choke valve 5, threeway I 6 and threeway II 7, the first gas is sequentially arranged at respectively
On pipe 3, deuterium source 8 is connected in threeway I 6, molecule pump assembly 9 is connected to a port of threeway II 7, helium mass spectrum leak detection
Instrument 2 is connected to another port of threeway II 7；Temperature sensor 14 is set on the target holder 13 of refrigeration machine 12, by TEMP
Device 14 is connected with TT＆C system 18, and second pressure table 16 and vavuum pump 17 are successively set on the second tracheae 15；
B, by helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 liquid-deuterium target 1 is hunted leak：Helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 is first turned on, waiting system is pre-
Thermojunction beam, opens the threeway I 6, threeway II 7 and the choke valve 5 that are connected with helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 on first tracheae 3 successively, start by
Feeler switch on helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 starts to evacuate leak detection, and the change of helium observation leak rate is sprayed at liquid-deuterium target edge and liquid is recorded
The leak rate of deuteron target, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is less than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is small, available for testing, liquid-deuterium target
Leak rate is higher than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is big, be not useable for experiment；
3rd step, inflation displacement；Threeway I 6, threeway II 7 and the choke valve 5 being connected with molecule pump assembly 9 are opened successively, are opened
Open molecule pump assembly 9 to be evacuated liquid-deuterium target 1 by the first tracheae 3, pressure is evacuated to less than 10-4Pa, closes choke valve 5,
The threeway I 6 being connected with deuterium source 8 and choke valve 5 are opened, deuterium source 8 is then opened, liquid-deuterium target is filled with by the first tracheae 3
Deuterium, is charged to pressure for 1.2atm, is then shut off choke valve 5, and pressurize 10min is evacuated, inflated repeatedly according to the circulation of above-mentioned flow
8 times, the threeway I 6 being connected with deuterium source 8 and choke valve 5 are finally opened again, and deuterium is filled with to liquid-deuterium target by the first tracheae 3, filled
The pressure for entering deuterium is 1.2atm, finally closes choke valve 5 and deuterium source 8；
4th step, vacuumizes and cools to vacuum target chamber：Vavuum pump 17 is opened, the pressure in vacuum target chamber 10 is evacuated to
10-2Pa, is then turned on refrigeration machine 12, and freeze 70min, until the temperature of temperature sensor is reduced to precooling temperature 25K, then progressively
Temperature control is to target core 1-1 temperature to 22K, and the deuterium in the liquid-deuterium target starts liquefaction, the cooling of the deuterium and liquefying time
For 1.5h, pass through the use parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser speed of vacuum target chamber 10 in deuterium liquefaction process
Interferometer observes the liquefaction process of deuterium, and laser velocity interferometer is used to detect that detection window 1-3 surface residuals reflectivity judges
It is ± 0.03K that whether liquid-deuterium target, which meets temperature-controlled precision in requirement of experiment, the deuterium liquefaction process, then again by regulation machine
Liquid-deuterium target is adjusted to target position by structure.
Embodiment 2
As Figure 1-3, the present embodiment is used for the freezing targeting system that liquid deuterium state equation is studied, and the system includes liquid deuterium
Target 1, liquid-deuterium target monitoring system, inflation exchange system, vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system and TT＆C system 18；
The liquid-deuterium target 1 includes target core 1-1, pad 1-2, detection window 1-3, incidence window 1-4 and gas tube 1-5, institute
State and circular hole 1-6 is offered on target core 1-1, the circular hole 1-6 is coaxially disposed with target core 1-1, provided with company on target core 1-1 side wall
Hole 1-7 is met, the connecting hole 1-7 and circular hole 1-6 are communicated, and gas tube 1-5 is connected with connecting hole 1-7, are set in target core 1-1 inwalls
There are annular left side wall 1-8 and annular right side wall 1-9, the incidence window 1-4, detection window 1-3, annular left side wall 1-
Accommodating chamber 1-10 is formed between 8 and annular right side wall 1-9；The liquid-deuterium target monitoring system includes helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2, parallel
Light pipe, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser velocity interferometer；The inflation exchange system includes and gas tube 1-5 in liquid-deuterium target 1
First pressure table 4, choke valve 5, threeway I 6 and threeway II 7, institute are sequentially provided with the first connected tracheae 3, first tracheae 3
State threeway I 6 with deuterium source 8 to be connected, one end of the threeway II 7 is connected with molecule pump assembly 9, the other end and liquid of threeway II 7
Helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 is connected in deuteron target monitoring system；The vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system includes vacuum target chamber 10, in vacuum target chamber
10 lower insides are provided with refrigeration machine 12 provided with governor motion 11, on governor motion, in the end cloth of the target holder 13 of refrigeration machine 12
If liquid-deuterium target, temperature sensor 14 is provided with target holder 13, the temperature sensor 14 is connected with TT＆C system, in vacuum target chamber
10 bottom is provided with the second tracheae 15 being connected with vacuum target chamber 10, and second pressure table 16 is sequentially provided with the second tracheae 15
With vavuum pump 17, the TT＆C system 18 is connected by power line with first pressure table 4, choke valve 5 respectively；In the vacuum target
Room 10 is provided with the pressure gauge for being used for detecting vacuum target chamber 10.
As the preferred of the present embodiment, the target core 1-1 is made using oxygen-free high conductivity type copper material；Gas tube 1-5 is not using
The steel wool tubule that becomes rusty makes；The detection window 1-3 includes the first cylinder 31 and the second cylinder 32 being coaxially disposed, by adjusting
The thickness of the second cylinder 32 is saved, so that the regulation of the thickness of accommodating chamber is realized, to meet the experiment demand of different-thickness liquid deuterium.
As the further preferred of the present embodiment, to ensure refrigeration, the refrigeration machine is GM refrigeration machines, the GM systems
Two grades of cold head colds of cold are 5.4W@10K.
The present embodiment is used for the operating method for the freezing targeting system that liquid deuterium state equation is studied, and comprises the following steps：
The first step, the assembling of liquid-deuterium target：Incidence window 1-4 is placed in annular left side wall 1-8 outside, in incidence window
Pad 1-2 is loaded onto on the outside of 1-4, is then sealed with low temperature glue；Second step, by the detection window 1-3 left side of the first cylinder 31
Annular right side wall 1-9 sides are placed in, the right side of detection window 1-3 the first cylinder 31 loads onto pad 1-2, then uses low temperature
Glue is sealed, and gas tube 1-5 is connected through a screw thread and is connected with connecting hole 1-7, then sealed with low temperature glue by the 3rd step, it is described enter
Penetrate between window 1-4 and detection window 1-3 and pad 1-2 and sealed using low temperature glue；
Second step, installation, the debugging of system：
A, first, the regulation of liquid-deuterium target position is carried out by governor motion 11, by the tune for being all around locus
It is whole, by liquid-deuterium target position coarse adjustment to target position, then liquid-deuterium target 1 is placed in one end of target holder 13, by the first tracheae 3 and liquid deuterium
The gas tube 1-5 of target 1 is connected, and by first pressure table 4, choke valve 5, threeway I 6 and threeway II 7, the first gas is sequentially arranged at respectively
On pipe 3, deuterium source 8 is connected in threeway I 6, molecule pump assembly 9 is connected to a port of threeway II 7, helium mass spectrum leak detection
Instrument 2 is connected to another port of threeway II 7；Temperature sensor 14 is set on the target holder 13 of refrigeration machine 12, by TEMP
Device 14 is connected with TT＆C system 18, and second pressure table 16 and vavuum pump 17 are successively set on the second tracheae 15；
B, by helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 liquid-deuterium target 1 is hunted leak：Helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 is first turned on, waiting system is pre-
Thermojunction beam, opens threeway I 6 and threeway II 7 and the choke valve 5 being connected with helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2 on first tracheae 3, starts successively
Start to evacuate leak detection by the feeler switch on helium mass spectrometer leak detector 2, change and the record of helium observation leak rate are sprayed at liquid-deuterium target edge
The leak rate of liquid-deuterium target, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is less than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is small, available for testing, liquid-deuterium target
Leak rate be higher than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is big, be not useable for experiment；
3rd step, inflation displacement；Threeway I 6, threeway II 7 and the choke valve 5 being connected with molecule pump assembly 9 are opened successively, are opened
Open molecule pump assembly 9 to be evacuated liquid-deuterium target 1 by the first tracheae 3, pressure is evacuated to less than 10-4Pa, closes choke valve 5,
The threeway I 6 being connected with deuterium source 8 and choke valve 5 are opened, deuterium source 8 is then opened, liquid-deuterium target is filled with by the first tracheae 3
Deuterium, is charged to pressure for 1.5atm, pressurize 5min, is then shut off choke valve 5, is evacuated repeatedly according to the circulation of above-mentioned flow, inflates 8
It is secondary, the threeway I 6 being connected with deuterium source 8 and choke valve 5 are finally opened again, and deuterium is filled with to liquid-deuterium target by the first tracheae 3, filled
The pressure for entering deuterium is 1.5atm, finally closes choke valve 5 and deuterium source 8；
4th step, vacuumizes and cools to vacuum target chamber：Vavuum pump 17 is opened, the pressure in vacuum target chamber 10 is evacuated to
10-2Pa, is then turned on refrigeration machine 12, and freeze 80min, until the temperature of temperature sensor is reduced to precooling temperature 25K, then progressively
Temperature control is to target core 1-1 temperature to 20K, and the deuterium in the liquid-deuterium target starts liquefaction, the cooling of the deuterium and liquefying time
For 2h, done in deuterium liquefaction process by the use parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser speed of vacuum target chamber 10
Interferometer observes the liquefaction process of deuterium, and laser velocity interferometer is used to detect that detection window 1-3 surface residual reflectivity judges liquid
It is ± 0.03K that whether deuteron target, which meets temperature-controlled precision in requirement of experiment, the deuterium liquefaction process, then again by governor motion
Liquid-deuterium target is adjusted to target position.
TT＆C system 18 can show the pressure of first pressure table, can control the flow velocity of gas, energy in flow valve in the present invention
The vacuum in target chamber is monitored, and controls the unlatching of refrigeration machine.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of freezing targeting system studied for liquid deuterium state equation, it is characterised in that the system includes liquid-deuterium target（1）、
Liquid-deuterium target monitoring system, inflation exchange system, vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system and TT＆C system（18）；
The liquid-deuterium target（1）Including target core（1-1）, pad（1-2）, detection window（1-3）, incidence window（1-4）And gas tube
（1-5）, the target core（1-1）On offer circular hole（1-6）, the circular hole（1-6）With target core（1-1）It is coaxially disposed, in target core
（1-1）Side wall be provided with connecting hole（1-7）, the connecting hole（1-7）And circular hole（1-6）Communicate, gas tube（1-5）With being connected
Hole（1-7）Using threaded connection, in circular hole（1-6）Inwall is provided with annular left side wall（1-8）With annular right side wall（1-
9）, the annular left side wall（1-8）With annular right side wall（1-9）It is perpendicular with circular-hole internal-wall, the incidence window（1-
4）, detection window（1-3）, annular left side wall（1-8）With annular right side wall（1-9）Between form accommodating chamber（1-10）；
The liquid-deuterium target monitoring system includes helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）, parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD video camera and laser speed
Interferometer；
The inflation exchange system includes and liquid-deuterium target（1）Middle gas tube（1-5）The first connected tracheae（3）, first gas
Pipe（3）On be sequentially provided with first pressure table（4）, choke valve（5）, threeway I（6）With threeway II（7）, the threeway I（6）With deuterium
Source（8）It is connected, the threeway II（7）One end and molecule pump assembly（9）Connected, threeway II（7）The other end and liquid-deuterium target supervise
Helium mass spectrometer leak detector in examining system（2）It is connected；
The vacuum and low temperature refrigeration system includes vacuum target chamber（10）, in vacuum target chamber（10）Lower inside is provided with governor motion
（11）, on governor motion be provided with refrigeration machine（12）, in refrigeration machine（12）Target holder（13）End lay liquid-deuterium target, in target holder
（13）It is provided with temperature sensor（14）, the temperature sensor（14）It is connected with TT＆C system, in vacuum target chamber（10）Under
Portion is provided with and vacuum target chamber（10）The second tracheae being connected（15）, in the second tracheae（15）On be sequentially provided with for detecting vacuum
The second pressure table of target chamber（16）And vavuum pump（17）, the TT＆C system（18）Pass through power line and first pressure table respectively
（4）, choke valve（5）It is connected, TT＆C system（18）Flow velocity for showing the pressure on pressure gauge and control choke valve, the survey
Control system（18）Pass through refrigeration machine in power line and vacuum target chamber（12）It is connected；The target core（1-1）Using oxygen-free high conductivity type copper material
Material makes；The detection window（1-3）Including the first cylinder being coaxially disposed（31）With the second cylinder（32）, described first
Cylinder（31）External diameter and circular hole（1-6）Gap coordinates, second cylinder（32）External diameter be less than accommodating chamber diameter；
The gas tube（1-5）Made using stainless steel capillary.
2. it is used for the operating method for the freezing targeting system that liquid deuterium state equation is studied, its feature described in a kind of claim 1
It is to comprise the following steps：
The first step, the assembling of liquid-deuterium target：By incidence window（1-4）It is placed in annular left side wall（1-8）Outside, in incidence window
（1-4）Outside load onto pad（1-2）, then sealed with low temperature glue；Second step, by detection window（1-3）The first cylinder
（31）Left side is placed in annular right side wall（1-9）Side, detection window（1-3）The first cylinder（31）Right side load onto pad
（1-2）, then sealed with low temperature glue, the 3rd step, by gas tube（1-5）It is connected through a screw thread and connecting hole（1-7）It is connected, then
Sealed with low temperature glue, the incidence window（1-4）And detection window（1-3）With pad（1-2）Between using low temperature glue seal；
Second step, installation, the debugging of system：
A, first, passes through governor motion（11）The regulation of liquid-deuterium target position is carried out, by being all around the adjustment of locus,
By liquid-deuterium target position coarse adjustment to target position, then by liquid-deuterium target（1）It is placed in target holder（13）One end, by the first tracheae（3）With
Liquid-deuterium target（1）Gas tube（1-5）It is connected, by first pressure table（4）, choke valve（5）, threeway I（6）With threeway II（7）, respectively
It is sequentially arranged at the first tracheae（3）On, by deuterium source（8）It is connected to threeway I（6）On, by molecule pump assembly（9）It is connected to threeway
Ⅱ（7）A port, helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）It is connected to threeway II（7）Another port；In refrigeration machine（12）Target holder
（13）Upper setting temperature sensor（14）, by temperature sensor（14）With TT＆C system（18）It is connected, by second pressure table（16）
And vavuum pump（17）It is successively set on the second tracheae（15）On；
B, pass through helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）To liquid-deuterium target（1）Hunted leak：First turn on helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）, waiting system
Preheating terminates, and opens and helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）The first connected tracheae（3）On threeway I（6）With threeway II（7）And throttling
Valve（5）, start by helium mass spectrometer leak detector（2）On feeler switch start evacuate leak detection, liquid-deuterium target edge spray helium observation leak rate
Change and record the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is less than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is small, can use
In experiment, the leak rate of liquid-deuterium target is higher than 10-10Pa.m3/ s, then judge that liquid-deuterium target leak rate is big, be not useable for experiment；
3rd step, inflation displacement；Open and molecule pump assembly successively（9）Connected threeway I（6）, threeway II（7）And choke valve
（5）, open molecule pump assembly（9）Pass through the first tracheae（3）To liquid-deuterium target（1）It is evacuated, pressure is evacuated to less than 10-4Pa,
Close choke valve（5）, open and deuterium source（8）Connected threeway I（6）And choke valve（5）, then open deuterium source（8）, pass through
First tracheae（3）Deuterium is filled with to liquid-deuterium target, pressure is charged to for 1.2-1.5atm, is then shut off choke valve（5）, pressurize 5-
10min, is evacuated, inflates 5-8 times, finally open again and deuterium source repeatedly according to the circulation of above-mentioned flow（8）Connected threeway I（6）
And choke valve（5）, pass through the first tracheae（3）Deuterium is filled with to liquid-deuterium target, the pressure for being filled with deuterium is 1.2-1.5atm, is finally closed
Close choke valve（5）With deuterium source（8）；
4th step, vacuumizes and cools to vacuum target chamber：Open vavuum pump（17）, by vacuum target chamber（10）Interior pressure is evacuated to 10-2Pa, is then turned on refrigeration machine（12）, freeze 70-80min, until the temperature of temperature sensor is reduced to precooling temperature 25K, then
Progressively temperature control is to target core（1-1）Temperature to 20 K-22 K, the deuterium in the liquid-deuterium target starts liquefaction, the drop of the deuterium
Gentle liquefying time is 1.5-2h, and vacuum target chamber is passed through in deuterium liquefaction process（10）Use parallel light tube, Visible-light CCD
Video camera observes the liquefaction process of deuterium, and laser velocity interferometer is used to detect detection window（1-3）Surface residual reflectivity is sentenced
It is ± 0.03K that whether disconnected liquid-deuterium target, which meets temperature-controlled precision in requirement of experiment, the deuterium liquefaction process, then again by regulation
Liquid-deuterium target is adjusted to target position by mechanism.
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