CN105487488B - A kind of progressive die Complex Panels Sheet Metal Forming Technology sequential program(me) method - Google Patents
A kind of progressive die Complex Panels Sheet Metal Forming Technology sequential program(me) method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of progressive die Complex Panels Sheet Metal Forming Technology sequential program(me) methods, comprise the following steps：Step 1：Sheet metal component feature recognition, bending expansion, generation stock layout feature, formulates stock layout rule；Step 2：Using sequencing planning matrix, synchronizing sequence planning matrix, idle station planning matrix, all feasible layout projects are listed；Step 3：Establish impact factor collection U={ u1,u2,u3,...,unAnd its respective weights collection A={ w1,w2,w3,...,wn, wherein w1+w2+w3+...+wn=1, and 0≤w1,w2,w3,...,wn≤ 1, according to impact factor and its respective weights, calculate the total score E of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM)v,Work as EvWhen being maximized, as optimal case, the advantage of the invention is that, not only method is simple, but also draws optimal case by data, and designer is not required to grasp sufficient punch process knowledge and experience, correct station stock layout can be made, designer's experience is relied on so as to break away from, realizes intelligent design truly, and then realizes standardized production processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process sequence planning method, in particular to a process sequence planning method for stamping a complex sheet metal part of a progressive die.
Background
Since the last 70 s, research on the planning of press processes aided by computers began, schafer (1971) and Nakahara et al (1978), which were probably the first to study bar planning and progressive die design, primarily applied CAD/CAM technology to solve the problem of automation of die design, followed by more research to incorporate other methods into the CAD/CAM environment, such as Bergstrom et al (1988) to study the calculation of press forces required to automatically expand, cut and bend plates, choi et al (1999) applied knowledge base rules to achieve certain results. Pro/SHEETMETAL, NX Progressive Die Wizard and the like of Pro/ENGINEER provide better user interfaces in terms of commercialized software, but still cannot be widely applied to automatic reasoning layout of stamping parts with typical characteristics, and punch segmentation and configuration still need interactive selection of most important decisions by designers, and automatic design cannot be realized.
In order to solve the huge search space and reduce the computation time, in recent years, the development of bar planning research has been greatly advanced by using AI and search techniques, inui et al (1999) utilized the screening of topological constraints (topologic constraints) and then utilized the results of previously completed computations to accelerate bending planning, thanapandi et al (2001) utilized genetic algorithms to make similar attempts, tor et al (2005) combined with object-oriented techniques and blackberry Architecture, zhang et al (2005) further combined with Case-Based analysis, one et al (1997) utilized Fuzzy Set Theory, and various research mainly used to verify the feasibility of the technique, the application of its effectiveness was limited to this Case (Cheok and Nee, 1998), and various AI and search techniques not involved the segmentation problem and may be more optimized (Kannan and shummugam, 2009 b).
The field has been studied intensively for many years by taiwan university of science and technology Lin Qingan, which mainly uses 3D CAD software environment, combines knowledge base and search skill to automatically generate all feasible bar plans and plate layouts, and simultaneously can execute interference check and mold center of gravity calculation functions to automatically generate the required punch and mold base designs. Lin Baicun is customized by the design software CATIA and VB program language, and develops the "progressive die automatic design system" for the second time, which can automatically execute the structure design and assembly of the continuous stamping die according to the input information, including the profile shape, product dividing line, punch, bent edge knife, cam cutter, and number and character information.
To reduce human operation and speed up bar planning and design efficiency, li et al, tang and Gao directly identify their features from CAD models and map each feature to a machining planning program, but this approach has two disadvantages, firstly, there is often a lack of machining information in CAD models, and secondly, the identified features still need to be well planned to properly allocate each feature to each station. To date, the identification of features has been attractive to many researchers, for example, kannan and Shunmugam use the plate interchange format as an input, and their systems are known to identify many plate features, such as: embossing (embossing), flanging (bending), louvre (venting), etc.
Strip sequence planning is to search out the optimal solution from a plurality of determined schemes. In order to improve the search efficiency and reduce the calculation time, in recent years, the development of bar planning research has been greatly advanced by applying AI and search technologies, inui et al use the selection of topological constraints (topologic constraints) and then use the previously completed calculation results to accelerate bending planning, thanapandi et al use genetic algorithms to make similar attempts, tor et al combine the object-oriented technology with blackberry Architecture, zhang et al further combine Case-Based retrieval, ong et al use Fuzzy Set Theory to perform the selection. At present, various methods are mainly studied to verify the feasibility of the application of the technology, the effectiveness of the application is limited to some cases (Cheok and Nee), and various AI and search technologies have the potential to omit the global optimal solution (Kannan and Shunmugam) except that the punch segmentation problem is not involved. Lin and Sheu try to combine a layering method and an exhaustion method to expand various possibilities, and then various rules and commanders are used for selecting an infeasible scheme to find out all feasible solutions, but the calculation of the method is very complicated.
The multi-station progressive die is a stamping die with high efficiency, high precision and long service life, is widely applied in the fields of automobile structural parts, hardware and household appliances, electronic instruments and the like, and can form a plurality of procedures of deep drawing, forming, bending, blanking and the like in a secondary stroke of a press, so that the utilization rate of a machine tool can be remarkably improved, the automatic production of products is realized, the manual operation is reduced, the production safety risk is reduced, however, parts processed by the multi-station progressive die have the characteristics of multiple procedures, complex process design and the like, the die structure is generally complex, the problems of the former procedure and the later procedure are related, a plurality of factors need to be considered in the processes of products, strips and die design, any small link can neglect to cause unqualified product quality, die repair and even complete scrap, the difficulty of the process and the die design of the progressive die is greatly improved, and engineering technicians with design experience of the progressive die for many years can usually carry out the work.
When the progressive die is used for processing metal parts of thin plates, the main stamping processes comprise shearing, punching, bending, forming, stretching and the like. In the production process, after the unfolded shape of a sheet metal finished product is determined, engineers draw a sheet metal product unfolded drawing, then evenly distribute parts needing stamping processing in the product on each station of a continuous stamping die according to a design principle and an empirical rule, consider how to perform the stamping of an edge cutting area and a stamping hole area in principle, then perform subsequent bending and forming processing arrangement, and finally manufacture the stamping die according to the design drawing. Due to more part processes, the stamping process flow becomes abnormal and complicated, so that designers are required to master the stamping principle, the stamping type, the stamping method and the like, and sufficient knowledge and experience are required to make correct station layout.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the method for planning the stamping process sequence of the complex sheet metal part of the progressive die is simple, an optimal scheme is obtained through data, and correct station layout can be made without a designer mastering sufficient stamping processing knowledge and experience, so that the method gets rid of the experience of the designer, realizes intelligent design in a true sense, and realizes standardized production and processing.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for planning a stamping process sequence of a complex sheet metal part of a progressive die comprises the following steps:
step 1: identifying the characteristics of the sheet metal part, bending and unfolding, generating stock layout characteristics, and formulating stock layout rules;
and 2, step: listing all feasible stock layout schemes by adopting a sequence planning matrix, a synchronous sequence planning matrix and an idle station planning matrix;
and step 3: establishing a set of influence factors U = { U = 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 ,...,u n And its corresponding set of weights a = { w = } 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,...,w n In which w 1 +w 2 +w 3 +...+w n 1, and 0 ≦ w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,...,w n Less than or equal to 1, and calculating the total score E of the multi-criterion decision according to the influence factors and the corresponding weights thereof v ，
When E is v And when the maximum value is taken, the optimal scheme is obtained.
As a preferable technical scheme, the characteristics of the sheet metal part in the step 1) comprise punching, bending, stretching, flanging, convex closure, flattening and cutting.
As a preferred technical solution, referring to fig. 6, the specific method for bending and unfolding the sheet metal part in step 1) is as follows: and taking one plane of the sheet metal part as a reference plane, searching the rest planes, finding out all bending planes and bending characteristics corresponding to the bending planes, and flattening the bending characteristics.
As a preferred technical solution, the specific method for sequentially planning the matrix in step 2) is as follows:
generating a sequencing planning matrix of m multiplied by n elements according to a process layout rule, defining weights with different sizes on different layout rules, arranging the row with the larger weight in the front, the row with the smaller weight in the back, and planning the element value a in the matrix in the sequencing planning matrix in the front and the back ij Is 1, -1 or 0, and the following relationships exist:
wherein: sigma alpha ij ＝0。
As a preferred technical solution, the specific method of the synchronization sequence planning matrix in step 2) is as follows:
generating a synchronous sequence planning matrix of m multiplied by n elements according to the distance constraint relation to represent whether all the characteristics are arranged on the same process step or not, and generating an element value b in the synchronous sequence planning matrix ij Is 1, -1 or 0, and the following relationships exist:
as a preferred technical solution, the specific method of the idle position planning matrix in step 2) is as follows:
when the distance between two adjacent working steps has the problems of overlapping and interference of the installation of the male die and the female die, a vacant working step is added between the two adjacent working steps, and the element value k in the vacant station planning matrix ij Is 1 or 0, and the following relationship exists:
preferably, the influencing factor in step 3) includes a multi-site factor u 1 Load balancing factor u 2 Strip stability factor u 3 Their corresponding weights are w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 And w is 1 ＝0.5～0.6，w 2 ＝0.2～0.3，w 3 ＝0.18～0.23。
As a preferred technical solution, the labor factor u 1 The specific calculation method of (2) is as follows:
according to the stock layout rule, the minimum value of the station number N is 2, and the maximum value is N;
set as N =2,u 1 Taking the maximum value of 100; when N = N, u 1 Taking the minimum value of 10; when 2 < N < N, u 1 =100-90 × (N-2)/(N-2), as shown in fig. 7,from the manufacturing point of view, the more the number of stations N, the larger the volume of the die, the higher the cost, and the larger the required punch installation area, so the fewer the number of stations, the more advantageous.
Preferably, the load balancing factor u is 2 The specific calculation method is as follows:
the continuous balance of the progressive die requires that the punch loads are as uniform as possible, the cooperative force point is as close to the center of the die shape as possible, and the load balance factor is the consistency of the equivalent force point and the center of the die shape, P i Point of action of force (X) on the mould i ,Y i ) And calculating by a moment balance formula.
The blanking force and the bending force are calculated according to the following formula, where l is the bending or shearing length, t is the thickness of the material, δ b Is the strength limit of the material, C S ，C L ，C U The coefficients are obtained from the handbook of engineering materials.
Blanking force: f S ＝C S ×l×t×δ b
U-shaped bending force: f U ＝(C u /3)×l×t×δ b
L-shaped bending force: f L ＝(C L /6)×l×t×δ b
Referring to fig. 8, the center origin of the mold coordinates is set to O, and in the n-step process, the number of U-bends is i, the number of L-bends is j, and the number of punches is k. Sequentially defined along the X-axis position, the U-bend being P i Position coordinates of (x) i ，y i ) (ii) a L-shaped curve of P j Position coordinates of (x) j ，y j ) (ii) a Blanking into P k Position coordinates of (x) k ，y k )。
The total pressing force F can be calculated according to the following formula:
the nth step of punching force centerCalculated by the following formula:
the distance d from the actual stamping center to the point O of the die center is
Practice shows that D allows the maximum offset D max ，
When d =0,u 2 Taking the maximum value of 100; when D = D max ，u 2 Taking the minimum value of 10; when D is more than 0 and less than D max When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
as a preferred technical scheme, the strip stabilizing factor u 3 The specific calculation method is as follows:
strip material is at the feeding in-process, and the blanking drift is cut off the strip material waste material on the punching die, and the panel beating part constantly reduces with strip material area of being connected. When the connecting portion is too small, the bar material is liable to shake or swing during feeding, which affects the product processing accuracy.
Dividing the connection length of the sheet metal part and the strip into a straight line L according to the different trend of the reduction of the connection length line On the curve L up Lower curve L down Wave line L wave As shown in fig. 9. The corresponding strip stability factors are respectively defined as u line 、u up 、u down 、u wave The total length of the connection between the corresponding sheet metal parts and the strip material under each curve in all the working steps is L line 、L up 、L down 、L wave The greater the sum of the lengths, the better the web stability. By visual comparison, u can be obtained down <u line <u up 。
A rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the station number of the sheet metal part as an X axis and the connecting length of the strip material as a Y axis,
whereinThe total length of the connection between the sheet metal parts and the strip materials under all the station numbers,the total length of the connection between the sheet metal parts and the strip materials is linearly reduced.
The operation sequence incidence matrix is generated according to geometric characteristics and constraint rules, and the specific rules refer to a design manual, a plastic forming principle and corresponding expert experience to formulate 17 rules.
Rule 1 (subordinate rule): if the sheet metal part is characterized by bending characteristics, firstly cutting off waste around the bending;
rule 2 (positioning accuracy requirement): the punching guide pin holes are arranged in the first step from beginning to ensure the precision of strip conveying;
rule 3 (reference feature): if a certain stamping characteristic is based on a certain reference characteristic, the reference characteristic is prior;
rule 4: (the outer contour precision requirement) if the big holes and the small holes are too close to each other, the big holes are punched firstly and then the small holes are punched, otherwise, the small holes filled firstly are deformed when the big holes are punched;
rule 5: (cost rule) holes in the side direction are arranged before bending and stretching as much as possible, and inclined wedge transmission needs to be added for punching after bending, so that the cost is increased;
rule 6: (small distance rule) the upper hole wall and the hole edge of the punching piece are smaller than the material thickness t or less than 2mm, and the punching piece is punched on two stations step by step to enhance the strength of the female die and expand the installation position of the male die on the fixed plate;
rule 7: (die strength rule) if the punch and slug removal cannot be arranged in the same step, the punch is arranged before the slug removal;
rule 8: (precision requirement rule) if the distance between the holes is enough and the precision requirement exists, the tolerance value is less than 0.01mm, and the holes are required to be arranged on a station to be punched;
rule 9: (separation rule) the strip separation process is arranged at the last step;
rule 10: (sequential bending rule) if there are a plurality of bends in one surface, it is necessary to bend the surface in the order from the outside to the inside.
Rule 11: (synchronous bending rule) bending on the same axis, bending with coaxiality requirement on two planes, and Z-shaped bending with bending depth less than 5 times of material thickness, which is arranged in synchronous bending.
Rule 12: (rule of bending order) in order to reduce the influence of the bending shape, bending away from the generatrix plane, which is highly required, should be performed at an early point.
Rule 13: (bending number rule) the more the number of bends in the same step, the more the impact on the generatrix, the greater the influence on the overall accuracy.
Rule 14: (bending angle rule) when the bending angle between the mother plane and each rotation plane is more than 90 °, the bending should be performed as one or more bends.
Rule 15: (hole sequencing) the internal holes are made before the external die cut.
Rule 16: (synchronous blanking area rule) on the same process step, the workpiece with too large difference in area is not suitable to be blanked, and the damage of the die is avoided.
Rule 17: (feeding and lifting rule) during the feeding process of the strip material, the lifting height is preferably the bottom.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts the sequence planning matrix, the synchronous sequence planning matrix and the empty station planning matrix to list all feasible arrangement schemes, and finally evaluates the reasonable scheme by using a multi-criterion decision method to select the optimal scheme.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sheet metal part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the sheet metal part of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scrap layout of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optimal layout scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for planning the sequence of the stamping process of a complex sheet metal part of a progressive die according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the sheet metal part bending and unfolding process of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the number of stations factor;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the load balancing factor punch action point;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the relation between the connection lengths of the sheet metal parts and the strip;
Detailed Description
Example (b):
1. identifying the characteristics of the sheet metal parts:
typical characteristics of sheet metal parts include punching, shearing, bending, stretching, local forming and the like, and as shown in a sheet metal part in fig. 1, the sheet metal parts are basically characterized in that: and local forming characteristics T1 are formed at the punching holes P1, P2 and 1 at 4 bending characteristics B1, B2, B3, B4 and 2.
2. Bending, unfolding and generating layout characteristics:
referring to fig. 2, a sheet metal part is unfolded, layout is performed on a strip material, and waste material design is performed, wherein punching is performed: punching P1, punching P2, punching P3 and punching P4; blanking: blanking P5, blanking P6 and blanking P7; bending type: bend B1, bend B2, bend B3, bend B4; and (3) forming: f1, the positions of all features are shown in fig. 3.
3. Generating a precedence planning matrix
Generating an operation priority sequence matrix according to the process layout rule, and defining weights with different sizes on different layout rules, wherein the row with the larger weight is arranged in the front, and the row with the smaller weight is arranged in the back, as shown in table 1, when the characteristic value is 1, i operation is arranged in front of j operation; when the eigenvalue is-1, the i operation follows the j operation; when the eigenvalue is 0, the i operation is not associated at the j operation.
Table 1 sequential operation order planning matrix table:
4. generating a synchronized sequential planning matrix
The operation sequence planning matrix defines the sequence according to the manufacturing and geometric body constraint, and determines a synchronous operation sequence planning matrix, and as shown in table 2, when the characteristic value is 1, two operations can be arranged on the same process step; when the characteristic value is 0, two operations cannot be arranged on the same process step.
Table 2 synchronous operation sequence planning matrix table:
from table 2, the synchronization operation can be derived: punching synchronization: (P1, P2), (P3, P4); bending type synchronization: (B1, B2).
5. Generating an empty station planning matrix
The operation sequence planning matrix is defined according to manufacturing and geometric body constraint, and an idle station operation sequence planning matrix is generated according to an idle station rule, as shown in table 3. When the feature value is 1, a null needs to be inserted, and when the feature value is 0, no null is needed, and the null position is denoted by the letter I.
TABLE 3 idle work station operation sequence planning matrix table
6. Layout plan generation
And listing all possible arrangement conditions according to the sequence association matrix, the sequence synchronization matrix and the idle station connection matrix, wherein the arrangement conditions are shown in a table 4. 8, 4 kinds of steps: g 8-1 、G 8-2 、G 8-3 、G 8-4 And 9, 12 steps: g 9-1 、G 9-2 、G 9-3 、G 9-4 、G 9-5 、G 9-6 、G 9-7 、G 9-8 、G 9-9 、G 9-10 、G 9-11 、G 9-12 (ii) a 10, 4 steps: g10-1, G10-2, G10-3 and G10-4, and 21 arrangement modes in total.
TABLE 4 all alignment schemes
| Noun (name) | Number of steps | Arrangement of |
| G 8-1 | 8 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →B 4 →(B 1 ,B 2 ,B 3 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 8-2 | 8 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →(B 1 ,B 2 ,B 4 )→B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 8-3 | 8 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →B 4 →I→P 5L →(B 1 ,B 2 ,B 3 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 8-4 | 8 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →I→(F 1 ,P 5L )→(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 9-1 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →B 4 →(B 1 ,B 2 ,B 3 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-2 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →(B 1 ,B 2 ,B 4 )→B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-3 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →B 4 →B 3 →F 1 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 9-4 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →B 4 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-5 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →B 4 →B 3 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-6 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →P 5L →(B 1 ,B 2 )→B 4 →B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-7 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7 →B 4 →P 5 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-8 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7 →B 4 →P 5 →B 3 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-9 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7 →B 4 →P 5 →B 3 →F 1 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 9-10 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →P 5L →(B 1 ,B 2 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 9-11 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →P 5L →F 1 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 9-12 | 9 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →F 1 →P 5L →(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 10-1 | 10 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →(B 1 ,B 2 )→B 4 →B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
| G 10-2 | 10 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →F 1 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→P 6 |
| G 10-3 | 10 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →B 4 →B 3 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→F 1 →P 6 |
| G 10-4 | 10 | (P 3 ,P 4 )→(P 1 ,P 2 )→I→P 5L →P 7L →B 4 →(B 1 ,B 2 )→B 3 →F 1 →P 6 |
7. Calculating an evaluation influence factor
And judging the schemes according to a design criterion to select an optimal result.
According to the indexes of the performance of the evaluation mould result, establishing an influence factor set: u = { U = 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 }, wherein: u. of 1 : a work order factor; u. of 2 : a load balancing factor; u. of 3 : a strip stability factor;
(1) Number of stations factor (u) 1 )
(2) Load balancing factor (u) 2 )
The process force, blank holder force, pressure center coordinates and load balance factors of each scheme were calculated according to the magnitude of the load and the position of the point of action, as shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 load balance factor calculation Table
(3) Strip stability factor (u) 3 )
The calculated part to strand joint length and strand stability factor are listed in table 6.
TABLE 7 strip connection Length and stability factor
8. Establishing a set of weights
Each factor is endowed withWeighted value, this case is got: w is a 1 ＝0.5，w 2 ＝0.3，w 3 =0.2, wherein w 1 +w 2 +w 3 ＝1。
9. Calculating the total score and selecting the optimal scheme
According toA score is calculated for each protocol.
TABLE 9 protocol Total score
From the table, G is obtained 8-4 63.74 of (1) is the highest score, which is the best solution, as shown in FIG. 4.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planning a stamping process sequence of a complex sheet metal part of a progressive die is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: identifying the characteristics of the sheet metal part, unfolding the bent part, generating layout characteristics, and formulating a layout rule;
step 2: listing all feasible stock layout schemes by adopting a sequence planning matrix, a synchronous sequence planning matrix and an idle station planning matrix;
and step 3: establishing a set of influence factors U = { U = 1 ,u 2 ,u 3 And its corresponding set of weights a = { w = } 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 In which w 1 +w 2 +w 3 1, and 0 ≦ w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 Less than or equal to 1, and calculating the total score E of the multi-criterion decision according to the influence factors and the corresponding weights thereof v ，
When E is v When the maximum value is taken, the optimal scheme is obtained;
wherein the influencing factor comprises an exponent number factor u 1 Load balancing factor u 2 Strip stability factor u 3 Their corresponding weights are w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 And w is 1 ＝0.5～0.6，w 2 ＝0.2～0.3，w 3 ＝0.18～0.23；
The station number factor u 1 The specific calculation method is as follows: according to the stock layout rule, the minimum value of the station number N is 2, and the maximum value is N; set as N =2,u 1 Taking the maximum value of 100; when N = N, u 1 Taking the minimum value of 10; when 2 < N < N, u 1 ＝100-90×(N-2)/(n-2)；
The load balancing factor u 2 The specific calculation method is as follows: setting the center origin of the die coordinate as O, D as the distance from the actual punching center to the die center O point, and setting the allowed maximum offset as D max (ii) a When d =0,u 2 Taking the maximum value of 100; when D = D max ，u 2 Taking the minimum value of 10; when D is more than 0 and less than D max When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the strip stabilizing factor u 3 The specific calculation method of (2) is as follows: a rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the station number of the sheet metal part as an X axis and the connecting length of the strip material as a Y axis,
where Σ L i The total length of the sheet metal parts and the strip materials under all the station numbers is Sigma L line Is reduced linearlyThe length sum of the connection between the sheet metal part and the strip material is calculated.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sheet metal part characteristics of step 1) include at least one of punching, bending, stretching, flanging, bulging, flattening, and notching.
3. The method for planning the stamping process sequence of the complex sheet metal parts of the progressive die according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for bending and unfolding the sheet metal parts in the step 1) is as follows: and taking one plane of the sheet metal part as a reference plane, searching the rest planes, finding out all bending planes and bending characteristics corresponding to the bending planes, and flattening the bending characteristics.
4. The method for planning the stamping process sequence of the complex sheet metal parts of the progressive die according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the sequence planning matrix in the step 2) is as follows:
generating a sequencing planning matrix of m multiplied by n elements according to a process layout rule, defining weights with different sizes on different layout rules, arranging the row with the larger weight in the front and the row with the smaller weight in the back, and planning the element value a in the matrix in the sequencing planning matrix in the front and the back ij Is 1, -1 or 0, and the following relationships exist:
wherein: sigma a ij ＝0。
5. The method for planning the stamping process sequence of the complex sheet metal parts by the progressive die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of the synchronous sequence planning matrix in step 2) is as follows:
generating a synchronous sequence planning matrix of m multiplied by n elements according to the distance constraint relation to represent whether all the characteristics are arranged on the same process step or not, and generating an element value b in the synchronous sequence planning matrix ij Is 1,-1 or 0, and the following relationship exists:
6. the method for planning the stamping process sequence of the complex sheet metal parts of the progressive die according to claim 1, wherein the method for planning the matrix of the idle work positions in the step 2) is as follows:
when the distance between two adjacent working steps has the problems of overlapping and interference of the installation of the male die and the female die, a vacant working step is added between the two adjacent working steps, and the element value k in the vacant station planning matrix ij Is 1 or 0, and the following relationship exists:
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