CN105486842B - Method for measuring soil three-phase ratio - Google Patents
Method for measuring soil three-phase ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN105486842B CN105486842B CN201610052106.5A CN201610052106A CN105486842B CN 105486842 B CN105486842 B CN 105486842B CN 201610052106 A CN201610052106 A CN 201610052106A CN 105486842 B CN105486842 B CN 105486842B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001411320 Eriogonum inflatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002680 soil gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for measuring a soil three-phase ratio and a method for measuring the soil three-phase ratio by using the device, wherein the device comprises a cutting ring, an oven, a U-shaped pipe and a measuring cylinder, wherein the cutting ring is provided with an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover, and the cutting ring is arranged in the oven; the U-shaped pipe is arranged on the outer side of the oven, water is filled in the U-shaped pipe, a guide pipe I is arranged between one end of the U-shaped pipe and the sealing upper cover of the cutting ring, the guide pipe I is respectively communicated with the U-shaped pipe and the inside of the cutting ring, a guide pipe II is arranged at the other end of the U-shaped pipe, one end of the guide pipe II is communicated with the U-shaped pipe, and the other end of the guide pipe II extends into the bottom of the measuring cylinder. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, accuracy and the like, is particularly suitable for measuring the soil triphase ratio index of the soil samples with different textures, and can enable the soil triphase ratio index to be widely applied to soil scientific research work.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural, forestry and horticultural production technical field, and in particular to a kind of dress of measure soil three phases
The method put and soil three phases are determined using the device.
Background technology
Soil is the fundamental in agricultural, forestry and horticultural production., China's modern times Maize Industry technical system in 2008
Agricultural land soil to national each main producing region of corn is investigated, it is found that topsoil soils degradation has become influence China beautiful
The major obstacle factor of rice production capacity.
Around this target of raising topsoil soils quality, domestic and international agri-scientific research worker carries out numerous studies work.Once
Super relatively early being compared to agricultural land soil three of moral is studied, it is believed that soil is made up of solid phase, liquid phase, three kinds of materials of gas phase, and condition is situated between
Graininess half infinite medium between solid and liquid, it is one inseparable to be connected each other between three-phase of soil, converted, restricted
The entirety cut, functionally constitutes the material base of soil fertility, and its fertility level of the soil of different rate of three phase flow is different.Soil
Three soil nutrients alternated on surface are the available nutrients that can be directly absorbed by crop root, and various speed in soil
The quantity for imitating nutrient directly affects the growing of crops, yield and quality.Generally, the soil of suitable for crop growth
Three are in a ratio of solid phase:Liquid phase:Gas phase=50:25:25, adjust the reasonable soil three phases water good for plant growth is provided, heat,
Gas, fertile condition are the final purposes of soil structure improved addictive.
For a long time, the evaluation of soil texture is general all using unit weight, hardness, mechanical composition, porosity, the humidity of soil
Described etc. single, double phase index, these indexs are often limited it by the soil texture and different influence of proportion and evaluating
Effect in terms of soil texture.Soil three phases represent soil quality with the ratio of soil shared by solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase,
The physical behavior of soil is described on the whole, it is less by the interference of other factors, it is substantially better than in terms of soil texture change is evaluated
Other indexs.But, the method that soil three phases are determined at present is comparatively laborious, more particularly, to the measure of soil density, system
Error is larger, limits application of the index in agricultural land soil physical property research field.
When determining soil three phases proterties in the past, first have to determine the density for carrying out pedotheque, unit weight, porosity, water
Divide content, be then converted into soil three phases.If a kind of direct volume for reading pedotheque reclaimed water and gas can be found, realize
Simplify the target of soil three phases index determining method, this is possible to promote the research of agricultural land soil physical behavior to advance.
In sum, for soil three phases index, needing currently exist for a kind of mensuration means of simplicity is used for agri-scientific research
And production.
The content of the invention
A kind of device for determining soil three phases is provided in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and determined using the device
The method of soil three phases, it is easy, accurate that the present invention has the advantages that, is particularly suitable for differing texture pedotheque three-phase of soil
Than the measure of index, soil three phases this indexs can be made to be widely used in soil research work.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The invention provides a kind of device for determining soil three phases, it includes cutting ring, baking oven, U-tube and graduated cylinder, described
Cutting ring is provided with lid and sealing lower cover in sealing, and cutting ring is placed in baking oven；The U-tube is arranged on the outside of baking oven, in U-tube
Be loaded with water, conduit I be provided between being covered in the sealing of one end and cutting ring of U-tube, conduit I respectively with U-tube, the inside phase of cutting ring
Logical, the other end of U-tube is provided with conduit II, and one end of conduit II communicates with U-tube, and the other end of conduit II stretches to graduated cylinder
Bottom.
The graduated cylinder is vertically placed in transparent vessel.
A kind of method that device using described measure soil three phases determines soil three phases, comprises the following steps：
(1) device is built：Lid and sealing lower cover in the cutting ring sealing of soil sample will be taken cutting ring good seal is placed in baking
In case, one end of conduit I is sequentially passed through the soil top covered on baking oven side opening and sealing and stretched to inside cutting ring, by conduit I
The other end connected with the one end for the U-tube for being loaded with water, the other end of U-tube is connected with conduit II, the other end of conduit II with stretch
Enter to the bottom of graduated cylinder；
(2) oven temperature in step (1) is set to 103 DEG C~107 DEG C, is kept for 24 hours, then occluding catheter I,
Stop heating；In heating process, pedotheque is heated in cutting ring, and water is converted into vapor and soil air and enters U along conduit I
Type pipe, air accumulation is at the top of U-tube, and it is water that vapor then liquefies, and the water in U-tube is in soil air and the work of vapor
Graduated cylinder flowed into by conduit II with lower, the gas collected in U-tube is contained gas in soil, and the incrementss of water are
The content of pedotheque reclaimed water；
(3) analysis of the pedotheque three compared to data：
The computational methods of pedotheque liquid phase are in cutting ring, and collecting liquid volume if U-tube volume is V0, in graduated cylinder is
V2, remaining liq volume is V3 in U-tube, and cutting ring volume is VCutting ring, then the liquid phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
VLiquid phase=(100 × (V3+V2-V0))/VCutting ring
The computational methods of pedotheque gas phase are in cutting ring, if liquid level difference in U-tube two ends is H, atmospheric pressure is P, U
It is V1 that gas volume is collected in type pipe, then the gas phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
VGas phase=(100 × (V1 × (P+9.8H))/P)/VCutting ring
The computational methods of pedotheque solid phase are in cutting ring：
VSolid phase=100-VLiquid phase-VGas phase。
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention proposes a set of easy, feasible soil three-phase ratio data assay method, possesses applicable agricultural research staff
The characteristics of being measured to pedotheque acquired in experiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the inventive method determines soil three-phase ratio data result respectively with aging method；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the device that the present invention determines soil three phases.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiments, but is not intended to limit present disclosure：
Sampled in the different farmland of 6 pieces of ecotypes near Xinyang College of Agriculture and Forestry with the corn maturity period in 2015, every piece
Farmland takes 6 pedotheques；Wherein 3 pedotheques are aging method and determine with the method for determining soil three phases in the past, separately
The method that outer 3 pedotheques this patent is proposed is determined and is new method.
Comparative example 1
Using aging method to soil three phases method for measuring
First step core cutter methods determine the soil weight, determine the soil weight and soil water content
1st, instrument：(volume is 100cm to cutting ring3), balance (sensibility reciprocal 0.1g and 0.01g), baking oven, cutting ring support, cut pocket knife, small
Spades, aluminium box, fret saw, drier etc..
2nd, operating procedure：The position of soil profile is first excavated in field selection, soil profile is then excavated, observation towards
Sun；The soil for digging out is placed on heatable adobe sleeping platform both sides, and the depth of digging is usually 1 meter, such as only determines topsoil unit weight, then need not cut the earth earth
Section, with repairing native knife equating soil profile, and record section morphological feature, by Soil layer stratified sampling, every layer of repetition 3
It is individual；Cutting ring is propped up on the cutting ring of known weight, cutting ring inwall slightly coats vaseline, cutting ring cutting edge is pressed into soil downward vertically
In, untill in cutting ring cylinder full of sample；If soil layer is solid, can slowly be beaten with hand hoe, it is steady when cutting ring is pressed such as, firmly
Unanimously；With the soil sample repaiied around native knife incision ring sword, the cutting ring loaded onto, the unnecessary soil in cutting ring two ends of pruning are taken out, and clean
The soil of outside, while being sampled with aluminium box at same layer sampling, determines natural moisture content；Cutting ring two ends equipped with sample are added immediately
Lid, in case moisture evaporation, weighs (be accurate to 0.01g), and record immediately；The aluminium box drying that will be equipped with sample is weighed and (is accurate to
0.01g), soil moisture content, or the directly taking-up sample determination soil moisture content from cutting ring cylinder are determined.
3rd, result is calculated：V- cutting ring volumes (cm3)；W- soil water contents (%)；Dry sample weight (g) in G- cutting rings；
It is calculated as follows the soil weight：R=G/V (g/cm3)
Soil water content (%)=(the native cutting ring weight of band after band soil cutting ring weight-drying before drying)/(with native ring after drying
Knife weight-cutting ring weight) × 100；
Second step bottle method determines specific gravity of soil
1. instrument：Balance (0.001g)；Specific gravity bottle (volume 50mL)；Electric hot plate；Drier；Baking oven.
2. operating procedure：(1) weigh by the air-dried soil sample about 10g (being accurate to 0.001g) of 1mm sieve apertures, pour into 50mL's
It is another to claim 10.0g soil samples to determine moisture absorption water content in specific gravity bottle, determine the drying soil sample weight m in specific gravity bottles；(2) to equipped with soil
Distilled water is added in the specific gravity bottle of sample, to the 1/3~1/2 of bottle internal volume, then slow shake specific gravity bottle, expels the sky in soil
Gas, is sufficiently humidified so as to soil sample, uniformly mixes with water；(3) specific gravity bottle is put on electric hot plate and is heated, keep boiling 1h, boiled
Specific gravity bottle is often shaken in journey, the air in expulsion soil makes soil sample and water be fully contacted mixing；(4) specific gravity bottle is removed, it is cold
But specific gravity bottle, then the distilled water for boiling exclusion air in advance is added, being slightly below bottleneck to the specific gravity bottle water surface, specific gravity bottle is treated
After interior suspension clarification and temperature stabilization, the distilled water for having boiled and having excluded air and cool down is filled it up with, be then stoppered bottle stopper, use filter paper
Weighed after drying (be accurate to 0.001g), while determining the water temperature t1 (being accurate to 0.1 DEG C) in bottle with thermometer, try to achieve mbws1.
3. result is calculated：Specific gravity of soil:ρs=(ms/(ms+mbw1-mbws1))×ρw1
In formula：ρs- specific gravity of soil, g.cm-3；ms- drying quality of soil sample, g；mbw1—t1DEG C when specific gravity bottle+water quality, g；
mbws1—t1DEG C when specific gravity bottle+water quality+soil sample amount, g.
3rd step：Calculate soil three phases
1. soil porosity (%)=(1- unit weights/proportion) × 100
2. solid phase of soil=100 × (1- soil porosities)
3. liquid phase of soil=100 × soil moisture content；
4. gaseous phase of soil=100 × (soil porosity-soil moisture content)
Soil three phases are solid phase of soil：Liquid phase of soil：Gaseous phase of soil=100 × (1- soil porosities)：100 × soil
Earth moisture content：100 × (soil porosity-soil moisture content)
Embodiment 1
The invention provides a kind of device for determining soil three phases, it includes cutting ring, baking oven, U-tube and graduated cylinder, described
Cutting ring is provided with lid and sealing lower cover in sealing, and cutting ring is placed in baking oven；The U-tube is arranged on the outside of baking oven, in U-tube
Be loaded with water, conduit I be provided between being covered in the sealing of one end and cutting ring of U-tube, conduit I respectively with U-tube, the inside phase of cutting ring
Logical, the other end of U-tube is provided with conduit II, and one end of conduit II communicates with U-tube, and the other end of conduit II stretches to graduated cylinder
Bottom.
A kind of method that device using above-mentioned measure soil three phases determines soil three phases, comprises the following steps：
(1) device is built：Fetched earth in section is cheated with cutting ring, the soil that will expose cutting ring part is scabbled with guarded blade utility knife,
Lid and sealing lower cover in the cutting ring sealing of soil sample will be taken cutting ring good seal is placed in baking oven, by one end of conduit I successively
Lid stretches to the soil top inside cutting ring on through baking oven side opening and sealing, by the other end of conduit I and the U-tube for being loaded with water
One end connection, the other end of U-tube is connected with conduit II, the other end of conduit II and the bottom for stretching to graduated cylinder, detection means
Air-tightness, untill device is air tight；
(2) oven temperature in step (1) is set to 103 DEG C~107 DEG C, is kept for 24 hours, then occluding catheter I,
Stop heating；In heating process, pedotheque is heated in cutting ring, and water is converted into vapor and soil air and enters U along conduit I
Type pipe, air accumulation is at the top of U-tube, and it is water that vapor then liquefies, and the water in U-tube is in soil air and the work of vapor
Graduated cylinder flowed into by conduit II with lower, the gas collected in U-tube is contained gas in soil, and the incrementss of water are
The content of pedotheque reclaimed water；
(3) analysis of the pedotheque three compared to data：
The computational methods of pedotheque liquid phase are in cutting ring, and collecting liquid volume if U-tube volume is V0, in graduated cylinder is
V2, remaining liq volume is V3 in U-tube, and cutting ring volume is VCutting ring, then the liquid phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
VLiquid phase=(100 × (V3+V2-V0))/VCutting ring
The computational methods of pedotheque gas phase are in cutting ring, if liquid level difference in U-tube two ends is H, atmospheric pressure is P, U
It is V1 that gas volume is collected in type pipe, then the gas phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
VGas phase=(100 × (V1 × (P+9.8H))/P)/VCutting ring
The computational methods of pedotheque solid phase are in cutting ring：
VSolid phase=100-VLiquid phase-VGas phase。
Aging method and the inventive method soil three that as new method both approaches are measured are using comparative example method
Compared to data, result of the test is shown in Table 1：
The soil three-phase ratio data that table 1, two methods is measured
Can be seen that two methods by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to measure solid phase of soil, liquid and gas data tendency basically identical, its
Middle gas phase and liquid data are particularly approached, and solid phase of soil data difference is larger, this with cutting ring sample during error and survey
Systematic error during fixed is relevant, and above-mentioned data are able to demonstrate that, the new side for determining soil three-phase ratio data proposed by the invention
Method can be applied in research and production.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that can be improved according to the above description, and all these improvement should all belong to
The protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of determine soil three phases method, it is characterised in that：The device that methods described is used includes cutting ring, baking oven, U-shaped
Pipe and graduated cylinder, the cutting ring are provided with lid and sealing lower cover in sealing, and cutting ring is placed in baking oven；The U-tube is arranged on baking oven
Outside, water is loaded with U-tube, be provided with conduit I between being covered in the sealing of one end and cutting ring of U-tube, conduit I respectively with it is U-shaped
Pipe, the inside of cutting ring communicate, and the other end of U-tube is provided with conduit II, and one end of conduit II communicates with U-tube, and conduit II's is another
One end stretches to the bottom of graduated cylinder；
Methods described comprises the following steps：
（1）Device is built：Lid and sealing lower cover in the cutting ring sealing of soil sample will be taken cutting ring good seal is placed in baking oven,
One end of conduit I is sequentially passed through the soil top covered on baking oven side opening and sealing and stretched to inside cutting ring, by the another of conduit I
Hold and connected with the one end for the U-tube for being loaded with water, the other end of U-tube is connected with conduit II, the other end and the amount of stretching to of conduit II
The bottom of cylinder；
（2）By step（1）In oven temperature be set to 103 DEG C ~ 107 DEG C, kept for 24 hours, then occluding catheter I, stop plus
Heat, the gas collected in U-tube is contained gas in soil, and the incrementss of water are the content of pedotheque reclaimed water；
（3）Analysis of the pedotheque three compared to data：
The computational methods of pedotheque liquid phase are in cutting ring, and it is V2 that liquid volume is collected if U-tube volume is V0, in graduated cylinder, U-shaped
Remaining liq volume is V3 in pipe, and cutting ring volume is VCutting ring, then the liquid phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
The computational methods of pedotheque gas phase are in cutting ring, if liquid level difference in U-tube two ends is H, atmospheric pressure is P, U-tube
Interior collection gas volume is V1, then the gas phase of pedotheque is in cutting ring：
The computational methods of pedotheque solid phase are in cutting ring：
。
2. it is according to claim 1 determine soil three phases method, it is characterised in that：The graduated cylinder is vertically placed to transparent
In container.
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| CN201610052106.5A CN105486842B (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2016-01-18 | Method for measuring soil three-phase ratio |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2711644A (en) * | 1951-05-28 | 1955-06-28 | Edwin D Myers | Apparatus for determining and measuring the gas content of soils |
| JPS63193051A (en) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-10 | Shimizu Constr Co Ltd | Method for measuring moisture of soil based on heat conductivity |
| CN2192886Y (en) * | 1993-12-31 | 1995-03-22 | 农业部成都沼气科学研究所 | U-shape tube fundamental type pressure measuring meter |
| CN101963553B (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-04-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Device for extracting dissolved gas from soil water |
| CN203101212U (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-07-31 | 河海大学 | Device for determining water content of organic soil |
| CN103197045B (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-09-02 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of method of solid geometry knowledge analysis soil three-phase ratio data |
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