CN105486351A - Real-time monitoring method and real-time monitoring system for velocity and direction of underground water current - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring method and real-time monitoring system for velocity and direction of underground water current Download PDFInfo
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- CN105486351A CN105486351A CN201610023424.9A CN201610023424A CN105486351A CN 105486351 A CN105486351 A CN 105486351A CN 201610023424 A CN201610023424 A CN 201610023424A CN 105486351 A CN105486351 A CN 105486351A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention provides a real-time monitoring method and a real-time monitoring system for velocity and direction of underground water current. The real-time monitoring system comprises a sleeve, a probe, a cable and a ground control system. A flexible pipe is arranged in the probe in a vertical direction. One end of the flexible pipe is fixed and the other end is provided with a swing ball which bears a circle resistance of underground water. Furthermore the circle resistance functions on the flexible pipe, thereby generating flexible deformation of the flexible pipe. Through an electronic compass and a light-sensitive component, a horizontal-direction displacement of the swing ball under the function of the circle resistance and a deflection direction (horizontal flow direction of the underground water) in a horizontal plane are measured. The real-time monitoring method and the real-time monitoring system are based on fluid mechanics (hydraulics) and mechanics-of-materials theories, and the circle resistance which is bear by the swing ball, the horizontal-direction velocity of the underground water, and the horizontal displacement of the swing ball satisfy a certain functional relationship, thereby obtaining the horizontal-direction velocity of the underground water through calculation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time and monitoring system, belong to hydrogeological parameter monitoring field.
Background technology
Seepage action of ground water effect all has significant impact to hydrogeological condition, engineering geological condition, conditions of environmental geology etc.As in the geologic hazard processes such as landslide, rubble flow, surface collapse, Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field is all played an important role; Seepage action of ground water also affects underground structure hydrogeological condition, dam foundation piping and seepage etc.In addition, seepage action of ground water effect causes soil solute transport (inorganic salts, nutrient, pollutant etc.), thus seepage action of ground water to soil body reparation and agricultural sciences also significant.In sum, significant to the monitoring of groundwater velocity and direction (Analysis of Ground-water Seepage Field main characteristic parameters).
Groundwater velocity and direction to record method more, classic method is mainly divided into bailing test method and trace method.Traditional bailing test method, is not suitable for individual well monitoring, and time and effort consuming.Trace method has again radio-label method, potential differentiation, thermal trace method etc.Potential differentiation changes underground water current potential by injecting salt solusion or distilled water etc., records the change of potential fields on time and space and then obtain groundwater velocity and direction with sensor.Radiomaterial needed for radio-label method may work the mischief to human body and environment.Based on the trace method of tracer agent, use tracer agent can with the physical and chemical reactions such as underground water and Rock And Soil generation ion-exchange, absorption, precipitation, affect measurement result; Meanwhile, tracer agent throwing source mechanism is also unfavorable for realizing long-term automatic monitoring.The accuracy requirement of thermal trace method to thermal sensing element is higher.In addition, the technology such as photomicrograph, neutron activation is also had to be applied to the mensuration of groundwater velocity and direction.As the AquaVISION that U.S. Geotech produces, photomicrograph is carried out to analyze groundwater velocity and direction to particle in underground water, but this method be used for the particle of reference not easily seek or identification.The cost of neutron activation is high and need take safeguard procedures.Along with the development of economy and scientific and technological level, the mensuration of people to groundwater velocity and direction is had higher requirement.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time and monitoring system, record underground water horizontal direction flow velocity not by the impact of its vertical direction flow velocity, flow rate and direction Real-Time Monitoring can be realized for the underground water of the different seepage field characteristics (water temperature and flow velocity) of tool, applied widely, simultaneity factor structure is simple, manufacture and operating cost low, to environment, can not there is very important engineer applied and be worth.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for its technical matters of solution is: provide a kind of groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time, arrange a flexible tubing along vertical, and the lower end of flexible tubing connects a swing ball; Flexible tubing is put into underground water; Swing ball streams drag effect by underground water and produces displacement, and meanwhile, this streams drag effect makes flexible tubing produce deflection deformation in flexible tubing; Record swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level; Underground water horizontal direction flow velocity is calculated streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect according to swing ball.
According to swing ball when streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect and calculating Groundwater square to flow velocity, ignore the vertical flow velocity of underground water to the impact of swing ball horizontal shift; Described underground water horizontal direction flow velocity obtains according to following formulae discovery:
Wherein, U is underground water horizontal direction flow velocity; A streams object projected area in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction; ρ is underground water density; L is the length of flexible tubing, and E is flexible tubing elastic modulus, and I is flexible tubing moment of inertia, and l, E and I determine by flexible tubing; ω
1for swing ball is streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect; C
dfor streaming resistance coefficient, depend on the shape and flowing Reynolds number R of streaming object
e, described flowing Reynolds number R
erelevant with swing ball diameter d with underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, underground water temperature T.
The upper end of described flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell, the junction mounted LED lamp of flexible tubing and swing ball, swing ball by underground water stream drag effect produce displacement time LED position change, utilize electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell to gather displacement data, obtain swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level.
Invention also provides a kind of groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system based on above-mentioned monitoring method, comprise that upper and lower two underseals close, the right cylinder of inner hollow probe, described probe tube wall is netted; Probe is inner is provided with a flexible tubing along its axis, and the lower end of flexible tubing connects a swing ball, and the upper end of flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell, and the junction of flexible tubing and swing ball is provided with LED; In probe, temperature sensor is installed; Described electronic compass, photo-sensitive cell are all connected with ground control system by cable with temperature sensor.
Described ground control system is PC.
Described probe is positioned at cylinder-shaped sleeve inside, bottom opening on sleeve pipe, and sleeve pipe is gone to the bottom and to be closed by round tube underseal; Casing wall is divided into epimere and hypomere, and casing wall is epimere higher than probe the highest edge place, and the highest along being partly hypomere lower than probe, the epimere of casing wall closes sealing, and the hypomere of casing wall is netted tube wall; Loaded filter is provided with in described netted tube wall.
Described loaded filter is made up of the four layers of particle that are no less than laid from outside to inside, and every layer of particle size is identical, and each layer particle from outside to inside particle diameter increases.
The present invention is based on the beneficial effect that its technical scheme has to be:
(1) based on groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time of the present invention, adopt the monitoring system that the flexible tubing of different qualities and the swing ball of different-diameter realize, flow rate and direction Real-Time Monitoring can be realized for the underground water of the different seepage field characteristics (water temperature and flow velocity) of tool, applied widely;
(3) groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system structure of the present invention is simple, manufacture and operating cost low, can not to environment;
(4) groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system of the present invention is provided with loaded filter, based on loaded filter technology, the sleeve pipe of water table position to be monitored is designed, prevents or slow down Rock And Soil particle obstruction to monitoring holes under seepage effect, being beneficial to the long-time running of monitoring system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is probe of the present invention and sleeve structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the yawing moment schematic diagram of swing ball at surface level.
In above-mentioned figure: 1-sleeve pipe, 2-pops one's head in, 3-cable, 4-underground water table, 5-ground, 6-ground control system, 7-sleeve pipe is gone to the bottom, 8-casing wall, and 9-pops one's head in chamber, 10-tube wall, 11-swing ball, 12-LED lamp, 13-flexible tubing, 14-photo-sensitive cell, 15-temperature sensor, 16-electronic compass, flexible tubing before 17-distortion, flexible tubing after 18-distortion.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
The invention provides a kind of groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time, arrange a flexible tubing along vertical, the lower end of flexible tubing connects a swing ball; Flexible tubing is put into underground water; Swing ball streams drag effect by underground water and produces displacement, and meanwhile, this streams drag effect makes flexible tubing produce deflection deformation in flexible tubing; Record swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level;
Underground water horizontal direction flow velocity is calculated streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect according to swing ball.
Described swing ball suffered buoyancy in underground water is equal with its gravity; According to swing ball when streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect and calculating Groundwater square to flow velocity, ignore the vertical flow velocity of underground water to the impact of flexible tubing horizontal shift; Described underground water horizontal direction flow velocity obtains according to following formulae discovery:
Wherein, U is underground water horizontal direction flow velocity; A streams object projected area in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction; ρ is underground water density; L is the length of flexible tubing, and E is flexible tubing elastic modulus, and I is flexible tubing moment of inertia, and l, E and I determine by flexible tubing; ω
1for swing ball is streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect; C
dfor streaming resistance coefficient, depend on the shape and flowing Reynolds number R of streaming object
e, described flowing Reynolds number R
erelevant with swing ball diameter d with underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, underground water temperature T.
The upper end of described flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell, the junction mounted LED lamp of flexible tubing and swing ball, swing ball by underground water stream drag effect produce displacement time LED position change, utilize electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell to gather displacement data, obtain swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level.
The flow direction of underground water can be obtained by the displacement position angle of swing ball.
Invention also provides a kind of groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system based on above-mentioned monitoring method, see figures.1.and.2, comprise that upper and lower two underseals close, the right cylinder of inner hollow probe 2, described probe tube wall 10 is netted; Probe is inner is provided with a flexible tubing 13 along its axis, and the lower end of flexible tubing 13 connects a swing ball 11, and the upper end of flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass 16 and photo-sensitive cell 14, and flexible tubing 13 is provided with LED 12 with the junction of swing ball 11; In probe 2, temperature sensor 15 is installed; Described electronic compass 16, photo-sensitive cell 14 and temperature sensor 15 are all connected with the ground control system 6 be positioned on ground 5 by cable 3.
Described ground control system 6 is PC.
It is inner that described probe 2 is positioned at cylinder-shaped sleeve 1, bottom opening on sleeve pipe 1, sleeve pipe is gone to the bottom and 7 to be closed by round tube underseal, casing wall 8 is divided into epimere and hypomere, casing wall is epimere higher than probe the highest edge place, and the highest along being partly hypomere lower than probe, the epimere of casing wall closes sealing, the hypomere of casing wall is netted tube wall, is provided with loaded filter in netted tube wall.
Described loaded filter is made up of the four layers of particle that are no less than laid from outside to inside, and every layer of particle size is identical, and each layer particle from outside to inside particle diameter increases.
The corresponding casing section perforate of probe, lay loaded filter, Groundwater Flow is not obstructed and soil particle also can not migrate through loaded filter; Non-monitored water table position place casing section sealing (comprising at the bottom of pipe).
Be below the course of work of the present invention and principle:
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in the groundwater monitoring well dug, bury sleeve pipe underground and settle groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system to monitor; Comprise the following steps: (1) vertical in probe chamber 9 arranges a flexible tubing, makes its one end fix the other end and arranges swing ball; (2) swing ball streams resistance by underground water, and meanwhile, this streams drag effect makes it produce deflection deformation in flexible tubing; (3) LED is set at swing ball and flexible tubing junction, swing ball can be recorded at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment (i.e. Groundwater advection to) at surface level by electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell; (4) based on fluid mechanics (hydraulics) and theory of mechanics of materials, stream resistance suffered by swing ball and meet certain funtcional relationship with underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, swing ball horizontal displacement respectively, thus calculate acquisition underground water horizontal direction flow velocity.Based on fluid mechanics (hydraulics) and theory of mechanics of materials, stream resistance and meet certain funtcional relationship with underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, swing ball horizontal displacement respectively, thus calculate acquisition underground water horizontal direction flow velocity.
With reference to Fig. 4, the sectional view in direction, reveal competence face, wherein dotted line represents the initial position of swing ball when not being subject to influence on groundwater, is subjected to displacement when swing ball 11 streams resistance by underground water, with its initial position be starting point, point to displacement after the direction of position be the yawing moment of swing ball at surface level.
Electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell are all laid in underground water table less than 4, and photo-sensitive cell size is determined by swing ball maximum horizontal displacement amount; System monitoring underground water horizontal direction flow rate and direction, probe need keep vertical.
The long flexible tubing upper end for l is fixed, and lower end is fixed with the swing ball that diameter is d.Wherein, flexible tubing elastic modulus is E, and moment of inertia is I.When swing ball is subject to the flow action generation deformation that horizontal flow is U to component velocity.Below will respectively based on fluid (water) mechanics and theory of mechanics of materials to model force analysis.Except specified otherwise, the physical quantity of dimension in analytic process, is had all to adopt international unit processed.
1, based on Hydrodynamics Theory:
Spheroid stream drag overall F
dbe calculated as follows:
In formula: C
dfor streaming resistance coefficient; A streams object projected area in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction; ρ is fluid density; U is for the flow velocity streaming object by fluid-phase before streaming object disturbance.C
ddepend primarily on the shape and flowing Reynolds number R of streaming object
e, also by the impact of rough object surfaces degree etc.
At different Reynolds number R
ein scope, can by R
ecalculate corresponding spheroid resistance and stream coefficient C
d, different document describes different.Document is had to point out: to work as R
eduring <1, be similar to Stokes law district, C
d=24/R
e; As 1 < R
e< 2 × 10
5, Dallavalle recommendation calculating formula:
the present embodiment adopts following relation:
formula 2
Flow around spheroid for fluid:
R
e=Ud/ υ formula 3
Wherein d is sphere diameter, and υ is fluid kinematic coefficient of viscosity; U cotype 1.The kinematic coefficient of viscosity of water has following empirical formula:
In formula, T is water temperature, dimensionless, in DEG C; M gets in υ unit
2/ s, brings formula 3 into and obtains:
Might as well suppose at this: water temperature T ∈ (0,40), d=0.01m.If R
e<2, brings formula 5 into and obtains:
Therefore, d=0.01m, T ∈ (0,40) DEG C, ρ=1000Kg/m
3, U < 1.314 × 10
-4during m/s, R
e<2, i.e. C
d=24/R
e, simultaneous formula 1, formula 5:
2, based on theory of mechanics of materials:
Set up coordinate system as shown in Figure 3, in plain bending situation, after distortion, the axis of flexible tubing 18 becomes and become a curve in xoy plane, is line of deflection, smooth, a continuous and smooth curve.The Flexural Equation of flexible tubing:
ω=f (x) formula 7
In formula, x is the horizontal ordinate of flexible tubing 17 any point on axis before distortion; ω is the amount of deflection of corresponding x.
The arbitrary xsect of flexible tubing is called its corner at this section relative to the angle that turns over of initial position before distortion, represents with θ.From the hypothesis of plane mechanism, after distortion, d xsect is appointed so perpendicular to the axis of flexible tubing, and θ is exactly the tangent line of line of deflection at x point place and the angle of x-axis.When θ is very little:
Calculate flexural deformation during shear bending:
In formula, ρ (x) is for line of deflection is in the radius-of-curvature at x place, and M (x) is the moment of flexure on x cross section, and EI is the bendind rigidity of flexible tubing.
Again
ignore much smaller than 1
deflection differential equation is obtained by formula 9:
To formula 10 twice integration:
EI ω=∫ ∫ M (x) dxdx+Cx+D formula 11
By Bending Moment Equations: M (x)=Fl-Fx, bring formula 11 into and obtain:
Boundary condition: during x=0, ω=0, brings formula 12 into and obtains: C=0, D=0.Therefore, deflection equation is obtained:
By formula 13, at flexible tubing lower end load (streaming resistance) F:
Obviously, F
d=F, simultaneous formula 6,14:
In formula, U is underground water horizontal direction flow velocity; L is the length of flexible tubing; E is flexible tubing elastic modulus; I is flexible tubing moment of inertia; ω
1for swing ball horizontal direction displacement; T is underground water temperature, dimensionless, in DEG C; All the other each physical quantitys all adopt international unit processed.
When swing ball diameter is 0.01m, underground water density gets 1000Kg/m
3, formula 15 is suitable for and also needs to meet two other condition: underground water temperature is 0 ~ 40 DEG C--probe working environment; Underground water horizontal direction flow velocity is less than 1.314m/s--underground water horizontal direction flow monitoring range (not considering flexible tubing characteristic).If calculate measured U by formula 15 to be greater than 1.314m/s, then suppose 2 < R successively
e< 500,500 < R
e< 2 × 10
5substitute into by formula 2 and calculate, final acquisition meets the U of Reynolds number and temperature hypothesis.
In sum, monitoring system of the present invention can realize flow rate and direction Real-Time Monitoring for the underground water of the different seepage field characteristics (water temperature and flow velocity) of tool, applied widely.Should be appreciated that probe institute monitor range ability and the precision of underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, be subject to the impact of the characteristics such as selected flexible tubing length, elastic modulus and moment of inertia equally.
Claims (7)
1. a groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: arrange a flexible tubing along vertical, and the lower end of flexible tubing connects a swing ball; Flexible tubing is put into underground water; Swing ball streams drag effect by underground water and produces displacement, and meanwhile, this streams drag effect makes flexible tubing produce deflection deformation in flexible tubing; Record swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level; Underground water horizontal direction flow velocity is calculated streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect according to swing ball.
2. groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to swing ball when streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect and calculating Groundwater square to flow velocity, ignore the vertical flow velocity of underground water to the impact of swing ball horizontal shift; Described underground water horizontal direction flow velocity obtains according to following formulae discovery:
Wherein, U is underground water horizontal direction flow velocity; A streams object projected area in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction; ρ is underground water density; L is the length of flexible tubing, and E is flexible tubing elastic modulus, and I is flexible tubing moment of inertia, and l, E and I determine by flexible tubing; ω
1for swing ball is streaming the horizontal direction displacement under drag effect; C
dfor streaming resistance coefficient, depend on the shape and flowing Reynolds number R of streaming object
e, described flowing Reynolds number R
erelevant with swing ball diameter d with underground water horizontal direction flow velocity, underground water temperature T.
3. groundwater velocity and direction method of real-time according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper end of described flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell, the junction mounted LED lamp of flexible tubing and swing ball, swing ball by underground water stream drag effect produce displacement time LED position change, utilize electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell to gather displacement data, obtain swing ball at the horizontal direction displacement of streaming under drag effect and the swing ball yawing moment at surface level.
4. based on a groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system for monitoring method described in claim 1, comprise that upper and lower two underseals close, the right cylinder of inner hollow probe, it is characterized in that: described probe tube wall is netted; Probe is inner is provided with a flexible tubing along its axis, and the lower end of flexible tubing connects a swing ball, and the upper end of flexible tubing is provided with electronic compass and photo-sensitive cell, and the junction of flexible tubing and swing ball is provided with LED; In probe, temperature sensor is installed; Described electronic compass, photo-sensitive cell are all connected with ground control system by cable with temperature sensor.
5. groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described ground control system is PC.
6. groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described probe is positioned at cylinder-shaped sleeve inside, bottom opening on sleeve pipe, and sleeve pipe is gone to the bottom and to be closed by round tube underseal; Casing wall is divided into epimere and hypomere, and casing wall is epimere higher than probe the highest edge place, and the highest along being partly hypomere lower than probe, the epimere of casing wall closes sealing, and the hypomere of casing wall is netted tube wall; Loaded filter is provided with in described netted tube wall.
7. groundwater velocity and direction real-time monitoring system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described loaded filter is made up of the four layers of particle that are no less than laid from outside to inside, and every layer of particle size is identical, and each layer particle from outside to inside particle diameter increases.
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