CN105483422A - Electrical contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Electrical contact material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105483422A
CN105483422A CN201510983357.0A CN201510983357A CN105483422A CN 105483422 A CN105483422 A CN 105483422A CN 201510983357 A CN201510983357 A CN 201510983357A CN 105483422 A CN105483422 A CN 105483422A
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electrical contact
preparation
copper alloy
contact material
graphene
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CN105483422B (en
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冷金凤
邵月文
杨中喜
王英姿
刘泽美
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Beijing Zhichanhui Technology Co ltd
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University of Jinan
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/02Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021Composite material
    • H01H1/025Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/02Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021Composite material
    • H01H1/027Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical contact material, in particular to a graphene reinforced copper base electrical contact composite material and a preparation method of the material. The electrical contact material consists of 0.1-2.0 weight% of graphene plating nickel and 98.0-99.9 weight% of copper alloy. The preparation method comprises the steps of graphene nickel plating, copper alloy atomization, ball milling and powder mixing, primary molding, sintering, secondary molding and sintering. The electrical contact material adds the nickel plating graphene in the copper alloy as a skeleton, so that the material prevents the reduction of electricity conductivity and heat conductivity when having high hardness, mechanical shock resistance and arc ablation resistance.

Description

A kind of electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrical contact material and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of Graphene and strengthen copper-based electrical contact composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Vacuum contact material is the important factor affecting Vacuum Circuit Breaker performance, requires that contact material has high conductivity, high thermal conductivity coefficient, high physical strength and low contact resistance.Vacuum switch does not need maintenance, and contact needs minimum tolerance 8-12 time, and the folding rated short circuit current of 30-50 time is to the scaling loss of contact at most, and therefore contact material should have good are-tight property, resistance fusion welding.Guillaume metal conventional at present has good resistance fusion welding, lower current-carrying value, certain connecting-disconnecting function, but intensity is lower, and arc erosion is large, reduces the life-span of contact material.
Existing (publication number 105063413A), disclose " a kind of copper-based electrical contact material and preparation technology thereof ", copper-base contact material comprises following weight percent composition: the chromium of the bismuth of the magnesium of 0.2-0.6%, the antimony of 0.05-0.3%, 0.05-0.4%, the tin of 0.05-0.3%, 0.05-0.3%, the boron of 0.005-0.05%, the lanthanum of 0.02-0.1% and the graphite of 0.2-0.5% and the copper of surplus.By adding appropriate boron, tin, antimony powder end, improving intensity and the wear resistance of electrical contact finished product, but reducing material conductivity to a certain extent.
Existing patent documentation (publication number 102385938A), disclose a kind of metal matrix graphene composite electrical contact material and preparation method thereof, contact material comprises the Graphene of 0.02-10wt.%, and all the other are metal matrix material.Due to adding of Graphene wild phase, this composited contact material is had better conduct electricity than other wild phase composited contact materials, the hardness of heat conductivility and Geng Gao and wear resistance.The wettability of Graphene and metallic matrix is bad, and electrical contact material performance has the space promoted further.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electrical contact material, by adding Ni-coated graphite alkene reinforcement in Cu alloy material, while not reducing its electroconductibility, thermal conductivity, improving the hardness of copper alloy, wear resistance and resistance to arc erosion.
In addition present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned electrical contact material.
The present invention is the technical scheme proposed that solves the problem:
A kind of electrical contact material, it is characterized in that, be that 0.1-2.0% Ni-coated graphite alkene and 98.0-99.9% copper alloy form by weight ratio, the weight item of copper alloy is the bismuth of 0.15-0.5%, the metal X of 0.1-3.0%, surplus are copper, and X is selected from one or more in zinc, tin, aluminium, nickel and silver.
Preferably, X is selected from one or more in zinc, al and ni.
Preferably, Graphene is N layer, and N is 1-10.
The preparation method of above-mentioned electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) adopt direct current magnetron sputtering process that metallic nickel is deposited on graphenic surface, make Ni-coated graphite alkene.The processing parameter of Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering equipment is: vacuum tightness reaches 0.1*10 -3-1.0*10 -3during Pa, pass into high-purity argon gas, gas pressure in vacuum 0.5-1.2Pa, sputtering power 100-150W, depositing time is 5-30min, preferred 10-30min.
(2) atomization is adopted by copper alloy to make 200-300 object copper alloy powder.
(3) Ni-coated graphite alkene and copper alloy are loaded ball mill ball milling, make Ni-coated graphite alkene and the mixed uniformly powder of copper alloy.Ball mill working order is: rotating speed 100-250r/min, ball milling 15-20 minute, stops 5 minutes, and clockwise, counterclockwise alternate run, the mixed powder time is 2-6 hour.
(4) powder after step (3) mixing is put into mould to cold pressing once shaped, pressure 400-600MPa, dwell time 3-5 minute.Sinter after colding pressing, sintering vacuum tightness is 1.0*10 -3-5.0*10 -1pa, sintering temperature 700-900 DEG C, soaking time 2-4 hour.
(5) by blank post forming, pressure is 200-500MPa, dwell time 3-5 minute.Sintering, vacuum tightness is 1.0*10 -3-5.0*10 -1pa, sintering temperature 700-900 DEG C, soaking time 2-4 hour, make the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Useful achievement of the present invention is:
(1) this electrical contact material, add in copper alloy and there is superstrength, hardness and the Graphene reinforcement with chemical stability as skeleton, while making material have high rigidity, high-wearing feature, mechanical shock resistance and anti-electric-arc ablation property, avoid the reduction of copper alloy electroconductibility, thermal conductivity.In addition, Ni-coated graphite alkene improves Graphene and intermetallic interface binding power, acquisition good interface combines, solve the problem of boundary moisture between Graphene and matrix, matrix material density, mechanical property, electroconductibility, heat conductivility, anti electric arc corrosion are improved further, meets the demand of electrical contact material better.
(2) preparation method of electrical contact, adopts direct current magnetron sputtering process in graphenic surface nickel deposited, the structure of formation, reduces Graphene as the reunion of nano particle in mixed powder process.Nickel can be used as the alloy element of Copper substrate, improves corrosion resistance and the resistance fusion welding of copper alloy.The coldmoulding sintering preparation technology used reduces production cost, is applicable to large-scale industrial production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) direct current magnetron sputtering process is adopted to be prepared into Ni-coated graphite alkene at Graphene (number of plies is 1-5) surface deposition metallic nickel.Purity is first carry out polishing with fine sandpaper before the nickel target installation of 99.99% to remove surface film oxide, then with acetone cleaning, dries.Carry out 5 minutes pre-sputterings before Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering, remove metal oxide and other impurity of target material surface, ensure the purity of follow-up graphenic surface nickel deposited film.Sputtering parameter is as follows: vacuum tightness reaches 0.1*10 -3during Pa, pass into high-purity argon gas, gas pressure in vacuum 0.5Pa, sputtering power 100W, depositing time is 30min.
(2) gas atomization is adopted to make 200 order copper alloy powders the alloy powder containing 0.15% bismuth, 0.1% zinc, 99.75% bronze medal.
(3) part by weight that Ni-coated graphite alkene and copper-0.15% bismuth-0.1% Zinc alloy powder press 0.1:99.9 loads in mechanical ball grinding machine; ball grinder first vacuumizes and passes into argon shield again; rotating speed 100r/min, ball milling mixes in powder process, clockwise ball milling 15 minutes; stop 5 minutes; counterclockwise ball milling 15 minutes, stops 5 minutes, alternation according to this; Ball-milling Time 6 hours, obtains Ni-coated graphite alkene and the mixed uniformly powder of copper alloy.
(4) powder after mixing is put into mould and carry out coldmoulding, pressure 600MPa, 3 minutes dwell times.After colding pressing, compact puts into vacuum sintering furnace (vacuum tightness: 5.0*10 -1pa) sinter in, sintering temperature 700 DEG C, soaking time 4 hours.
(5) by blank post forming, pressing pressure is 200MPa, 3 minutes dwell times.In vacuum (vacuum tightness: 5.0*10 -1pa) sinter under, sintering temperature 700 DEG C, soaking time 4 hours, prepare the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Embodiment 2
(1) direct current magnetron sputtering process is adopted to be prepared into Ni-coated graphite alkene at Graphene (number of plies is 1-10) surface deposition metallic nickel.Purity is first carry out polishing with fine sandpaper before the nickel target installation of 99.99% to remove surface film oxide, then with acetone cleaning, dries.Carry out 5 minutes pre-sputterings before Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering, remove metal oxide and other impurity of target material surface, ensure the purity of follow-up graphenic surface nickel deposited film.Sputtering parameter is as follows: vacuum tightness reaches 1.0*10 -3during Pa, pass into high-purity argon gas, gas pressure in vacuum 1.2Pa, sputtering power 150W, depositing time is 10min.
(2) gas atomization is adopted to make 300 order copper alloy powders the alloy powder containing 0.5% bismuth, 3.0% zinc, 96.5% bronze medal.
(3) part by weight that Ni-coated graphite alkene and copper-0.5% bismuth-3.0% Al alloy powder press 0.2:99.8 loads in ball mill; ball grinder first vacuumizes and passes into argon shield again; rotating speed 250r/min, ball milling mixes in powder process, clockwise ball milling 20 minutes; stop 5 minutes; counterclockwise ball milling 20 minutes, stops 5 minutes, alternation according to this; Ball-milling Time 2 hours, obtains Ni-coated graphite alkene and the mixed uniformly powder of copper alloy.
(4) powder after mixing is put into mould and carry out coldmoulding, pressure 500MPa, 5 minutes dwell times.After colding pressing, compact puts into vacuum sintering furnace (vacuum tightness: 1.0*10 -3pa) sinter in, sintering temperature 900 DEG C, soaking time 2 hours.
(5) by blank post forming, pressing pressure is 500MPa, 5 minutes dwell times.In vacuum (vacuum tightness: 1.0*10 -3pa) sinter under, sintering temperature 900 DEG C, soaking time 2 hours, prepare the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Embodiment 3
(1) direct current magnetron sputtering process is adopted to be prepared into Ni-coated graphite alkene at Graphene (number of plies is 1-10) surface deposition metallic nickel.Purity is first carry out polishing with fine sandpaper before the target installation of 99.99% to remove surface film oxide, then with acetone cleaning, dries.Carry out 5 minutes pre-sputterings before Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering, remove metal oxide and other impurity of target material surface, ensure the purity of follow-up graphenic surface nickel deposited film.Sputtering parameter is as follows: vacuum tightness reaches 0.5*10 -3during Pa, pass into high-purity argon gas, gas pressure in vacuum 1.0Pa, sputtering power 140W, depositing time is 15min.
(2) gas atomization is adopted to make 200 order copper alloy powders the alloy powder containing 0.4% bismuth, 1.5% zinc, 98.1% bronze medal.
(3) by Ni-coated graphite alkene: copper-0.4% bismuth-1.5% Zinc alloy powder loads in ball mill by weight 0.3:99.7; ball grinder first vacuumizes and passes into argon shield again; rotating speed 150r/min, ball milling mixes in powder process, clockwise ball milling 20 minutes; stop 5 minutes; counterclockwise ball milling 20 minutes, stops 5 minutes, cycle operation according to this; amount to mixed powder time 3h, obtain Ni-coated graphite alkene and the mixed uniformly powder of copper alloy.
(4) powder after mixing is put into mould and carry out coldmoulding, pressure 400MPa, 3 minutes dwell times.After colding pressing, compact puts into vacuum sintering furnace (vacuum tightness: 1.0*10 -1pa) sinter, sintering temperature 750 DEG C, soaking time 2 hours.
(5) by blank post forming, pressing pressure is 400MPa, 5 minutes dwell times.In vacuum (vacuum tightness: 1.0*10 -1pa) sinter under, sintering temperature 750 DEG C, soaking time 2 hours, make the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Embodiment 4
Ni-coated graphite alkene: copper-0.2% bismuth-3.0% Al alloy powder loads ball mill by weight 0.5:99.5, other conditions, with embodiment 3, make the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Embodiment 5
Ni-coated graphite alkene: copper-0.2% bismuth-3.0% Al alloy powder loads in ball mill by weight 1.0:99.0, other parameters, with embodiment 3, make the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
Embodiment 6
Ni-coated graphite alkene: copper-0.3% bismuth-1.0% nickel alloy powder loads in ball mill by by weight 2.0:98.0, other parameters, with embodiment 3, are made Graphene and are strengthened copper-based electrical contact composite material.
Comparative example 1
Copper-0.4% bismuth-1.5% zinc is loaded ball mill and mixes powder, other parameter, with embodiment 3, makes copper-based electrical contact material.
Comparative example 2
Copper-0.3% bismuth-1.0% nickel is loaded ball mill and mixes powder, other parameter, with embodiment 3, makes copper-based electrical contact material.
Comparative example 3
Graphene and copper are loaded ball mill by weight 2.0:98.0 and mixes powder, other parameter, with embodiment 3, makes copper-based electrical contact material.
The matrix material parameters made is as following table:
Add Ni-coated graphite alkene and make Graphene enhancing copper-based electrical contact composite material, compared with the electrical contact material made with the copper alloy not adding Graphene in comparative example 1,2, specific conductivity, hardness all significantly improve, and hardness can improve more than 60%, and specific conductivity also significantly improves.Compared with the electrical contact material made with the copper alloy adding Graphene in comparative example 3, specific conductivity, hardness also all significantly improve.

Claims (10)

1. an electrical contact material, it is characterized in that, be that 0.1-2.0% Ni-coated graphite alkene and 98.0-99.9% copper alloy form by weight ratio, the weight item of copper alloy is the bismuth of 0.15-0.5%, the metal X of 0.1-3.0%, surplus are copper, and X is selected from one or more in zinc, tin, aluminium, nickel and silver.
2. a kind of electrical contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Graphene is N layer, and N is 1-10.
3. a kind of electrical contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, X is selected from one or more in zinc, al and ni.
4. a preparation method for electrical contact material described in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) adopt direct current magnetron sputtering process that metallic nickel is deposited on graphenic surface, make Ni-coated graphite alkene;
(2) atomization is adopted by copper alloy to make 200-300 object copper alloy powder;
(3) Ni-coated graphite alkene and copper alloy are loaded ball mill ball milling, make Ni-coated graphite alkene and the mixed uniformly powder of copper alloy;
(4) powder after step (3) mixing is put into mould to cold pressing once shaped, sintering;
(5) by blank post forming, sintering, makes the electric contact composite material that Graphene strengthens copper base.
5. the preparation method of a kind of electrical contact material according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step (1), the processing parameter of Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering equipment is: vacuum tightness reaches 0.1*10 -3-1.0*10 -3during Pa, pass into high-purity argon gas, gas pressure in vacuum 0.5-1.2Pa, sputtering power 100-150W, depositing time is 5-30min, preferred 10-30min.
6. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step (3), ball mill working order is: rotating speed 100-250r/min, ball milling 15-20 minute, stop 5 minutes, and clockwise, counterclockwise alternate run, the mixed powder time is 2-6 hour.
7. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, once shaped of colding pressing in described step (4), pressure 400-600MPa, dwell time 3-5 minute.
8. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the vacuum tightness in described step (4) sintering process is 1.0*10 -3-5.0*10 -1pa, sintering temperature 700-900 DEG C, soaking time 2-4 hour.
9. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, post forming in described step (5), pressure is 200-500MPa, dwell time 3-5 minute.
10. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the vacuum tightness in described step (5) sintering process is 1.0*10 -3-5.0*10 -1pa, sintering temperature 700-900 DEG C, soaking time 2-4 hour.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106098490A (en) * 2016-08-08 2016-11-09 李聪 A kind of low-voltage circuit breaker
CN110614381A (en) * 2019-08-06 2019-12-27 温州聚星电接触科技有限公司 Preparation method of silver-based graphene electrical contact material and electrical contact material thereof
EP4089697A1 (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-16 ABB Schweiz AG Metal-graphene coated electrical contact
CN115491081A (en) * 2022-09-16 2022-12-20 江苏智先生电器有限公司 Preparation method and application of sintered graphene ink
CN117337475A (en) * 2021-05-10 2024-01-02 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 Graphene-copper coated electrical contacts

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106098490A (en) * 2016-08-08 2016-11-09 李聪 A kind of low-voltage circuit breaker
CN110614381A (en) * 2019-08-06 2019-12-27 温州聚星电接触科技有限公司 Preparation method of silver-based graphene electrical contact material and electrical contact material thereof
EP4089697A1 (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-16 ABB Schweiz AG Metal-graphene coated electrical contact
CN117337475A (en) * 2021-05-10 2024-01-02 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 Graphene-copper coated electrical contacts
CN115491081A (en) * 2022-09-16 2022-12-20 江苏智先生电器有限公司 Preparation method and application of sintered graphene ink

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