CN105481619B - Combined films coat ANFO explosives prill and its manufacture method - Google Patents
Combined films coat ANFO explosives prill and its manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105481619B CN105481619B CN201410467028.6A CN201410467028A CN105481619B CN 105481619 B CN105481619 B CN 105481619B CN 201410467028 A CN201410467028 A CN 201410467028A CN 105481619 B CN105481619 B CN 105481619B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to civil explosive field, there is provided a kind of combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill and its manufacture method.The explosive is made up of the component of following weight/mass percentage composition：Ammonium nitrate 70%~95%, YMF types compound oil 2%~6%, YMB types covering 1%~3%, YMFJ types anticaking agent 2%~10% and YMBB types surface capping agents 1%~12%.The preparation method：First raw material is pre-processed and preheated, then by formula metering, then YMF types compound oil, YMB types covering, YMFJ types anticaking agent and YMBB types surface capping agents is added in ammonium nitrate successively in order and are well mixed.The explosion property of the explosive is significantly higher than common porous ANFO explosives prill, storage period length, can be used as commodity production；Free-running property is good, use in bulk, is easy to carry out blast hole projectile filling with Pneumatic charge equipment；Easily realize product seriation, applicability is extensive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil explosive field, and in particular to porous particulated ammonium oil explosive field.
Background technology
Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive（ANFO）It is the mixture of ammonium nitrate and light diesel fuel, was once referred to as " most simple
Single explosive ", can be blended in engineering site.Because simple, cheap, domestic and international application exceedes half a century in mining industry.But its
Explosion property is not high, and unstable；Latter week is made, performance is just decreased obviously.Moisture resistance is poor, less water resistant.Use guarantee
Phase（Storage period）Only 1 month.Therefore outdoor dry hole is generally only used for, is only just used for underground mining and underground work when condition is adapted to
Journey.
The shortcomings that in order to overcome this kind of explosive and limitation, in recent decades, both at home and abroad constantly it is improved and
The research of innovation.One of important directions, it is exactly by its particles coat with covering material.
The invention that United States Patent (USP) USP 4,780,156 is announced, its core is a kind of dry type non-explosivity additive, is borrowed
This additive is helped to realize the cladding to ANFO particles；Original free-running property can be kept, improves ANFO explosion property, and can
Make it have water-resistance.The additive has used for reference the technology of bulk explosive, and it contains the gelling agents such as guar gum in forming；Work as gelling agent
When being contacted with water, it is hydrated rapidly and expands, then crosslinked in the presence of crosslinking agent, forms the clad that closing blocks water,
Water is prevented further to invade the powder charge in blasthole.The performance and quality of explosive, largely dependent on dry type additive and ANFO
Mixing quality, not very reliably.The report that this technology obtains practical application is not seen.
The invention that United States Patent (USP) 5,454,889 is announced, for the particle increasing stick to ANFO and keeps free-running property, makes to fry
Medicine can be used for up-hole, have developed the mixture being made up of fuel oil, mineral oil, diesel oil etc. and slack wax；In molten
Under state, it is sprayed on ammoniumnitrate prill, forms required clad.Explosive made of so, adds blasting explosive granules
Surface tackiness, improve water-resistance, storage period extends than porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, but explosion property reduces.
The invention that Japan Patent publication Te Open 2002-060293 are announced, selective polymer are used for the cladding of blasting explosive granules；
In process is coated, polymer solidifies gradually in the liquid of melting after completing cladding.It is intended to, by effectively coating, make to be ground
The explosive of system has enough water-resistance in the soaking time required for actual use, and keeps the free-running property of explosive and quick-fried
Fried performance.The effect of acquirement is that water-resistance improves, but still can not meet the requirement of water-filling blasthole, and explosion property
It has dropped than ANFO.
Changsha Mine Inst have developed higher " the WBN series thickening prilled ammoniums of explosion property in the beginning of the nineties in last century
Fried medicine ", brisance（Steel pipe）The mm of 28 mm~29, explosion velocity（Steel pipe）The m/s of 3200 m/s~3600, acting ability 310 ml~
320 ml ；Particle surface has stickiness and is adapted to Pneumatic charge, is mainly used in the upper centripetal deep hole explosion of underground mining.Zeng Yi
A little Large Underground lead zinc, iron ore mine succeed application, have built production line.But this kind of explosive, several days of the stickiness of particle surface
Just it is remarkably decreased afterwards, thus is only suitable for self-produced personal.
Case above shows, these previous technological progresses, does not make porous particulated ammonium oil explosive in explosion property, protection against the tide
Property, storage period, broad applicability under different engineering specifications etc., obtain and relatively significantly improve comprehensively, its performance and should
Effect is often that this rises that drop.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to develop a kind of combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill so that the explosion property of the explosive is notable
Higher than common porous ANFO explosives prill, storage period length, commodity production can be used as；Free-running property is good, use in bulk, is easy to calming the anger
Charge device carries out blast hole projectile filling；Easily realize product seriation, applicability is extensive；Its component is nontoxic, and production process is without waste water, useless
Gas, waste sludge discharge；For product without cap-sensitivity, the intrinsic safety produce, store, transport, used is high.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of combined films coat ANFO explosives prill, are made up of the component of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Ammonium nitrate 70%~95%,
YMF types compound oil 2%~6%,
YMB types covering 1%~3%,
YMFJ types anticaking agent 2%~10%,
YMBB types surface capping agents 1%~12%, and the weight/mass percentage composition sum of each component is 100%.
Wherein YMF types compound oil, YMB types covering, YMFJ types anticaking agent and YMBB type surface capping agents etc., are length
The product of Sha Yinmang Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd, can easily it be bought by ordering goods（Network address：www.ymhgkj.cn）.
It is preferred that it is made up of the component of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Ammonium nitrate 75%~90%,
YMF types compound oil 3%~4.5%,
YMB types covering 1.2%~2.5%,
YMFJ types anticaking agent 3.5%~8%,
YMBB types surface capping agents 4%~8%, and the weight/mass percentage composition sum of each component is 100%.
The preparation method of the combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill, comprises the following steps：
(1) ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, is heated to 40 DEG C~95 DEG C；
(2) YMF type compound oils are preheating to 35 DEG C~55 DEG C, Overheating Treatment are added with spray or spray pattern more
In the ammonium nitrate of hole, mixed, absorbed, the ammonium nitrate of compound oil must be absorbed；
(3) YMB type coverings are preheating to 50 DEG C~95 DEG C, with spray or spray pattern be added to it is described absorb it is compound
In the ammonium nitrate of oil, mixed, coated, be homogenized, the blasting explosive granules of handy covering cladding；
(4) YMFJ type anticaking agents are added in the blasting explosive granules coated with covering, are well mixed, obtain explosive；
(5) it is added to after YMBB types surface capping agents are disperseed with mechanical force in the explosive, carries out mixing and coat again, it is cold
But it is finished product afterwards.
Compared with porous particulated ammonium oil explosive prior art, the present invention has the advantage that：
（1）Ammonium nitrate of the present invention is heat-treated, and improves the fine structure inside particle, is improved fried
The available energy and blast efficiency of medicine blast release；
(2) the property of YMF types compound oil of the present invention makes its retention time in blasting explosive granules longer, is not easy to ooze out；
(3) the combined films that the present invention is gradually formed with different additives, continuous, fine and close, the elastic and appropriate stickiness of tool, make
Obtain blasting explosive granules and can reach higher clad ratio, there is the function such as hydrophobic, closing, protection, wear-resisting；
(4) the explosion properties that prepared by the present invention significantly improve, the general mm of ＞ 24 of brisance, still ＞ 20 after storing 6 months
mm（The brisance of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive typically≤20 mm, storage just drop to 15 mm in 1 month）；
(5) the explosive storage period that prepared by the present invention greatly improves, and has exceeded 6 months, Ammodyte can be used as to produce and sell
（The only 1 month storage period of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, it is suitable for scene and is blended or is blended nearby）；
(6) though, the combined film cladding of explosive that prepared by the present invention, free-running property is still good, suitable for Pneumatic charge, to big gun on
Kong Shi, falls that medicine rate is low and the hourly efficiency of powder charge is high, to underground site powder charge environment without dust pollution, nontoxic；
(7) explosive of the invention easily realizes product seriation, can meet the requirement of different blasting engineering conditions（Water-filling blasthole
Except）, applicability is extensive；It can be not only used for surface blasting engineering, it can also be used to tunnel, the small diameter blasthole of tunnel piercing and underground
The upper centripetal deep hole of exploitation, and hole depth is more than 20 m, different directions inclination blasthole（The explosivity of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive
The relatively low and moisture resistance of energy is poor, typically inapplicable to most of engineering specifications of underground mining）；
This kind of explosive without cap-sensitivity and applicability it is extensive, it is promoted the use of, will make civil explosive consume kind
Structure varies widely, and the use ratio of no cap-sensitivity explosive will be stepped up to main status, and it is public to be advantageous to society
The raising of security.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Combined films coat the composition of ANFO explosives prill（Mass fraction, %）For：Ammonium nitrate 70~95, YMF
Type compound oil 2~6, YMB types covering 1~3, YMFJ types anticaking agent 2~10 and YMBB types surface capping agents 1~12；Wherein
Ammonium nitrate is the basic chemical industry product produced by national standard, and YMF types compound oil, YMB types covering, YMFJ types are prevented
Agglomeration agent and YMBB type surface capping agents etc. are special raw material and additive, are the production of Changsha Yinmang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Product.
The preparation method and step of combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill are as follows：(1) ammonium nitrate is first subjected to heat
Processing, is heated to 40 DEG C~95 DEG C；(2) YMF type compound oils are preheating to 35 DEG C~55 DEG C again, added with spray or spray pattern
Into the ammonium nitrate of Overheating Treatment, mixed, absorbed；(3) the YMB type coverings of semisolid are preheating to
50 DEG C~95 DEG C, it is added in the ammonium nitrate for having mixed, having absorbed compound oil, is mixed with spray or spray pattern
Close, cladding, homogenizing；(4) the YMFJ type anticaking agents of powdery are added in the blasting explosive granules of covering cladding, be well mixed；
(5) it is added to after finally the YMBB types surface capping agents of colloidal are disperseed with mechanical force in explosive, carries out mixing and coat again；⑹
It is finished product after cooling, is filled into coated knitted bag storage.
Embodiment 1：
First standby ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, is warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compound oils are preheated to 50
DEG C, YMB-1 type coverings are preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately weigh：Ammonium nitrate 188.6 g, YMF-1 type compound oil
7.8 g, YMB-1 type covering 3.6 g, YMFJ-1 type anticaking agent（That is YMFJ-1 series anticaking agent） 6.4 g,YMBB-
1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents）18.0 g.Combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill is blended by such as
Lower step is carried out：First load weighted ammonium nitrate is poured into container, then YMF-1 types compound oil equably sprayed into or
Instill in ammonium nitrate, stir 5 minutes.Then load weighted YMB-1 types covering is equably sprayed into or dripped again
Enter, continue stirring 5 minutes.Then YMFJ-1 type anticaking agents are poured into container, stirred 3 minutes.Finally by surface YMB-1 types
Covering adds the surface of mixture in a reservoir, stir 8 minutes.Obtained explosive, particle surface have appropriate stickiness, warp
Detection, acting ability is 330.7 ml.
Embodiment 2：
First standby raw material is heat-treated and preheated（It is same as Example 1）.Then accurately weigh：Porous and granular nitric acid
The g of ammonium 188.6 g, YMF-1 type compound oil 7.8, YMB-1 types covering 3.6 g, YMFJ-1 type anticaking agent（That is YMFJ-1 systems
Row anticaking agent）4.6 g, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents） 12.0 g.Combined films bag
The method and steps that is blended of ANFO explosives prill is covered, it is same as Example 1.Obtained explosive, particle surface have appropriate stickiness, warp
Detection, explosion velocity（Steel tube confinement）For 3226 m/s.
Embodiment 3：
First standby raw material is heat-treated and preheated（It is same as Example 1）.Then accurately weigh：Porous and granular nitric acid
The g of ammonium 188.6 g, YMF-1 type compound oil 7.8, YMB-1 types covering 3.0 g, YMFJ-1 type anticaking agent（That is YMFJ-1 systems
Row anticaking agent）10.4 g, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents） 10.0 g.Combined films
The method and steps that is blended of ANFO explosives prill is coated, it is same as Example 1.Obtained explosive detects after storing 174 days, brisance
（Steel tube confinement）For 24.5 mm.
Embodiment 4：
First standby ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, is warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compound oils are preheated to 50
DEG C, YMB-1 type coverings are preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately weigh：Ammonium nitrate 141.45 kg, YMF-1 type is compound
5.85 kg of oil, YMB types covering 2.70 kg, YMFJ-1 type anticaking agent（That is YMFJ-1 series anticaking agent） 6.20 kg,
YMBB-1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents） 9.00 kg.Combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill mixes
System is carried out as follows：First load weighted ammonium nitrate is poured into cone-type mixer, and stirring of starting shooting.Again will
YMF-1 type compound oils are homogeneously added into ammonium nitrate in a manner of spraying.Again by load weighted YMB-1 types after 5 minutes
Covering is equally homogeneously added into mixer in a manner of spray, continues stirring 5 minutes.Then by YMFJ-1 type anticaking agents
Pour into wherein, stir 3 minutes.Finally by YMBB-1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents）It is added in mixer
The surface of middle mixture, stir 8 minutes.Obtained explosive after testing, brisance（Steel tube confinement）For 27.70 mm.
Embodiment 5：
The permeability comparative experiments of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive is blended using YMF-1 types compound oil and using No. 0 diesel oil.
The time required to shortening experiment, to take the experiment condition enhanced：(1) temperature of explosive sample is made to be maintained at 25
DEG C~30 DEG C（As needed to reheat when specimen temperature is less than this temperature during experiment, being incubated）；(2) it is loaded into the graduated cylinder of sample
Discharged after being promoted to 5 cm height, then free-falling recurs to free-falling again to table top is tested, it is 1 so to repeat 200 times
Individual circulation.During experiment, two graduated cylinders for having filled same volume sample are one group, the free-falling experiment of 8 circulations of every group of carry out
After operation, sampled from graduated cylinder top, determine the content of diesel oil and YMF-1 type compound oils.
Experimental result is as follows：The explosive sample being blended with diesel oil, initial Determination of Diesel Oil are 6 %, by 8 circulation from
After the experimental implementation of whereabouts, the Determination of Diesel Oil of two parallel samples is reduced to 4.67 % and 5.13 % respectively, the % of average out to 4.90, i.e.,
18.3 % are reduced than initial Determination of Diesel Oil；And the explosive sample being blended with YMF-1 type compound oils, initial YMF-1 types are answered
It is also 6 % to close oil content, after the same experimental implementation of 8 circulations, the compound oil content difference of YMF-1 types of two parallel samples
5.63 % and 5.68 % are reduced to, the % of average out to 5.66, i.e., only reduce 5.67 % than the initial compound oil content of YMF-1 types.
Experiment shows, is blended porous particulated ammonium oil explosive using diesel oil, diesel oil Rong Yi Seepage go out in storage process, are unfavorable for the storage of explosive
Deposit；And be blended using YMF-1 type compound oils, YMF-1 types compound oil Bu Yi Seepage go out in storage process.
Embodiment 6：
First standby ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, is warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compound oils are preheated to 50
DEG C, YMB-1 type coverings are preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately weigh：Ammonium nitrate 120.75 kg, YMF-1 type is compound
5.70 kg of oil, YMB-1 types covering 2.25 kg, YMFJ-1 type anticaking agent（That is YMFJ-1 series anticaking agent） 14.25
Kg, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents（That is YMBB-1 series surface capping agents） 7.50 kg.Combined films coat ANFO explosives prill
Be blended and carry out as follows：First load weighted ammonium nitrate is poured into cone-type mixer, and stirring of starting shooting.Again
YMF-1 type compound oils are homogeneously added into ammonium nitrate in a manner of spraying.Again by load weighted YMB-1 after 5 minutes
Type covering is equally homogeneously added into mixer in a manner of spray, continues stirring 5 minutes.Then by YMFJ-1 type anticaking agents
Pour into wherein, stir 3 minutes.YMBB-1 type surface capping agents are finally added in the surface of mixture in mixer, stirred 8 minutes
.Obtained explosive loads coated knitted bag storage storage.Storage detects after 235 days, brisance（Steel tube confinement）For 21.65
mm.（Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive is stored 30 days, and brisance just drops to 15 mm）.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of combined films coat ANFO explosives prill, it is characterized in that, it is made up of the component of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Ammonium nitrate 70%~95%,
YMF types compound oil 2%~6%,
YMB types covering 1%~3%,
YMFJ types anticaking agent 2%~10%,
YMBB types surface capping agents 1%~12%, and the weight/mass percentage composition sum of each component is 100%；
The preparation method of the combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill comprises the following steps：
(1) ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, is heated to 40 DEG C~95 DEG C；
(2) YMF type compound oils are preheating to 35 DEG C~55 DEG C, the porous grain of Overheating Treatment is added with spray or spray pattern
In shape ammonium nitrate, mixed, absorbed, the ammonium nitrate of compound oil must be absorbed；
(3) YMB type coverings are preheating to 50 DEG C~95 DEG C, the described compound oil that absorbs is added to spray or spray pattern
In ammonium nitrate, mixed, coated, be homogenized, the blasting explosive granules of handy covering cladding；
(4) YMFJ type anticaking agents are added in the blasting explosive granules coated with covering, are well mixed, obtain explosive；
(5) it is added to after YMBB types surface capping agents are disperseed with mechanical force in the explosive, carries out mixing and coat again, after cooling
As finished product.
2. combined films cladding ANFO explosives prill according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by the group of following weight/mass percentage composition
It is grouped into：
Ammonium nitrate 75%~90%,
YMF types compound oil 3%~4.5%,
YMB types covering 1.2%~2.5%,
YMFJ types anticaking agent 3.5%~8%,
YMBB types surface capping agents 4%~8%, and the weight/mass percentage composition sum of each component is 100%.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101045663A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy coal mine permitted powder emulsified explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2602732A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-07-08 | Atlas Powder Co | Ammonium nitrate explosive |
| JPS6054992A (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-03-29 | 日本油脂株式会社 | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition |
| CN1079951A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-repellent nitramon used in ladder-less coal mine |
| CN1186794A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-08 | 冶金工业部长沙矿冶研究院 | Formula of pressure formed ammonium nitrate explosive and its production method |
| CN1263709C (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2006-07-12 | 南京理工大学 | Rock powder shaped emulsion explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101045663A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy coal mine permitted powder emulsified explosive and preparation method thereof |
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