CN105481619A - Combination-membrane-coated granulous ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil explosive mixture and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Combination-membrane-coated granulous ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil explosive mixture and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105481619A CN105481619A CN201410467028.6A CN201410467028A CN105481619A CN 105481619 A CN105481619 A CN 105481619A CN 201410467028 A CN201410467028 A CN 201410467028A CN 105481619 A CN105481619 A CN 105481619A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of a civil explosive, and provides a combination-membrane-coated granulous ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil explosive mixture and a manufacture method of the explosive mixture. The explosive mixture comprises the following components, by mass percentage: 70-95% of porous granulous ammonium nitrate, 2-6% of YMF-type composite oil, 1-3% of a YMB-type coating agent, 2-10% of a YMFJ-type anti-caking agent, and 1-12% of a YMBB-type surface coating agent. The manufacture method comprises: pre-treating and pre-heating raw materials; weighing the raw materials according to the formula above; and adding the YMF-type composite oil, the YMB-type coating agent, the YMFJ-type anti-caking agent, and the YMBB-type surface coating agent into porous granulous ammonium nitrate for uniform mixing. The explosive mixture has explosion performance significantly better than that of an ordinary porous ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil explosive mixture, has a long storage period, and can be produced as a commodity. The explosive mixture is good in free-running property, can be packed in bulk for use, and can be easily charged in a blast hole through a pressure charging machine. The explosive mixture can be easily serialized and widely used.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil explosive field, be specifically related to porous particulated ammonium oil explosive field.
Background technology
Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive (ANFO) is the mixture of ammonium nitrate and solar oil, is once called as " the simplest explosive ", can in the mixed system of engineering site.Because of simple, cheap, domestic and international application exceedes half a century in mining industry.But its blast performance is not high, and unstable; Make latter one week, performance just obviously declines.Moistureproofness is poor, more not water resistant.Use the warranty period (storage period) only 1 month.Therefore usually only for outdoor dry hole, only when condition is applicable to just for underground mining and underground works.
In order to overcome the shortcomings and limitations of this kind of explosive, in recent decades, continuous the research to its improvement and bring new ideas is being carried out both at home and abroad.One of them important directions is exactly by its particles coat with coating material.
US Patent No. P4,780,156 inventions of announcing, its core is a kind of dry type non-explosivity additive, by coated to ANFO particle of this additive realization; Original free-running property can be kept, improve the blast performance of ANFO, can water resisting property be made it have again.This additive has used for reference the technology of slurry explosive, containing jelling agents such as guar gums in its composition; When jelling agent contacts with water, rapid hydration is also expanded, and then occur crosslinked under the effect of linking agent, form the coating layer closed and block water, prevention water invades the powder charge in big gun hole further.The Performance and quality of explosive, depends on the mixing quality of dry type additive and ANFO largely, very unreliable.Do not see the report that this technology obtains practical application.
United States Patent (USP) 5,454,889 inventions of announcing, increase to give the particle of ANFO and stick and keep free-running property, make explosive can be used for up-hole, have developed the mixture be made up of oil fuel, mineral oil, diesel oil etc. and slack wax; In the molten state, be sprayed on ammonium nitrate granule, the coating layer required by formation.The explosive made like this, add the surface tackiness of blasting explosive granules, improve water resisting property, storage period extends than porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, but blast performance reduces.
The invention that Japanese Patent publication Te Open 2002-060293 announces, selective polymer is used for the coated of blasting explosive granules; In coated operation, polymkeric substance is the liquid state of melting, complete coated after gradually solidify.Be intended to by effectively coated, make developed explosive in the soaking time required for reality use, there is enough water resisting property, and keep free-running property and the blast performance of explosive.The effect obtained is that water resisting property improves, but still can not meet the service requirements in water-filling big gun hole, and blast performance have dropped than ANFO.
Changsha Mine Inst, the beginning of the nineties in last century, have developed " WBN series thickening ANFO explosives prill " that blast performance is higher, brisance (steel pipe) 28mm ~ 29mm, explosion velocity (steel pipe) 3200m/s ~ 3600m/s, acting ability 310ml ~ 320ml; Particle surface has stickiness and is applicable to Pneumatic charge, is mainly used in the upper centripetal deep hole explosion of underground mining.Once succeeded in the plumbous zinc of some Large Undergrounds, iron mine application, built production line.But this kind of explosive, the stickiness of particle surface just significantly have dropped for several days afterwards, is thus only suitable for self-produced personal.
Above situation shows, previously these technical progresses, do not make, in the broad applicability of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive under blast performance, moistureproofness, storage period, different engineering specifications etc., to obtain and improve more comprehensively and significantly, this rises that and falls often for the effect of its performance and application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to develop the coated ANFO explosives prill of a kind of combined films, make the blast performance of this explosive be significantly higher than common porous ANFO explosives prill, storage period is long, can be used as commodity production; Free-running property is good, use in bulk, is easy to carry out blast hole projectile filling with Pneumatic charge equipment; Easily realize product seriation, suitability is extensive; Its component is nontoxic, and production process is discharged without waste water,waste gas and industrial residue; Product is without cap-sensitivity, and the intrinsic safety produce, store, transport, used is high.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The coated ANFO explosives prill of a kind of combined films, is made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Ammonium nitrate 70% ~ 95%,
YMF type compounded oil 2% ~ 6%,
YMB type coating 1% ~ 3%,
YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent 2% ~ 10%,
YMBB type surface capping agents 1% ~ 12%, and the mass percentage sum of each component is 100%.
Wherein YMF type compounded oil, YMB type coating, YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent and YMBB type surface capping agents etc., be the product of Changsha Yinmang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., buys easily (network address: www.ymhgkj.cn) by ordering goods.
Preferably be made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Ammonium nitrate 75% ~ 90%,
YMF type compounded oil 3% ~ 4.5%,
YMB type coating 1.2% ~ 2.5%,
YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent 3.5% ~ 8%,
YMBB type surface capping agents 4% ~ 8%, and the mass percentage sum of each component is 100%.
The preparation method of the coated ANFO explosives prill of described combined films, comprises the following steps:
(1) ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, be heated to 40 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C;
(2) YMF type compounded oil is preheating to 35 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C, to spray or spray pattern adds in the ammonium nitrate of Overheating Treatment, carries out mixing, absorbing, the ammonium nitrate of compounded oil must be absorbed;
(3) YMB type coating is preheating to 50 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C, with spray or spray pattern be added to described in absorb in the ammonium nitrate of compounded oil, carry out mixing, coated, homogenizing, the blasting explosive granules that handy coating is coated;
(4) YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent is added in the coated blasting explosive granules of described coating, mixes, obtain explosive;
By YMBB type surface capping agents to be added in described explosive after mechanical force dispersion, carry out mixing and coated again, after cooling, be finished product.
Compared with porous particulated ammonium oil explosive prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) ammonium nitrate of the present invention has carried out thermal treatment, improves the microtexture of granule interior, improves available energy and the blast efficiency of explosive charge release;
(2) YMF type compound oil properties of the present invention makes its hold-time in blasting explosive granules longer, not easily oozes out;
(3) the combined films that successively formed with different additives of the present invention, continuously, fine and close, tool elasticity and appropriate stickiness, the clad ratio making blasting explosive granules can reach higher, there is hydrophobic, close, protection, the function such as wear-resisting;
(4) the explosion properties that prepared by the present invention significantly improves, the general > 24mm of brisance, and the brisance storing still > 20mm(porous particulated ammonium oil explosive after 6 months is general≤20mm, store and just drop to 15mm in 1 month);
(5) the explosive that prepared by the present invention improves storage period greatly, has exceeded 6 months, can be used as Ammodyte and produces and sells (only 1 month storage period of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive was suitable for on-the-spot mixed system or mixed system nearby);
(6) though the explosive prepared of the present invention is coated through combined films, free-running property is still good, is suitable for Pneumatic charge, during for up-hole, falls that medicine rate is low and the hourly efficiency of powder charge is high, to underground site powder charge environment no dust pollution, nontoxic;
(7) explosive of the present invention easily realizes product seriation, and can meet the requirement (except water-filling big gun hole) of different blasting works condition, suitability is extensive; Both can be used for surface blasting engineering, also can be used for tunnel, the small diameter blasthole of tunnel driving and the upper centripetal deep hole of underground mining, and hole depth is more than the inclination big gun hole (blast performance of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive is lower and moistureproofness is poor, generally inapplicable to most of engineering specifications of underground mining) of 20m, different directions;
(8) this kind of explosive is without cap-sensitivity and suitability is extensive, promoting the use of of it, and the larger change of the breed structure consumed making civil explosive generation, the usage ratio without cap-sensitivity explosive will progressively rise to main status, be conducive to the raising of social public security.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
The composition (massfraction, %) of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films is: ammonium nitrate 70 ~ 95, YMF type compounded oil 2 ~ 6, YMB type coating 1 ~ 3, YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent 2 ~ 10 and YMBB type surface capping agents 1 ~ 12; Wherein ammonium nitrate is the basic chemical industry product produced by national standard, YMF type compounded oil, YMB type coating, YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent and YMBB type surface capping agents etc. are special raw material and additive, are the product of Changsha Yinmang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd..
Preparation method and the step of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films are as follows: (1) first heat-treated by ammonium nitrate, are heated to 40 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C; (2) again YMF type compounded oil is preheating to 35 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C, to spray or spray pattern joins in the ammonium nitrate of Overheating Treatment, carries out mixing, absorbing; (3) semi-solid YMB type coating is preheating to 50 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C, to spray or spray pattern is added to and mixes, absorbs in the ammonium nitrate of compounded oil, carries out mixing, coated, homogenizing; (4) the YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent of powdery is added in the coated blasting explosive granules of coating, mixes; Last by the YMBB type surface capping agents of colloidal to be added in explosive after mechanical force dispersion, carry out mixing and coated again; (6) be finished product after cooling, be filled into coated knitted bag storage.
embodiment 1:
First ammonium nitrate for subsequent use is done thermal treatment, be warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compounded oil is preheated to 50 DEG C, and YMB-1 type coating is preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately take: ammonium nitrate 188.6g, YMF-1 type compounded oil 7.8g, YMB-1 type coating 3.6g, YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent (i.e. YMFJ-1 series anti-hard caking agent) 6.4g, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) 18.0g.The mixed system of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films is carried out as follows: first poured in container by load weighted ammonium nitrate, then is sprayed into equably by YMF-1 type compounded oil or instill in ammonium nitrate, stirs 5 minutes.And then load weighted YMB-1 type coating is sprayed into equably or instills, continue stirring 5 minutes.Then YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent is poured in container, stir 3 minutes.Finally surperficial YMB-1 type coating is added the surface of mixture in a reservoir, stir 8 minutes.Obtained explosive, particle surface has appropriate stickiness, and after testing, acting ability is 330.7ml.
embodiment 2:
First raw material for subsequent use is done thermal treatment and preheating (identical with embodiment 1).Then accurately take: ammonium nitrate 188.6g, YMF-1 type compounded oil 7.8g, YMB-1 type coating 3.6g, YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent (i.e. YMFJ-1 series anti-hard caking agent) 4.6g, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) 12.0g.The method mixed processed of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films and step are identical with embodiment 1.Obtained explosive, particle surface has appropriate stickiness, and after testing, explosion velocity (steel tube confinement) is 3226m/s.
embodiment 3:
First raw material for subsequent use is done thermal treatment and preheating (identical with embodiment 1).Then accurately take: ammonium nitrate 188.6g, YMF-1 type compounded oil 7.8g, YMB-1 type coating 3.0g, YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent (i.e. YMFJ-1 series anti-hard caking agent) 10.4g, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) 10.0g.The method mixed processed of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films and step are identical with embodiment 1.Detect after obtained explosive stores 174 days, brisance (steel tube confinement) is 24.5mm.
embodiment 4:
First ammonium nitrate for subsequent use is done thermal treatment, be warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compounded oil is preheated to 50 DEG C, and YMB-1 type coating is preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately take: ammonium nitrate 141.45kg, YMF-1 type compounded oil 5.85kg, YMB type coating 2.70kg, YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent (i.e. YMFJ-1 series anti-hard caking agent) 6.20kg, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) 9.00kg.The mixed system of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films is carried out as follows: first poured in cone-type mixer by load weighted ammonium nitrate, and start is stirred.Again YMF-1 type compounded oil is added in ammonium nitrate equably in spray mode.Again load weighted YMB-1 type coating is added in mixing machine equably in spray mode equally after 5 minutes, continue stirring 5 minutes.Then YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent is poured into wherein, stir 3 minutes.Finally YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) is added in the surface of mixture in mixing machine, stir 8 minutes.After testing, brisance (steel tube confinement) is 27.70mm to obtained explosive.
embodiment 5:
Use YMF-1 type compounded oil and use No. 0 diesel oil to mix the oil impregnate comparative experiments of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive processed.
For shortening experiment required time, take the experiment condition enhanced: (1) makes the temperature of explosive sample remain on 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C (as specimen temperature in experimentation need reheat lower than during this temperature, be incubated); (2) discharge after the graduated cylinder loading sample being promoted to 5cm height, free-falling, to testing table top, then recurs to free-falling again, and so repeating is for 200 times 1 circulation.During experiment, two graduated cylinders having filled same volume sample are one group, after often group carries out the free-falling experimental implementation of 8 circulations, from the sampling of graduated cylinder top, measure the content of diesel oil and YMF-1 type compounded oil.
Experimental result is as follows: the explosive sample mixing system with diesel oil, initial Determination of Diesel Oil is 6%, and after the free-falling experimental implementation of 8 circulations, the Determination of Diesel Oil of two parallel samples is reduced to 4.67% and 5.13% respectively, average out to 4.90%, namely reduces 18.3% than initial Determination of Diesel Oil; And the explosive sample of system is mixed with YMF-1 type compounded oil, initial YMF-1 type compounded oil content is also 6%, after 8 circulate same experimental implementation, the YMF-1 type compounded oil content of two parallel samples is reduced to 5.63% and 5.68% respectively, average out to 5.66%, namely only reduces 5.67% than initial YMF-1 type compounded oil content.Experiment shows, use the mixed porous particulated ammonium oil explosive processed of diesel oil, in storage process, diesel oil Rong Yi Seepage goes out, and is unfavorable for the storage of explosive; And using the mixed system of YMF-1 type compounded oil, in storage process, YMF-1 type compounded oil Bu Yi Seepage goes out.
embodiment 6:
First ammonium nitrate for subsequent use is done thermal treatment, be warming up to 90 DEG C, YMF-1 type compounded oil is preheated to 50 DEG C, and YMB-1 type coating is preheated to 90 DEG C.Then accurately take: ammonium nitrate 120.75kg, YMF-1 type compounded oil 5.70kg, YMB-1 type coating 2.25kg, YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent (i.e. YMFJ-1 series anti-hard caking agent) 14.25kg, YMBB-1 type surface capping agents (i.e. YMBB-1 series surface capping agents) 7.50kg.The mixed system of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films is carried out as follows: first poured in cone-type mixer by load weighted ammonium nitrate, and start is stirred.Again YMF-1 type compounded oil is added in ammonium nitrate equably in spray mode.Again load weighted YMB-1 type coating is added in mixing machine equably in spray mode equally after 5 minutes, continue stirring 5 minutes.Then YMFJ-1 type anti-hard caking agent is poured into wherein, stir 3 minutes.Finally YMBB-1 type surface capping agents is added in the surface of mixture in mixing machine, stir 8 minutes.Obtained explosive loads the storage of coated knitted bag warehouse-in.Store and detect after 235 days, brisance (steel tube confinement) is 21.65mm.(porous particulated ammonium oil explosive stores 30 days, and brisance just drops to 15mm).
Claims (3)
1. the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films, is characterized in that, is made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Ammonium nitrate 70% ~ 95%,
YMF type compounded oil 2% ~ 6%,
YMB type coating 1% ~ 3%,
YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent 2% ~ 10%,
YMBB type surface capping agents 1% ~ 12%, and the mass percentage sum of each component is 100%.
2. the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films according to claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following mass percentage:
Ammonium nitrate 75% ~ 90%,
YMF type compounded oil 3% ~ 4.5%,
YMB type coating 1.2% ~ 2.5%,
YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent 3.5% ~ 8%,
YMBB type surface capping agents 4% ~ 8%, and the mass percentage sum of each component is 100%.
3. the preparation method of the coated ANFO explosives prill of combined films according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ammonium nitrate is heat-treated, be heated to 40 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C;
(2) YMF type compounded oil is preheating to 35 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C, to spray or spray pattern adds in the ammonium nitrate of Overheating Treatment, carries out mixing, absorbing, the ammonium nitrate of compounded oil must be absorbed;
(3) YMB type coating is preheating to 50 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C, with spray or spray pattern be added to described in absorb in the ammonium nitrate of compounded oil, carry out mixing, coated, homogenizing, the blasting explosive granules that handy coating is coated;
(4) YMFJ type anti-hard caking agent is added in the coated blasting explosive granules of described coating, mixes, obtain explosive;
By YMBB type surface capping agents to be added in described explosive after mechanical force dispersion, carry out mixing and coated again, after cooling, be finished product.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2602732A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-07-08 | Atlas Powder Co | Ammonium nitrate explosive |
| EP0142916A1 (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-05-29 | Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition |
| CN1079951A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-repellent nitramon used in ladder-less coal mine |
| CN1186794A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-08 | 冶金工业部长沙矿冶研究院 | Formula of pressure formed ammonium nitrate explosive and its production method |
| CN1566039A (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-01-19 | 南京理工大学 | Rock powder shaped emulsion explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101045663A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy coal mine permitted powder emulsified explosive and preparation method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-09-15 CN CN201410467028.6A patent/CN105481619B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2602732A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1952-07-08 | Atlas Powder Co | Ammonium nitrate explosive |
| EP0142916A1 (en) * | 1983-09-07 | 1985-05-29 | Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition |
| CN1079951A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-repellent nitramon used in ladder-less coal mine |
| CN1186794A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-08 | 冶金工业部长沙矿冶研究院 | Formula of pressure formed ammonium nitrate explosive and its production method |
| CN1566039A (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-01-19 | 南京理工大学 | Rock powder shaped emulsion explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101045663A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy coal mine permitted powder emulsified explosive and preparation method thereof |
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