CN105478761A - Laser forming method of Cr3C2-CoCr composite component - Google Patents

Laser forming method of Cr3C2-CoCr composite component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105478761A
CN105478761A CN201510895449.3A CN201510895449A CN105478761A CN 105478761 A CN105478761 A CN 105478761A CN 201510895449 A CN201510895449 A CN 201510895449A CN 105478761 A CN105478761 A CN 105478761A
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powder
laser
laser forming
hopper
cocr
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Inventor
娄德元
刘顿
朱思雄
王君兰
邓波
关来庆
翟中生
胡勇涛
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Hubei University of Technology
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F1/0003—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/52—Hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser forming method of a Cr3C2-CoCr metal composite structural component. Raw material powder selected in the laser forming method comprises, by weight percent, 4.21-5.69% of graphite, 29.88-47.05% of Cr, 0.54-0.96% of rare earth oxide and the balance Co. A multi-hopper spiral powder conveying and mixing system is used for performing powder conveying and timely mixing and formed by connecting three powder conveyors and one common laser head through powder conveying pipes. The system is used for controlling powder conveying and lasers, forming of the composite component is achieved, and the fracture toughness of a composite can reach more than 80% of base metal materials.

Description

A kind of Cr 3c 2the laser forming method of-CoCr composite element
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser forming field, relate to a kind of Cr 3c 2the laser forming method of-CoCr composite element.
Background technology
CoCr base alloy and composite mechanical behavior under high temperature thereof are good, and anti-wear performance, corrosion-resistant and pyro-oxidation resistance is all good, is widely used in the industries such as Aero-Space, metallurgy, the energy.The carbide of Cr mainly contains M 3c 2, M 3c,M 7c 3and M 23c 6etc. type, thermodynamic stability is preferably Cr 3c 2, Cr 7c 3and Cr 23c 6, Cr 3c 2and Cr 7c 3the conventional wild phase being metal-base composites (MMC).Wherein Cr 3c 2still can keep quite high hardness under the high temperature conditions, also there is very strong corrosion resistance and wearability.
The technology of preparing of MMC, according to the difference of the feed postition of enhancing particle, can be divided into in-situ authigenic and pressure to add two kinds.Additional Cr 3c 2the Laser Processing composite of particle, can cause Cr in material 3c 2decompose, and regenerate Cr 7c 3in carbide, become Cr 3c 2one of difficult point of composite Laser Processing.In-situ authigenic technology is by alloy designs, reaction in-situ nucleation in parent metal, generate one or more thermodynamically stable wild phases, The method avoids the decomposition of additional reinforcement, economize energy, resource can emissions reduction, the reinforcement surface no-pollution of material, product properties is excellent.But its technical process requires strictly, more difficult grasp and the composition of wild phase and volume fraction wayward.
The method of laser forming technology utilization small size accumulation forming, can being uniformly distributed at macro-control wild phase, for powder-feeding laser shaped in situ particle reinforce MMC provides possibility.Metal powder differs comparatively large with the bulk density of graphite powder, in laser forming process, easily cause layering because powder density difference is comparatively large, cause the skewness of wild phase, and can change the design mix of wild phase, significantly reduce Cr in molded component 3c 2the performance of-CoCr composite material component.Therefore the present invention adopts the method that on-line continuous powder-feeding laser In-situ reaction is shaped, preparation Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite material component, makes the wild phase of molded component distribute controlled continuously.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of wild phase and distributes controlled Cr 3c 2the laser forming method of-CoCr composite element.The inventive method is set about from fabricated in situ route and laser forming technique, and wild phase is uniformly distributed in the composite, realizes the Cr of function admirable 3c 2the laser forming of-CoCr composite material component.
The inventive method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 4.21 ~ 5.69wt.%, Cr29.88 ~ 47.05wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.54 ~ 0.96wt.%, Co surplus; Raw material adopts powder, the particle size of metal powder and graphite powder 50 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and RE oxide powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 5 hour;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Adopt the powder feeding of many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system and mixing in time, described many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, the mixed-powder of Cr and rare earth oxide is put into the 1st hopper, Co powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and the ratio of powder is controlled by adjustment screw speed;
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, encircles powder feeding to molten bath, makes each uniform composition distribution in molten bath; The digital figure hierarchy slicing of design part, and set up laser beam scan path, Digit Control Machine Tool carries out laser forming; In forming process, control screw speed, make the wild phase Cr that local generates 3c 2ratio in component becomes gradient consecutive variations, and namely component skin is Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite, internal layer is metal matrix material, and the raw material of final utilization meets the proportion requirement of step (1).
Optical fiber/semiconductor/CO is adopted in step (3) 2laser instrument, power output 200 ~ 3000W, spot diameter 0.15 ~ 4mm, overlapping rate 10 ~ 80%, laser nozzle Ar throughput 0.15 ~ 7L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.1 ~ 10L/min, laser nozzle sweep speed 2 ~ 60mm/s.
The present invention's many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system used is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, as shown in Figure 1.Described powder feeder is made up of hopper, screw rod and Fluidizer, and described screw rod is promoted by DC stepper motor.
Cr 3c 2the performance of-CoCr composite depends on Cr 3c 2content, size and be uniformly distributed.The present invention with the instant powder feeding of many hoppers spiral powder feeding mixing system, and utilizes coaxial discontinuous laser nozzle to be shaped Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite material component, achieves the distributed controll of wild phase, eliminates Cr in composite 3c 2the situation of uneven distribution, realizes Cr 3c 2the Cr that content is adjustable 3c 2the laser forming of-CoCr composite element.
Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately by the inventive method simultaneously, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 80% of similar metal parts.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment one
A kind of Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite wood bearing block laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 5.69wt.%, Cr43.28wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.54wt.%, Co surplus.Raw material adopts powder, the particle size of metal powder and graphite powder 50 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and RE oxide powder ball milling 2 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Cr and rare earth oxide mixed-powder are put into the 1st hopper, Co powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and adjust Cr by screw speed 3c 2content in powder product, makes the wild phase Cr that local generates 3c 2ratio in component becomes gradient consecutive variations on component top layer with internal layer.
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, encircles powder feeding to molten bath; The digital figure hierarchy slicing of parts, and set up laser beam scan path, then control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, Digit Control Machine Tool carries out laser forming.Laser Processing uses the power output 400W of optical fiber laser, spot diameter 0.20mm, overlapping rate 40%, laser nozzle Ar throughput 5L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 3L/min, laser nozzle sweep speed 25mm/s.
Molded component inside has the toughness of metal material, and top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 80% of similar metal parts.
Embodiment two
A kind of Cr 3c 2the sliding roller laser forming method of-CoCr composite heating furnace, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 4.21wt.%, Cr29.88wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.96wt.%, Co surplus.Raw material adopts powder, the particle size of metal powder and graphite powder 50 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and RE oxide powder ball milling 3 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Cr and rare earth oxide mixed-powder are put into the 1st hopper, Co powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and adjust Cr by screw speed 3c 2content in powder product, makes the wild phase Cr that local generates 3c 2ratio in component becomes gradient consecutive variations on component top layer with internal layer.
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, encircles powder feeding to molten bath; The digital figure hierarchy slicing of parts, and set up laser beam scan path, then control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, Digit Control Machine Tool carries out laser forming.Laser Processing uses CO 2the power output 2000W of laser instrument, spot diameter 0.45mm, overlapping rate 55%, laser nozzle Ar throughput 9L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 5L/min, laser nozzle sweep speed 18mm/s.
Molded component inside has the toughness of metal material, and top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 80% of similar metal parts.
Embodiment three
A kind of Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite is high temperature resistant axle sleeve laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 4.29wt.%, Cr47.05wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.93wt.%, Co surplus.Raw material adopts powder, the particle size of metal powder and graphite powder 50 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and RE oxide powder ball milling 1.5 hours.
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, and Cr and rare earth oxide mixed-powder are put into the 1st hopper, Co powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and adjust Cr by screw speed 3c 2the content of powder in blender, makes the wild phase Cr that local generates 3c 2ratio in component becomes gradient consecutive variations on component top layer with internal layer.
(3) laser forming
Powder carries out laser forming with 3 Cemented filling to laser head after 3 powder feeders export, and the laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, encircles powder feeding to molten bath; The digital figure hierarchy slicing of parts, and set up laser beam scan path, then control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, Digit Control Machine Tool carries out laser forming.Laser Processing uses the power output 700W of the direct output laser of semiconductor, spot diameter 0.15mm, overlapping rate 65%, laser nozzle Ar throughput 4.5L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 6L/min, laser nozzle sweep speed 34mm/s.

Claims (3)

1. a Cr 3c 2the laser forming method of-CoCr composite element, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: graphite 4.21 ~ 5.69wt.%, Cr29.88 ~ 47.05wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.54 ~ 0.96wt.%, Co surplus; Raw material adopts powder, the particle size of metal powder and graphite powder 50 ~ 200 microns; By Metal Cr powder and RE oxide powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 5 hour;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Adopt the powder feeding of many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system and mixing in time, described many hoppers spiral powder feeding hybrid system is connected to form respectively by powder feeding pipe and a common laser head by three powder feeders, the mixed-powder of Cr and rare earth oxide is put into the 1st hopper, Co powder is placed in the 2nd hopper, and graphite powder is placed in the 3rd hopper; 3 powder feeder powder feedings simultaneously, and the ratio of powder is controlled by adjustment screw speed;
(3) laser forming
The laser head of laser forming adopts the coaxial discontinuous nozzle of 3 pipe, encircles powder feeding to molten bath, makes each uniform composition distribution in molten bath; The digital figure hierarchy slicing of design part, and set up laser beam scan path, Digit Control Machine Tool carries out laser forming; In forming process, control screw speed, make the wild phase Cr that local generates 3c 2ratio in component becomes gradient consecutive variations, and namely component skin is Cr 3c 2-CoCr composite, internal layer is metal matrix material, and the raw material of final utilization meets the proportion requirement of step (1).
2. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), adopts optical fiber/semiconductor/CO 2laser instrument, power output 200 ~ 3000W, spot diameter 0.15 ~ 4mm, overlapping rate 10 ~ 80%, laser nozzle Ar throughput 0.15 ~ 7L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.1 ~ 10L/min, laser nozzle sweep speed 2 ~ 60mm/s.
3. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described powder feeder is made up of hopper, screw rod and Fluidizer, and described screw rod is promoted by DC stepper motor.
CN201510895449.3A 2015-12-08 2015-12-08 Laser forming method of Cr3C2-CoCr composite component Pending CN105478761A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107876948A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-04-06 华中科技大学 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of intermetallic compound part

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030010409A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-01-16 Triton Systems, Inc. Laser fabrication of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites
CN102943266A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 江苏新亚特钢锻造有限公司 High abrasion-proof laser cladding cobalt-base alloy powder and preparation method thereof
CN103691949A (en) * 2014-01-09 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of WC (Wolfram Carbide)-metal composite material structural component
CN104260360A (en) * 2014-07-28 2015-01-07 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 Multi-material laser direct writing conformal system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030010409A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-01-16 Triton Systems, Inc. Laser fabrication of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites
CN102943266A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 江苏新亚特钢锻造有限公司 High abrasion-proof laser cladding cobalt-base alloy powder and preparation method thereof
CN103691949A (en) * 2014-01-09 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of WC (Wolfram Carbide)-metal composite material structural component
CN104260360A (en) * 2014-07-28 2015-01-07 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 Multi-material laser direct writing conformal system and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107876948A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-04-06 华中科技大学 A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of intermetallic compound part

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