CN105471366A - Solar and thermoelectric coupling system containing phase change material - Google Patents
Solar and thermoelectric coupling system containing phase change material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105471366A CN105471366A CN201510815330.0A CN201510815330A CN105471366A CN 105471366 A CN105471366 A CN 105471366A CN 201510815330 A CN201510815330 A CN 201510815330A CN 105471366 A CN105471366 A CN 105471366A
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Te] OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018985 CoSb3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005900 GeTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021098 KOH—NaOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002665 PbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar and thermoelectric coupling system containing a phase change material. Parts of the system are arranged from top to bottom: a condenser, a solar cell, a constant temperature part, a thermoelectric device and a heat sink. The centers of the parts are positioned on the same axis, and the parts are assembled into a whole to be put on a solar tracking system. The solar cell, the constant temperature part, the thermoelectric device and the heat sink are connected through thermal interface materials, so contact thermal resistance among the parts is reduced. The influence of sun irradiation intensity fluctuations upon the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system can be reduced, problems in terms of thermoelectric material temperature coupling and optimum external connection resistors for the solar cell are solved, and the system can function at the optimum operating temperature so as to exhibit the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heliotechnics system regions, particularly a kind of solar energy-coupled thermomechanics system containing phase-change material.
Background technology
Along with the continuous deterioration of biological environment and the minimizing increasingly of fossil fuel energy, solar energy more and more receives country and the extensive concern of people and attention as the sustainable regeneration green energy, and it is like a raging fire that the exploitation of solar power station also develops.Due to the restriction of existing solar battery structure and material, only have small part can be converted to electric energy by the solar energy that solar cell absorbs, remaining most of solar energy finally becomes heat energy, thus causes the rising of battery temperature.This is not only a kind of waste of energy, simultaneously also to the photoelectric conversion efficiency that can reduce solar cell.To this, people by adding phase-change material below solar cell, propose (PV-PCM) coupled system of solar energy-phase-change material, utilize the latent heat of phase change of phase-change material to absorb unnecessary heat, thus ensure the temperature of solar cell, solar cell is made to have a relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency (MaT, YangH, ZhangY, etal.Usingphasechangematerialsinphotovoltaicsystemsforth ermalregulationandelectricalefficiencyimprovement:Arevie wandoutlook.Renew.Sust.EnergyRev.2015, 43:1273-1284).The solar energy of heat energy is converted in addition for another part, researchers propose solar energy-thermoelectricity (PV-TE) coupled system, by utilizing the Seeback effect of thermoelectric material, unnecessary heat can be directly changed into electric energy, thus reach the photoelectric conversion efficiency (DallanBS improving overall PV-TE system, SchumannJ, andFr é d é ricJL.Performanceevaluationofaphotoelectric-thermoelectr iccogenerationhybridsystem.Sol.Energy2015:276 – 285.).
But simple PV-PCM system and PV-TE system have its weak point.Although wherein PV-PCM system can ensure that solar cell working is a lower temperature, the solar energy not being converted into electric energy is all converted to heat energy, is absorbed by phase-change material, causes a large amount of energy dissipations.And in PV-TE system, although remaining for part thermal power transfer can be become electric energy by thermoelectric device, elevator system photoelectric conversion efficiency; But equal the adding of thermoelectric device solar cell and heat sink between add one deck thermal resistance, thus cause the reduction of the rising of solar cell temperature and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.Therefore how to mate the temperature of solar cell and thermoelectric device, the high photoelectric conversion efficiency declined with battery of the photoelectric conversion efficiency that thermoelectric device is promoted, thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency improving PV-TE system total is particularly important.But in actual applications, the solar irradiation intensity of one day is constantly change, and this can cause the temperature of PV-TE system also along with the time ceaselessly changes, and makes the temperature of mating solar cell and thermoelectric device become a technical barrier.
It can thus be appreciated that, PV-PCM system and PV-TE system respectively have its merits and demerits, if PV-PCM system and PV-TE system can be combined, the advantage that in such PV-PCM system, phase-change material can maintain system temperature just can be used for overcoming the shortcoming of PV-TE system temperature time to time change, and PV-TE system can utilize the advantage of cogeneration can make up the shortcoming of PV-PCM system energy waste.But up to the present, not relevant technology realizes the combination of PV-PCM system and PV-TE system, because this also exists a lot of technical barriers, comprises the structure how designing this hybrid system; Material property and dimensional parameters how to choose each parts should; The optimum working temperature of system is how many; How to mate the thermal resistance of each parts, thus the system of guarantee can in optimum working temperature work etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the technical barrier of system temperature fluctuation in problem in order to solve energy dissipation in simple PV-PCM system and simple PV-TE system, provide a kind of solar energy-coupled thermomechanics system (PV-PCM-TE) containing phase-change material, make PV-PCM-TE system under practical situations, while the used heat that system can be utilized unnecessary, have the ability overcoming the temperature fluctuation brought due to solar radiation variations, and system held can be made to be operated in optimum working temperature, and the high efficiency realizing solar energy utilizes.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of solar energy-coupled thermomechanics system containing phase-change material, each parts are respectively from top to bottom: condenser, solar cell, constant temperature parts, thermoelectric device, heat sink, being centrally located on same axis of each parts, and be finally assembled into and be integrally placed on solar tracking system; Solar cell, constant temperature parts, thermoelectric material and heat sink between be connected by thermal interfacial material, thus reduce the contact heat resistance between each parts.
Compared with prior art, remarkable result of the present invention is: (1) the present invention is applicable to when daily solar irradiation changes, system still can remain on steady temperature, can weaken the impact of solar irradiation strength fluctuation on system photoelectric conversion efficiency.(2) because system can remain on steady temperature work, the problem of solar cell and thermoelectric material Temperature Matching and best outer meeting resistance can be solved.(3) because the constant working temperatures that can be run by the phase transition temperature control system of phase-change material, can ensure that system cloud gray model is in optimum working temperature, has the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention contains the solar energy-coupled thermomechanics system of phase-change material.
Fig. 2 is the photoelectric conversion efficiency variation with temperature figure of unijunction GaAs battery-thermoelectric device system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is at C=500sun, ZT=1.5, T
melting=425K, h
pCMunder=30mm condition, PV-PCM-TE system photoelectric conversion efficiency is with the change curve of the flow velocity of the hot focus factor, water.
Embodiment
Composition graphs 1, the present invention is containing the solar energy-coupled thermomechanics system of phase-change material, from top to bottom respectively: condenser 1, solar cell 2, constant temperature parts 3, thermoelectric device 4, heat sink 5, being centrally located on same axis of each parts, and be finally assembled into and be integrally placed on solar tracking system.Constant temperature parts 3 are made up of phase-change material and container, and phase-change material loads in a reservoir, for maintaining the working temperature of system.The sandwich structure of the structure of thermoelectric device 4 normally aluminium oxide ceramics-thermoelectric material-aluminium oxide ceramics.The thickness of aluminium oxide ceramics is about 0.7 ~ 1mm, and the thickness of thermoelectric material is 1.5 ~ 2mm.Distance between condenser 1 and solar cell 2 is with the change of optical concentration ratio, for the known technology of the art, solar cell 2, constant temperature parts 3, to be connected by thermal interfacial material between thermoelectric material 4 and heat sink 5, thus to reduce the contact heat resistance between each parts.The invention will be further described below.
1, determine that optical concentration is than the structure of C and solar cell 2 and type.Cause is for different solar cells 2, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency and manufacturing cost are also not quite similar.For having low manufacturing cost, the single crystalline Si of low photoelectric conversion efficiency, polysilicon, the solar cell such as amorphous silicon and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, can adopt not optically focused or low power optical concentration C=1 ~ 10.For having manufacture high cost, the solar cell such as unijunction GaAs, iii-v of high-photoelectric transformation efficiency is reduced cost, in need adopting doubly or high power light optically focused C>10.
2, the parameter of condenser 1 and tracking system is determined.When adopting condenser system, especially during high power light optically focused, solar energy accurately focuses on the surface of solar cell 2 to need corresponding tracking system to ensure.The area size A of condenser 1
lensby the area A of optical concentration than C and solar cell 2
pVdetermine, A
lens=C*A
pV.The precision of solar tracking system need be less than 0.5
o.For low power optical concentration ratio, condenser 1 can adopt parabolic concentrator.For middle high power concentrator, condenser 1 can adopt transmitance be 98% high permeability Fei Nier lens.
3, the quality factor ZT of thermoelectric device 4 is determined.The quality factor of thermoelectric device is the base attribute of device, and when thermoelectric device is selected, quality factor ZT also just determines.When choosing thermoelectric device, should choose the thermoelectric device with high-quality-factor ZT, because quality factor ZT is higher, thermoelectric device efficiency under identical two ends temperature difference condition is higher.In thermoelectric device 4, choosing of thermoelectric material kind should determine according to the optimum working temperature of system.When the optimum working temperature of system is less than 300 DEG C, optional heat-obtaining electric material is the semiconductor metal alloy type thermoelectric device of bismuth telluride material (Bi2Te3); When the optimum working temperature of system is greater than 300 DEG C, be less than 800 DEG C, optional heat-obtaining electric material is the thermoelectric device of the thermoelectric device of skutterudite material (CoSb3) or the semiconductor metal alloy type of lead telluride (PbTe), telluride germanium (GeTe) etc.; When the optimum working temperature of system is greater than 800 DEG C, optional heat-obtaining electric material is metal silicide type thermoelectric material and oxide type thermoelectric material etc.Under prior art conditions, in order to ensure the reliability of solar cell and solar energy system, the temperature of Photospot solar system is generally no more than 200 DEG C.Therefore, under this temperature conditions, choosing thermoelectric material is bismuth telluride material (Bi
2te
3) thermoelectric device.
4, the optimum working temperature of certainty annuity.Known optical focusing ratio C, solar cell 2, the quality factor ZT of thermoelectric device 3, according to system total photoelectric conversion efficiency variation with temperature formula:
η＝η
PV(T)+(1-η
PV(T)-η
radiation(T)-η
convection(T))η
TE(T)
η
PV(T)＝(1-β*(T-300))η
PV-reference
η
radiation(T)＝σA(T
4-T
a 4 mbient)/CG
η
convection(T)＝h
airA(T-T
air)/CG
Calculate acquisition system total photoelectric conversion efficiency with different solar cells 2, have the thermoelectric device 3 of different quality factor ZT value and the relation curve of system operating temperatures.According to this relation curve, obtain corresponding solar cell 2 and thermoelectric device 3, the optimum working temperature of system.η, η in above formula
pV, η
radiation, η
convection, η
tE, η
pV-referencethe efficiency of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of representative system gross efficiency, solar cell, loss in efficiency that radiation heat transfer causes, loss in efficiency that heat convection causes, thermoelectric device and the reference light photoelectric transformation efficiency of battery when temperature is 300K respectively.T, T
ambient, T
airrepresent the temperature of each parts, ambient temperature and air themperature respectively.β is the negative temperature coefficient of solar cell.σ is Si Difen-Boltzmann constant.H
airit is the convection transfer rate of air.A is area, and G is intensity of solar radiation, and C is optical concentration ratio.
5, phase transition temperature and the kind of phase-change material is determined.In order to enable system have the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency, system cloud gray model need be maintained in optimum working temperature.The phase transition temperature of the phase-change material therefore chosen should be the optimum working temperature of system.The type of phase-change material is then determined by the phase transition temperature of phase-change material, when phase transition temperature is lower than 100 DEG C, optional phase-change material adopts low-temperature phase-change material, as paraffin phase change material, when phase transition temperature is higher than 100 DEG C, middle high temperature phase change material (pcm) can be selected, as KOH-NaOH combined phase-change material or salt-water combined phase-change material.
6, the dimensional parameters of constant temperature parts 3 and thermoelectric device 4 is selected.Because utilize in the design of system at existing concentrating solar, be all usually that multiple Solar use subsystem permutation type is arranged on a solar tracking system.Constant temperature parts 3 are made up of container and phase-change material, and phase-change material filling in a reservoir.Therefore, in order to enable this PV-PCM-TE system have good pervasive row, and be convenient to actual use, the container position in constant temperature parts 3 is positioned at the RC below of solar cell, the area A of container
pCMsize equals the area A of condenser 1
lens, the height h of container
pCMalong with hot focus factor C
thchange and change.Like this in the Iarge-scale system be made up of multiple PV-PCM-TE system permutation, the constant temperature parts 3 in multiple PV-PCM-TE system can make an entirety, facilitate practical application.In order to be passed by the heat of solar cell fast, the container material in constant temperature parts 3 is designed to be made up of copper product, and thickness of shell is 1mm.Mental-finned can be increased at internal tank or fill high thermal conductivity material, as wire, for strengthening the heat exchange between container and phase-change material.Thermoelectric device position is positioned at immediately below phase-change material.Its structure is the sandwich structure of aluminium oxide ceramics-thermoelectric material-aluminium oxide ceramics, and the thickness of aluminium oxide ceramics is 1mm, and the thickness of thermoelectric material is 2mm, and thermoelectric material is bismuth telluride material (Bi
2te
3), the area of thermoelectric material is A
tE, definition hot focus factor C
th=CA
pV/ A
tE.The size of the hot focus factor determines thermoelectric device thermal resistance size in systems in which, and the hot focus factor is larger, and the thermal resistance of thermoelectric device is also larger, therefore the hot focus factor choose the optimum working temperature and the type of cooling that should consider system.When the optimum working temperature of system is less than 350K, C
thshould 1 ~ 50 be got, when the optimum working temperature of system is positioned at 350K and 400K, C
thshould 50 ~ 100 be got, when the optimum working temperature of system is greater than 400K, C
thshould 100 be greater than.But the hot focus factor is excessive, the too high thermal resistance of thermoelectric device also can the reliability of influential system, and the volume capacity therefore in order to ensure phase-change material can ensure that system keeps steady temperature within the time of one day, when the area A of container
pCMsize equals the area A of condenser 1
lenstime, the height h of container
pCMneed along with hot focus factor C
thchange and change.Obtained by ANASY Modeling Calculation, when the hot focus factor is between 1-50, h
pCMshould 5 ~ 15mm be got, when the hot focus factor is between 50-100, h
pCMshould 15 ~ 25mm be got, when the hot focus factor is between 100-150, h
pCM25 ~ 35mm should be got.
7, the choosing of heat sink parameter.Heat sink 5 are positioned at immediately below thermoelectric device 4, its area A
heat-sinkwith the area equation of thermoelectric device, for being taken away by heat unnecessary for system, and ensure the temperature of thermoelectric device cold junction.The selection of heat sink structure is varied, for different heat sink structures, analyzes, thus find the parameters such as the flow velocity of optimal cooling working medium and cooling working medium by ANASY Modeling Calculation.
Be 500 times with focusing ratio below, GaAs cell area A
pVfor 10mm*10mm, the situation of thermoelectric material quality factor ZT=1.5 is example, illustrate of the present invention in the specific design step of each modular construction size:
1, according to optical concentration than C=500, and GaAs cell area A
pVfor 10mm*10mm, can be calculated the area A of Fei Nier lens
lens=C*A
pV=500*0.0001m
2=0.05m
2, length and width size is respectively 224mm, 224mm.
2, unijunction GaAs solar cell, is positioned at below Fresnel Lenses center, and the area of solar cell is A
pV=10mm*10mm.
3, according to the temperature variant formula of the total photoelectric conversion efficiency of system, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and corresponding temperature profile thereof that obtain PV-PCM-TE system the best is calculated, as shown in Figure 2.Learn, when unijunction GaAs battery chosen by solar cell, during the quality factor ZT=1.5 of thermoelectric material, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of now PV-PCM-TE system the best and corresponding temperature T=425K thereof can be obtained, according to this temperature, phase transition temperature can be selected to be NaOH and the KOH phase-change material of 425K.Here, phase transition temperature is that the phase-change material of other type materials of 425K also can choice for use.
4, by optical concentration than C=500, and GaAs cell area, Fei Nier lens area can obtain the area A of phase-change material
pCM=a
lens=0.05m
2, length and width size is respectively 224mm, 224mm.The center of the container of phase-change material is positioned at the RC below of solar cell, is made up of copper product, and thickness of shell is 1mm.In order to strengthen the heat exchange between container and phase-change material, the thickness that internal tank is designed with parallel arranged is that the fin of 1mm is for strengthening the heat exchange between container and phase-change material, the height of fin is identical with the height of container, and the two ends of fin distance container is separated by 10mm, is spaced apart 10mm between fin.Wherein system optimum working temperature 425K, known hot focus factor C
thshould 100 be greater than, the container height h in constant temperature parts 3
pCM=30mm.
5, for the structure and material shown in Fig. 1, when design adopts the mode of water-cooled, heat sink height is 10mm, inside has parallel, wide and high when being respectively the water-cooling channel of 3mm, 8mm, had the Temperature Distribution of the PV-PCM-TE system under Different structural parameters by the analysis of ANSYS Modeling Calculation, thus obtain the relation between the system of PV-PCM-TE system under these structural parameters total photoelectric conversion efficiency Different Effects parameter, result as shown in Figure 3.The optimum working temperature 425K of correspondence system, hot focus factor C
thshould get 140, the flow velocity of water should get 1m/s.According to the gained hot focus factor, the best of known thermoelectric device is of a size of 18.9mm*18.9mm.Now the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV-PCM-TE system can up to 27.3%.
6, finally can obtain PV-PCM-TE system at focusing ratio is 500 times, GaAs cell area A
pVfor 10mm*10mm, thermoelectric material quality factor ZT=1.5 time each parts structural parameters.As follows:
Can find out, when using above design parameter, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the PV-PCM-TE system of 500 times of optically focused can, up to 27.3%, be higher than at 500 times of optically focused, the photoelectric conversion efficiency 26.7% of GaAs battery temperature when 300K.In addition owing to introducing phase-change material, the temperature of PV-PCM-TE system can be more stable, can within the long period, keeps PV-PCM-TE system to have most high-photoelectric transformation efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material, it is characterized in that each parts are respectively from top to bottom: condenser (1), solar cell (2), constant temperature parts (3), thermoelectric device (4), heat sink (5), being centrally located on same axis of each parts, and be finally assembled into and be integrally placed on solar tracking system; Solar cell (2), constant temperature parts (3), to be connected by thermal interfacial material between thermoelectric material (4) and heat sink (5), thus to reduce the contact heat resistance between each parts.
2. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1, the material and the structure that it is characterized in that solar cell (2) are single crystalline Si, polysilicon, amorphous silicon or Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, adopt not optically focused or low power optical concentration C=1 ~ 10, condenser (1) adopts parabolic concentrator; Or the material of solar cell (2) and structure are the one in unijunction GaAs, iii-v, in employing doubly or high power light optically focused C>10, condenser (1) adopt transmitance be 98% high permeability Fei Nier lens.
3. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the area size A of condenser (1)
lensby the area A of optical concentration than C and solar cell (2)
pVdetermine, A
lens=C*A
pV.
4. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1, is characterized in that constant temperature parts (3) are made up of container and phase-change material, and in a reservoir, container is positioned at the RC below of solar cell in phase-change material filling; The area A of phase-change material container
pCMsize equals the area A of condenser (1)
lenstime, the height h of container
pCMalong with hot focus factor C
thchange and change.
5. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that increasing mental-finned at internal tank or filling high thermal conductivity material.
6. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that the phase transition temperature of phase-change material is the optimum working temperature of system, the type of phase-change material is then determined by the phase transition temperature of phase-change material, when phase transition temperature is lower than 100 DEG C, phase-change material adopts low-temperature phase-change material; When phase transition temperature is higher than 100 DEG C, select middle high temperature phase change material (pcm).
7. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in thermoelectric device (4), choosing of thermoelectric material kind determines according to the optimum working temperature of system, when the optimum working temperature of system is less than 300 DEG C, choose the semiconductor metal alloy type thermoelectric device that thermoelectric material is bismuth telluride material; When the optimum working temperature of system is greater than 300 DEG C, be less than 800 DEG C, choose the thermoelectric device of thermoelectric device that thermoelectric material is skutterudite material or lead telluride, telluride Ge semiconductor metal alloy type; When the optimum working temperature of system is greater than 800 DEG C, choosing thermoelectric material is metal silicide type thermoelectric material and oxide type thermoelectric material.
8. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that the structure of thermoelectric device (4) is the sandwich structure of aluminium oxide ceramics-thermoelectric material-aluminium oxide ceramics, the thickness of aluminium oxide ceramics is 0.7 ~ 1mm, and the thickness of thermoelectric material is 1.5 ~ 2mm.
9. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 8, is characterized in that the area of thermoelectric device (4) is A
tE, definition hot focus factor C
th=CA
pV/ A
tE, the hot focus factor choose the optimum working temperature and the type of cooling that should consider system.
10. solar energy-coupled thermomechanics the system containing phase-change material according to claim 9, is characterized in that when optimum working temperature is less than 350K, C
thshould 1 ~ 50 be got, when optimum working temperature is positioned at 350K and 400K, C
thshould 50 ~ 100 be got, when optimum working temperature is greater than 400K, C
thshould 100 be greater than.
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| CN201510815330.0A CN105471366B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | A kind of solar heat electrical coupling system containing phase-change material |
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| CN201510815330.0A CN105471366B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | A kind of solar heat electrical coupling system containing phase-change material |
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