CN105467463B - Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods - Google Patents

Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods Download PDF

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CN105467463B
CN105467463B CN201510498335.5A CN201510498335A CN105467463B CN 105467463 B CN105467463 B CN 105467463B CN 201510498335 A CN201510498335 A CN 201510498335A CN 105467463 B CN105467463 B CN 105467463B
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analyze
subaqueous fans
nearshore subaqueous
unit body
cell cube
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CN105467463A (en
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王艳忠
操应长
程鑫
马奔奔
刘海宁
齐明明
宋丙慧
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube, the present invention is on the basis of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentary origin mechanism and tank sedimentary simulating experiment, specify Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body plane and section Distribution Characteristics, the Longitudinal Changing Regularity of fluvial deposition unit body thickness is studied, the theoretical formula model of fluvial deposition cell cube central longitudinal sectional thickness change is set up；The Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body Distribution Characteristics determined using simulated experiment are combined into means with well shake, the division of sedimentation unit body are carried out to actual geologic body to instruct；On the basis of the division of sedimentation unit body, determine the bound thickness of fluvial deposition cell cube, according to well location actual conditions on each sedimentation unit body, the maximum extended distance of fluvial deposition cell cube is predicted, the maximum extended distance of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube can accurately and effectively be determined, the formulation of well net deployment and the open scheme of exploration is effectively instructed, the pattern efficiency during exploration and development is improved.

Description

Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum natural gas exploration technical field, specifically, it is related to a kind of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans flood Sedimentation unit body maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods.
Background technology
Fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans refer to invade in lake with high water level period, it is gentle by control basin tomography curtain type activity The a variety of depositions such as mud-rock flow, paroxysmal flood of a mountain area and flood intermittent phase mountain stream for waiting control deposit abutting of being formed The deep water sand-conglomerate reservoir of tomography distribution.Fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand-conglomerate body divides close to deep lacustrine source Cloth, with splendid raw storage lid matching relationship.In recent years, the oil-gas exploration of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite is obtained Important breakthrough, is found that with Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans in Bohai gulf basin, South Huabei Basins, Er'lian Basin, Hailaer Basin, Northeast China etc. For the oil-gas reservoir of Reservoir Body, more than 10 production of hydrocarbons base has successively been built up.
Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body refers to by same material resource, the control of same hydrodynamic system, definitely In matter period deposition formed using erosional unconformities or corresponding integration face as associated three-dimensional in the origin cause of formation on border Deng when glutenite stratum.The length of geologic(al) period and the number of material resource quantity delivered determine Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit The thickness of body；The hydrodynamic intensity and ancient landform feature of material resource supply determine Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit volume morphing With spread scale.The curtain type activity and weather of fault depressed lacustrine basin boundary fault control Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body The cycle of sedimentation and deposition phase time, with thickness is big, coarse size, layering is poor, lack mudstone barriers and Skeletal, cross direction profiles Unstable, the relationship between lithology and logging is complicated, the feature such as low frequency, mixed and disorderly seismic reflection of weaker amplitude.Many deposition phase time Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand Conglomerate sedimentation unit body Spatial Overlap assemble pattern is mainly controlled by spin matter part gravitational flow deposits effect, and this causes to sand Conglomerate reservoir exploration and development is faced with two difficult points：
First, to Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body identification and division is extremely difficult.At present, domestic and foreign scholars Mainly using Theory of High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy as guidance, the time-frequency analysis technology based on seismic data, three-dimensional visible are utilized Change technology, Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology, coherent analysis technology, strata slicing technology, log-constraint inversion technique, random optimization inverting skill The geophysical techniques such as art and spectrum analysis technique, wavelet transformation analysis technology based on well-log information, are divided and identification is disconnected Fall into lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body.However, drag flow of the High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy to gradual change Sedimentation unit body identification have good directive significance, to irregular event gravity stream from cyclic sedimentation control it is near The division of bank subaqueous fans glutenite sedimentation unit body lacks effective directive significance.
Secondly, the spatial scale understanding to Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube is unclear.For Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans For glutenite, the storage and collection performance of fluvial deposition cell cube is the main part of its production development preferably, in the development of clear and definite work area In the case of glutenite sedimentation unit body, an effectively accurate method is lacked at present to predict the model of fluvial deposition cell cube Enclose, thus can bring great difficulty to the accurate evaluation of stock number and the precise deployment of well location, in this case will be The border that some wells look for sedimentation unit body is beaten in one possible scope, substantial amounts of economic consumption is brought.
Therefore, need the Distribution Pattern of clear and definite Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube badly, and set up its quantitative prediction model, This has important theoretical and practical significance to fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite reservoir exploration and development.
The content of the invention
There is provided a kind of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans flood for deficiencies of the prior art by the present invention Sedimentation unit body maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of maximum extended distance quantitative prediction side of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube Method, contains following steps：
The first step：Fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and section Distribution Characteristics are specified, Its step is：(1) research area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition ancient landform feature, glutenite deposition characteristicses and clear and definite near-shore underwater are determined Sedimentary origin mechanism is fanned, (2) carry out the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process, and (3) determine sag pond Basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and profile features, (4) set up the central vertical profile of fluvial deposition cell cube The theoretical formula model of face thickness change；
Second step：Division and contrast fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body, its step is：(1) The fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body criteria for classifying is set up, it is near that (2) divide fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Bank subaqueous fans glutenite sedimentation unit body seismic data, it is single that (3) divide fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite deposition First body drilling data, (4) carry out fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body and connect well contrast；
3rd step：Quantitative prediction Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance, its step is： (1) fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness, (2) quantitative prediction fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance are determined.
Further, in the step of first step (1), using high accuracy surface modelling data, obtained and ground by software Study carefully area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition ancient landform feature, ancient landform feature includes fault parameter, ancient coombe bar number, ancient coombe slope angle, Gu Slope angle of beam etc. between coombe；By Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite core observation, sedimentary structure, grain structure according to clastic rock And color characteristic, determine Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature；According to Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and Lithofacies assemblages feature, with reference to the observation of field present deposition type, determines fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition work With type, then set up between fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition type and control basin faulting and weather Relation.
Further, in the step of first step (2), when carrying out simulated experiment, first, to study area's ancient landform feature Based on, according to geometric similarity principle, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process experimental provision is built, if Meter experiment substrate, wherein, experiment substrate includes tomography and ancient coombe；Secondly, it is special to study area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies Based on levying research, using fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentary origin mechanism to instruct, according to similarity theory, for example Geometric similarity, kinematic similitude, dynamic similarity etc., design fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans tank sedimentary simulating experiment process And experiment parameter, carry out the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process, in whole experiment process, keep All depositions are developed under water completely, to reflect forecast about deep-water deposition；In the step (3), the sag pond in step (2) After the experiment of basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process terminates, the water of tank in analogue experiment installation is allowed to dry, to deposition Simulated experiment lithosomic body carries out fine dissection using gridding anatomic method, specifies fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans vertical profile Face, cross section deposition characteristicses, when carrying out fine dissection, in line with the principle of " fine, in order, make every effort to complete ", according to " piecemeal solution Cut open, be segmented description, global analysis " thinking carry out.
Preferably, the experimental trough that described analogue experiment installation includes experiment substrate and is placed in experiment substrate, real One end of tank is tested provided with two discharge outlet of height, the both sides of the other end are each provided with a material resource feedway, experimental trough On be additionally provided with three-dimensional scale；The material resource feedway includes rack-mount service tank and stirring on service tank Machine is mixed, service tank is connected with water system, the bottom of service tank is provided with delivery port and flow control valve；Described experiment substrate point For slow gentle slope belt two parts of actic region peace of faults control, the actic region of faults control is inclined to gentle gentle slope belt on the contrary, disconnected The actic region of layer control is provided with two material resource passages, and two material resource passages are connected by pipeline with service tank, and a material resource is led to Road one service tank of correspondence, material resource passage is in " S " type, the steep lower slow shovel slope group on the gentle valley in top and bottom Into lower angle is consistent on the beam between two material resource passages.
Further, in the step of first step (4), what is studied Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans plane and profile features Simultaneously for time fluvial deposition cell cube of each phase, finely count its on central vertical section away from material resource point different distance when thickness Degree, finds out fluvial deposition unit body thickness and the functional relation away from material resource point between on central vertical section, sets up flood and sink The theoretical formula model of product unit body central longitudinal sectional thickness change, its expression formula is：In h=aLn (d)+b, formula, a, b are to treat Determine coefficient；H puts glutenite thickness for certain；D is the point away from material resource point distance.
Further, in the step of second step (1), fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans is deposited using software Seismic forward simulation is carried out in the cross section and vertical section of process simulation experiment, sets up fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition Cell cube vertical section and the cross section seismic data criteria for classifying；It is real with fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process Test based on cross section and vertical section, binding area Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature set up rift Lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans diverse location sedimentation unit body drilling data is divided and contrast standard.
Further, in the step of second step (2), deposited according to fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite The cell cube seismic data criteria for classifying, carries out Fine structural interpretation to research area's high accuracy surface modelling data using software, divides disconnected Fall into lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body.Research area's high accuracy surface modelling interpretation process in follow with Lower principle：(1) cross section is first explained, vertical section is then explained；(2) in being explained in seismic profile cross section, by Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Gradually explained to root front end；(3) in being explained in seismic profile vertical section, gradually explained from Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans lateral margin to center； (4) seismic reflection enveloping surface is explained descending.
Further, in the step of second step (3), using rock core, well logging landwaste, Conventional Logs, using soft Part, according to the fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans diverse location sedimentation unit body drilling data criteria for classifying, enters to glutenite Row drilling data sedimentation unit body is divided.
Further, in the step of second step (4), first, high accuracy surface modelling data and well logging sound wave are utilized Time difference data, utilizes software setup time-depth relationship；Then, deposited with fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite Based on the division of cell cube seismic data and drilling data division result, m- depth relationship carries out rift as constraint during using individual well Contrasted between lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body well.
Further, in the step of three step (1), on the basis of the division of sedimentation unit body, it is distributed with well pattern close Some or the several sedimentation unit bodies integrated is object, the formation thickness of statistical analysis sedimentation unit body edge well location, oiliness And oil-producing situation, so that it is determined that fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness.
Further, in the step of three step (2), divided in completion Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentation unit body and determine flood It is different with distribution situation according to well location quantity on each sedimentation unit body on the basis of water sedimentation unit body bound thickness, take down Different schemes are stated to be predicted the maximum extended distance of fluvial deposition cell cube：
1. when there was only 2 mouthfuls of wells on sedimentation unit body and on the central vertical section of maximum bearing of trend, by two mouthfuls of wells Thickness corresponding to sedimentation unit body and the distance away from material resource point bring theoretical formula model into, undetermined coefficient are asked for, it is determined that central Flood cell cube thickness change formula on vertical section, comprehensive unit body bound thickness determines its maximum extended distance；
2. when there are >=3 mouthfuls of wells on sedimentation unit body, the formation thickness isopleth of cell cube is drawn out using equidistant method A series of thickness when on figure, the central vertical section of approximate reading unit body away from material resource point different distance, then utilize these data Formation thickness on the central vertical section of fitting and the quantitative relation formula away from material resource point between, bring bound thickness into, you can obtain Maximum extended distance；
3. when well position number≤1 on sedimentation unit body or there are 2 mouthfuls of wells but during not on central vertical section, summarize different ancient ground The extended distance of sedimentation unit body under the conditions of shape, determines the empirical value of sedimentation unit body extended distance, so as to sedimentation unit body Extended distance be predicted.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is established for irregular event gravity stream from cyclic sedimentation The maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of the lower Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube of control, it is of the invention accurately to determine rift Lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance is target, in Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentary origin mechanism On the basis of tank sedimentary simulating experiment, Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body plane and section Distribution Characteristics are specified, The Longitudinal Changing Regularity of fluvial deposition unit body thickness is studied based on this, sets up the central vertical section of fluvial deposition cell cube thick Spend the theoretical formula model of change；The Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body Distribution Characteristics determined using simulated experiment is refer to Lead, means are combined into well-shake, the division of sedimentation unit body is carried out to actual geologic body；The basis divided in sedimentation unit body On, the bound thickness of fluvial deposition cell cube is determined, then according to well location actual conditions (well quantity, well on each sedimentation unit body Position), take corresponding scheme to be predicted the maximum extended distance of fluvial deposition cell cube, can accurately and effectively determine offshore water Lower fan fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance, effectively instructs the formulation of well net deployment and the open scheme of exploration, and raising is surveyed The pattern efficiency in development process is visited, the outlay of production saved during exploration and development to accurate deployment well location, saves exploitation warp Take and to improve development efficiency significant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the techniqueflow chart of the maximum extended distance Forecasting Methodology of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region ditch beam longitudinal section shape figure in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans in the specific embodiment of the invention Glutenite lithofacies assemblages type map.
Fig. 4 is the modern mountain area deposition type map in specific embodiment of the invention field.
Fig. 5 is that the specific embodiment of the invention carries out fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region tectonic activity and Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition Graph of a relation.
Fig. 6 is specific embodiment of the invention sedimentary simulating experiment structure drawing of device.
Fig. 7 is that the specific embodiment of the invention tests basal section structural representation.
Fig. 8 cuts open for the double material resource tunnels analogies experiment lithosomic body plane grids neutralizings in the disconnected slope of specific embodiment of the invention shovel to be shown It is intended to.
Fig. 9 is that specific embodiment of the invention list material resource tunnels analogy tests the central sectional side elevation of a fan body.
Figure 10 is that the double material resource tunnels analogies in the disconnected slope of specific embodiment of the invention shovel test No. 1 deposition fan body fan center vertical profile Face figure.
Figure 11 is the double deposition characteristicses figures of material resource tunnels analogy experiment deposition fan body cross section 12 of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 is the double material resource tunnels analogies experiment lithosomic body typical flood settling sands in the disconnected slope of specific embodiment of the invention shovel Body thickness isogram.
Figure 13 is specific embodiment of the invention fluvial deposition glutenite colulus formation thickness mutation analysis schematic diagram.
Figure 14 be the central vertical section each phase time fluvial deposition thickness of specific embodiment of the invention modeling experiment in water tank fan body with Graph of a relation away from material resource point distance.
Figure 15 is specific embodiment of the invention fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans vertical section characteristic pattern.
Figure 16 is specific embodiment of the invention fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans cross section characteristic pattern.
Figure 17 is with testing the forward simulation in the central vertical section of a fan body for specific embodiment of the invention list material resource tunnels analogy Shake profile.
Figure 18 is that the forward simulation in the disconnected slope simulated experiment cross section 12 of the double material resource passage shovels of the specific embodiment of the invention is cutd open Face figure.
Figure 19 is specific embodiment of the invention fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region near-shore underwater sedimentation unit body Division and contrast ideograph.
Figure 20 is the fine division of specific embodiment of the invention ×× block sand-conglomerate body earthquake deposition phase time and comparison diagram.
Figure 21 is pure sub- section Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans plan on the regional ×× block sand four of specific embodiment of the invention ×× And earthquake drawing in side sectional elevation.
Figure 22 is pure sub- section Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans plan on the regional ×× block sand four of specific embodiment of the invention ×× And earthquake profilograph.
Figure 23 is that the core analysis of specific embodiment of the invention Y-22 wells divides individual well deposition phase time figure.
M- depth relationship figure when Figure 24 is specific embodiment of the invention Y wells.
Figure 25 is pure sub- section Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans vertical profile on the regional ×× block sand four of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Face sedimentation unit body cascade correlation figure.
Figure 26 is that pure sub- section Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans is cross-sectional on the regional ×× block sand four of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Face sedimentation unit body cascade correlation figure.
Figure 27 is specific embodiment of the invention list phase time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus oiliness characteristic pattern.
Figure 28 is that specific embodiment of the invention list phase time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus glutenite cumulative thickness is less than 5m When thickness in monolayer distribution map.
Figure 29 is specific embodiment of the invention 12-1 phases time fan body border glutenite thickness chart.
Figure 30 is that specific embodiment of the invention list phase time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus glutenite cumulative thickness is less than 5m When glutenite percentage composition histogram.
Figure 31 is the regional ×× block 12-4 phases time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus well of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Bit distribution schematic diagram.
Figure 32 is regional ×× block fluvial deposition glutenite colulus formation thickness of specific embodiment of the invention ×× etc. It is worth line chart.
Figure 33 is the central vertical section of the regional ×× block fluvial deposition glutenite colulus of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Formation thickness and the graph of a relation away from material resource point distance.
Figure 34 is specific embodiment of the invention list phase time fluvial deposition colulus ancient landform angle of gradient characteristic pattern.
Figure 35 is for the different ancient landform angle of gradient fluvial deposition glutenite ligulate body thicknesses of the specific embodiment of the invention and away from thing The graph of a relation of source point distance.
Figure 36 is the regional ×× block 3-3 phases time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus earthquake of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Profilograph.
Figure 37 is the regional ×× block 3-3 phases time fluvial deposition glutenite colulus extension of specific embodiment of the invention ×× Scope schematic diagram.
Figure 38 is that specific embodiment of the invention Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand-conglomerate body development wells dispose schematic diagram.
In figure, 1, mixer, 2, service tank, 3, flow control valve, 4, pipeline, 5, support, 6, No. 2 material resource passages, 7, No. 1 Material resource passage, 8, actic region, 9, gentle slope belt, 10, longitudinal scale, 11, horizontal scale, 12, discharge outlet, 13, experiment substrate, 14, Water inlet, 15, vertical scale, 16, glass pool wall.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The actic region Es4 upper sub-member Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans flood controlled with ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin shovel boundary fault Exemplified by water sedimentation unit maximum extended distance quantitative prediction.As shown in figure 1, Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube of the present invention is most Big extended distance Quantitative prediction methods, it contains following steps：
The first step：Specify fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and section Distribution Characteristics.
(1) research area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition ancient landform feature, glutenite deposition characteristicses and clear and definite near-shore underwater are determined Fan sedimentary origin mechanism.
×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region is the escarpment structural belt of a shovel boundary fault control, with ditch The alternate ancient landform feature of beam, develops two ancient coombes and a beam, is respectively designated as No. 1 ancient coombe, No. 2 ancient coombes and No. 1 Beam.Fine synthesis earthquake record is made to 20 mouthfuls of wells for studying area's diverse location, is applied to grind using the fitting of geoframe softwares Study carefully the when m- depth relationship in area；On this basis, by Archaean group substrate 3-D seismics Fine structural interpretation result when turn deeply Change, establish ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin northern steep slope zone paleogeomorphological map：Ditch beam has upper steep lower slow, up-narrow and down-wide spy Levy, No. 1 ancient coombe angle is 27.4 ° -22.3 °, No. 1 beam angle is 31.8 ° -25.2 °, No. 2 ancient coombe angles be 26.2 ° - 18.7°.The ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region ditch beam longitudinal section shape figure is as shown in Figure 2.
On the basis of rock core is observed in detail, according to ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member offshore water Lower fan glutenite structure, sedimentary structure and color characteristic, identify 11 kinds of Lithofacies Types and 14 kinds of lithofacies assemblages types altogether.×× Oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite Lithofacies Types and feature are as shown in table 1, ×× Oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite lithofacies assemblages type is as shown in Figure 3.
Table 1
According to ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and petrofacies group Feature is closed, with reference to the observation of field present deposition type, ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Es4 upper sub-member is determined Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition type includes mud-rock flow, paroxysmal flood and flood intermittent phase mountain stream.Then rift is set up Relation between lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition type and control basin faulting and weather.Fig. 4 (derives from net Network) it is the modern mountain area deposition type in field, wherein Fig. 4 a show mud-rock flow, and Fig. 4 b show paroxysmal flood, Fig. 4 c It show flood intermittent phase mountain stream.
The petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature of above-mentioned mud debris flow deposit type of action：Mud-rock flow is a kind of high density and high viscosity Mass flow, its detrital grain supports by miscellaneous base, and carried under gravity in block；With the big (1.8- of sediment density 2.3t/m3), solid content in volume is big, and (general 40-60%, up to 80%), denseness are big, and water is not transporting medium but group Into material, the features such as solid-liquid two-phase material is in mass motion, tool laminar motion property.From table 1 and Fig. 3, Gms → Gms rocks Combined coarse size, sorting rounding are poor, gravel angular-subangular, disordered arrangements, common vertical gravel, block stratification, It is vertical substantially without alternation, miscellaneous base content is high, color is Dark grey, reflects deep water mud debris flow deposit feature.
The petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature of above-mentioned paroxysmal flood deposition type：By the paroxysmal flood of climate controlling Relatively small (the 1.2-1.8t/m of density3), solid volume is small (generally 10-40%), and denseness is small, and water is transporting medium, fluid In turbulent condition, can continuously it flow, solid matter is to roll, jump, suspended pattern is carried.Paroxysmal flood energy is strong, can take Deep lake is directly entered with a large amount of megaclast materials, deposition forms megaclast deposit.From the figure 3, it may be seen that Gcp → Gcp, Gmp → Gmp、Gcp→G-S、Gmp→G-S、Gmp→G-S→Gfp→S-G→Sc、G-S→Gfp→Sm→Sf、G-S→S-G→Sm、G- S → S-G → Sg, S-G → Sg → Sf, Sg-M-Sg-M types petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages reflect actic region paroxysmal flood and carry big Amount detrital material is directly entered the deposition characteristicses in deep lake.
The petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature of above-mentioned flood intermittent phase mountain stream deposition type：Paroxysmal flood interval Phase, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region is based on mountain stream deposition.Flood intermittent phase mountain stream flow velocity, flow are small, carrying Detrital material content is low, fine size, and sedimentation time is long, but thickness of deposits is thin.From the figure 3, it may be seen that lithofacies assemblages type Sf → M → Sf → M, Sm → M → Sm → M, Sg → M → Sg → M, accompany thin layer sand to develop thick-layer dark mud rock and are characterized, on the whole granularity Carefully, good sorting, substantially without alternation feature, gradually transition is that lacustrine facies suspends deposition forward, reflects flood intermittent phase actic region mountain Area river carries a small amount of detrital material and is directly entered deep lake, the feature of fast deposition under lake water jacking drag effect.
Fig. 5 is the graph of a relation of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region structural texture and Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition.As shown in Figure 5, × The actic region that × oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin side is controlled by normal fault, opposite side is gentle slope belt, basin cross section In dustpan shape.The fault activities of actic region boundary fault have a curtain formula cyclicity, a curtain formula cycle can be divided into tectonic active period and Pediocratic.In tectonic active period, the instantaneous intense activity of boundary fault make tomography upthrow source area stratum by strong destruction, Form sufficient material resource；Meanwhile, the Transient activity of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region boundary fault is usually associated with landslide, mud-rock flow Etc. event deposition, take tomography upthrow source area megaclast material to lake basin actic region profundal zone in a short time and sink Accumulate, the thickness that formation abuts tomography distribution is big, the deposit of coarse size.The longer construction after tomography curtain type activity Movable pediocratic, tectonic activity is stablized relatively, and deposition is mainly paroxysmal fluvial deposition caused by weather and flood interval Phase mountain stream is deposited.Actic region paroxysmal flood energy is strong, and sedimentation time is relatively long, and deposit is to lake basin center advancing distance From farther out, areal extent is big, thickness is larger, coarse size and with gradient-thickness feature.Flood intermittent phase mountain stream deposition tool Have that weak energy, sedimentation time length, thickness are small, scope is small, fine size feature.Therefore, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region fault episode formula is lived Mud debris flow deposit mainly occurs for the dynamic phase, and the faulting pediocratic is mainly paroxysmal flood under climate controlling, flood intermittent phase Mountain stream is deposited.
(2) experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process is carried out.
First, based on studying area's ancient landform feature, according to geometric similarity principle, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region is built near Bank Submarine fan deposi tion process simulation experimental provision, contrived experiment substrate.As shown in fig. 6, design simulation experimental provision bag of the present invention The experimental trough for including experiment substrate and being placed in experiment substrate, one end of experimental trough is provided with two discharge outlet of height, the other end Both sides be each provided with a material resource feedway, material resource feedway includes rack-mount service tank and installed in confession To the mixer on case, the bottom of service tank is provided with delivery port and flow control valve.By adjusting consolidating in material resource feedway The ratio of body detrital material (gravel, sand, mud) and water, can simulate different deposition type (mud debris flow deposit, paroxysmal floods Deposition and flood intermittent phase mountain stream deposition), by adjusting flow control valve come coutroi velocity, flow and duration；For To mixer (or motor) continuous running in experimentation on case, material in case is stirred, it is uniformly prevented Species precipitate.
As shown in fig. 6, being additionally provided with three-dimensional scale on experimental trough；Experimental trough coordinatograph can be measured any in tank The digitlization of lithosomic body is tested in the three-dimensional coordinate of point, accurate realization.It is furnished with volume 20m above experimental trough3Water supply system System, the water system is connected with the service tank of material resource feedway, is that material resource feedway supplies water.
The actic region of faults control is inclined to gentle gentle slope belt on the contrary, two material resource passages are connected by pipeline and service tank Logical, in the present embodiment, the long 5m of experimental trough, width 3.8m, depth 1.3m, three sides are cement wall, and side is safety glass, safety glass It is easy to that sedimentary simulating experiment process is observed and recorded in side.Test in the high 40cm of substrate, the high 2.26m of support, service tank Footpath 80cm, high 75cm, total measurement (volume) 377L.
As shown in fig. 6, the experiment substrate that the present invention is designed is divided into slow gentle slope belt two parts of actic region peace of faults control, The abrupt slope of faults control is respectively designated as on No. 1 material resource passage and No. 2 material resource passages, material resource passage with two material resource passages Narrow lower width, it is basically identical to slope bottom ditch beam；The service tank of material resource feedway and the material resource passage of substrate pass through pipeline phase Connect, and the service tank of material resource passage one material resource feedway of correspondence, a flow valve is only opened when doing single material resource experiment, Two flow valves are opened simultaneously when doing double material resource experiments, and deposit will be deposited by pipeline and material resource passage in substrate.
As shown in fig. 7, material resource passage mentioned above is in " S " type, delay down suddenly on the more slow valley in top and bottom Shovel slope is constituted, 18 ° of top, and middle steeper 26 °, bottom relatively delays 18 ° again；Lower angle one on beam between two material resource passages Cause, be 32 ° or so；The actic region tendency of gentle gentle slope strip substrate and faults control is on the contrary, angle is 5 °.
Secondly, based on studying area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite lithofacies characteristics research, with fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region offshore Submarine fan deposi tion origin mechanism is instructs, according to similarity theory, design fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans tank deposition Simulated experiment process and experiment parameter, carry out the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process, simulate tomography What active stage mud debris flow deposit, the paroxysmal flood of faulting resting stage climate controlling and flood intermittent phase mountain stream were deposited Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposited intact sequence.
Above-mentioned sedimentary simulating experiment includes single material resource and double two groups of material resources.Table 2 be single material resource tunnels analogy experimentation and Experiment parameter, table 3 is double material resource tunnels analogy experimentations and experiment parameter.
Table 2
Table 3
As shown in Table 2, single material resource sedimentary simulating experiment has been carried out 2 times, and each experimental design lake level stablizes constant feelings The experiment for two cycles being combined into respectively by mud-rock flow, paroxysmal flood, normal drag flow under condition.As shown in Table 3, double material resources The experimentation of sedimentary simulating experiment is divided into lake level rapid increase and a high position stablizes two stages, four cycles, the first cycle Lake level rapid increase, second and third, a four cycle lake levels high position it is stable.In double material resource sedimentary simulating experiments, each material resource exists Fluid properties have difference between the material resource different with same stage of different stages.The first material resource passage of cycle 1 material resource is supplied Sufficient, No. 2 material resource passage material resource supplies are inadequate, and material resource feature is exchanged in the second cycle, and the supply of the three, the 4th cycle material resources is special Levy consistent；It is divided into a variety of depositions and multiple phases time inside each cycle again in addition, flow rate of each phase time is inconsistent.
In experimentation, according to the composition of mud-rock flow, gravel, sand, mud are stirred in big basin, thing is poured directly into Source channels, the fast deposition of mud-rock flow is simulated with this.It is to utilize big work(that paroxysmal flood and flood intermittent phase drag flow, which are deposited, After rate mixer stirs deposit in material resource feedway, flow, flow velocity are controlled by flow control valve.Whole In experimentation, all depositions are kept to develop completely under water, to reflect forecast about deep-water deposition.For mould in experimentation Intend mud debris flow deposit, fluvial deposition and drag flow deposition, being equipped with building gravel, (particle diameter is respectively 20-50mm, 5-20mm, 1- 10mm), color sand (0.1-1mm), the Yellow River flour sand (0.005-0.1mm), clay (<Each particle diameter mud, sand, the gravel such as 0.01mm), simultaneously Developed to solve Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans in the problem for being difficult directly to observe under water, be equipped with red, golden yellow, blackish green chicken blood, Snow Flower White, The color sand of flesh-coloured five kinds of colors of grade, can be easy to distinguish the deposition phase time in lithosomic body when dissected.It is near in fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region After the experiment of bank Submarine fan deposi tion process simulation terminates, the water of experimental trough is allowed to dry.
(3) fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and profile features are determined.
1. lithosomic body fine dissection is tested
Fine dissection is carried out using gridding anatomic method to sedimentary simulating experiment lithosomic body, in line with " fine, orderly, power Ask complete " principle, according to " piecemeal dissection, segmentation description, global analysis " thinking carry out fine dissection, specify fault depressed lacustrine basin Actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans vertical section, cross section deposition characteristicses.In experiment lithosomic body anatomic course, for single material resource experiment one Lithosomic body has cut 4 cross sections (vertical source direction) and the central vertical section of 1 fan body at equal intervals (along source direction)；For Single material resource tests two lithosomic bodys and has cut 10 cross sections and the central vertical section of 1 fan body at equal intervals；As shown in figure 8, for double (No. 1 material resource passage correspondence fan body is No. 1 deposition fan body of experiment to material resource experiment lithosomic body, and No. 2 material resource passage correspondence fan bodies are experiment No. 2 deposition fan bodies) have altogether and have chosen 18 cross sections (perpendicular to source direction), according to dissection order from edge is fanned to fan root difference It is named as cross section 0,1,2 ... 17；11 vertical sections (along source direction), are named as successively according to profile position right-to-left Vertical section A, B ... K.In experiment lithosomic body anatomic course, using aided measurement device, adopt altogether more than 700 points positions are (i.e. comprehensive Close section position of intersecting point, equivalent to 700 mouthfuls wells) on time fan body thickness data of each phase.
2. experiment recognizes
A. overall deposition characteristicses
Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans simulated experiment lithosomic body is generally represented as the deposition characteristicses of positive sequence superposition of many deposition phases time, each The deposition phase time is sunk in order by a variety of depositions such as mud-rock flow, paroxysmal flood, flood intermittent phase normal drag flows from bottom to top Product combination, because the deposition of fan body is swung and corrosion function, certain deposition may be lacked in positive cyclothem of some deposition phases time and is made With.
In early stage, faulting is strong, material resource is in liberal supply, mud-rock flow and the development of mountain area paroxysmal flood, solid debris Content of material is high, and sedimentation rate is fast, thickness is big；As faulting weakens, material resource amount is reduced, under major developmental climate controlling Mountain area paroxysmal flood and intermittent phase normal drag flow deposition, the deposition time is long, but fine size, thickness in monolayer are thin.It is overall On, shown as on vertical from bottom to top, the glutenite number of plies is reduced, thickness in monolayer is thinned, the fine debris such as mud stone rock stratum number increases, The positive cyclothem feature of thickness increase.Each positive cyclothem is that mud-rock flow, paroxysmal flood, intermittent phase normal drag flow etc. are a variety of heavy A certain deposition may be lacked in the product that product effect is developed in order, cycle, but all shows as positive sequence superposition on the whole, is The elementary cell of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans is constituted, as shown in Figure 9.
In the intermittent phase, material resource is insufficient, is suspended with normal drag flow and lacustrine facies based on deposition, widely distributed and stablize. And after the intermittent phase, the intense activity again of control basin tomography then indicates the beginning of next sedimentation unit formation, now lake basin expands , lake level rapid increase, holding space is abundant, and sand-conglomerate body shows as longitudinal direction and above quickly moves back product (along source direction), such as schemes Shown in 10, and the intermittent phase fine-grained sediment water eroding and flooding effect underlied to it is relatively weak, and to save between cycle relatively Complete shale layer.As tectonic activity weakens, lake basin holding space is advanced the speed less than deposit delivery rate, flat with respect to lake Face constantly declines, and lake basin holding space is not relatively abundant, when fan body can be flapped toward automatically when a direction what is high deposit it is few, can Hold the accumulation of space more general goal, migration is stacked to be characterized laterally to compensate under the domination of effective holding space, as shown in figure 11, together When it is stronger to fine-grained sediment water eroding and flooding effect between phase for underliing time, it is common less than steady between the phase time in the cycle in fan main body Fixed argillaceous sediment.
B. paroxysmal flood cell cube section and plane characteristic
A. vertical section deposition characteristicses：Paroxysmal fluvial deposition has obvious sedimentary differentiation, shows as pushing away along fan body Enter direction granularity to be tapered and the vertical upper obvious positive grain sequence characteristics of tool；The effect of its water eroding and flooding is stronger, in experiment lithosomic body Main body section, universal visible paroxysmal pluvial erosion souring feature, continuous stacked development, vertical section more than many phase flood sand bodies On, shale is every interlayer between internal agensis water channel of each phase time, between simply visible distribution is stable or unstable between the phase time Have a rest phase shale fine-grained sediment, as shown in Figure 10.
B. cross-sectional region feature：, many phase flood sand equally obvious in cross section that wash away corrosion function of paroxysmal fluvial deposition Continuous stacked development more than body, such as double material resource tunnels analogies are tested in No. 2 deposition fan body cross sections 12, phase time 2-1 paroxysmal floods The phase time 1-4 paroxysmal fluvial depositions of strong erosion early stage, or even corrode the 1-2 paroxysmal fluvial depositions for the phase earlier that arrived； Phase time 1-4 paroxysmals fluvial deposition sinks in the phase time 1-5 drag flows between mutation pinching, and phase time 1-4 and phase time 2-1 to the left Product thing is eaten away completely, only has remnants on the right side of phase time fan bodies of the 2-1 without deposition.Fan body (tests No. 1 thing on the right side of Figure 11 The deposition fan body of source channels formation) drawing in side sectional elevation, the lake level rapid increase phase, the increased amount of holding space is more than sedimentary supply Amount, paroxysmal fluvial deposition with move back product based on, horizontal swing deposition it is unobvious；Lake level high position stationary stage, holding space increases Plus amount be less than sedimentary supply amount, the horizontal stacked deposition characteristicses of compensation deposition, migration of deposit that paroxysmal flood is brought.
C. plane characteristic：With reference to time sand thickness plane distribution of each phase, and it is used as by 3cm of thickness fluvial deposition cell cube Border, as seen from Figure 12：Single phase paroxysmal fluvial deposition cell cube often shows as gradually becoming from root to end thickness Little " colulus " without water channel of small, change width, many phases " colulus " migrate swing in the plane, multiple without water channel ligulate Body ultimately forms the fan-shaped feature in plane.
(4) the theoretical formula model of fluvial deposition cell cube central longitudinal sectional thickness change is set up.
On the basis of clear and definite glutenite fluvial deposition cell cube plane configuration, for fluvial deposition cell cube of each phase time, Finely count its on central vertical section away from material resource point different distance when thickness, as shown in figure 13, find out on central vertical section Fluvial deposition unit body thickness and the functional relation away from material resource point between, set up the central vertical section of fluvial deposition cell cube thick The theoretical formula model of change is spent, the expression formula of the model is：A, b are undetermined coefficient in h=aLn (d)+b, formula；H puts sand for certain Conglomerate thickness；D is the point away from material resource point distance.As shown in Figure 14, the reason of fluvial deposition cell cube central longitudinal sectional thickness change Meet logarithm changing rule by formula model.
Second step：Division and contrast fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body.
(1) the fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body criteria for classifying is set up.
With the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process to instruct, glutenite sedimentation unit specify that Body depositional model is：Sand-conglomerate body of single phase time is followed successively by mud debris flow deposit-paroxysmal fluvial deposition-intermittent phase from bottom to top Fine-grained sediment, each deposition may have been lacked in different parts, but a positive cyclothem is integrally formed, and can be used as Division and contrast Elementary cell, wherein intermittent phase fine-grained sediment can as cascade correlation important symbol；In transverse direction sand body have compensation deposition, Migrate the feature swung；Intermittent phase fine-grained sediment preserves best in fan edge simultaneously, gradually thinning to fan root direction thickness, such as schemes 15th, shown in Figure 16.Using fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body depositional model as guidance, gravel is set up Rock mass earthquake and the drilling data criteria for classifying.
1. the earthquake criteria for classifying
As shown in Figure 17 (single material resource), Figure 18 (double material resources), the central vertical profile of a fan body is tested by single material resource tunnels analogy The forward simulation in face and double disconnected slope simulated experiment cross sections 12 of material resource passage shovel is found, between Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand-conglomerate body deposition The lacustrine mud deposited during the change of disconnected or source direction, often shown as on seismic profile stable continuous strong reflection feature, And sedimentary break is longer, mud stone thickness is bigger, seismic reflection is stronger.Pendulum is migrated in paroxysmal flood compensation deposition, sand body transverse direction It is dynamic, the feature of the convex deposition " fan anticline " of bottom flat-top is formed, on earthquake cross section, is not existed between the same period time sand body obvious Earthquake, which is cut, to cut, swings feature, and mud stone is not thicker between the synsedimentary phase time, and seismic reflection is stronger.Utilize seismic data reflectance signature The Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand-conglomerate body deposition phase time is divided, it is necessary to follow following principle：
A. cross section is first explained, vertical section is then explained.In the cross section of vertical source direction, fluvial deposition formation Colulus migration swings feature substantially, and the glutenite deposition phase time, which explains, to be easier to.On the vertical section parallel to material resource, due to by Swing and the influence of water eroding and flooding are migrated to colulus, Seismic reflection character is poor.
B. in being explained in seismic profile cross section, gradually explained from fan body leading edge to fan body root.Fan body leading edge mud stone is sent out Educate, seismic reflection understands continuously, easily follow the trail of；To root position is fanned, because fan body frequently migrates swing, water eroding and flooding, often Lack shale layer, seismic reflection is gradually deteriorated.
C. in being explained in seismic profile vertical section, gradually explained from fan lateral margin to fan center.At fan lateral margin position, shale layer The number of plies is more, thickness greatly and stably, seismic reflection is continuous, it is determined that deposition phase time interface and relation are easier to.In fan body middle position, Because fan body frequently migrates swing, water eroding and flooding, often lack shale layer, seismic reflection is gradually deteriorated.
D. seismic reflection enveloping surface is explained descending.The seismic reflection enveloping surface reflection deposition phase time, enveloping surface rank is got over Greatly, deposition phase time thickness is bigger, and break time is longer between the phase time, and seismic reflection is more clear.
2. the drilling data criteria for classifying
The deposition of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sand-conglomerate body is influenceed greatly by material resource, main with deposition in the sufficient situation of sediment supply Based on glutenite, and material resource lacks or source direction change in the case of, to deposit based on lacustrine mud；When sand-conglomerate body is long The rest periods of phase, the thick-layer lacustrine mud of Stable distritation will be deposited, the set mud stone represents larger sand-conglomerate body deposition Qi Ci circle Face, as shown in Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 15, the key that sedimentation unit body is divided is different in different depositions or deposition of the same race Identification cycle interface in the numerous petrofacies surfaces of discontinuity developed between phase time, and only develop in many deposition sequential combinations just The petrofacies surface of discontinuity of cycle bottom is only real cycle interface, wherein the mud stone for representing sedimentary break is most reliable reference mark Will.And the lithofacies assemblages standard of different parts is also different, as shown in figure 19.
It is mainly mud-rock flow and paroxysmal fluvial deposition to fan root position, close to being etched root intermittent phase fine-grained sediment more, Using mud debris flow deposit as the bottom circle of sedimentation unit body, deposited upwards for a phase or many phase flood types, to there is mudstone next time Stream is deposited as the top circle (simulation well location 1) of the sedimentation unit body；The fan forward position intermittent phase fine-grained sediment of root can partly retain, and draw Timesharing is then using mud debris flow deposit-flood type deposition-intermittent phase fine-grained sediment as a sedimentation unit, using mud debris flow deposit as unit The bottom of body, with the top (simulation well location 2) for being demarcated as sedimentation unit body of intermittent phase fine-grained sediment and next phase mud debris flow deposit.And Inside a sedimentation unit body, the phase time that can be deposited again according to flood type, sedimentation unit body is divided into several one-levels The secondary sedimentation unit of one of sedimentation unit, wherein foot is combination (the simulation well location that mud debris flow deposit is deposited with flood type 1st, 2), each secondary sedimentation unit is that flood type deposits (simulation well location 1) or flood type deposition and intermittent phase fine-grained sediment thereon Combination (simulation well location 2).
It is mainly paroxysmal fluvial deposition and a small amount of intermittent phase fine-grained sediment to fan in the middle part of main body, can also have a small amount of mud-rock flow to sink Product extends so far position, is characterized with developing superimposition or the even normal grading glutenite for pressing from both sides thin layer dark mud rock, sedimentation unit body Bottom is mud debris flow deposit (simulation well location 3) or flood type deposition (simulation well location 4), occurs intermittent phase fine-grained sediment successively upwards The alternating deposited with flood type, therebetween intermittent phase fine-grained sediment can be corroded by fluvial deposition and become very thin, it is thick until being formed Mfs layer, which is deposited, represents the end of a sedimentation unit, and flood type thereon is deposited as the beginning of next sedimentation unit body；And Extended from closely fanning root to fan edge direction, intermittent phase fine-grained sediment thickness is in increase tendency；Inside sedimentation unit body, then with interval Phase fine-grained sediment is mark, and sedimentation unit body is divided into the sedimentation unit of several one-levels, the sedimentation unit of each one-level Body is flood type deposition-intermittent phase fine-grained sediment from bottom to top.
It is mainly intermittent phase fine-grained sediment to fan edge position, and it is relatively thin that flood type deposition then becomes, and it is dark-coloured to be sandwiched in thick-layer with development Flagstone in mud stone is characterized, each sedimentation unit body is deposited by flood type, upwards for intermittent phase fine-grained sediment and Flood type deposition interaction, and mud stone thickness becomes big, and flood type deposit thickness is thinning, until occur argillite deposition and its When the thicker flood type in top is deposited, using argillite top circle as the top circle of a cell cube；, equally can be by one at this position Sedimentation unit body is divided into the sedimentation unit body of multiple one-levels, and each time one-level sedimentation unit body is sunk by flood type from bottom to top Product and mud stone composition, may lack flood type deposition foremost in fan body, and the division to next primary unit body is more difficult, needs To be carried out by other method.
On the basis of being divided to the individual well sedimentation unit body of different parts, then contrast between well can be carried out.When being contrasted between well Contrasted by constraint of Genetic of Sandbodies mechanism, i.e., genesis of debris flow sand body is connected with genesis of debris flow sand body, paroxysmal flood Genetic sandstones are connected with paroxysmal flood genesis sand body, and intermittent phase fine-grained sediment is connected with intermittent phase fine-grained sediment, so different The sand body of the origin cause of formation is superimposed on vertical, each by mud debris flow deposit to intermittent phase fine-grained sediment one unit of Sequence composition Body.
(2) fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body seismic data is divided.
According to the fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body seismic data criteria for classifying, utilize Geoframe seismic interpretation softwares, carry out 1*1 gridding explanations, as shown in figure 20 to research area's high accuracy surface modelling data. Seismic reflection axle is clearer at fan body fan edge, and lateral transfer swaying movement regularity substantially, therefore first fans edge determination on cross section The larger deposition phase time interface and relation, then chased after on cross section to fan center to fan body root and vertical section Shang Youshan lateral margins Track is explained, as shown in Figure 21, Figure 22；On the basis of clearly larger deposition phase time interface location and relation, according to " enveloping surface rank By big → small " seismic interpretation principle, it is determined that secondary one-level deposition phase time interface location and relation.A is offshore water in above-mentioned Figure 21 Lower fan plane distribution and the seismic profile location drawing, top line represent seismic profile B position, and line on the lower represents seismic profile C position；B is fan body root seismic profile；C is fan body leading edge seismic profile.In Figure 22 A be Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans plane distribution and The seismic profile location drawing, left side line represents seismic profile B position, and right-hand line represents seismic profile C position；B is fan lateral margin Position seismic profile；C is the central seismic profile of fan body.By fine Division and contrast, it is pure on Sha Si in mark off 15 compared with The big deposition phase time, major phases time by development be successively named as successively Es4scs-1, Es4scs-2, Es4scs-3, Es4scs-4, Es4scs-5、Es4scs-6、Es4scs-7、Es4scs-8、Es4scs-9、Es4scs-10、Es4scs-11、Es4scs-12、 Es4scs-13, Es4scs-14 and Es4scs-15, are further divided into 72 one-level deposition phases time.
(3) fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body drilling data is divided.
According to the fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body drilling data criteria for classifying, comprehensive utilization Log data, rock core information, well logging landwaste data are surveyed, with mud debris flow deposit-paroxysmal fluvial deposition-intermittent phase fine-grained sediment Positive sequence is superposed to elementary cell, carries out the division of different level sedimentation unit bodies to drilling data in coreldraw softwares, such as Figure 23 show the core analysis of Y-22 wells and divides the individual well deposition phase time.
(4) carry out fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body and connect well contrast
Using high accuracy surface modelling data and well logging sonic differential time data, using inside geoframe softwares Synthetics modules, m- depth relationship (i.e. composite traces) when setting up each well of ×× oil field ×× fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region, such as Shown in Figure 24, divided with fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body seismic data and drilling data is divided As a result based on, m- depth relationship is constraint during using individual well, with contrastive pattern between Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite well (such as Figure 19 institutes Show) to instruct, the deposition cascade correlation contrast between well is carried out, the spatial of sedimentation unit body of each phase time is determined, each phase time is heavy The spatial of product unit body is as shown in Figure 25, Figure 26.By fine Division and contrast, 15 deposition phases time glutenite is marked off altogether Body, it is in the plane, each to deposit the phase time with obvious ligulate volume morphing, the spy of deposition is swung, compensated with migration on the whole Levy.
3rd step：Quantitative prediction Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance.
(1) fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness is determined.
Fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Seasonal flood enter lacustrine deposits formation ligule sand-conglomerate body thickness forward end and both sides by Gradual change is thin, and final transition deposits for the mud stone of thin layer, and its border is difficult to determine in theory.But, to determine paroxysm of single phase time Property fluvial deposition glutenite colulus the quantitative Distribution Pattern in space, it is necessary to first determine the border of glutenite colulus.
This research is from exploration and development effectiveness, it is determined that the border of fluvial deposition glutenite colulus of single phase time Thickness.On the basis of the division of sedimentation unit body, choose well pattern and be distributed more intensive sedimentation unit body, by analyzing the single phase The oiliness of secondary fluvial deposition glutenite colulus edge well location is understood, when glutenite cumulative thickness is more than 5m in the single phase time When based on oil reservoir, less than 5m based on dried layer, as shown in figure 27.Found by counting, as shown in Figure 28, Figure 29, Dan Qici When glutenite colulus edge glutenite cumulative thickness is less than 5m, individual layer glutenite thickness is with less than based on 1m；As shown in figure 30, Individual layer glutenite percentage composition focuses mostly in the range of 1%-5%, and formation thickness is generally less than 10m.Therefore, glutenite is accumulated Thickness 5m or formation thickness 10m is used as fluvial deposition glutenite colulus bound thickness of single phase time.
(2) the maximum extended distance of quantitative prediction fluvial deposition cell cube.
Complete on the basis of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentation unit body divides and be determined sedimentation unit body bound thickness, according to Well location quantity is different with distribution situation on each sedimentation unit body, takes different schemes to prolong work area fluvial deposition cell cube maximum Distance is stretched to be predicted：
1. when only 2 mouthfuls of work area well punches the sedimentation unit body of a certain phase time, and positioned at the maximum extension side of sedimentation unit body To central vertical section on when, by two mouthfuls of wells correspond to this element body thickness h1And h2, and away from material resource point apart from d1、d2Point Do not bring sedimentation unit body central longitudinal sectional thickness change theoretical formula h=aLn (d)+b that experiment is obtained into, obtain undetermined coefficient A, b, then border formation thickness boundary 10m is brought into, so that it may try to achieve its maximum extended distance dmax。
12-4 phase sub-cell bodies in work area as shown in figure 31, only two mouthfuls wells punch the cell cube and are located therein entreating vertical profile On face, the unit body thickness that can obtain well 6 by logging data and well location coordinate is 90.88m, is 1.76km, well away from material resource point distance 26 unit body thickness is 38.45m, is 3.27km away from material resource point distance, brings equations equation into：
Solve
It can thus be appreciated that the change formula of cell cube center vertical section overlying strata thickness for h=-84.64ln (d)+ 723.37。
Bring preceding deposition cell cube border formation thickness 10m into formula, h can be obtainedmax=4754m.
2. when there is >=3 mouthfuls of wells on sedimentation unit body, the individual well formation thickness using each unit body is made as foundation with method of equal intervals Go out the formation thickness isogram of each unit body, as shown in figure 32.Then, on the central vertical section of maximum bearing of trend, read Take away from material resource point different distance (d1、d2、d3、d4、d5...) when a series of thickness value (h1、h2、h3、h4、h 5...), and then Using theoretical formula h=aLn (d)+b as constraint, different sedimentation unit body center vertical section formation thickness h are fitted and away from material resource distance D functional relation, as shown in figure 33, so as to obtain the quantitative formula of central vertical section formation thickness change.Finally will deposition Cell cube outland layer thickness value (10m) brings the separate equations into, it is possible to obtain the maximum extended distance of each cell cube.
3. when well position number≤1 on sedimentation unit body or there are 2 mouthfuls of wells but during not on central vertical section, summarize first intensive The changing rule of the maximum extended distance of well pattern area sedimentation unit body, then according to the similitude of geologic setting, with empirical value pair The maximum extended distance of such cell cube is predicted.
Research finds the scale of fluvial deposition glutenite colulus by the ancient landform angle of gradient (the deposit surface gradient in advance Angle) influence larger.By analysis, the regional ×× block fluvial deposition ancient landform angle of gradient of ×× is divided into 3 classes：I, ancient landforms slope Degree angle concentrates on 10 ° or so；The II, ancient landform angles of gradient concentrate on 6 ° -8 ° or so；The III, ancient landform angles of gradient concentrate on 5 ° or so.
Analyze fluvial deposition glutenite colulus development position of each single phase time to understand, the ancient landform angle of gradient is single phase of I class Secondary fluvial deposition glutenite colulus development is in Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans formation early stage, and the ancient landform angle of gradient is the flood of single phase time of II class The development of glutenite colulus is deposited in Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans formation mid-term, and the ancient landform angle of gradient is the fluvial deposition of single phase time of III class Glutenite colulus major developmental forms late period in Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans, as shown in figure 34.
As shown in Figure 35, for the different ancient landform angles of gradient, the central vertical profile of fluvial deposition glutenite colulus can be simplified Face thickness quantization signifying formula, i.e.,：
α>10°：H=106.6Ln (d)+869.76
6°<α<10°：H=86.63Ln (d)+702.49
α<6°：H=46.74Ln (d)+393.49
In formula, h is the formation thickness；D is put away from tomography distance for certain.
Fluvial deposition glutenite colulus central longitudinal sectional thickness quantifies under the conditions of the different ancient landform angles of gradient are summarized On the basis of sign formula, you can according to the ancient landform condition of studied sedimentation unit body, quantitative formula is selected, then by border Formation thickness is brought into, asks for maximum extended distance.
The research area 3-3 phases time only punch in edge a bite well as shown in figure 36, and data is limited, therefore by the phase secondary earthquake Section development position, II class ancient landform angle of gradient empirical equation of selection approximately obtains the phase time Distribution Pattern, by bound thickness band Enter to try to achieve its maximum extended distance for 2962.09m, and the extended distance of the actual geologic body read on seismic profile is 3128.23m, such as Figure 37, error 5.31%, it is therefore seen that its predicted value is more accurate.
As shown in figure 38, certain area find Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition sand-conglomerate body, it is developed first have to it is bright The areal extent of true sedimentation unit body, wherein the critically important one maximum extended distance for being just to determine fan body.It is single not knowing In the case of first body extended distance, its expanded range is controlled to be dug a well successively it is necessary to the bearing of trend constantly along sand body, such as 1 Well, 2 wells, 3 wells and 4 wells, so can only bore in 1 well, 2 wells and 3 wells and meet sand body, and 4 wells can't bore the sand for meeting same cell cube Body, so as to as invalid well, cause unnecessary economic loss；And in the process of the present invention the extension of clear and definite sedimentation unit body maximum away from From in the case of, it can specify near the position that farthest well should be beaten in 5 wells.Therefore clear and definite fluvial deposition cell cube maximum is prolonged Stretch the changing rule of distance and set up its Quantitative prediction methods, to accurate deployment well location, save exploitation funds and improve and develop effect Rate is significant.
Embodiment provided above is only of the invention with illustrating for convenience, not limiting the scope of the invention, Technical scheme category of the present invention, person of ordinary skill in the field makees various simple deformations and modification, all should include In above claim.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube, it is characterised in that：Containing with Lower step：
The first step：Fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and section Distribution Characteristics are specified, it is walked Suddenly it is：(1) determine that research area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition ancient landform feature, glutenite deposition characteristicses and clear and definite Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans are heavy Product origin mechanism, (2) carry out the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process, and (3) determine that fault depressed lacustrine basin is steep Slope band Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube plane and profile features, it is thick that (4) set up the central vertical section of fluvial deposition cell cube Spend the theoretical formula model of change；
Second step：Division and contrast fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body, its step is：(1) set up The fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body criteria for classifying, (2) divide fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region offshore water Lower fan glutenite sedimentation unit body seismic data, (3) divide fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body Drilling data, (4) carry out fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body and connect well contrast；
3rd step：Quantitative prediction Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance, its step is：(1) really Determine fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness, (2) quantitative prediction fluvial deposition cell cube maximum extended distance, it is concretely comprised the following steps： Complete on the basis of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentation unit body divides and determine fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness, according to each deposition Well location quantity is different with distribution situation in cell cube, take following different schemes to the maximum extension of fluvial deposition cell cube away from From being predicted：
1. when there was only 2 mouthfuls of wells on sedimentation unit body and on the central vertical section of maximum bearing of trend, by two mouthfuls of well correspondences Theoretical formula model is brought into the thickness of sedimentation unit body and the distance away from material resource point, undetermined coefficient is asked for, it is determined that central vertical profile Flood cell cube thickness change formula on face, comprehensive unit body bound thickness determines its maximum extended distance；
2. when there are >=3 mouthfuls of wells on sedimentation unit body, the formation thickness isogram of cell cube is drawn out using equidistant method, closely A series of thickness during like on the central vertical section of reading unit body away from material resource point different distance, then using in the fitting of these data The formation thickness on vertical section and the quantitative relation formula away from material resource point between are entreated, bound thickness is brought into, you can obtain maximum and prolong Stretch distance；
3. when well position number≤1 on sedimentation unit body or there are 2 mouthfuls of wells but during not on central vertical section, summarize different paleotopography bars The extended distance of sedimentation unit body under part, determines the empirical value of sedimentation unit body extended distance, so as to prolong to sedimentation unit body Distance is stretched to be predicted.
2. the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：In the step of first step (1), using high accuracy surface modelling data, research area's offshore is obtained by software Submarine fan deposi tion ancient landform feature；By Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite core observation, sedimentary structure, particle knot according to clastic rock Structure and color characteristic, determine Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature；According to Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies And lithofacies assemblages feature, with reference to the observation of field present deposition type, determine that fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans is deposited Type of action, then sets up between fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans deposition type and control basin faulting and weather Relation.
3. the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：In the step of first step (2), when carrying out simulated experiment, first, based on studying area's ancient landform feature, According to geometric similarity principle, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process experimental provision, contrived experiment are built Substrate；Secondly, based on studying area's Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite lithofacies characteristics research, with fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region near-shore underwater Sedimentary origin mechanism is fanned to instruct, according to similarity theory, the tank deposition simulation of design fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Experimentation and experiment parameter, carry out the experiment of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process, were tested entirely Cheng Zhong, keeps all depositions to develop completely under water, to reflect forecast about deep-water deposition；In the step (3), in step (2) after fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process experiment terminates, by the water of tank in analogue experiment installation It is allowed to dry, fine dissection is carried out using gridding anatomic method to sedimentary simulating experiment lithosomic body, fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region is specified near Bank subaqueous fans plane and section deposition characteristicses.
4. the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：It is right while studying Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans plane and profile features in the step of first step (4) In time fluvial deposition cell cube of each phase, finely count its on central vertical section away from material resource point different distance when thickness, find out Fluvial deposition unit body thickness and the functional relation away from material resource point between, set up fluvial deposition cell cube on central vertical section The theoretical formula model of central longitudinal sectional thickness change, its expression formula is：In h=aLn (d)+b, formula, a, b are undetermined coefficient；h For certain point glutenite thickness；D is the point away from material resource point distance.
5. according to the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube described in claim 1, it is special Levy and be：It is real to fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process using software in the step of second step (1) Seismic forward simulation is carried out in the cross section tested and vertical section, sets up fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans sedimentation unit body vertical profile Face and the cross section seismic data criteria for classifying；With fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans Simulation of Sediment Process experiment cross section and Based on vertical section, binding area Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite petrofacies and lithofacies assemblages feature set up fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans diverse location sedimentation unit body drilling data is divided and contrast standard.
6. according to the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube described in claim 1, it is special Levy and be：In the step of second step (2), according to fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body earthquake The data criteria for classifying, carries out Fine structural interpretation to research area's high accuracy surface modelling data using software, divides fault depressed lacustrine basin abrupt slope Band Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body.
7. according to the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube described in claim 1, it is special Levy and be：In the step of second step (3), using rock core, well logging landwaste, Conventional Logs, using software, according to rift The lake basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans diverse location sedimentation unit body drilling data criteria for classifying, carries out drilling data to glutenite and sinks Product unit body is divided.
8. according to the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube described in claim 1, it is special Levy and be：In the step of second step (4), first, high accuracy surface modelling data and well logging sonic differential time data, profit are utilized With software setup time-depth relationship；Then, provided with the earthquake of fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans glutenite sedimentation unit body Based on material division and drilling data division result, m- depth relationship carries out fault depressed lacustrine basin actic region near as constraint during using individual well Contrasted between bank subaqueous fans glutenite sedimentation unit body well.
9. according to the maximum extended distance Quantitative prediction methods of Analyze of Nearshore Subaqueous Fans fluvial deposition cell cube described in claim 1, it is special Levy and be：In the step of three step (1), on the basis of the division of sedimentation unit body, with densely distributed some of well pattern Or several sedimentation unit bodies be object, formation thickness, oiliness and the oil-producing situation of statistical analysis sedimentation unit body edge well location, So that it is determined that fluvial deposition cell cube bound thickness.
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