CN105467272A - Cable-fault on-line detection device based on wide-band chaotic signal and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Cable-fault on-line detection device based on wide-band chaotic signal and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105467272A CN105467272A CN201510823035.XA CN201510823035A CN105467272A CN 105467272 A CN105467272 A CN 105467272A CN 201510823035 A CN201510823035 A CN 201510823035A CN 105467272 A CN105467272 A CN 105467272A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
Abstract
A cable-fault on-line detection device based on a wide-band chaotic signal and a detection method thereof are disclosed. An electrical chaotic source, a power divider, a data acquisition card and a computer are included. An output terminal of the electrical chaotic source is connected to an input terminal of the power divider. An output terminal of the power divider comprises a low power signal output terminal and a high power signal output terminal. The low power signal output terminal is connected to an analog quantity input terminal of the data acquisition card. The high power signal output terminal is connected to an input terminal of a T-shaped connector. One output terminal of the T-shaped connector is connected to the analog quantity input terminal of the data acquisition card. The other output terminal of the T-shaped connector is connected to a detected cable and then is connected to the analog quantity input terminal of the data acquisition card. A digital quantity output terminal of the data acquisition card is connected to an input terminal of the computer. The detection device takes a chaotic signal generated by a single-stage Colpitts circuit as a detection signal. A chaotic signal correlation method is used to measure a fault point of the cable so that cable open circuit point positioning is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of cable fault on-line measuring device and cable fault online test method, particularly relate to a kind of cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal and cable fault online test method.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of electric power and communication system, people transmission of information and obtain message context reach unprecedented convenient.The proportion of various transmission line shared by national basis facility is increasing, facilitate huge transmission circuit network, but, be subject to the impact of human factor and disaster, the various losses of transmission line are inevitable, bring serious economic loss and potential safety hazard to country and society.Therefore, the promptly and accurately fault of probe transmission line, to ensureing that the timely recovery of communication and electrical power services is significant.
Transmission line, as the neural line of communications network system, serves very important effect to the normal operation of system and safety.Proposed multiple transmission line fault detection technique at present, wherein, reflectrometry need measure echoed signal because of it, without the need to Modling model, becomes preferred option.Type reflects mensuration according to incoming signal can be divided into: time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR).Time Domain Reflectometry ratio juris sends a pulse signal in transmission line, by positioning trouble spot the time delay of measuring between incoming signal and reflected signal, carried out the detection of fault type by the polarity measuring reflected signal.Frequency domain reflection ratio juris and time domain reflectometry principle similar.Though TDR and FDR can realize high-precision localization of fault, be easily transmitted existing signal in line due to the two signal launched and noise circumstance flooded, so be not suitable for the on-line checkingi of transmission line.Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry, be that transmitting one row pseudo-random code enters transmission line, the correlation properties according to random signal carry out fault detect, by increasing the length of random series, can solve measuring accuracy and this contradiction of measuring distance.But, high speed pseudo-random code expensive, system complex, and periodically affect by pseudo-random code and usually can introduce false-alarm and erroneous judgement.Further, comparatively large to signal transmission interference in cable owing to transmitting, above-mentioned three kinds of methods are not suitable for the on-line checkingi of cable.Sequence time domain reflectometry (STDR), noise territory reflectometry (NDR) efficiently solve this problem.But sequence time domain reflectometry measuring accuracy is limited to the speed of pseudo-random sequence, and speed is higher, and precision is higher, pseudo-random generator valency is at a high speed also more expensive.The restriction of noise territory reflectometry owing to cannot regulate by noise in transmission line is a kind of passive detection method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes, based on the cable fault on-line measuring device of Chaotic Wideband Signal and detection method, to realize transmission line localization of fault, impedance mismatching point location and categorical measures and on-line checkingi.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal, comprise electric chaos source, power divider, data collecting card and computing machine, described electric chaos source comprises Colpitts chaos circuit, the output terminal in electricity chaos source connects the input end of power divider, the output terminal of power divider comprises low-power signal output terminal and high power signals output terminal, the analog input end of low-power signal output terminal connection data capture card, high power signals output terminal connects the input end of T-shaped connector, the analog input end of an output terminal connection data capture card of T-shaped connector, another output terminal of T-shaped connector connects the analog input end of connection data capture card again after tested cable, the digital output end of data collecting card connects the input end of computing machine.
Preferably, described electric chaos source comprises the Colpitts chaos circuit of single-stage, emitter follower and coupling capacitance C4; The Colpitts chaos circuit of described single-stage comprises triode Q1, inductance L, electric capacity C1 and C2, inductance L, electric capacity C1 and C2 form a resonant network jointly, triode Q2 and be connected to triode Q2 base stage coupling capacitance C5 form emitter follower, the other end of the emitter butt coupling electric capacity C5 of triode Q1, the emitter butt coupling electric capacity C4 of triode Q2.
Preferably, described electric chaos source also comprises two-way filtering circuit, regulation voltage source V1 and regulation voltage source V2, inductance L 0 forms filtering circuit with the electric capacity C0 being connected to inductance L 0 two ends, one end of No. one filtering circuit connects regulation voltage source V1, and the other end of filtering circuit is connected with the resistance R that triode Q1 collector is connected; One end of another road filtering circuit connects regulation voltage source V2, and the other end of filtering circuit is connected with the resistance Re that triode Q1 emitter is connected.
A kind of cable fault online test method utilized based on the cable fault on-line measuring device of Chaotic Wideband Signal, it is characterized in that, the electric chaotic signal that electricity chaos source produces is divided into low-power signal and high power signals two-way by power divider: the low-power signal PD1 that low-power signal output terminal exports, as with reference to signal, directly inputs data collecting card; The high power signals PD2 that high power signals output terminal exports is divided into the identical signal of two-way by a T-shaped connector: a road is injected in tested transmission cable as detectable signal, run into fault rear section and reflect to form reflected signal, another road is as basal signal; Reference signal, reflected signal, basal signal all carry out analog to digital conversion and storage by data collecting card, then read data by computing machine from digital quantizer;
If reference signal, basal signal and reflected signal are respectively
,
with
,
with
be all
late replicating,
with
corresponding time delay is respectively
with
,
with
utilize following formula to calculate to obtain simultaneously:
be
relative to
time delay, the position of trouble spot is
,
the velocity of propagation of signal in transmission cable; The factor in formula
represent the reduction causing power detecting signal due to the decay of transmission cable and the reflection at impedance mismatching place.
Preferably, the discrete null method of multiple averaging is adopted to process data:
Identical for two row length reference signal C1, C2 are done additive operation, obtains new reference signal C; The mixed signal e1, the e2 that comprise basal signal and reflected signal are done additive operation, obtains new reflected signal e; Revised reference signal C is done auto-correlation normalization computing, revised reference signal C and reflected signal e is done cross-correlation normalization computing simultaneously; Repeat above-mentioned steps, carry out multiple averaging, the most high reverse--bias peak alignment of the main peak of the autocorrelator trace after average treatment and cross-correlation curve, subtracts each other with each point is corresponding on the autocorrelator trace except main peak with each point on cross-correlation curve, obtains final trouble spot information.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Should based on the cable fault on-line measuring device of Chaotic Wideband Signal, the chaotic signal produced by the Colpitts circuit by single-stage, as detectable signal, utilizes the trouble spot of chaotic signal correlation method to cable to measure.Realize the location of cable open circuit point, in concentric cable URM43, the location of open circuit point within the scope of 900m can be realized; Achieve location and the categorical measures of cable middle impedance mismatch point, and possess the on-line checkingi ability of ultralow interference, and measurement dynamic range is large.Its advantage and beneficial effect are concentrated as follows:
(1) chaos signal source that the Colpitts oscillatory circuit of direct single-stage produces carries out trouble spot measurement, significantly reduce cost, and structure is simple, is convenient to integrated.The Chaotic Wideband Signal produced, owing to having the characteristics such as aperiodicity, broadband, noise like, δ type correlation curve, when finding range, has low intercepting and capturing rate, high precision and high anti-interfering performance.
(2) the Colpitts oscillatory circuit of chaos signal source single-stage produces, and its chaotic signal shows as noise like characteristic on waveform, and the spectral range of its correspondence is very wide, and easily produces GHZ high-frequency microwave chaotic signal., can find out from the autocorrelator trace of chaotic signal, the chaotic signal of generation has the shape of similar function δ, has good randomness meanwhile, can be used as radar signal and uses.
(3) power of the chaotic signal produced with the Colpitts oscillatory circuit of single-stage lower than transmission line general noise margin and antijamming capability is strong, be adapted to very much the on-line checkingi of transmission line, eliminate the drawback that TDR and FDR is unsuitable for on-line checkingi.
(4) using the Colpitts chaos circuit of single-stage as signal source, the trouble spot of correlation properties to transmission line based on chaotic signal is detected.The method structure is simple and cheap, can realize the identification of the dissimilar reflection event of cable, and meanwhile, the method is applicable to cable off-line or on-line checkingi, is with a wide range of applications.
(5) data processing algorithm of data Collection & Processing System adopts the discrete null method of multiple averaging to realize the high s/n ratio related operation of chaotic signal in real time.Namely repetitive measurement is averaged the energy being equivalent to and increasing detectable signal, thus improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).After average calculating operation, then carry out the intrinsic noise that discrete null method reduces chaotic signal correlation curve, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is enhanced further, and the reflex response of trouble spot is also by clear detection.System comprises high-speed data acquisition hardware and control software design, and cost is low, and reliability is high, and is beneficial to integrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram in the present invention's electricity chaos source;
Fig. 3 is Data collection and precessing system operational flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the discrete null method algorithm flow chart of multiple averaging of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the autocorrelation haracter linearity curve of chaotic signal in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is concentric cable open circuit point detection and localization figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention can measure length detection schematic diagram farthest;
Fig. 8 is the instrumentation plan of impedance mismatching of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: see Fig. 1-2, a kind of cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal, comprises electric chaos source (Colpittsoscillator), power divider (PD), data collecting card and computing machine.
Electricity chaos source comprises the Colpitts chaos circuit of a single-stage, and described electric chaos source is by triode Q
1, inductance L, electric capacity C
1and C
2form, triode Q
1as the non-linear gain device in circuit, be the core that circuit produces chaotic oscillation, inductance L, electric capacity C
1and C
2common composition resonant network.Inductance L
0with electric capacity C
0composition filtering circuit, for by direct supply in circuit with exchange vibrate mutually isolated.The oscillator signal produced is by coupling capacitance C
5with by triode Q
2an emitter follower Deng element composition is connected, and chaotic signal is through coupling capacitance C
4export.By regulation voltage source V1 and V2, make circuit can be operated in different oscillatory regimes.By using inductance L, the electric capacity C of different size
1and C
2, the Colpitts oscillator of single-stage directly can produce the chaotic signal of the various frequencies comprising microwave.
The output terminal in electricity chaos source connects the input end of power divider, the output terminal of power divider comprises low-power signal output terminal and high power signals output terminal, the analog input end of low-power signal output terminal connection data capture card, high power signals output terminal connects the input end of T-shaped connector, the analog input end of an output terminal connection data capture card of T-shaped connector, another output terminal of T-shaped connector connects the analog input end of connection data capture card again after tested cable, and the digital output end of data collecting card connects the input end of computing machine.
Embodiment two: see Fig. 3-8, a kind of cable fault online test method utilizing the cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal described in embodiment one, comprises following process:
The electric chaotic signal that electricity chaos source produces is divided into two-way by the power divider (PD) of 95:5: export energy be the low-power signal PD1 of 5% as with reference to signal, directly input data collecting card; Export energy be 95% high power signals PD2 be divided into the identical signal of two-way by a T-shaped connector: a road is injected in tested transmission cable as detectable signal, run into fault rear section and reflect to form reflected signal, another road is as basal signal.All signals finally all carry out analog to digital conversion and storage by data collecting card, then after data collecting card reading data carry out related operation, show result by computing machine.By the reference signal of calculating data collecting card record and the related function of detectable signal waveform, correlation curve due to chaotic signal has carefully sharp δ functional form, therefore can carry out fault point locating by doing relevant treatment to reference signal and mixed signal (comprising the detectable signal of basal signal and reflection).If reference signal, basal signal and reflected signal are respectively
,
with
.Wherein,
with
be all
late replicating, corresponding time delay is respectively
with
.
with
correlation computations can be utilized to obtain simultaneously, as shown in the formula:
Obviously,
be
relative to
time delay, i.e. the travel-time of detectable signal round trip between T-shaped connector and trouble spot.Therefore, the position of trouble spot is
,
the velocity of propagation of signal in transmission cable.The factor in formula
represent the reduction causing power detecting signal due to the decay of transmission cable and the reflection of impedance mismatching place (such as trip point).Therefore, the size of impedance mismatching can be measured by correlation curve equally.
Chaotic Wideband Signal refers to broadband electricity chaotic signal, Chaotic Wideband Signal has the advantages such as noise like, aperiodicity, related function function similarity of curves and broadband, therefore, when finding range research, there is high antijamming capability, low intercepting and capturing frequency and higher precision.Chaotic Wideband Signal mainly contains optical, electrical two kinds of producing methods, and wherein low, expensive, the poor stability of optical chaos level of integrated system, cannot be applicable to range finding field widely.Broadband electricity chaotic signal, compared with optical chaos signal, has the advantages such as integrated level is high, low price, stable performance, has a wide range of applications.
The data processing algorithm of data Collection & Processing System have employed a kind of new data processing algorithm, i.e. the discrete null method of multiple averaging.Repetitive measurement is averaged the energy being equivalent to and increasing detectable signal, thus improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).After average calculating operation, then carry out the intrinsic noise that discrete null method reduces chaotic signal correlation curve, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is enhanced further, and the reflex response of trouble spot is also by clear detection.
The reflected signal that usual trouble spot produces is very weak, often cover by noise.Therefore, need to be averaging processing to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) to correlation curve by repetitive measurement.Namely, when reflected signal is more weak (as far away in trouble spot distance-measuring device), when carrying out related calculation to reference signal and reflected signal and only carry out single measurement, trouble spot information is not by me in ground unrest, and inspection does not measure signal.The discrete null method of multiple averaging is adopted to be handled as follows data: identical for two row length reference signal C1, C2 to be done additive operation, obtains new reference signal C.Corresponding mixed signal (comprising basal signal and reflected signal) e1, e2 do additive operation with it, obtain new reflected signal e.Revised reference signal is done auto-correlation normalization computing, revised reference signal and mixed signal are done cross-correlation normalization computing simultaneously.Repeat above-mentioned steps, carry out multiple averaging.The most high reverse--bias peak alignment of the main peak of the autocorrelator trace after average treatment and cross-correlation curve, obtains net result with each point on cross-correlation curve with corresponding the subtracting each other of each point on the autocorrelator trace except main peak.
For the chaotic signal that the Colpitts oscillatory circuit of single-stage produces, as shown in Figure 5, as can see from Figure 5, autocorrelator trace is symmetrical about zero point, and it is maximum to locate value at zero point, and curve has similar for its autocorrelation performance
the shape of function, the chaotic signal of generation has good randomness, and and the feature that shows of waveform, frequency spectrum consistent.Autocorrelator trace can characterize the height of its quality with full width at half maximum (fullwidthathalfmaximum) and side lobe levels.The full width at half maximum of autocorrelator trace and side lobe levels are respectively 2ns and-5.3dB as shown in Figure 5.
With bandwidth 1GHZ, characteristic impedance (50 ± 2)
be measurand with the concentric cable of electric capacity 100PF/m, provide the measurement result of the different concentric cable open circuit point of segment length, as shown in Figure 6, in Fig. 6, the position of open circuit point is respectively 100m, 200m, 300m, 400m, 500m, 600m, 700m place.As can see from Figure 6, relevant peaks peak value corresponding to open circuit point place reduces gradually along with the increase of tested cable length, still clearly can tell the position of open circuit point to 700m place.Measurable length is farthest estimated, as shown in Figure 7, data point in Fig. 7 is the actual data point in Fig. 6, by carrying out matching to actual data point, can estimate, when the peak value of reflection peak and the ratio (peak noise ratio) of ground noise are for 3dB, detectable maximum distance is 930m.
Fig. 8 gives the position of impedance mismatching point and the measurement result of type, the cable that in Fig. 8, type equal length is respectively 100m with 101.3m is connected by joint, terminal humorous with impedance adjustable is connected afterwards, by regulating the humorous terminal of impedance adjustable, can obtain different resistance values.From Fig. 8, not only can obtain the positional information of tie point, meanwhile, the positional information at impedance mismatching point place can also be obtained.The size of impedance mismatching place resistance value can be obtained by the peak value of reflection peak, and when the resistance value at impedance mismatching place is greater than the characteristic impedance of transmission line, (in experiment, the characteristic impedance of transmission line is 50
time), peak value is just; Otherwise peak value is negative.And the resistance value at mismatch point place and the characteristic impedance difference of transmission line larger, peak value is more obvious.
Claims (5)
1. the cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal, comprise electric chaos source, power divider, data collecting card and computing machine, it is characterized in that, described electric chaos source comprises Colpitts chaos circuit, the output terminal in electricity chaos source connects the input end of power divider, the output terminal of power divider comprises low-power signal output terminal and high power signals output terminal, the analog input end of low-power signal output terminal connection data capture card, high power signals output terminal connects the input end of T-shaped connector, the analog input end of an output terminal connection data capture card of T-shaped connector, another output terminal of T-shaped connector connects the analog input end of connection data capture card again after tested cable, the digital output end of data collecting card connects the input end of computing machine.
2. the cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electric chaos source comprises the Colpitts chaos circuit of single-stage, emitter follower and coupling capacitance C4; The Colpitts chaos circuit of described single-stage comprises triode Q1, inductance L, electric capacity C1 and C2, inductance L, electric capacity C1 and C2 form a resonant network jointly, triode Q2 and be connected to triode Q2 base stage coupling capacitance C5 form emitter follower, the other end of the emitter butt coupling electric capacity C5 of triode Q1, the emitter butt coupling electric capacity C4 of triode Q2.
3. the cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described electric chaos source also comprises two-way filtering circuit, regulation voltage source V1 and regulation voltage source V2, inductance L 0 forms filtering circuit with the electric capacity C0 being connected to inductance L 0 two ends, one end of No. one filtering circuit connects regulation voltage source V1, and the other end of filtering circuit is connected with the resistance R that triode Q1 collector is connected; One end of another road filtering circuit connects regulation voltage source V2, and the other end of filtering circuit is connected with the resistance Re that triode Q1 emitter is connected.
4. one kind utilizes the cable fault online test method based on the cable fault on-line measuring device of Chaotic Wideband Signal described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the electric chaotic signal that electricity chaos source produces is divided into low-power signal and high power signals two-way by power divider: the low-power signal PD1 that low-power signal output terminal exports, as with reference to signal, directly inputs data collecting card; The high power signals PD2 that high power signals output terminal exports is divided into the identical signal of two-way by a T-shaped connector: a road is injected in tested transmission cable as detectable signal, run into fault rear section and reflect to form reflected signal, another road is as basal signal; Reference signal, reflected signal, basal signal all carry out analog to digital conversion and storage by data collecting card, then read data by computing machine from digital quantizer;
If reference signal, basal signal and reflected signal are respectively
,
with
,
with
be all
late replicating,
with
corresponding time delay is respectively
with
,
with
utilize following formula to calculate to obtain simultaneously:
be
relative to
time delay, the position of trouble spot is
,
the velocity of propagation of signal in transmission cable; The factor in formula
represent the reduction causing power detecting signal due to the decay of transmission cable and the reflection at impedance mismatching place.
5. the cable fault online test method of the cable fault on-line measuring device based on Chaotic Wideband Signal according to claim 4, is characterized in that, adopts the discrete null method of multiple averaging to process data:
Identical for two row length reference signal C1, C2 are done additive operation, obtains new reference signal C; The mixed signal e1, the e2 that comprise basal signal and reflected signal are done additive operation, obtains new reflected signal e; Revised reference signal C is done auto-correlation normalization computing, revised reference signal C and reflected signal e is done cross-correlation normalization computing simultaneously; Repeat above-mentioned steps, carry out multiple averaging, the most high reverse--bias peak alignment of the main peak of the autocorrelator trace after average treatment and cross-correlation curve, subtracts each other with each point is corresponding on the autocorrelator trace except main peak with each point on cross-correlation curve, obtains final trouble spot information.
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| CN112067945B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-12-19 | 广州赛力迪科技有限公司 | Railway signal cable online fault positioning system and method |
| CN113466612A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-10-01 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Cable fault identification method |
| CN113466612B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-07-01 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Cable fault identification method |
| CN113406435A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 太原理工大学 | Rapid lossless cable fault positioning device based on chaotic synchronization |
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